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op- power"-over production, e.g. land and Movement of the Socialist Left (MES), like to call the attention of immoral ' ' ' " The essence of our . I would \{IN factory seizures, etc.-by Portuguese '{ along with sections of the Armed Forces ñ b"i"s. ilä- is_ not economic or military, it's iåär: ä;;;;Ëeìh"t ^patriatchal,-whichfiãs.sion workers peasants may be limited Movement (MFA) played a signifïcant bv someone wftõ'frar--- Wilhetm Reich and if taken in,Israel govern- role in the creation and tã tt ãefines as-the reptessio;of natural' not defeated by 'isocialist" ofworker #;üb#àäiti" äüäî Jr;tãttãts': have ñtt;y fr ee, undifferentiated expression of ments of the like McReynolds and neighborhood commissions which ;äË ïf-wlNlïä*ãîõttãtt"t. male Acher would seem to prefer andlor by exercised initiative independent of the l"i;'ä;;# J ffi;;iä;;lhit"rii;îË"-' sèilalitv' rhererore I, a itraig-ht wittr anôtttre neuroses oftheloth the exercise of violent force on the part parties (see Intern¡tlon¡l Bulletln, Nov. iË$tiffiät;i;;ïñ;ñi;è;i;ãin 7, 1975 While both the ä,Ëù:rä;ËüoJte;,i i'iõttñã¿"* Century, am as oppressed as each other of sectors of the Portuguese working & Dec. 5, 1975). iläffiË;I.ä, öái;.Ñsibility, personin the entire world, regardless of class and Left which might easify pro- PRP and MES are more isolated today ildih.du;;trõí gegder or sexual orientation' voke an armed reSponse by the govern- (and their saner elements regrouped in --irtänämãðiüiånewfeace. groupis " That'syhvly1¡ ment andlor Right. Thus while I do not the United Soci¿list Movement-MSU, Thant vou for "Remembering Phil peace). the same issûe a fewþäggs"qpalledtoreadin later, in lan totallyägree with the Uhl/Ensign as noted by Uhl and Ensign), their past "lù;h.i;3h;ñ-nt''-(pi;üí; perspective (which role should not be denied nor their ochs"r fwIN. 6/3/761. I'd like to The srouo believes thät õnlv within Harris' review of the book Men'e. seems to see an to Phil Ochs. is danger in armed struggle for power as necessary) future potential underrated. The recent orooosei lastinc tribute Jå*iiit-Ëi ¿ói;tt"ttv-tfÉrm their I4þ91*1o1, " ' ' ' !þerg ' ' ' I more palatable a perspec- outflanking on the Left ofthe PCP by ' D^urine the lalt week in April, Pete selftrood. They plan to s?¡¡e in elicit(ing) symqlly t'q men because find it than the implied Otelo Carvahlo (who was supported by Seeeer vìsited our campus at Indiana ÑãÉtDd¿rd Ëópine t ;¿"-iãnãit tþv are onpresT9-.-' '-Y,"1 hay9 afte1- tive,,analysis, and çtrategy would logically some of these splinter groups' ') 7 No. 33 Statë Univetsity, Evanõville for an out' iiõñi¿J¡p"il"iiõniyiome current agri- all created this mess' and must be seen which support the "tiny October ,1976 / Vol. Xll, con' social-democratic program of the seems to indicate at least some measure door concert and wotkshop. At the lìlTät"ti'ãôtióã..;"ro äo ttti' thèy h"o¡ie as oppressors',:r::1!':9lil!-1i19:11^^ Socialist Party of Portugal and thus the ofthe iinportance ofgroups and per- cert he olaved Ochs' "Power and to raise än indigenous desert busli thait wrongheaded enemres Glorv" ãná when he finished the of those who are"pq119l,T-.?rys natural friends' makes institution of a situation where the sonalities to the Left of the PCP. oó¿u"es a subititute fo;;ñ;ltõit. I.hope that this exchange remains inspírine sone said: "Some of You Í'hõ-||;b"ilgÏèlpã¿ it itÏr aliens of those who are natural allies struggle for power is postponed fdr to thus never-never land and the working class comradely (although I sense I haven't Middle East recõeniäd thãt son¡j as belonging tv säientists aî S"å CuriãfÜ"i"ãiriivln"nãinuot- -_ and keep the Mo¡em-ent^divided' 4. Addressing the PhilÕchs. Well, Phil isn't with us any õirõi"t " playingintothe hands of the rulins is kept at bay. This seems to be the qúite beeir àt my bËst). I know WIÑ has Conflict Directly JoeCerson ääsË;:ñtËtãJü present b-een too often the fïeld for acrimoniousj / rnore but his songs are. What a will cooperate class. situation and this has largely resoonsibilitv thev in particularly between people 12. Folíes de Lugano 1976 *onderful thine lt is to write a song like ñèätth Marv carroll, in a teplv to Roxanne been true historically ofparties associ- debate, ãTã;-;Ë;å,i.ãíionä, years who have valued and learned from eâch Prokosch thatt I'll sine iifor the rest of my life." services, as well as"¡d Dunbar on this subiectover,tnree atedwiththe Secondlnternational., Eric rãcreitional eco- other in the past, yet would now seem- Much is nów being said and written for all segments ago, is more eloquent than I am: Now fgr more particulars in tesponse Left: nomic ôDoortunities of (1) (our) interdependence. 14, The Legacy of the Sixties aboutthe need for a new national Finally,_tñe_group "l . .we.live in a systemlhat destroys to McReynolds: the strategy of ingly deny their ñaei';"pãpilËai*. rhetoric attributed to the From personal encounters and An Essay on the Life of Susan ãnthem without the violent overtones of ;;"mimå tfîat wheTeas not all most of its people . . . anti-male "peaceful transition" ad- practiced otherwise I have come to appreciate Stern Sandra Adickes "Star Spangled Banner." I propose that #;ËË"e[;riitorv is n"eðiiaUt", p""." reminds mè ofihe people who.think PCP and as by them far from / "Power anilGlory'? be adopted as tttb i"firi'i,i;oii,;äõËit äiËJãr¿úå they are figltfng rdcia[prejudice by. guarantees that they will not be Dave for his.stand as a socialist and 16. Changes moved The "authoritarian and bureauctatic. " In courageous person with the WRL, in sone of choice bv all who were cailing' ' ;-wtrite peopleiacists' ' ' -Walk '19. ffi;ä?iËJ; August oT 1975 the PCP and then- Contiñental disputes, and more' Reviews ionFard in the siruggle for constructive Too often religious orthodoxy in Israel auerale man hai. . . às much to do with premier Vasco Goncalves were recentlv in response to Ted Howard iòcial chanee ut rt'"'""gj has been tied up-øttr ttre policies of the male chauvinism as the ' ' ' caucaslan . at men from the right and the left ÍWlN,6/24/761. I appreciate John for andgreat Phil ochs' S$IiKcn ääîi. i-r¡ü * IñeCäiü sñunim move- does with . . . racism. . Shreiking criticized Evanrville, Ind. ¡1äil Thï lãtäL-.*t-uãituãrÀanized abopt how evil they are (is)unfair to "for attempts to control the state ap- his sense of humor, his respect for and manipulated just as paratus" (COPCON document, as knowledge of American radical cultural STAFF iliü*g;r*ms like onïõoããipôt- moit men, _who arè is out numan quoted in International Bulletln, August tradition and for his apt clarification túni$ fofthose trying "to combinè- their Ye are ' ' ' where ' ' ' Harris flashed 29, 1975). (2) That the PCP ' lmay well about "self-management" in the same Peg o Dwight Ernest i'ää.i iîiräläeitlÇïtT tiiùïô"i - liberation movement?" Averill me on my father, who blamed the in- favor" the armed seizute ofpower be- letter I have referred to. These latter Ruthann Evanoff o Susan Pines orthodoxv,*'Ë"r-åit" remarks are not meant as palliatives for information write: Harvey adequacy in himself for being out of cause "its leadership has been Murray Rosenblith hard-line, strongly Moscow-oriented" serious differences remain between us; Chertok, Garin Mashmia Shalom, work during tn"_"fläËTi""StOSKy suggests to me McReynold's ignorance yet I offer them in hopes that a humane a" Moshav.Masuot Yitzhak, D.N. Lachish North Iong Berch' c¡Ilf' about the more recent political practice perspective remain in our intetchanges. iäffiiöüö;ilr;;i*-r;;*, of Communist parties aligned with the I believe that WIN has beèn and will UNINDICTED austln' Texre Soviet Union. More often than not, in continue as a pionedr forum for helping CO-CONSPIRATORS Perhaps I should let uhl and Ensign countries where formal democratic to develop and offer a nonviolent and ' : to attacks on structutes exist, said parties have revolutionary perspective on our world. J an Barry ¡ Lance Belville o Maris Cakars* : IWIN;6/10/761 respond . . article andPolìtica1 perspective' sought the peaceful road to power While the Uhl/Ensign articles have Susan Cãkars* Jerry Coffinr Lynne Shatzkin Còff¡n' ln November the voters of America will their Ann Davidon'r Diana Davies . Ruth Dear : but-I feel compeÍed to do so mvself (which usually, but not always, means covered only one ofthese basès, I have . . Will¡am Douthard' today in the US. tå tä"äïiiít äî"r-tÏãiããìãiÞìãti¿ãnt Ralph DiCia* BrianDoherty this tíüii.ir (í) because.I'in acquainted-at lêast reformist practice), often in opposition found both of them informative and Karen Durbint o Chuck Fager . Seth Foldy ., \4rith as the excuse and the ' left favored a more useful. I hope that all ofus encourage Jim Forest o Larry Cara r Joan Libby Haw!" r "fti,ã-rltãt*- ilíghtlv with both Dave McRevnolds to others on the who o ' as the weapon, the govern- "irv-äiíråïî"îi"i"õötítrolié¿'ptopugan¿" iñiit (and move Neil Haworth ¡ Ed Hedemann Grace Hedemahn crand iurv "ü.linãty anã John Acher¿nd (2)begause I'm a revolutionary usually violent) path. each other to forward with o ¡ ñrent liasimptisoned Chicanos, calts itself the tte" pr"rT.Ïftãtã-ãrä- growing Hendrik Hertzberg* ¡4¿6y Jezer* Becky Johnson F other nonviolent activist who believes tlat (3) I hope that McReynold's "reserva- insight to develop the tools and NancyJohnson o PaulJohnson . AlisonKarpel lesbians. Puèrto Ricans, Native ääidñ;ïñ;ìï" (and analysis' which are necessary for non- Craig . Kyper . Eliot L¡nzer* "ri¿"n"y Socialism needs to be created thus tions about Soares and the Portuguese Karpel Johno Americans, unionists, Irish Americans' ifrîiÏiääf-C;tõt;;lõ;ãi¿-Ëåiã. be ele.cted to power) and Socialist Party" will lqad him to a violent revolution-and to use WIN as a Jackson Mac Low David McReynolds* the Uetter ones arã-thð Þeoples cannot simply MaryMayo . DavidMorf¡s ¡ MarkMorris' radicals and others, in order to harass Amone deeper analysis ofthe situation in forum so we can learn from each other. must JimPeck . TadR¡chards . lgalRoodenko* ønd/or eather intelligence. We Portugal and an examination ofhis as- _TOMEDMINSTER Fred Rosen . Nancy Rosen ò Ed Sanders defend iheir rights oiany ofus could Ël'*ï::$#P-"å:iÍiJisñ{tFsõiä'i"i1#lî"'å'ïliiråi""[o":'5;isl"Ë'ä: Wendy Schwartz* . Martha Thomases s-umptions about revolutionary change. S¡ntrCnrz, Callf. o become avictim. iåäLìt,Tåä-ñJåia;Ëê;;-- lgi,.l"dsocietvisawhorebvthe On the former, I highly recommend (1o Art Waskow Beverly Woodward - workine class'-On this latter set of *Memberof I also aqtee with Chuck that"'feptes- McCarthv. all) David Plotke's "The End of the WIN Editorial Eoard sion should be opposed whoever sup' li'".t"ry"å'ìi"'n'l-îîå"1""*" Portuguese Empire" in Socl¡[st it" and as a member ülj#uiffi l"u:iåT::ff ìf$î:'Jff I'm¡ff oorts and financè¡ ;i ËËffi-,;Ë;jd;n' activiíts whose social-democratic Revolutlon #28 ($2.00 from Agenda 503 Atlantic Ave. lsth Fl. õf Amnesty International I have done ]jå'"iäiË'åñl of the Publishing Co., 396 Sanchez, San Fran- government- åfõärt;iã poli.tig.s (6oth are members Brooklyn, NY 11217 so. However, the US õiäri'tïõv ""ncems cisco, CA 94ll4l. It gives a good throueh the CIA, Special Forces, etc.- sovernmentc"nrotrntfindö*õã-'socialisiParty).would.seemtobind Tef ephone: (212)624-8337, 624-8595 media-," andhisstate' themtoapositionthatequates assessment of the developments in has uíed our tax doilars to train the frãiã¿.onttolof gorernment in Portugal since the MFA has come to police ofour ääîifãJi.ã-"tñïhät hå pruoiìã."t" socialism iryith a socialist WIN is published every Thursday except for the first reoressive forces "allies" (oerhaps of power and poses quite well the prob- week in the last week in March, the second bffiãn;ütúã now,er nationalization January, iiitt nïaintain this adds to our ä"t*ol,üffiöü;ä lems faced by those there struggling for week in May, the last two weeks in August, the f¡rst two people and the last week in December by moral"nii responsibilitv towatds the ;ff a transition to socialism. weeks in Septembei persuade AdÅeuhr,¡., W.l.N. Magazine, lnc. with the support of the War ofthose cðuntties' ifwe can't ä'"iîlîïsîgtt'¡#"--";;;'i:g*tl'"Ps.f"-ð::*!diË'r.J""'fi. In response to John Acher: John per year. DEMILITARIZED ZONES, reviewed by Resisters League. Subscriptions are $11.00 our own govetnment to change its in- profound class postage paid at New York, NY 10001 and åffiiffij'iJ'i*. shows a ignorance ofthe Peg Averill is available for Second can? Letters lffi;Ë'li*mÏÌ lWlN,9/23/761, off writers are humane õollaboration, who i:d*îäîi:äi:'ff,;färf,3$E revolutionary proceis in Portugal when $2.95 from East R¡ver Anthology, 114 N. additional mailing ices. lndividual expressed and accuracy of from Americans frighten Pinochet more 6th St., Perkasie, PA 18944. responsible for opinions he denigrates the role of the smaller facts given. Sorry-manuscripts cannot be returned than they frighten Erezhnevt gc#*#iiå1Ë#!i!?ål'-îirm*r*¡:n:Ë"'üïååi:å:* _PEILUS revolutionary groups. The Party ofthe The photo of Marty lezer in the 9/30/76 unless accompanied by a self-addressed stamped en- ROA ffi of " popular RevolutionaiyÞrolãtariat (PRP) and the issue of WIN was taken by Richard Kalvar. velope: Printed in USA Jollet, Ill. tËöäpÈ-rtü |ñirä"r"îìlîã¿, ãirù, efforts in the exercise

Oct. 7, 1926 WIN 3 2WlN ft.7, 1976 Amêrican commitment to the lsraeli government, 5) Private assurances to "Arab leaders" by the it may be read as an open letter to the lsraeli President (Nixon then Ford) that the United States cabinet. favors substantial restoration of the 1967 Muhammad Heykel, the former editor of A/ frontiers-a position that the United States re- Ahram (Egypt's most influential newspaper) and fused to advocate publicly until it was intimated conf idant of the late President Nasser, is an im- by Ambassador Scranton in the United Nations; portant figure in the Arab world. As a leading of- It is doubtf ul that the thrusts of these policies government said, "When ficial in the Sadat will not be substantially changed should the Heykel speaks, Arab world He was the listens." Democrats be able to replace Kissinger, though in f person in Egypt ffiæs* frmn#f *eå #lr*e*ly the irst Kissinger sought out his public policy statements, Carter has indicated Addressing åk* e4*ddËæ in 1973. ln his during his shuttle diplomacy thai he wiihes io end the chronic crisis with lsrael. f aims of recent article, Heykel outlines ive major Carter has called for "'Unequivocal' public and fills in im- American Middle East diplomacy comrnitment by the US to guarantee lsrael's exis- with portant gaps in the public's knowledge of Kis- The earlv outlines of his policies-especially tence as a Jewish state." the fact th.at he. singer's thinking by detailing his conversations JOE CERSON ;;;;;d ié trc r'¡la¿t" Eait-and ¿iã*t'* Èôãv¡ty iiom the Rockefeller think tank, with the American Secretary of State. THE PARALLEL POLICY our future Heykel maintains that thç f irst element of Americans deal with the conflicts of the Middle ifrã ri¡iãtãr"t Cómmission, indicate.that in the Middle East is not a new primarily concerned American policy has been to the US imperialism East in a number of wavs. Some ignore the con- ool¡.¡"t iorld continue to 6e þuarantee phenomenon. Kermit Roosevelt and the CIA milìtarv and security and safety of the state of lsrael. This has flicts. Others are grateful that they, their friends ;ìih ;;i;t"in¡^Á tt J international orchestrated the coup d'etat in lran in 1953 which of self-determi- been closely followed by an ambition for "the re- and people with whom they associate are ignorant èconomic statuiquo. Questions deposed Premier Mossadeq and preserved US and peace social justice barely appear on turn of the United States to the Arab world of th'e påoples and issues iñvolved. Others do their nation, and European oil interests. President Eisenhower sent sheets. through the widest doors." ln order to do this, best to forget the conflict, the peoples and their the candidates' balance to Lebanon in 1958, long before Heykel asserts, Kissinger has applied great pres- the Marines imoortance. ln this election vear J immy Carter McCovern suggested we do the same in cRITIQUES OF AMER¡CAN ¡NTERVENTION sure on Western European nations not to "enter Senator Ford seem to be dóing a little of each, Kissinger, like secretaries of state anä lerrv the Arab's kitchen lest you get burned therein." 1976. Secretary but ihe d'emands and peoples of the Middle East Since the'september 1975 Sinai accords be- before him, "took Hussein for granted," since demands of The third element of the Nixon-Ford-Kissinger protectorate. won't disappear, neither will the tween lsrael and Egypt, two articles have J ordan has been nearly an American pol policy, not unlike that of John Foster Dulles, has Palestinian'natiónalism, despite the reversals of wh i ch cl eãilv'outl i ne American icv And for years there has been a one-way flow of ãoóãáred been to expel the Soviet Union from the area, a the PLO in Lebanon. The military, economic and East. Both sought to in- as Arabian oil flowed west to Europe and oiiorities in the Middle goal made easier by the decline of Egyptian- wealth, social dislocations of lsraeli society will not be processe-s and relations States. firãnãu tt negotiating Soviet relations marked by President Sadat's the United heated, and the possibility of another catastroph-. " The first was written it to many that the transfer of among the staies involved' expulsion of all Soviet military and technical ad- Though appeared cannot be eliminated until Heykel in the Palestinian over the reserves of the Middle East ic-evén nucleai-war bv trtühammad Hasseni visors from Egypt, and the overriding fear that the control oil the needs of the peoples most directly involved in (translated,in SWASlA, from the "Seven Sister" oil companies to the Arab i;,ñ;i Êri; ltin At-tawra feudal Arab oil states have of communism. The crises and conflicts are addressed. to explain to the governments in 1973 marked the end of American the ôecember 5, 1975). lt sought fourth American policy priority is to split the Arab Carter has condemned the Kissingerian "Lone priorities of the Arirerican empire in the Arab world, more than likely it Arab world ihe world, as Kissinger seems to have done with thé þreeminence Ranger" foreign diplomacy. Despite his rhetoric, The second analysis, ied the Arab elites' demand for a slightly ì+ wtrìcn so affect iheir lives. Sinai accord and his encouragement of the iignif andþerhaps bõcauie of a greater focus on the Policy ('Spring 1976), was laiger slice of the unctuous pie. The United Slates "R oublished in Foreien Lebanese tragedy, in order that Kissinger or his global economic struggle rather than with the help açd, tóday importing more oil from Arab wells than it North-Soulh õiãpãr"Juv rdwald Sheehan ¡ successor might deal with each state separately is on the East-West ideological one, the foreign ' Secretary of State.Kissinger and his did before ihe tgZ¡ oil embargo, and the profits of loo'peration of and in isolation from the others. The f ifth priority policies of immy Carter, George Ball, Cerald This article not the oil companies have been greater since 1973 J aidäs in the State Department' has been to secure the continued supply of Arab and Henry i(issinger are essentially the of American policy, but than previously. Kissinger, with the help of over- Ford ãntv orou¡ded an analysis oil to the West at reasonable prices, a priority same. They difier more in style and emphasis than of the present production in the Middle East oil f ields and anti-' in sþält¡ng out the limitations many people have taken to be Kissinger's f irst. The same is true of their approaches Arab allies, has been able to exploit a in substanée. Unlike Heykel, Sheehan's analysis understates ðornmunist East conflict. Both candidates are glut world oil production. The United States to the Middle the importance or elements of American economic in votes and contr:ibutions by has thus limited the abilityof OPEC . vvine for lewish and political penetration of the Middle East. lovernment pied!ing ihe¡r com-itment to lsrael. Both want to raise the price of oil significantly, and has Sheehan refers to this imperial policy in the fol- to oil flowing into our consumer society supply of Arab oil at "reasonable" keep nrãb lowing way: a "parallel policy in the Arab world- continued the gas Both want above all to continue pnces. and tanks. promotion of American technology-as a means of - of Cairo, Damascus,. J unieh, the'aparallel policy"' openìng the markets increasing American influence." Besides the Little has been written of Tet-Aviv for Pepsi, Ford, Loc.kheed in the Middle East, though a number of itsele- iiyadh-and policy goals, Sheehan has outlined American based multi-national becoming increasingly visible. These and other American strategy including: ments are co¡porations.--iñitt¡r elements can be seen in the increased dependency ãâmpaign atmosphere, few Americans 1) Establiòhment of. a "quasi-alliance" between of the United States on Arab oil sources, an in- are asking cañdiðates to talk honestly about the Washington and Cairo with the expectation that ireàse ¡n the amouniof Àmerican militáry and i' life and déath issues involved in the conflicts of other Arab states would follow Sadat's lead. commercial exports to the Ai'ab vüorld, and the ac- the Middle East. And fewer still have examined 2) Avoidance of the Palestinian "problem. " celeration of the'spread of the consumer plastic State 3) to the point the policies for the region developed in the I Deterioration of US-lsraeli relations cultur to Arab capitals. Department, the Pentãgon, the corporate board i of a "condition of ch-ronic crisis,l' as the economic Sheehan is remarkably silent on the parallel .ooms and the think tan-ks over the last several i and strategic interests of the two governments policy, the one with the greatest impact on human vears. Even if Carter is elected, he will not bririg come into conflict. lsraeli officials ant¡c¡pate a lives, culture and directions of development. He þeanuts, sugar and spice, and everything nice. malor diplomatic confrontation between the two mentions its existence, but he does not explore its states in 1977 regardless of who wins the US meaning as he does the other elements of the Kis,- Presidential elections. singer policy. He elaborates upon its meaning in loe Cerson is the Middle'East staff person for the +) Misgivings about stationing US technicians in only one instance: New England Regional Office of the AFSC. He Drawinc bv lam¡r, age 10, ra¡sing the flag of Palestine. LNS the Sinãi anã continuing vasf supplies of arms to For the Egyptians, the parallel policy has meant traveled to the Middle East last year.' of comrñan'do lsrael. American diplomatic support, American money,

Oct.7, 1976 4wlN oct. z, 1976 WtN 5 ,.1 application oÍ their weapons. fhis exceeds the made evidently-otherwise we wouldn't be here weapons, along investors and oÍ frienálv to the United States' The ,{ in such force. and e'ncouragement of American the total in Vietnam in 1965. ít ¡t"iv ãÀd pol ice trai n in g, rei nforce the oilprinces to resiue Cairo's economy-not to ü,iiÅ' r The flood of these weapons to the Middle East The coffee shop is pure Holiday Inn, Best to of those governments which act as mention encouragement of the West Europeans i;il";ïil¿iri'ei is one form of cultural imperialism, and the spread Western-s ame uncomfortable booths with Àmerican proxies protecting.American. leatherette ,"ll to Sadaí, since it was a/so Kissinger's :;;;te;Ë;ist of the consumer culture and its values ref lected in formica table tops and seats, pre-empt the Soviet Union as *t'r"t" uS armeä intervention l"ichl waifresses in mi ni-ski rts. iõie^r^t ,"nC" plan to ("¡tr,"r. or political- the increased sales of American commercial goods r n" i,io"*ãi.äuiã strategi'callv hears Egyptians that r oÍ' w ea po n r amo n th e A ab s' But one from the our i¡ ce Y +st flowing to the conservat.ive gov- is another. Steve Pelletiere, Fulbright fellow and "".¡luf,t*t ful. Witft arms present presence is already polluting the delicate But the Secretary of the Treasury has b.een tñe Àrablan Peninsula and lran, thev former editor of Newsweek, describes the of parallel ;';;;;i;;i in WlN, 4/15/76linthe ecology-all unwittingly to be sure. *otã cleaiubout the meaning the LLå" tfrã life line open. The provision of more environment Cairo [see, Simon recentlv praised pro- following manner (it does not differ greatly from öåfiãvlõieãvpt. Secretarv than $B billion"it worth of arms a year can also THE US-CAIROAXIS Sadat as a "man of tremendous vlslonT ' lor other forms of covert my own personal observations in Damascus and ui¿u u vehicle for CIA and Kissinger has not had to build the US-Cairo axis ñã"i"" bioken with the Soviet Union and abilitv to send or with- Amman a year ago): i;;il;"ii"". rinallv, the out of thin air. ln the wake of President Nasser's ii¡ài"iiråã rÀypt's economv" . . but he warned parts provides a veto businèssmen are everywhere, making üotà sout" for weapons Our death in 1970, the traditional owners of wealth in that "Egypt ñas yet to make the administrative policies of other hotel |obbies, laughing ö;";-;;t-th" foreign and war deals. Standing around in Egypt sought to restore their control over ãnA titcãíþolicy changes" that would.entice affably, with Egyptians bowiàg end/ess/y /ike is seeking What nations. Egyptian society, reinforce their economic business investment tiat Sadat ' :'*ötiiit¡.t on the arms tradeto the Middle East those lunny stolk toys that perch on the side of a meant may have been aicendancy, and regain politicai power, though at fi"àtrtv Secretary Simon .ornoäãà ior the nmei¡cãn public are shakv and glass ducking their beaks. There's money to be iläì'"1"d, brt tornu of thé following.reports in- äiããiäitt"i'"Èof arms in driving a bulldozer-or a õ-rgõ-tñtough the doors that recent American . . have helPed The arms sales. policy has,opened: Kissinger assured ISadat] that Egypt balance the American international lJnited States has so/d tsrael F-'15 combat would be "the first recipient of one. -The far Dayments deficit. The sale of ' ' Íishters. a plane which is in many respects "whatever. . . favors [the United . lo'the MIC 23's and 25's of Svria and iet'fighter offsets more dollars. . ' tJiàr¡oí Statesl had the capac¡ty to bestow." auto' l[vot. These are due to be delivered this y.ear to ihan the sale of a thousand lióoi"^"nt the Phantom and Skvhawk fighters mobiles. áIiér,av delivered and the F,-l6fighters.in the. iiiel¡ne. American arms shipments to lsraelhave 'mÁãe it the preponderant military force in the indicated in the recent banning of the right to Middle Easi in the wake of the 1973 war ' as early as Nasser's death in 1970, Nixon's strike in Egypt and in Egypt's agreement to return Pentagon has agreed to a $1.6 billion "stand-in" at the funeral, US Ambassador to $10 million to Americans whose investments were modernizatiõn-The of the Saudi Air Force. fhis is in Britain and TV Cuide magnate Walter Annen- nationalized by the late President Camal Abdel à¿¿¡lion to the $1.2 biltion arms agreementwhich berg, was told that the Sadat government wanted Nasser 15 years ago. èatts for the delivery of M 60 tanks, Dragon to turn over a "new page" in Egyptian-American and a maior naval relations. ARMS SALES áitl-tãn*missi/es, rsr. ¡ets a facility. The Saudi army., locked into an arms race ln his f irst meeting with Sadat in 1973, Kis- A second major area of US economic, political and with neighboring lran, has arms to protect iti singer was clear that the "US would not abandon military penetration of the Middle East has been monarcñica/ status quo and to serve as ari armory lsrael, but Washington would truly wield its {n the fôurfold increase in the sales of arms to the foi the conservative'Arab governments of the power to regain Arab rights." Sadat, Kissinger Middle East. These weapons, comprising more Middle East. maintains, was the keystong to this policy-and to many parallel policy. to cement than B0% of all US foreign arnis sales, serve has agreed to sell Egypt C-130 carg,o the ln order the Wash- provide profits and ington-Cairo relationship and to provide i purposes. Obviously they iobs -Congresstransports. This military move, des,igned to Sadat io the corporations which run the American with the investment and weapons he needed to p I e ment f i n a nci al a ee m ents betwee n politicians' Secondly, com Er maintain his positíon in Egypt, Kissinger assured' ,: economy änd support many Washington and Cairo, seeks to reintorce Presi' petrodollar reserves, the him that Egypt would be "the first recipient of the arms sales reèycle dent Sadat's rnove to accept American suzerainty United States.to.pay. for whatever political, territorial and financial favors money flowing froin thê rather than Soviet sPonsorshiP oil imþorts. Tñe arms sales thus have helped [the United States] had the capacity to bestow." negotiated a $750 mil- balanèe the American international payments L)S government has Washington has thus far followed through in its -The to sale of one multi-million dollar iet lion sale oltlawk anti-aircraffmissi/es Jordan, commitment to Sadat. Sadat's acceptance of deficit..The fhese fiehter offsets more dollars sent chasing foreign to be financed by Saudi Arabia and Kuwait American suzerainty has alienated Egypt from oiÍ than the sale of a thousand automobiles. The r"iii"rãtã ¿"sisn'ed to shoot down the þlanes confrontationist and socialist Arab governments, widening of the arms market has also enabled the belns sotd by thõUnited'states to lsrael. but the Ford administration has guided more than ''' Pentagon and corporations to lower the per unit Pentagotn and American corporations have a billion dollars in economic assiitance through . cost oiproduction of arms. This sometimes makes sold-The tran $1T-bitlion in arms since 1972 and Kis- Congress to subsidize the Sadat government. the cost per weapon of a weapons system (like iet. tlnàe, has iust arranged an agreem.entto sell Simultaneously, the Treasury Department has fightersi low enough to allow their pr:oduction and anõther $t'o b¡ll¡on ii arms to the Shah bv 1980' been working to put together a $1-$2 billion and in NATO when they development loan package for Egypt through the dõployment in theUS dictatorship has been the greatest been too expensive. The The lranian World Bank, New York commercial banks, and mi'ght otherwise have Americàn arms sales abroad in.. East crisis nr)iuluirain for banks. salés of weapons to fuel the Middle political and economi.c pavoffs J apanese and Western European and West European 7äZàítivä"rs.'i"iÅití"|^ét"àt"á rnà To guarantee Egypt a margin while Western thus subsidize the American dependencv of oil rich tran on funds are gathered, Kissinger has fostered military machines. technology and advisers' of weapons, according to a study American economic and diplomatic relations among the The óxport than 25,000 East Mobile Education is estimated that there are more . Sadat government, Saudi Arabia and the other done by the Middle -rt advising and serves a number of other American con- ¡,mei¡càis in the Middle Eastrcday, conservative oil states of the Middle East. He has Project, in the use and cerñs. lt helps maintain Arab governments ti:i¡n¡ig A¡ab and Israeli armies tu. 7, 1976 Wlil T 6WrN ù.7, 1976 in the between the bourgeoisie and the settlement-through the Saunders testimony nurtured ties peace keeping mandate in . commitment to the policies of the lsraeli govern- Congress and several statements by US Ambas- the Colan Heights. . feudal elements of these states which need one Southern Lebanon.' ment. This change can be seen in Ambassador sador to the UN William Scranton-Kissinger has and stay out of anothèr's support to maintain the.status quo. A Scranton's òondemnation of continued lsraeli continued the process he began in his shuttle The editors of SWASIA, à publication issued by recent result of this new relationship was the occupation of the West Bank, and it is ref lected in diplomacy: splitting the Arab world and avoiding the Division of Overseas Ministries of the National founding of the $2 billion fund by the Culf Organi- report of the Brookings lnstitution: Toward the Palestinian Arabs. This policy is not unique to Council of Churches, observe: the zation for Development in Egypt, financed by Peace in the Middle East. As US"governmental the United Arab Kissinger; candidate Carter has suggested Severa/ evênts have occurred which lend Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qutar and þolicy has changed to accommodate to these "new Emirates. returning the West Bank Palestinians to the credence to this (the Economist) scenario. lsrael Finally, in the face of the Soviet embargo on authority of Jordan's King Hussein. did give tacit consen t to Syria's intervention in of arms and'replacements parts to thq ql- The American policy of exclusion the Lebanon; in fact,lsrae/ has downgraded its Fgypt, (PLO) in Washington has begun to deliver Palestine Liberation Organization has been danger line in Lebanon; it now says that Syrian ministration year, weapons promised during the1975 negotiations pursued on two levels during the last the troops across the Litani River (15 miles north of diplomatic for the Sinai accords. Congress held off vetoing diplomatic and the military. On the the lsraeli border) would be grounds for liraeli The United States has also been ad- level the exclusion of the PLO from negotiating its Sadat's request for C-130 transport planes, and counter-intervention; and the US has dropped justing militarily to Western European nations have indicated an processes regarding the resolution of the central public opposition to Syr¡an intervention, praising the "new i - i n i Arab conf I ict has been interest in filling this gap in the.world arms i s rael J ewi s-h/Pale-st an the Syrian troops constructive role. realities". . .,and the adjustment has with a US-lsraeli memorandum signed market-to theñ own prof it and that of corporate consistónt Regardless of the depth of US involvement in not been of following the Sinai accord.s. to the liking the lsraeli America. lt should be remembered at this junc- in September,1975 the Lebanese war, a war which has already taken provided that "The United government. ture in American political life that Secretary Kis- The memorandum more than 30,000 lives and destroyed the once oppose ând, if necessary, vote against singer did not develop or pursue this policy alone, States will lively society and dynamic economy of Lebanon, it in the Security Council to alter the but only after a bipartisan review of American any initiative has served the interests of the bi-partisan US reference of the Ceneva peace conference Middle East policY. teims of government policy. The PLO has lost its bases in or to change resolutions 242 or 338 in ways which Beirut and in Damascus. lt has suffered severe EXCT,USION OF THE PALESTINTAN ARABS are incompatible with their original purpose." militarf losses and can no longer be assured the tension has with this policy, US ambassadors to the realities," developed between Wash- of Kissinger's Middle East Çonsistent support of Arab states for its claim to be ington and erusalem. lt is a tension which Prime A central element United Nations have used the veto power three J policy has been the exclusion of the Palestinian- the sole legitimate representative of the Pales- Minister Rabin of lsrael expects to lead to a US- times in the Security Council during the last year. people from any considerations. and negotia- tinian-Arãb people. The war has also left Arab tsraeli confrontation in 1977 despite the rhetoric of Arab ln February 1976, President Ford, meeting with in that last year there were several unity shattered. Arab states are more open to the 197 6 presidential candidates. Military, tions.'Thóugh lsraeli Prime Mi¡ister Rabin, agreedto continue moves on the part of the State Department being'dealt with singly rather than in alliance thus economic and political neèds of American cor' subt{e this political line. He pledged to seek a recon- in the dírection of rgcognizing.the centrality of the decreasing their power relative to the United porations and the next administration may require vening of the Ceneva conference, to pursue at- Palestiriian Arab people and their rights in any States. Finally, as the New York Times (August, changes leading to stability if not peace. Or they tem pts to arran ge I sr aeli - J or d an ian negoti at ion s 30,1976) reports, the weakening of the PLO and may for (rather than lsraeli-Palestinian) on the settlement allow continued limited wars on different the disunity of the Arab states has given lsrael a terms. ,.i of the West Bank, and to discuss possible Syrian- "respite" from years of tension. lt should be As the economic systems of the West continue lsraeli negotiations over the Colan Heights. ln ad- noted, however, that while Syria and Egypt (the to stagnate, the pursuit of the parallel policy dition to i[s diplomatic meaning, this pledge also will two primary "confrontation" states) have con- , most likely become more important. The existence '+ reflects the military priorities of the most recent r.ô ducted a propaganda campaign against one of these markets in the Arab world lsrael administration: neglecting the situation of thp and for another, movements toward capitalist lines goods weapons Þãiéittnian Árabs in LãÙuion, and encouragfng a , their consumer and should become of a'development," US hegemony and separate even more important as a boon to Ameri'can in-. separate peace between lsrael and Jordan and negotiations with lsrael indicate they have more in profits and jobs. between lsrael and Syria. dustry, common than many commentators have On the military level evidence exists to indicate The United States has also been adjusting mili- recognized. that the government in Washington has done tarily to the "new realities" revealed in 1973, and the adjustment has not more thán simply allow events in Lebanon to take TENSION W¡TH ISRAEL begn to the liking of the their natural course. ISee J . Richard Butler's lsraeli government. The Egyptian and Syrian in- . article, "Lebanon: From Chic to Chaos," WlN, While recent presidents, the Congress and the vasions of lsrael which launched the "October ' revealed 7 /22/76.1ln the summ er of 1975, as the civil war majority of American voters have been ' War" that the United States could no i was begiñning, the Palestinian "moderate" Sabri unswervingly committèd to the existence of the longer expect lsraeli forces to serve as an state and policies unrivaled proxy in the Middle East. Following J yris maintained that the US was channelling tons of lsrael the majority of its for the of arms to the Lebanese army with the expectation the last three decades, there have been competing war, Washington has widened its military base in that they would be siphoned off by the Christian interests whose importance became more the Mi$dle East, arming and integrating Egypt, Phalangists for use against the Palestinians. apparent in the wake of the 1973 war. Regardless Saudi Arabia and lran into the American military A detailed and damaging scenario of US in- of how one def inès this commitment to lsrael: network to comphment lsrael as conservative' volvbment in the Lebanese war was published in moral, economic or strategic; successive Ameri- Middle East allies. ... the Economist of London. lt reported that Syria can administrations have not protested greatly as Military aid to lsrael,, more than $6 bilion since ' and lsrael, with the US working as the limited wars wracked the region, killed fus people, 1973, has also caused f riction within the centers of and power Il intermediary, arranged a deal in which Syria could distorted their paths toward development. in the United States, adding to the tension invade Lebanon in exchange,for the Syrian re- The one exception vyas the protest of thè Eisen- of American-lsraeli relations. The provision of newal of the UN "peace keeping" forces on the hower administration to the joint lsraeli, French billions of dollars worth of the United State's most Colan Heights: and British invasion of Egypi, an invasion which modern military equipment to lsrael-as well as to threatened interests in the other Middle Eastern countries-has left The deal) which was reportedly f irst broached in American Arab world. the - LNS The "new realities" of the Middle East: greater American stockpile depleted. ln some cases the Washington by Jordan's King Hussein, goes as 7'the Arab military the opening of the Arab first arms off assembly lines have gone to lsrael 0 follows Americans were to persuade lsrael to strength, markets, and of Arab states rather than to American commands, giving keep ifs hands ofÍ Lebanon if Syria moved in; in the ability to impair the flow of oil to Western Europe and the Ud¡ted offense to the Pentagon, the ClA, the-Treasury ret.lrn, Syria would renew the lJnited Nations' States, have forced changes in the degree of US and the Office of Management añd the Budget.

1976 8W¡N tu.7, Oct. 7, 197ó Wll{ 9 .i

plans the return of is. . . not to give us more arms for our security, and many candidates, ignore the Middle East, Domestically, spokesper'sons for the Black corir- Palestine. All of these assume but ihe development of arms and some or all of the Egyptian, Syrian and Jordanian to give us more security so we can have less hoping it will go away. We can pander to the ñ;ñt;;ti,åi.ttine wars of 1967 and1973' arms." Military investment and mobilization have ignorances of our friends and the nation at large. Commårcial relation-s between lsrael and South lands conquered in the Carter Or we can take the initiative in working for peace As a Washi ngton Post column by William Both Seèretary Kissinger and candidate hindered lsraeli development and cut deeply into Ãfri.á. plan based past, this through educa- indicated, Blacks are beginning to have'indicated their preference for a the social services offered to the people. lts as we have in the time Càspberry West Bank' the diversion of American tax dollars to oÀ greater Jordanian control over the economy is in ruins, The lsraeli currency has suf- tion and embargoes. orélt¡on the Ameri- aspect of our piace campaign ir.áãl ã"¿ its South African client when they Wh''lle suctra plan may be appealing to fered constant,devaluations since the 1973 war The educational solution's should be self-evident. Americans are ignorantof siorlA be used to meet the needs of the poor at can voter or the lsraeli cabinet, this and emigration is exceeding immigration. of Palestinian yet, people the peoples, countries and issues involVéd in the home. failure to speak to the demands Worse the vision of the lsraeli has ' "Á;i East An educational effort along from the other eid of the relationship, nationalism means it will not bring long term been corrupted by year after year of war. lsrael Middle cònflict. East. As probably the lines of the 1965 Vietnam teach-ins, questions lsrael, as with other aid rec.ipients, has been Deace'or securitv to the Middle would "win" the next, most deadly, Mid- pounded in Beirut, to candidates, those thousands of leitters and the oioueä that it öannot spend its aid money as it Þalestinian refugees are being dle East war. But as its neighbors become richer the education of actions such as vigils provide us with Nearlv all the'$1.6 billion in arms aid for fact¡ons of the P-LO initiated thehi-iacking.of and technologically more advanced, no one can ãi,iã*t. Uganda' points of departure. The embaigoés have to do \g7o *at restrícted to purchases from' American Air France plane taken to Entebbe, venture to guess the "victor" of the war following oàroitã tt successful lsraeli raid at Entebbe, the the next war, lt raises visions of the Holocaust re- with arms sales, and not only to lran. A full em- man uf actu rers. The i n d u stri a-llv " deyq-lgped-" action" spoke clearly: the Palestinian visited. lsrael has the opportunity-which ip in its bargo on a// arms sales to the Middle.East would lsraelis have not been allowed to use this money to terrörist will not diiappear' Terrorist bombings in own best interests-to make peace with the help to def use the tehsion,and lessen the threat ;-üp ì; the international arms.supermarket, or to Arabs Zion Square and other parts of the Palesti n ian-Arabs and its nei gh bors. .Thei r open. which hangs over all people in the Middle East if i" tr'"i. o*n advancecl military estab' léiusalem's i""åtl óountry have frequehtly accompan-ied efforts to ness to a settlement with lsrael may not last in- and extends from there to the rest of the world. As lishment within lsrael. neeotiáte a " peaèe" settlement which does not definitely. the American Friends Service Committee has inciude the nàeds of the Palestinian-Arabs. Faced with the depressing and powerful concluded: "the impact of an arms race is to in- - negãrdless of how much we condemn Palestinian dynamics of the Middle East conflict, and the crease tension, to lessgn authentic security and to lsrael cannot long surv¡ve as the gar' teriorism, it will continue with us as'long as responsibilities of the American government and impede movement toward negotiations. " peace, peace. Even Palestiniáns continue to suffer the violence of ex- corporations for their continuation, we can adopt To make work for rison state is has become. disper- onlY pulsion from their homes, repression and several attitudes. We can, like most Americans @ ftìshe Dayan. . . has sa¡d, "The sion. solution is. . .not to give us more Peace is possible. While it may be too soon to to live arms for our secur¡ty, but to give us exoect Palestinian-Arabs and lsraeli-Jews less t-áäether in the friendlv harmony of a'bi-national more security so we can have orîemocratic secular state, there have been arms. " tttong indications from some peopleon.both sides ihat t"h"y would accept-a two. state solution as the peace. the debacle in Lebanon, basis for Until '\ of the PLO indiclted they could v:v:t{ }:¡,r.,\r iefresentatives ,: df,ñari ;{r.i: ' " i WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE? live with a two state agreement. Opposition in the lsraelì parliament have also The United States is deeply involved again: murky members for such a resolution of the ILi, a wars; people who fear and hate one another; argued Jl¿-iri c4lJ¡ oresid'ential candidates whci will not talk about lsraeli/Palestinianconflict, . .) solution is not on ly a ' ' niëe' '' or ¡t happening in the world, and congress- The two state *hut but it appears to be the realistic oeoole wh'o'debatã if the American people can be "moral" solution, lt meôts the minlmum needs and iol¿ tfre truth. Tied to a sense of responsibility for onéãr well. to be in the long term interests of both victims and descendants of European anti- appeàrs the pãilples. An end to the clonflict would also under- and the Holocaust are the interests of 3"r¡tirr the Pentagon and the corporations ÞãÃtágon, the multi-national corporations and èut the rational tft" in penetrating ihe Middle East with ;üã;',1 i¡"f-d"rí.tt *tli.r' fuel our economv and af- have used weapons and "diplomacy-' " society. There are, however, alternative investments, fluent Palestinian-Arabs, half a loaf is better policies whiih can be pursued and openings For the than no loaf at all. ln the wake of the Syrian inva- within the Congress, and within the society: in sion of Lebanon, it appears the PLO will not schools, chqrches, synagogues and out in the ' have the strong support of a united community. Arab world ¡n ihe Éáils of diplomacy. lndications Amidst the welter of United Nations resolu- governrnent will follow Sadat's positioning frustrating work are the Syrian tibns, diplomatic and of nãgotiation with tsrael for a return of peâce'movements, numeious proposals to end órãcedent of without i rtsisti n g upon proposed' its conquered territories - thò lsraeli-Arab conflict have been of Palestinian nationalism' The two state solution" (a variation the demands Thev include the "two solution provides an alternative to.continued partition of Palestine in1947 which rtut" of the UN á¡iòers¡on ànd the decimation of the Palestinian' of a Palestinian state on would allow the creation peóple and their culture. the West Bank of the Jordan and in Caza), the tsraelis get from a two state bi-national state, the "democratic secular state" ' What would ? lt appears, atÍirst to be of help only to of the PLO, continued lsraeli administration or solution n tiut closer exam inatioir reveal s it óccuoation'of the WeSt Bank, the return of the Palesti ians,' as well. wãii aá"t io the control of Jordan, and a series of would be in israel's interest garrison stàte oossible confederations which would include lsrael cannot tong survive as the and Palestine; Syria, Jordan and it has become. Eveñ Moshe Dayan, the epitome of israel. lordan _LNS has said, "The only solution Drawin8 by ¡¡r¡r, 1O Palesiiñe; or parts of Lebanon, Syria, Jordan and the lsraeli hawk, "t" 'Ocr. z,1SZO W¡N f f l0WlN Oct.7, 1976 NATO allies. started narrow but blossomed where a mass of. ERIC PROKOSCH The experts were a varied crowð: rnilitary of- soap the size of a f ist had been blown away. lf the f icers, military surgeons, diplomats, and ordnance testS were to be believed, some rif le bullets cer- specialists. The American delegation included ex- tainly caused worse wounds than others, at dhort Some years back, the manufacturers of a well- perts from the State Department, the Pentagon, range at least. known plastic food wrap with clinging properties the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, and ln the conference sessions¡ many experts were suffered boycotts for making another clinging the Army laboratories at Aberdeen Proving cautious about such tests (which have been done substance, one that stuck to the flesh as it burned, Cround. The level of expertise was high when it routinely by developers of military and hunting But the screams of the napalm victims and the came to demolishing the opponents' arguments, ammunition for many years). What was the best Folies de Lugano 1976 chants of the antiwar protestors were not heard in but the experts were often admirably modest target material? Did the tests accurately reflect the conference hall by the lake in Lugano, about the weapons of their own countries and un- the key factors in wounding? How could anything Switzerland. Here government experts trom 4'l willing to see nebulous humanitarian concerns be concluded when different tests appeared to countries gathered January 28 - February 26to override "military necessity," especially as give different results? One Asian diplomat be- discúss banning the use of napalm and other modern weapons were, it would seem; both more came so conf used that he wondered out loud how weapons tending to cause unnecessary suffering effective and more humane than old-fashioned the military ever managed to design a weapon at or have indiscriminate effects. ones. all. The author of the sorry affair was Sweden, To prove that napalm was not an "all or The concepts of "unnecessary suffering" and which in line with its humanitarian foreign policy nothing" weapon, a US exþêrt noted that three "indiscriminate effects" also came in for , had been pushing for a ban on napalm for some American soldiers on whom napalm was acci- criticism. The f irst of these seemed nebulous to years. Dodging this way and that through the dip- dentally dropped had not been burned at all. one expert, and there were doubts that it could lomatic morassr Sweden had convinced Norway, Another 4B soldiers wereburned by napalm in a ever be made suff iciently precise to serve as a join Mexico, and 17 other countries to it in series of accidents in Vietnam in 1968-69 but only sound basis for a weapons ban. The current three of them died and three quarters of them Edgewood Arsenal program for "prediction of "had 2Oo/o or less of the total body area burned. " antipersonnel effectivenesS of weapons and muni- ln a follow-up study in1974-75, only one of the tions," involving the measurement of "key victims was found to have "medical,/mental prob- physical factors i n mun ition-tissue i nteractions" lems" that were considered by the Veterans Ad- and the formulation of "trauma indexes" (as re- ministration "to be related to the f irebomb acci- ported in the f iscal 1975 US Army Armament dent. " (Twenty-one of the victims, though, com- Command Laboratory Posture Report), was not plained of "the sensitivity of the burned areas" to mentioned by the American experts. As for "in- "heat and cold. ") discriminate effects," as allegedly produced by The Canadians did the Americans one better. the "guava" bomb of Vietnam fame, which de- They covered several dozen live goats with.army' ployed hundreds of baseball-sized fragmentation blankets and dropped a napalm bomb on them. bomblets shooting out little steel balls over an Two of the goats had slightly reddened skin and area hundreds of yards on each side, an expert a NATO such six had singed hairs; the blankets evidently af- , from European country feared that if '+'e' forded considerable protection. Jhe Canadians weapons were not available, a great many also tried some experiments using live human ordinary high explosive bombs would be used, subjects. A burning blob of napalm on the bare with worse wounds and greater damage.to skin became unbearable after one second, they buildings. Thus, "to limit the use of controlled found. But a single layer of cotton protected the fragmentation weapons would not contribute to skin against burning for six or seven seconds, and humanizing war, but wciuld have exactly the op- of the naoalm blobs strikine an individual in a posite effect." simulateä direct hit, 69% cöuld be extinguished The question of "the use of certain conventional weapons" will be raised at the diplomatic con- - LNS with the bare hands. The bold Swedes also wanted to ban rif le bul- ference on humanitarian law this spring, and at lets, such as the M16, which because of their high the UN Ceneral Assembly in the fall. Posítions proposing that new bans on specif ic weapons be velocity, their tumbling propensities, or other may change, something "mayhappen," butthe added to the general bans on cruel weapons and properties, tended to cause especially. serious and NATO countries are unlikely to back down as long as Chiefs of Staff in Washington remain indiscriminate means of warfare, currently under , extensive wounds. To show that this was so, the the Joint consideration by the Ceneva diplomatic con- Swedes and the Swiss presented, in the glass convinced that once you gi've up one weapon, you ference on humanitarian law in armed conf licts. cases in the lobby of the conference hall, a display are on the slippery slope to total disarmament.and But before there could be a ban, there had to be of blocks of pine-scented bath soap, cast in the military impotence. .. much pressnre," a member'-' facts, and to examine the facts, and, perhaps, shape of a woman's thigh, through which various "We're not under , come to some very tentative and unofficial cbn- rifle bullets had been shot. (Soap, because it had of the American delegation told me. Repre- clusions, the Conference of Covernment Experts the density of flesh and recorded the passage of a sentative Fraser (Minnesota) has been inf luential on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons was bullet; the thigh, beCause it was the largest mass in pressing the Pentagon on the legality of convened under Red Cross auspices in Lugano. of puscle in the body; a woman, because she weapons, Senator Kennedy has made a good Here, fending off the rash proposals of the would not suffer from hairs being pulled out when speech, but apart from those efforts, there has Swedes, stood the Americans and their staunch the plaster mould for casting the soap was re- been little interest among merpbers of Congress. moved from her lee.) The delegates could tãke The napalm victims have stopped screamjng, the Eric Prokosch attended the Lugano ConÍerence as their: cups of coffee over to the display cases and demonstrators are busy with other things, and the a representative of the Friends World Committee. examine the soap blocks which showed that Pentagon reigns unchallenged over the nation's 7¡, He works with AFSC's NARM/C Proiect and is certain bullets had left a narrow, through-and- mighty arsenal t\/A writing a boìok on antipersonnel weapons. through path, while others had made a track that

12WlN Oct.7, 1976 Oct. 7. 1976 WIN 13 her self-destructiveness and tried to persuade her Fascinated, I watched the secondary leadership sit to alter her behavior. Stern records the concern themselves around her, while the third-ranking expressed for her by her ex-husband (the most leadership talked together in another group, ironic feature of the book is the Bradford Bachrach Iooking covertly at Bernardine and her bridal protrait; Stern'suffered a fatal seizure on intimates. " the eve of what would have been the eleventh Stern wanted to be Dohrn's intimate and be, anniversary of lfer marriage to Robby Stern) and like her, "an aristocrat," "cherished and the most constant of her lovers, but at different respected." Stern did achieve a minor celebrity as times, she turned from each of them to remain the lone woman in the Seattle Seven, when she part of Weatherman, the most enduring commit- and six men were tried for conspiracy in late ment of her life. autumn, 1970. (Stern even uses the jargon of show Stern joined the Seattle collective after she had business in discussing the trial; she refers to her- "tried working in the Establishment, first as a self as a star who must perform even when she is go teacher [f ive months], then as a social worker." ill, for, "the show must on.") She had tried "being a pacifist, f irst with thê Civil ln March, 1971, she served one month'in Rights movement, then with the anti-war move- Chicago's Cook County jail for an assault charge The Legacy of the Sixties Left: mðnt." (Stern is vague about her activities and stemming from the Days of Rage. She spent small their duration, but they wereT.rndertaken, fitfully, amounts of time in jail in Seattle for a variety of during her years as a student.) She "had ioined charges, and in the Spring of 1971, spent three An Essay on the Life of Susan Stern SDS and demonstrated and marched for two months in Purdy State Prison on a contempt con- f Seven years, and sti I I the war conti n ued . ' ' At that poi nt, viction resulting rom the Seattle trial. according to Stern, "anything otherthan When she left prison, she fell in love, became a 'Weatherman was insign if icant. " cocaine addict. She worked on her book, sold it, The collective regularly tore itself apart in self- and saw it published in 1975. But this was not criticism sessions, and when these were not suf- enough, apparently to strengthen hqr ego and Susan Stern died on J uly 31, 1976 at the age of 33 early-sixties, while eating ín a Paris restaurant, l' ficient to bring people to the proper level of revo- provide her with a will to survive. ln the final looked up and saw the headline surging across the lutionary consciousness, Weatherman leaders pages of her book, Stern wrote that during her tabloid in the hands of another diner: "Marilyn were summoned from Chicago to bring delinquent time in Weatherman, she tried to change, to SANDRAADICKES est morte." I don't want women to go the way of collectivists into line. My attention was impaled become selfless; but she could not; "my desire for Monroe, or Virginia Woolf or Sylvia Plath, , or by Stern's description of the behavior of Mark immortality, my need for fame is perhaps the My eye is arrested whenever, in turning the pages Anne Sexton, or countless uncelebrated women. ! Rudd, who arrived in Seattle in the autumn of essence of my life; it alone can give meaning to my of the New York Times,l see a woman's name or loathe the romance of suicide. 1969, on the eve of an important action the col- existence. " face on the obituary page. lf she i¡ identified as When I read of the death of Susan Stern, I made lective had planned. Rudd's mission on that oc- I regret that Stern and others could not have "wifeof . . .'.' or "widow of . . I silently com- a more determined effort to f ind her book, With .:' casion was to "smash monogamy," for Stern and found or created alternãte sources of meaning to mend her to her ancestors and turn the page. the Weathermen. I had tried to f ind it whón it was two others were involved in one-to-one relation- existence. I have also regretted, long before her Often; however, record of a woman's life first published, but, not surprisingly, the the book ships which they refused to renounce. Rudd con- death, that more of us who came of age in the ìt provides me with inspiration. M. Roche stores did not have it. But in early qt Josephine August, a structed a self-criticism session in which he fifties and who had ties to a working class tradition died in late J uly at the age of 89. She had headed cooþerative clerk at the Strand Bookstore fognd humiliated the members, turned them against one were not active in the sixties. For we could have the Rocky Mountain Fuel Company, but for me the only copy in stock. loined anotþer, and then set Stern up as the principal struggled against the contradictions cited in her with the workers in 1928, when she signed the When I began reading, I realized that Susan target of their anger. Later, he attempted to crown bogk: adventurism, disdain for the working class, first labor contract west of the Mississippi, a Stern had wanted to die for a long union time. She wrote his conquest with sex; he was unsuccessful with seff-destructiveness, and isolation from absolutely recognition agreement with the United Mine of herself, grew up terribly shy and "l introverted Stern, but not with other women in the collective. everyone. lf the Left of the sixties had included Workers (UMW). FDR appointed her and convinced of my inferiority to everyone Assistant Rudd persuaded one woman to submit to him as more people with ties to mainstream America, if Secretary of the Treasury in 1934. ln 1947 ohn L. around me. By the time I entered Syracuse Uni- , J proof that she had renounced monogamy. the Left had not been domínated by an affluent, Lewis asked her to join the UMW as the f irst versity at the age of 18, I was a slight, sallow girl Why, one wonders after reading this section, self-indulgent, elite group, the era might not have director of the union's welfare and retirement with sad dark eygs, short, unstyled hair, and large _ did Stern and others remain committed. lt would come to be regarded as eccentric and futile by the fund. She filled the job for 24years; in the last black rimmed glasses. I had always half dreamed seem that with Stern others-a strong moti- neo.-Silent Ceneration of the seventies. decade of her life she was an opponent of W.A. of suicide as an alternative to a drab, meaning- -and vation was that Weatherman offered a path to For many women, the legacy of contradictions Boyle. I have continued to thinkpbout the record less, and miserable existence." had actually She stardom. A revelatory scene in Stern's auto- of the sixties Left continues to f ill us with anger, of long and intense commitment contained in that tried to commit suicide when she was 13, after her ' biography takes place in the drurlk tank off a and so more often we turn to an examination of small obituary not¡ce. I am glad to have learned of father, who lover her had slapped "obsessively," Chicago courtroom following the arrest of the our older traditions, rather than to an analysis of goche, glad that she lived. her because he mistakenly believed that she had Josephine Weatherwomen during the 1969 Days of Rage. our recent history. Susan Stern was one of many However, there is anothèr kind of obituary that been driving in a car with her mother. (Stern's Bernardine Dohrn, looking like a fashion model, women who committed themselves to the spirit of -. draws my attention. When I read of the deaths of parents were divorced when she was three; her ì' despite the violent struggle with the police, those times and are now dead, underground, or young women, especially women whose lives in mother, Bunny, whom Stern describes as reclines on a bench, staring at the ceiling, burned out. The epoch merits our attention so that some way resemble mine, I remain distressed and childlike," after a bitter and 'lbeautiful remarried seemingly unaware of the women around her who we can salvage what was valuable and understand questioning for a long time afterward, particularly nine-year custody f ight which her father won. are so keenly conscious of her. "She possessed a what weirt wrong, for it is important, in the next if there is some evidence that the woman wished Stern claimed that her mother loved her and her splendor all her own," Stern wrote; "like a queen, level of struggle, to avoid the gap in continuity to die. The question "why" is always accom- brother, but loved her second husband more.) her nobility set her apart f rom the other women. which Susan Stern's death represents. ^. panied by the impulse " l wish I could have done ln her adult life, Stern's self-destructive pattern d¿ something to help her." That impulse has been ran to "mountains of dooe." a "sick and insati- She with me ever since, on an August evening in the able" sexual drive, and ä tôve of violence. .? recognized this pattern in herself; indeed, her Sandra Adickes teaches at Staten lsland Com- references to death are so frequent as to form a munity College. threnody for her own passing. Others recognized

14WtN k.7. 1976 ft.7, 1976 wlN 15 sublect. The FBI is called upon to n..*¿¡nU to Nobody's cam- The suit was f iled more than a draw up plans to deal with thefts paign manager, Wavy Cravy, week after an August 30 explosion of nuclear bomb-making materials what happened was this: Wavy at the Hanford facility which and nuclear extortion threats. was hustling back and forth be- sprayed two workers with radio- And the Federal Preparedness tween the Kemper Arena conven- qctive waste materials and con- Agency calls on all government tion site and a local park where taminated eight other workers agencies to direct their efforts clemonstrators were head- with lower doses. "towards the preservation of the quartered. A suspicious Secret A government study, released basic political, social and Service agent approached him and by Ralph Nader on September 7 economic systems and values of decided to check him out. The concluded that the present the affected areas." agent began to frisk Wavy and management of hazardous nuclear a bulge in his pocket- wastes is faulty and " a cause for -Friends of the Earth/LNS discovered perhaps a gun, the agént asked? cpncern."' -LNS NEW GOV'T REPORT SHOWS lnstead of a gun, Wavy Pulled EVENTS DRAMATIC RISE ¡N POVERTY out a set of wind-up clicking teeth with a big Jimmy Carter smile. BAY AREA-October 17 -24 has Reflecting the impact of the recent Holding the teeth in his hand, been designated Trident Concern recession, the total number of . WAvy asked the Secret Service week by the Pacif ic Life Com- p"rrons b'eiow the poverty l¡nJitr- man to be quiet. "Our leader is munity; events include educa- creased by 2.5 million, ar 10.7o/o talking," he explained, as the tional presentations, speakers, trom 1974 to 1975, according to a teeth chattered away. The Secret plays and films. Community Bureau of Census report released Service man listened for a meetings are scheduled for San September 26. moment, then told Wavy to "get Fr4ncisco, Palo Alto, Sunnyvale, THOUSANDS MARCH IN favor in its is using political prisoners direction-and have been The report indicates that the out of here. You're much too San Jose and Santa Cruz. For in- MEMORY OF LETELIER black Americans jailed points to do it. or shot¡" out the total number of people below the weird to bust," the agent added. formation, call Bob Alderidge, AND MOFFITT Badly in need a American of face-|ift, the Committee on Africa poverty line increased from 23.4 Wavy says that he may (408)248-181s. white minority regime a (ACOA). On Sunday, Sept.26, over6,000 signed -LNS million in1974to25.9 million in incorporate the Secret Service's contract this spring with the US BOSTON-Noam Chámsky people marched in a memorial 1975. This was the largest single position into Nobody's campaign public rêlations firm of Sydney S. year poverty speaks on "the United States and demonstration for Orlando COVERNMENT REPORT increase since data literature: "Nobody for Presi- Baron Co. to the tune of $365,000. the Middle East" at the Com- l-etelier, exiled Chilean diplomat PREPARES FOR became available in 1959. The dent-Much Too Weird to Bust." Andrew Hatcher, a black man, poverty level for 1975 was $5,500 munity Church, 602 Common- and Ronni Karpen Moffitt, a staff NUCLEAR CATASTROPHES Wavy Cravy also said that the was hired as a vice-president of wealth Ave., Sunday, Oct. 3, 11 member of the lnstitute for Policy for a farnily of four. real highlight of the'Republican the PR firm just about the time the had a median am. For information call (617) Studies (lPS) in Washington, DC While fervently minimizing the White families gathering was a confetti parade , South African contract was danger of nuclear accidents, income o1$14,27O in 1975; black 266-6710. who were killed Tuesday, Sept. 21 the with Nobody in the back of an signed. He then appeared on government income of in downtown Washington when the federal is busy families a median open convertible. NYC- Demonstration to protest NBC "Today" show une 23 plans Letelier's car exploded, apparent- J to making in case accidents do $8,780, and families of Spanish Straight Creek Journal rightist terror in Argentina and debate the current situation in a income of - ly from a bomb planted under- occur, according to a recent New origin had median attacks against Chilean refugees South Africa with American neath it. Com- York fimes report. $9,550. in Argentina; Friday, Oct. 1,4:30 m¡ttee on Africa director Ceorge white persons SUIT FILED AGAINST The memorial parade A 43-page draft has beerf writ- The number of pm at the Argentine Consul Houser, who is white. ten by Federal the poverty level increased PLANNED NUCTEAR sponsored by IPS moved past the the Preparedness below Ceneral, 12 West 56th St. Spon- Hatcher defended the white m ill ion 13o/o lrom 197 4 to WASTE TANKS Sheridan Circle spot where Agency- a 700-member group by 2 , or sored by the Partisan Defense minority government, said that within and the number of blacks by Letelier and Moffitt died and then the Ceneral Services Ad- 1975, Environmentalists asked a US Committee. For information, call South Africa was'the US's best ministration. plan or S%io. The number of by the Chilean Embassy to St. lt details a to 363,000 District Court in Washington, DC (212)92s-2426. ally in Africa, and maintained that "cope poor people of Spanish origin in- Matthews Church for a memorial with the casualties, on September 9 to block what they increased American investment property damage by 160/o. walking tour of New mass. The crowd was addressed and loss of creased say are dangerous and illegal NYC-A could help to bring about by Hortense Allende, the widow change. civilian control that might be The median income for men plans for expanding two major York's radical history sponsored The South African government caused by income in 1975 was Freespace Alternate U; of Chilean president Salvador: a serious accident at who received nuclear waste storage sites. by has also made hay out of a recent Allende; Mrs. Letelier; Michael one of the nation's 58 nuclear $8,850; for women -$3,390. The Energy Research and De- starting from 339 Lafayette St., trade agreemént between a black- pm. Moffitt, Ronni Moffitt's husband reactors. " The survey further shows that velopment Administration Sunday, October 3, 2:30 owned Mississippi company, and 1 who was injured in the automobile For example¡ the report directs about .4o/o of US families re- (ERDA) plans call for installing 20 a white-owned South African firm. rhore in 1975. NYC-WlN Afternoons at explosion but survived; and the Environmental Protection ceived $50,000 or new tanks to store 22 million gal- Under this agreement the E.F. About 25o/o received less than Crassroots presents a "Bessie Senator Ceorge McCovern. (More Agency to cooperate with the lons of highly radioactive Young Co., which is head- Avrutis/LNS Smith Memorial." Live jazz& details of the Letelier/Moffitt Nuclear Regulatory Commission $8,000. -Raymond wastes-12 tanks at the Hanford quartered in Meridian, Mississip- poetry. Sunday, Oct.3,2 pm at r, memorial will appear in next to develop "guidelines for the atomic works near Richmond, pi, will supply a wide range of its NOBODY FOR PRES¡DENT Crassroots Bar, St. Marks Place week's WlN.) dispos.al of the dead, removal of Washington, and eight at the special "black" cosmetic skin solid wastes, carcasses between 2nd & 3rd Aves. $2.00. Over 500 people demonstrated animal During last month's Republican Savannah River plant near Aiken, '10,2 lighteners and hair straighteners and . Sunday, Oct. pm, WIN in New York on September 22 other debris . . that might National Convention in Kansas South Carolina. to the Andrew Harding Pty. Ltd. contam inate l' Afternoon s presents Spencer across from the Chilean Mission the environment. City, the manager of the Nobody The Natural Resources Defense which will market them inSouth More remote the consis- Holst, author of "Language of to the UN. than for President campaign had a Council asked in its suit that the -Newsdesk Africa. of existing Cats," at Crassroots Bar. $2.00. tent malfunctioning first-hand meeting with the Secret agency be enjoined from building "US inyestment in South Africa nuclear power plants or the leaks Service. lt wasn't exaðtly a tanks until,it gets a license from NYC-Memorial service for has grown from almost nothidg material, SOU,TH AFRICA WOOS to of stored radioactive is briefing, and the Secret Service the Nuclear Regulatory Commis- Walter Lowenfel s, Saturday, over $1.5 billion in the last 25 possibility AMERICAN PUBTIC FAVOR the of "an explosion of didn't offer protection to Nobody, sion-as required by law-and October 9, I pm, at the Com- years. While apartheid has a homemade atomic bomb," but as it has for all the other presi- until it files an environmental munity Church, 35th St. west of The South African government is intensified, the Bantustans have draft nevertheless, the report dentialcandidates. impact statement. Park Ave. trying its best to turn US public been established and thousands of deals extensively with this M..7,1976 WaN17 16WtN tu.7, 1975 l, project and should be supported work assignment in the Writ with donations and Room where she could help other encouragement. Write Richard or prisoners with their legal prob- Margaret at the Community for lems was changed by an official Creative Non-Violence, 1335 N. who ordered her reclassification \.t// Street NW, Washington, DC and assignment to a job requiring 20005. heavy physical labor. Ms. Turner has also had her mailtampered The September/October issue of with, as have other members of Rur(/rß-- Poverty Law Report includes an the Wilmington 10. lf you would article on "Female lnmates Face like to support their legal efforts Discrim ination, " by Clark for release, and get more infor- Leming, which states that there mation; write: National Wilming- are currently about 7,000 women ton 10 Defense Committee, 1330, THE EYEL¡DSOF less poetic than the Sally Carrighar/Aldo Leopold incarcerated in federal, state and MORNING Massachusetts Ave. NW, Suite Alistair Graham & Peter Beard idylls, without falling into the man vs. wilderness local prisons the United States. !n 200, Washingtön, DC 20005. A & W Visual Library / t9,95 ($10.95 in Canada) ego trip. The biologists here are studying the Twenty-six states operate workings of a tiny part of naturg, and are doing it for separate prisons for women, eight The J acksonville (Flçrida) OK, $10 is a tot for a paperback. But this one is big dubious reasons: can crocs be úsed to make money stàtes transfer female prisoners to Citizens Against the Death enough, and the photographfæproduced well for the Kenyan governme¡t? But they don't lose the other state institutions, and the Penalty has put out an excellent enough, and the content important enough to justify wider vision. Eyelids is indeed about "mingled ' A coalition of Canadian prison remaining states have segregated position paper with facts and the price. And unless is becomes the focus of a cult, destinies," for the text is concerned with the way the support groups establ ished prison areas within male statistics helpful to all those Eyelids is going to remain unknown, not be available 'arepresêntatives of Technopolis" have dealt with August 10 as "National Prison institutions. No state has more working to abolish capital punish- in libraries, so go ahead and buy or borrow a copy. crocs and with the tribes of the area, the Turkana. J ustice Day" in Canada. Repre- than one facílity for women ment. Their address is: 215 When we were the anti-war movement, we were Crocodiles are ámong the darker representatives of sentatives of the group held a prisoners. Washington St., J acksonville, criticized for not knowing whereof we spoke-we nature. Like poisonous snakes, scorpions, and 24-hour vigil and fast outside the The article continues: "Many Florida 32203. hadn't been in the war, we weren't soldiérs or Viet- vultures, it's hard to make them loveable. For me, British Columbia Penitentiary and prison facil ities recreational, namese, we weren't government. Now we aren't they more truly symbolize the wilderness: neither Oakella Prison, calling attention - The lllinois Prisoners' educational, vocational, medical, Organiza- engineers, biologists, nuclear physicists, etc. Having forgiving nor malevolent, they operate on a set of to the alarming conditions inside rel psychologic tion provides igious, al are 1 _a transportation studied wildlife biology, this is a problem for me. I imperatives which do not recognize man or his the walls and especially in the - service denied to women because of from Chicago to state want to support the "ecology" movement but the esteem of his own worth. The destinies of crocs and solitar,y confinement units, where prisons, gt:oup, potential contact with male in- offers a theatre gross ignorance of many activists offends my more men are mingled only by our works-not by the two prisoners committed suicide per the Ceorge ackson Players, mates. Eighty cent of female J to detached, "scientific" outlook. J ust as in the.60's crocs'. within the past year. While people prison . prisoners lack a full-time inform about condi- Movement people went to the sources-Viet vets, Reading the book, you aren't being lectured to. protesters vigi led.with leaf lets provides physician; 4ïo/o do not have a full- tions and raise funds, a NLF conferences, and Hanoi-so now we need more The text is humorous, adventurous, exciting. The and signs, a majority of the counseling service publishes time chaplain. Seventy per cent of and contact with professionals working in wildlife work is described vividly-hunting crocs in waist- prisoners joined the action by a paper, Prison female prisons do not have full Scenes, which management and related fields. Eyelids is written by deep murky water at night, recording the chirrups of fasting. Demonstrators also pro- carries,poetry prisoners ' recreational faci I ities. " by and a biologist hired by the Kenya Came Department to newly-hatched crocs, long hours of tedium. The il- 1, tested plans of the Canadian welcomes submissions for con- study the crocodile population in Lake Rudolf . lt is a government lustrations are the real center of the book. Peter to create two super Lureida Torres, a 26-year old sideration. Prison Scenep isfree to report of a year spent on the lake, and the reflections photography prisons Beard's is superb, and cartoo¡s, maximum which, , member of the Puerto Rican prisoners, $5.00 a year.for others. of one expert observing both nature and different etchings, and paintings by such diverse people as according to Claire Culhane of the Socialist Party, was imprisoned The address is: lllinois Prisoners' responses to it. He'is crítical of our Western Chas. Addams and Rubens make every page a joy. I Woman Prisoners' & Prisoners' for refusing to testify before a Organ izatio n, c/ o National preservation i st, Di sneyl i ke adoration of natu re. wish I could adequately review the visual impact and Family Rights Committee, will grand jury investigating Councilof 111 Black Lawyers, W. , The complete title of the book is: Eyelids of content of the book, but you'll just have to see it. place prisoners surroundings bombings which authorities at- Washington, 1915, "in Suite Chicago, Morning: The Mingled Destinies of Crocodiles and ln the last chapter, Craham finally opens up âll the even more hostile than those that tributed to a so-called Puerto lllinois 60602. Men. Craham says in the introduction: guns he has been subtly loading. already exist in our archaic and Rican lndôpendence group. Her To many people pictures here dissected brutal prison system." imprisonment represents an The August 22,1976 issue of the of The biological Íunction of the quest for knowledge crocodiles will appear as so many repellant attempt to discredit the PSP at a Parade Magazine carried a "death is to improve our ability to exploit our environment. Richard Dieter and Margaret time when the question of Puerto remarkable statement by Boston's images," and our actiyities altogether dubious. But Our knowledge of crocodiles ultimately was oÍ Loude of the Community for Rican'independence is gaining at- Police Commissioner, Robert J. scientists cannot /et susceptibilitV to imagery or potential value only to those far from Lake Rudolf Creative Non-violence plan sentiment vision . . . you not f to tention in (he United States and at DeCra¿ia, who noted that most cloud their but will ind who, Íeeling overcrowded needed more resourcesl open a in this hospitality house near the the United Nations. To help free police ofticials are not telling the book a crusade to eliminate crwdiles. On the more ideas, more space-more. , . And what would federal woman's prison at, Alder- public that there is little they can contrary, you might catch a hint of a rather wistf ul our increased knowledge, of crocodiles do for them'? 'toLureida Torres write: Cam'paigñ son, West Virginia. They þlan'to Free Lureida Torres, c/o Crãnd do about crime. Nor are they daydream in which man in hiswisdom and fthe Turkana) The incompatability of men and provide free hospitality to prison letting people in era's omnipotence grants asylum to a few crocodiles and predatory J ury Project, 853 Broadway, on "Our carnivores remains; our f indings could nól . visitors and a van to carry people dirty secret; thåt those who com- other "vermin." a[ter that. Knowledge dispe/s the evil of crocs-for prison Room 1415, New York, NY 10003. to the and from the next mit the crime which worries Eyelids reflects an approach to nature which is those who bother to acquire it-but our facts would town if they arrive by train or bus. The Wilmington 10 are scattered citizens most - violent street not change the Turkana's outlook. For them, Alderson, like most prisons, is in various North Carolina prisons crime-are, for the most part, the Rick Davis was one of the more obscure resisters of 5 crocodiles would remain evil, hostile denizens oÍ the isolated and far from the and reports of their harassment by products of poverty, unemploy- Beekman, perhaps best remembered lor getting /ãke. Neverthe/ess, no Turkana would ever attempt prisoners' homes. Rose Ciallom- authorities continue to come out. ment, broken homes, rotten edu- drunk at a meeting wìth the SierraClub and to exte¡minate crocs. They do not hate them. It takes bardo's study of the prison noted: One of them, Anne Shegpard cation, drug äddiction and scotching any chance of an earlv coalition between a civilized, cultured, overcrowded man to hate crocs, "Most women, as a matter of fact, Turner, who suffers from chronic alcoholism, and other social and the anti-war and ecology groupi. Jeffrey L. Lant last or love them, or exploit them, or exterminate serve their entire sentence hypertension, has a B-grade health economic ills about which the reviewed Zwerling's Second Best for WlN. Roy them., . it is notthat "primitive,'l simple lolk auto- without a visit from the outside rating which supposedly exémpts police can do little, if anything." Lease is a se/f-tau ght carpenter, mason, and ama- matically practice conservation. . . it is simply that world." This is a , very important her from doing any heavy work. A -Larry Gara teur naturalìst, who lìitchhikes across the country the question never aiises .lAnd lor uslthe wilder- every few years. ness becomes a magica, -:::t:::r:,:, 18 WIN Oct. Z, 1976 :ruurr:,o", I

there is evidently a scintilla of truth in Dabney's ln Heresies-Thomas goes the animal lover trips ahd flits way...Dothey stands somehow and unaccguntably.failed to "reflect Szasz about denuding assessment, it can scarcely,be said to b'è a compre- myths which result from - really believe that the poor, doomed beasts the deep sense of human compassion that he did in the "literalization of hensive look at modern America. metaphor." The belief in the reality of literalized are going to share a revelation them ?? ("will fact exhibit in his personal life." lnevitably, the high point of Dabney's book is metaphor results in the pollution of the psychological hie speak soft words unto thee? ? Willhe rnake a Dabney ought to know better. lf a publið man's Ervin's involvement in the Watergate affair; where atmosphere and "interferes with knowing" so thãt convenant with thee? ?) . . . public actions don't speak for him, then what dif- good as chairman of the Senate Select eommitteethe " . . . whole groups and civilizations lose. . . their .No, l'm to put down Audobon ference does it make if he loves his wife and is not ready garden, private and public Ervins reinforced each other sense of humor." Literalized metaphor is the "life Society yet, much less FOE, the ierra Club, or at keeping a vegetable at both of which rather than standing at odds as Dabney suggests blood of organizations;" thus " . . . today, one of our (even) Trout Unlimited. No motives-a Ervin seems to excel . Moreover, isn't it a little naive to argue this they had done throughout the man's career. leading literalized metaphors is our image of the human conceit anyways is done for the just -some proposition? Wouldn't it make more sense to believe Unfortunately, it's not much of a high point. state as a wise and father whose ministrations "doomed beasts, " ilonly for a generations. But period (if provide that the public man and the private man were more Future historians of the will feel obliged will "socialjustice" and "welfare" tor all.,' connected than Dabney suggests? After all', with they are conscientious researchers) to look at this _ Control of language is equal to control of the mind, The book to see whether it offers any insights into one of Szasz says, and the myth of mental illness rests on or ,good men such a supposition does seem reasonable. - Had Dabney taken this more cogent line, he would the most important figures in the drama, but having the "deliberate misuse of language." "The term picked up it long; Dab- 'psychoanalysis' have had to do more work than he has done, particu- it they won't bother with for is itself a strategically literalized larly in examining Ervin's life in the North Carolina ney's book hasn't a crumb of either new or metaphor" writes Szasz, "-devised and deployed they are problems of human society. lt does no good n g i legislature and the decisions he handed down from interesti nformation . to make it séem as if 'psyche' were like blood or for the Canadian government to create a national ln sum, this isn't a book that lleeds much atten- urine and could be analyzed as such." park both the Superior and Supreme Courts of the state. on Baffin lsland specifically to protect a major tion. But it might have some use nonetheless. As slaves to language "Human beings killother gyrfalcon breeding ground when the eggs laid there Admittedly, it would have been fairly dry and tedious work, and while he was doing it the national Merely becãuse the tides of history conspire to human beings. . . for metaphors," writes Szasz, who are thinned by DDT produced in New York and push prominence market for an Ervin.biography might have declined. a man to momentary national is addsthat ". . .the psychiatristbuilds a profession sprayed in Wisconsin. Nor is it f itting that activists into print, incomplete. really no reason for. subjecting the public to the and prisons on a metaphor, the neurotic seeks solace rush out to Long lsland (in their cars) to wash oil off Better, then, to rush the book As a direct result, however, the bulk of Ervin's pro- lengthy tale of his previously colorless and down- in them, and the psychotic is sentenced to them." Herring Culls-oil imported in supertankers as thin 1'evil is in a ridiculously super- right dull career, much less cause of attempting to Freud was an genius" and a "bitter and nasty as the falcons' eggs for use in activists' cars, fessional career treated ficial manner. enshrine him as a hero in the national pantheon. lt's' man" who ". . . medicalized, and thus dehumanized, Wilderness outings, and the knowledge that there' a pity, however, that most biographers of such indi- language, history, and the whole of human are still wolves and crocs support me in periods of ' What we do know is that while sitting on the (from viduals won't heed this advice. After all, think of the existence," says Szasz, who fortunately has a sense depression. Butour hope-such as it within Superior Court which he finally resigned is-is prey money they stand to make for disregarding it. of humor. our own population and environment. seemingly from ill health), Ervin was to an in- Jeffrey L. Lant According to Szasz, the heretic is one who goes Davis tensely nervous stomach and later to ulcers which -Rick were induced, so Dabney leads us to believe, be- about "unraveling myths" or literalized metaphqrs. THF FACTS A GOOD MAN: The Life of Sam J. Ervin cause he didn't like punishing people and positively OF LIFE: An Essay in Feelings, Facts He defines heresy as "believing that the brain and Fantasy should be an organ generating new truths to please Dick Dabney abhorred the death sentence. For a good- man, the Houghton Mifflin / 356 pp I912.50 pressure became too much to bear. R.D. Laing the owner instead of reproducing old falsehoods to Needless to say, in his telling of this tale, Dabney Pirttteon"gooks / $7-95 please the authorities." There will always be heresy As a result of the Watergate affair, Senator Sam . J so long as there is tension between the individual Ervin became something of a pop hero: his face ap- downplays Ervin's Presbyterian heritage and his HERESIES (He ' and the group. Heresy is " . . . being right when the t peared on t-shirts, his best country-lawyer stories constant Bible-toting. did it long before J immy Thomas Szasz t right thing to do is to be wrong" says Szasz, who has were distributed in a collection, he even did some Carter made it fashionable to do so.) How often þave' Anchor Paperback 1976 g2.gs t t an unsettling way of being right and getting away records and a gig for the Bicentennial. Scarcely a southern Presbyterians,, steeped in the¡r Calvinlstic The Facts of Life is a naive and misleading with it. Roy Lease better illustration could be found to prove the old and Knoxist beliefs, found the aqsignments of title for this "Essay in Feelings, cliche that politics makes for strange bedfellows. A pun ishments diff icult? Facts, and Fantasyl' by from R. D. Laing.'The Prologue contains an âutobio- year or two before, had these latter-day admirers It is unfortunate that Ervin suffered ulcers * graphical sketch which reeks pity I known of Ervin their comments would probably have but the real signif icance of his court years are the with self but wif delight the morbid. He tells us that he been negative to the point of anathema. And they opinions he delivered and the sentences he handed was nursed by (Lrw> quotes paragraph f a woman who was a "drunken who was re- would have been right. No wonder he chose to get down. Dabney only a or two rom slut," AFÍER|{OOl.lç generally placed by a woman who was another "drunken out of the US Senate when he did (197Ð; the getting them and merely indicates that they were 6no^ÂrloÏs fub slut." The book is crawling with quotations, and in was never going to be so good again. conservative. o, the first paragraph of the first chapter he tells us ^t Twau^ilþ .' Author Dick Dabney, a frequent contributor to lndeeÇ, Ervin's career up to the very moment of what Plato thinks and what Socrates thinks but we The Washingtonian and morerecently a novelist, Watergale was very conservative. Conservative and never find out what Laing thinks. was undoubtedly attracted tq "The Senator" undistinguished. While he was a hard worker, he 'Laing's simplistic statement of his own philosophy (nobody calls him Sam) because of this celebrity was not an imaginative one and his thinking-either judicial i is vapid and repetitious: "The main fact of life for me .a standing. Ervin's national prominence seemed likely in a legislative or setting-always reflected is love or its absence. This is a generalization for to insure a considerable market to his first the beliefs of his late-Victorian and rural American which I can think of no exception. Whether life is biographer. And so Dabney, despite the fact that he boyhoqd. Beliefs in the superiority of the Anglo- (he's worth living depends for me on whether there is love tiv{. anrvd" . disagreed (often violently) with Ervin's stands on Saxon "race" and white blood a devotee of . )Nf5 ?e,tq' in life." One hopes that when Laing love he rights, war in medicare, and Kipling), small government, states rights, private finds will civil the Vietnam, the not write about it. like and that Ervin ran in a Senate pack that included industry, and the rest. Not only is it uninspiring; ' : z?Mryi,ti.'3 most of it is downright retrograde. I haven't read this book in great detail because it is such crusty and frequently contemptible cur- ' ' frustratingly devoid of substance and meaning and ;þt mudgeons as Stennis of Mississippi and Russell of Dabney, however, is able to formulate a defense of lacks a discernable thesis. lt is one of those boóks Georgia, deçided to go ahead. such beliefs by suggesting that the country is faced which was never intended'to awaken the tayperson 6naAA 6ilç Bû^- Frankly, he should have chosen another senator. by a struggle of epic proportions between such men giVe professionals sweet dreams. As'such, the ln brief Dabney's thesis is that Ervin is a good as Ervin and the new "machine-humans" such as þut.tq . , book is¿ grandiose presentation of distilled insanity man, a Christian gentleman (who would have Nixon and the rest of the Watergate crew. Under the !^h%:;hi,tffiw) in which there are no facts, fewer feelings and plenty reporter would have ended circumstances, it's not surprising he opts for Ervin. ' thought aWashingtonran of fantasy to delight a reader +z! Wouldn't anybody? The real question, however, is who has nõ intereit in up sounding like Anthony Trollope?), with a deep serious thought. and abiding concern for humanity,'whose public whether this is the only choice we've got. Though

OcÎ.7, 1976 WIN 21 zOiry¡x Oct. z, rgzo Afric¡? Teachers of accountin g/f inance, manage- ment, or other business skills needed at adult trainin* center. Low pay for a whole experience' People's Write Õean of Studies, Mindolo Fcuinenical SUBSCRIBE Foundation, Box 1493, Kitwe, Zambia TO WIN Bulletín Positions available- New Midwest Research lnstitute seeks unself ish, socially-conscious, non- careerist, MA-PhD MOVEMENT economists, A Boord oolitical sclentists, etc. MUST be ableto get grants AND GET ôr raise funds. Semi-scholarly studies of war-peace reconversion, etc. READ Cross & Osterman "The u;It at did ir; sclt ool todW? Free il no exchange ol inuolved $$ pp 33-77 Studs Terkel Ao%learn New Professional s" , F'REE BOOK! and only 20 words in length. "Workine" oo 52s-ü2.537-540, Claudia Dreifus Otl¡erwise $2 lor every ten words. "nad¡cali¡fäðtyles." M¡dwest lnslitute, 1206 N 6th Subscribe to WIN and get 44 weeks st., 43201 . of news, comment and articles on HELP! movem€nts and individuals working PUBL¡CATIONS PRISONER SEEKS info regarding movement work Peace and Freedom thru Non- New writing contest each month. SASE for creative incarceral ion and upon release in local area; OPERANDI, Box 36-n, during violent Action-plus a free bonus for appreciated. MODUS Nonvioleni movement life's work' Brookeville, MD20729. wishe"s to make new subscribers: Your choice of two Also seeks correspondence with any movement- individuâls, Please write Bob Cook, Box fascinating books. PUBLIC NOTICE oriented 3000, #2913, Drumheller, Alberta, Canada. In The Recantation of Galileo POETRY READING FOR KIM CHI HA with Dan THE 1977 PEACE CATENDAR requestíng Galiþ¡, Eric Bentley portrays Galileo Berrigan, Joel Oppenheimer, Crace Schulman, Jan These prisoners have written to WIN hoping you can give as a spoiled darling of the establishment Barry, Muriel Rukeyser, Ko Won, Malcolm Bovd, contaci with the "outside," Bill Erhart, Naomi Lazard, Richard Spiegel. thàm more than a cell and a nùmber. Some of them AND APPOINTMENT BOOK until he fails to convince his con- politically Oct. 15-17, at Sunflower Farm, Lawrence, Michi- are in "the hole;" manyofthem are the Take a few temporaries of his view of is fair price. For cletails, call (607)273-0535. aware, allof them are WIN readers Universe. Only then does he rebel, suppoit Kim and the other political prisoners of m¡nutes-wr¡te to a prisoner' Dr' Dennis Boutin, Walter Price, lreface Ay Grace Paley becoming a social and scientific Sor¡th Korea. 97931. 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LOVEJOY'S NUCLEAR wAÈ is a f ¡lm'abotit tne Donnelly, Box271-W, Newvernon, NJ 07976. and nuclear Whet they seid ¡bout c¡rllcr C¡lcnd¡rs: noted. send an attractive gift card to the citizen. our environment, the law for social change are mwer. " . . . a hearten¡ng and lhoughtf ul f ilm lt's a recipient in your name if You wish. AND TOIE.BACS CUSTOM-PRINTED , T-SHIRTS i¡lm to wake up the couniry.". . Cærge Wald, each, four for each. ldeal for holiday by movement-oriented silkscreen printer' Cet your Nobel Scientisi. Available for rental or sale from Rcp. Ronrtd Dettums-The Peace Calendar Only $3 $11; add¡tionalcopies $2.75 message across in a unique way, Reasonable rates. Creen Mounta¡n Post Films, Box-177, Montague, will have a place on the desk of my Congres- gift givingl Kip Shaw, Meredith, New York'13805 MA 01351. sional office. Enclosed is $- for lrã'ãiiøå"å ¿" wrlv;ì $ll p"' NONCOMPETITIVE GAMES for children and KITTENS- Beautif ul and free for the asking. H. 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I WAR RES¡STERS IEAGUE / 339 TATAYETTE STREET / NEW YORK NY 10012 I ordered) I EMPLOYMENI OPPORTUN¡TtES Denlel Ellsberg-The Calendar will introduce I you and your triends to a commun¡ty of re- I E Recantation of Galileo Galilei Positlon available-The AFSC Peace Education and I enclose, for .. .. . 1977 PEACE CATENDAR$ et $3 each s¡stance, a I , by Eric Bentley Action Program is beginning a two- to three-yeår commítted to nonviolent change, disarmament issues campaign in the Creater New Getting Back community that can make it easier for you- I (SPECIAI: four for $11; additional cop¡es, $2.75 e¡ch) E Winning Hearts and Minds, York area and is looking Íor ã person to coordinate as it has for me-to carry out the prescription I this campaign. 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Will coordinate nat'l ever¡vhere, who are strug- our region md Dwight Mecdon¡ld-These peace Calendars I zip: agribusiness taskforce, develop campa¡gn; g¡ing to get back their lives' irñplement interim activ¡ty at nat'1, local level; have become an annual literary event, I my address partic¡pate Use and additional sheet of paPer develop resource and production work; SrbscriptÍorrs: $6 for 6 issues; dample 50Ç I - in gen. off. admin., esp. fundraising. Long hours, fmm: North Country Anvil, Box 3?'Millville, Muriel. Rukeyrer-Here is a gift that can last gift - I for subscriptions. subsistence pay. Rick Boardman, CALC, 235 E. Mi¡nesota 5595?. long after thè date pages havã been torn out; Zip 49th, NYC 10017. the. kind of-gift thai cin bp kept and valued, I WIN with a special remembrance, the friends I available- MOVEME NT BOOKKEE Pl NC by Floor Position . 503 Atlantic Ave.-Sth in NYC. Exp. person \,vho receivé ¡t. I NY f at Clergv and Laity Concerned Brooklyn, fzÛ who cañ stay off creditors, balance books, work out AÑVÏL payroll, etc., inc. dealing with IRS and USPO. Long hours, low salary. CALC, 235 E. 49th, NYC 10017. Oct.7, 23 22WlN Oct.7, 1976 d !ä I rl

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