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BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA A. Adobe Animate Adobe Animate (Pengembangan Dari Adobe Flash) Merupakan Program Pembuatan Multimedia Da

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BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA A. Adobe Animate Adobe Animate (Pengembangan Dari Adobe Flash) Merupakan Program Pembuatan Multimedia Da BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA A. Adobe Animate Adobe animate (pengembangan dari adobe flash) merupakan program pembuatan multimedia dan animasi komputer yang dikembangkan oleh Adobe Systems. Animasi dapat digunakan untuk merancang grafik dan animasi vektor, dan mempublikasikannya untuk program televisi, video online, situs web, aplikasi web, aplikasi internet yang kaya, dan permainan video. Program ini juga menawarkan dukungan untuk raster graphics, rich text, audio dan video embedding, dan ActionScript scripting. Animasi dapat dipublikasikan untuk animasi HTML5, WebGL, Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) dan sprite, dan format Flash Player sebelumnya (SWF) dan Adobe AIR. B. Action Script Action Script adalah bahasa pemrograman berorientasi objek yang awalnya dikembangkan oleh Macromedia Inc. (kemudian diakuisisi oleh Adobe Systems). Ini adalah turunan dari HyperTalk, bahasa scripting untuk HyperCard. Ini sekarang adalah dialek ECMAScript (yang berarti superset dari sintaks dan semantik bahasa lebih dikenal sebagai JavaScript), meskipun awalnya muncul sebagai saudara kandung, keduanya dipengaruhi oleh HyperTalk. Action Script digunakan terutama untuk pengembangan situs web dan perangkat lunak yang menargetkan platform Adobe Flash Player, yang digunakan pada halaman Web dalam bentuk file SWF yang disematkan. 4 Bacillus War Action..., Tabah Setya Budi Hutama, Fakultas Teknik dan Sains UMP, 2019 Action Script 3 juga digunakan dengan sistem Adobe AIR untuk pengembangan aplikasi desktop dan seluler. Bahasa itu sendiri adalah open- source yang spesifikasinya ditawarkan secara gratis dan kedua kompiler open source (sebagai bagian dari Apache Flex) dan mesin virtual open source (Mozilla Tamarin) tersedia. ActionScript juga digunakan dengan Scaleform GFx untuk pengembangan antarmuka pengguna 3D video game dan HUDs. C. Android Android adalah sebuah sistem operasi untuk perangkat mobile berbasis linux yang mencakup system operasi, middleware, dan aplikasi. Android menyediakan platform terbuka bagi para pengembang untuk menciptakan aplikasi mereka. Awalnya, Google Inc membeli Android Inc yang merupakan pendatang baru yang membuat piranti lunak untuk ponsel / smartphone (Safaat, 2012). Android merupakan system operasi open source dan Google merilis kodenya dibawah lisensi apache. Kode open source dan lisensi pada android memungkinkan perangkat lunak untuk dimodifikasi secara bebas dan didistribusikan oleh para pengembang perangkat, operator nirkable, dan pengembang aplikasi. D. Android SDK (Software Development Kit) Android SDK adalah tools API (Aplication Programming Interface) yang diperlukan untuk mulai pengembangan aplikasi pada platform android menggunakan Bahasa pemrograman Java (Safaat,2012). Android merupakan subset perangkat lunak untuk ponsel yang meliputi system operasi, middleware, dan aplikasi kunci yang dirilis oleh Goole. Saat ini disediakan 5 Bacillus War Action..., Tabah Setya Budi Hutama, Fakultas Teknik dan Sains UMP, 2019 android SDK (Software Development Kit) sebagai alat bantu dan API untuk mulai mengembangkan aplikasi pada platform android. E. Touch Screen Teknologi layar sentuh adalah visual elektronik tampilan yang dapat mendeteksi keberadaan dan lokasi sentuhan dalam area tampilan. Istilah umumnya mengacu menyentuh layar perangkat dengan jari atau tangan. Layar sentuh juga dapat merasakan lainnya benda pasif seperti stylus. Layar sentuh umum di perangkat seperti komputer all-in-one, komputer tablet dan smart phone. Tampilan tersebut dapat dilampirkan ke komputer atau ke jaringan sebagai terminal. Mereka juga memainkan peran yang menonjol peran dalam desain peralatan digital seperti Asisten Digital Pribadi (PDA), satelit perangkat navigasi, telepon seluler dan video pertandingan. Dua atribut utama teknologi layar sentuh adalah : a. Memungkinkan seseorang untuk berinteraksi langsung dengan apa yang ditampilkan di layar tanpa menggunakan mouse atau touchpad. b. Memungkinkan seseorang untuk melakukan interaksi tanpa memerlukan perangkat perantara apapun. Sampai saat ini, sebagian besar layar sentuh konsumen bisa hanya rasakan satu titik kontak pada satu waktu, dan sedikit memiliki kemampuan untuk merasakan betapa sulitnya itu sentuhan. Teknologi layar sentuh pertama adalah kapasitif layar sentuh yang dikembangkan oleh E.A. Johnson di Pendirian ROYAL RADAR, Malvern, U.K. 6 Bacillus War Action..., Tabah Setya Budi Hutama, Fakultas Teknik dan Sains UMP, 2019 F. Sketsa Sketsa adalah aplikasi Sketsa resmi dari Sony. Sketsa menghadirkan pengalaman menggambar dan edit foto yang menyenangkan bagi siapa saja yang ingin menjadi kreatif, tanpa melihat tingkat keterampilan. Jika Anda memerlukan inspirasi, komunitas Sketsa merupakan sumber seni tak terbatas bagi Anda untuk dijelajahi dan dinikmati. Anda lalu dapat menginspirasi orang lain dengan berbagi karya seni Anda, dan menjadi bagian dari komunitas. G. Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Hakikat Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Ilmu alam (bahasa Inggris: natural science; atau ilmu pengetahuan alam) adalah istilah yang digunakan yang merujuk pada rumpun ilmu di manaobyeknya adalah benda-benda alam dengan hukum-hukum yang pasti dan umum, berlaku kapan pun di mana pun,Vardiansyah dan Dani (2008). Sains merupakan produk dan proses yang tidak dapat dipisahkan. "Real Science is both product and process,inseparably Joint", Agus. S. (2003). Untuk memahami hakikat IlmuPengetahuan Alam haruslah dilandasi dengan pengertian tentang Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam yang dikemukakan oleh para ahli: 1. Kemey dalam Solihat (2006) menyatakan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam merupakan aktifitas dalam menemukan hukum-hukum alam dalam bentuk teori-teori berdasarkanfakta-fakta. 7 Bacillus War Action..., Tabah Setya Budi Hutama, Fakultas Teknik dan Sains UMP, 2019 2. Fisher dalam Solihat (2006) menyatakan bahwa Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam sebagai “body of knowledge obtained by method based upon”. 3. Chalmers dalam Solihat (2006) menyatakan bahwa Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam didasari oleh halhal yang kita lihat, dengar, raba dan lain-lain. Ilmu pengetahuan alam (IPA) atau Sains dalam arti sempit merupakan disiplin ilmu yang terdiri dari physical sciences (ilmu fisika) dan life sciences (ilmu biologi). Yang termasuk physical sciences adalah ilmu- ilmu astronomi, kimia, geologi, mineralogi, meteorologi dan fisika, sedangkan life science meliputi anatomi, fisiologi, zoologi, citologi, embriologi, mikrobiologi. (Wikipedia Indonesia, 2012) Sebagaimana yang dikemukakan oleh Powler dalam Wina-putra (1992) bahwa Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam merupakan ilmu yang berhubungan dengan gejala- gejala alam dan kebendaan yang sistematis yang tersusun secara teratur, berlaku umum yang berupa kumpulan dari hasil obervasi dan eksperimen. H. Game 1. Sejarah Game Dalam buku yang berjudul “Optimalkan Potensi Anak Dengan Game” yang ditulis oleh Al. Menurut Tridhonanto (2011) dijelaskan bahwa game sebenarnya sudah ditemukan sejak tiga dasawarsa lalu, kemunculannya pertama kali atas prakarsa Steven Russel dalam proyeknya yang bernama Computer Games pada tahun 1962 dengan produk andalannya bernama Star Wars. Delapan tahun kemudian, 8 Bacillus War Action..., Tabah Setya Budi Hutama, Fakultas Teknik dan Sains UMP, 2019 sekitar tahun 1970-an muncul game yang cukup terkenal dikalangan gamers saat itu, namanya game Pong dengan sistem disket atau catridge. Setelah itu pada tahun 1980- an muncul game yang cukup populer dengan basis teknologi IBM PC yakni game Pacman. Hingga sekarang game ini juga masih populer dikalangan gamers dimana Pacman ini memakan semua item, dimana diantara item tersebut terdapat item penambah tenaga yang dapat digunakan untuk memakan hantu yang selalu menghalanginya. Pada tahun 1993 tercipta yang juga tidak kalah populer dengan Pacman yaitu game Mortal Combat. Game ini mengusung Genre aksi dimana dua karakter akan saling beradu jurus dan ilmu untuk saling menjatuhkan. Lima tahun kemudian muncul game doom dengan desain yang lebih canggih karena teknologinya telah menggunakan basis 3d tetapi sederhana dan sistem suara yang masih terbatas. Dalam hal lain belum lagi ditambah tampilan gambar game dengan tekstur dan model yang bervariasi, lebih berwarna, nyata, dan menarik. Jika game yang dimiliki dilengkapi dengan fasilitas 3d maka hasilnya akan sangat mirip dengan kondisi nyata. Hal itu karena didukung dengan teknologi CG (Computer Graphics). Di lihat dari segi komoditas game dari tahun 1990-an sampai tahun 2000-an sangatlah berbeda. Pada tahun 1990-an game dianggap sebagai komoditas bagi anak- anak sedangkan pada era tahun 2000-an game sudah melampaui berbagai bidang seperti hiburan bagi semua kalangan, bisnis, simulasi, 9 Bacillus War Action..., Tabah Setya Budi Hutama, Fakultas Teknik dan Sains UMP, 2019 edukasi, dan juga pembelajarn virtual. Perputaran uang dalam industry game juga sangat besar dan pertumbuhannya sangat pesat. 2. Pengertian Game Dalam bahasa Indonesia game diartikan sebagai permainan. Permainan adalah kegiatan kompleks yang didalamnya terdapat peraturan, play dan budaya. Sebuah permainan adalah sistem dimana pemain terlibat konflik buatan, disini pemain berinteraksi dengan sistem dan konflik dalam permainan merupakan rekayasa atau buatan (Lestari, D. 2012). 3. Genre Game Dalam buku yang berjudul “Langkah Mudah Membuat Game 3d” yang ditulis oleh Ivan C. Sibero (2009) dijelaskan bahwa Genre game adalah klasifikasi game yang didasari interaksi pemainnya. Visualisasi juga menjadi ukuran klasifikasi Genre ini. Namun untuk beberapa kasus pengembang game membuat kompilasi antar berbagai Genre ini. Tentu saja variasi format game lebih banyak. Berdasarkan Genre-nya,
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