Quantifying the Infectiousness of Post-Kala-Azar Dermal
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Vectorborne Transmission of Leishmania Infantum from Hounds, United States
Vectorborne Transmission of Leishmania infantum from Hounds, United States Robert G. Schaut, Maricela Robles-Murguia, and Missouri (total range 21 states) (12). During 2010–2013, Rachel Juelsgaard, Kevin J. Esch, we assessed whether L. infantum circulating among hunting Lyric C. Bartholomay, Marcelo Ramalho-Ortigao, dogs in the United States can fully develop within sandflies Christine A. Petersen and be transmitted to a susceptible vertebrate host. Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease caused by predomi- The Study nantly vectorborne Leishmania spp. In the United States, A total of 300 laboratory-reared female Lu. longipalpis canine visceral leishmaniasis is common among hounds, sandflies were allowed to feed on 2 hounds naturally in- and L. infantum vertical transmission among hounds has been confirmed. We found thatL. infantum from hounds re- fected with L. infantum, strain MCAN/US/2001/FOXY- mains infective in sandflies, underscoring the risk for human MO1 or a closely related strain. During 2007–2011, the exposure by vectorborne transmission. hounds had been tested for infection with Leishmania spp. by ELISA, PCR, and Dual Path Platform Test (Chembio Diagnostic Systems, Inc. Medford, NY, USA (Table 1). L. eishmaniasis is endemic to 98 countries (1). Canids are infantum development in these sandflies was assessed by Lthe reservoir for zoonotic human visceral leishmani- dissecting flies starting at 72 hours after feeding and every asis (VL) (2), and canine VL was detected in the United other day thereafter. Migration and attachment of parasites States in 1980 (3). Subsequent investigation demonstrated to the stomodeal valve of the sandfly and formation of a that many US hounds were infected with Leishmania infan- gel-like plug were evident at 10 days after feeding (Figure tum (4). -
Regulatory Mechanisms of Leishmania Aquaglyceroporin AQP1 Mansi Sharma Florida International University, [email protected]
Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 11-6-2015 Regulatory mechanisms of Leishmania Aquaglyceroporin AQP1 Mansi Sharma Florida International University, [email protected] DOI: 10.25148/etd.FIDC000197 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Part of the Parasitology Commons Recommended Citation Sharma, Mansi, "Regulatory mechanisms of Leishmania Aquaglyceroporin AQP1" (2015). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 2300. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2300 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida REGULATORY MECHANISMS OF LEISHMANIA AQUAGLYCEROPORIN AQP1 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in BIOLOGY by Mansi Sharma 2015 To: Dean Michael R. Heithaus College of Arts and Sciences This dissertation, written by Mansi Sharma, and entitled, Regulatory Mechanisms of Leishmania Aquaglyceroporin AQP1, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. We have read this dissertation and recommend that it be approved. _______________________________________ Lidia Kos _____________________________________ Kathleen -
A Multifaceted Approach to Combating Leishmaniasis, a Neglected Tropical Disease
OLD TARGETS AND NEW BEGINNINGS: A MULTIFACETED APPROACH TO COMBATING LEISHMANIASIS, A NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy from the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Adam Joseph Yakovich, B.S. ***** The Ohio State University 2007 Dissertation Committee: Karl A Werbovetz, Ph.D., Advisor Approved by Pui-Kai Li, Ph.D. Werner Tjarks, Ph.D. ___________________ Ching-Shih Chen, Ph.D Advisor Graduate Program In Pharmacy ABSTRACT Leishmaniasis, a broad spectrum of disease which is caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania , currently affects 12 million people in 88 countries worldwide. There are over 2 million of new cases of leishmaniasis occurring annually. Clinical manifestations of leishmaniasis range from potentially disfiguring cutaneous leishmaniasis to the most severe manifestation, visceral leishmaniasis, which attacks the reticuloendothelial system and has a fatality rate near 100% if left untreated. All currently available therapies all suffer from drawbacks including expense, route of administration and developing resistance. In the laboratory of Dr. Karl Werbovetz our primary goal is the identification and development of an inexpensive, orally available antileishmanial chemotherapeutic agent. Previous efforts in the lab have identified a series of dinitroaniline compounds which have promising in vitro activity in inhibiting the growth of Leishmania parasites. It has since been discovered that these compounds exert their antileishmanial effects by binding to tubulin and inhibiting polymerization. Remarkably, although mammalian and Leishmania tubulins are ~84 % identical, the dinitroaniline compounds show no effect on mammalian tubulin at concentrations greater than 10-fold the IC 50 value determined for inhibiting Leishmania tubulin ii polymerization. -
Survey of Antibodies to Trypanosoma Cruzi and Leishmania Spp. in Gray and Red Fox Populations from North Carolina and Virginia Author(S): Alexa C
Survey of Antibodies to Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. in Gray and Red Fox Populations From North Carolina and Virginia Author(s): Alexa C. Rosypal , Shanesha Tripp , Samantha Lewis , Joy Francis , Michael K. Stoskopf , R. Scott Larsen , and David S. Lindsay Source: Journal of Parasitology, 96(6):1230-1231. 2010. Published By: American Society of Parasitologists DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/GE-2600.1 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1645/GE-2600.1 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. J. Parasitol., 96(6), 2010, pp. 1230–1231 F American Society of Parasitologists 2010 Survey of Antibodies to Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. in Gray and Red Fox Populations From North Carolina and Virginia Alexa C. Rosypal, Shanesha Tripp, Samantha Lewis, Joy Francis, Michael K. Stoskopf*, R. Scott Larsen*, and David S. -
Leishmaniasis in the United States: Emerging Issues in a Region of Low Endemicity
microorganisms Review Leishmaniasis in the United States: Emerging Issues in a Region of Low Endemicity John M. Curtin 1,2,* and Naomi E. Aronson 2 1 Infectious Diseases Service, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA 2 Infectious Diseases Division, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-011-301-295-6400 Abstract: Leishmaniasis, a chronic and persistent intracellular protozoal infection caused by many different species within the genus Leishmania, is an unfamiliar disease to most North American providers. Clinical presentations may include asymptomatic and symptomatic visceral leishmaniasis (so-called Kala-azar), as well as cutaneous or mucosal disease. Although cutaneous leishmaniasis (caused by Leishmania mexicana in the United States) is endemic in some southwest states, other causes for concern include reactivation of imported visceral leishmaniasis remotely in time from the initial infection, and the possible long-term complications of chronic inflammation from asymptomatic infection. Climate change, the identification of competent vectors and reservoirs, a highly mobile populace, significant population groups with proven exposure history, HIV, and widespread use of immunosuppressive medications and organ transplant all create the potential for increased frequency of leishmaniasis in the U.S. Together, these factors could contribute to leishmaniasis emerging as a health threat in the U.S., including the possibility of sustained autochthonous spread of newly introduced visceral disease. We summarize recent data examining the epidemiology and major risk factors for acquisition of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, with a special focus on Citation: Curtin, J.M.; Aronson, N.E. -
Leishmania Major Is Not Altered by in Vitro Exposure to 2,3,7,8‑Tetrachlorodibenzo‑P‑Dioxin Vera Sazhnev and Gregory K
Sazhnev and DeKrey BMC Res Notes (2018) 11:642 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-018-3759-x BMC Research Notes RESEARCH NOTE Open Access The growth and infectivity of Leishmania major is not altered by in vitro exposure to 2,3,7,8‑tetrachlorodibenzo‑p‑dioxin Vera Sazhnev and Gregory K. DeKrey* Abstract Objective: The numbers of Leishmania major parasites in foot lesions of C57Bl/6, BALB/c or SCID mice can be signif- cantly reduced by pre-exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). One potential mechanism to explain this enhanced resistance to infection is that TCDD is directly toxic to L. major. This potential mechanism was addressed by exposing L. major promastigotes and amastigotes to TCDD in vitro and examining their subsequent proliferation and infectivity. Results: We found no signifcant change in the rate of in vitro L. major proliferation (promastigotes or amastigotes) after TCDD exposure at concentrations up to 100 nM. Moreover, in vitro TCDD exposure did not signifcantly alter the ability of L. major to infect mice, trigger lesion formation, or survive in those lesions. Keywords: Leishmania major, Dioxin, TCDD, Proliferation, Infectivity Introduction Previous studies in this laboratory have found that the Approximately one million new cases of leishmaniasis numbers of L. major parasites in foot lesions of C57Bl/6, occur each year worldwide [1, 2]. Of the various forms, BALB/c or SCID mice can be signifcantly reduced by cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most common, and vis- exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) ceral leishmaniasis is the most deadly. -
Drugs for Amebiais, Giardiasis, Trichomoniasis & Leishmaniasis
Antiprotozoal drugs Drugs for amebiasis, giardiasis, trichomoniasis & leishmaniasis Edited by: H. Mirkhani, Pharm D, Ph D Dept. Pharmacology Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Contents Amebiasis, giardiasis and trichomoniasis ........................................................................................................... 2 Metronidazole ..................................................................................................................................................... 2 Iodoquinol ........................................................................................................................................................... 2 Paromomycin ...................................................................................................................................................... 3 Mechanism of Action ...................................................................................................................................... 3 Antimicrobial effects; therapeutics uses ......................................................................................................... 3 Leishmaniasis ...................................................................................................................................................... 4 Antimonial agents ............................................................................................................................................... 5 Mechanism of action and drug resistance ...................................................................................................... -
Visceral Leishmaniasis: a Global Overview
J Glob Health Sci. 2020 Jun;2(1):e3 https://doi.org/10.35500/jghs.2020.2.e3 pISSN 2671-6925·eISSN 2671-6933 Review Article Visceral leishmaniasis: a global overview Richard G. Wamai ,1 Jorja Kahn ,2 Jamie McGloin ,3 Galen Ziaggi 3 1Department of Cultures, Societies and Global Studies, Northeastern University, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Integrated Initiative for Global Health, Boston, MA, USA 2Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Northeastern University, College of Science, Boston, MA, USA 3Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Bouvé College of Health Science, Boston, MA, USA Received: Feb 1, 2020 ABSTRACT Accepted: Mar 14, 2020 Correspondence to The leishmaniases are protozoan infections that are among the neglected tropical diseases Richard G. Wamai (NTDs). Over one billion people are at risk of these diseases in virtually all continents. Department of Cultures, Societies and Global These diseases debilitate large numbers of people, keeping them from full, productive lives. Studies, Northeastern University, College of Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the most severe form of these diseases, killing more people Social Sciences and Humanities, Integrated Initiative for Global Health, 360 Huntington than any other parasitic disease except malaria. About 90% of the global burden for VL is Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA. found in just 7 countries, 4 of which are in Eastern Africa (Sudan, South Sudan, Ethiopia E-mail: [email protected] and Kenya), 2 in Southeast Asia (India, Bangladesh) and Brazil, which carries nearly all of cases in South America. In 2005 the World Health Organization launched a strategy to © 2020 Korean Society of Global Health. -
Identification of Leishmania Donovani Inhibitors from Pathogen Box Compounds of Medicine for Malaria Venture
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/716134; this version posted July 26, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Identification of Leishmania donovani inhibitors from pathogen box compounds of Medicine for Malaria Venture Markos Tadele1¶, Solomon M. Abay2¶*, Eyasu Makonnen2,4, Asrat Hailu3 1 Ethiopian institute of agricultural research, Animal health research program, Holetta, Ethiopia 2Department of Pharmacology and clinical pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 3Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 4Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University * Corresponding author Email: [email protected], [email protected] ¶ These authors contributed equally to this work. Author Contributions Conceptualization and design the experiment: MT, SMA, EM, AH Investigation: MT, SMA, AH Data analysis: MT, SMA Funding acquisition and reagents contribution: SMA, AH Supervision: SMA, EM, AH Writing – original draft: MT Writing – review & editing: MT, SMA, EM, AH 1 | P a g e bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/716134; this version posted July 26, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. -
Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Visceral Leishmaniasis in South Sudan
Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of visceral leishmaniasis in South Sudan Acromyns DAT Direct agglutination test FDA Freeze – dried antigen IM Intramuscular IV Intravenous KA Kala–azar ME Mercaptoethanol ORS Oral rehydration salt PKDL Post kala–azar dermal leishmaniasis RBC Red blood cells RDT Rapid diagnostic test RR Respiratory rate SSG Sodium stibogluconate TFC Therapeutic feeding centre TOC Test of cure VL Visceral leishmaniasis WBC White blood cells WHO World Health Organization Table of contents Acronyms ...................................................................................................................................... 2 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................... 4 Foreword ...................................................................................................................................... 5 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Background information ............................................................................................... 7 1.2 Lifecycle and transmission patterns ............................................................................. 7 1.3 Human infection and disease ....................................................................................... 8 2. Diagnosis .............................................................................................................................. -
Leishmania Infantum in US-Born Dog Marcos E
DISPATCHES Leishmania infantum in US-Born Dog Marcos E. de Almeida, Dennis R. Spann, Richard S. Bradbury Leishmaniasis is a vectorborne disease that can infect (8,9). However, in areas to which Can-VL is endemic, humans, dogs, and other mammals. We identified one of attempts to control and prevent Can-VL using contro- its causative agents, Leishmania infantum, in a dog born versial procedures, including culling infected dogs, in California, USA, demonstrating potential for autochtho- have failed to reduce the spread of human VL cases nous infections in this country. Our finding bolsters the (6,7). In North America, most cases of leishmaniasis need for improved leishmaniasis screening practices in are acquired during travel or military service in areas the United States. to which the disease is endemic. However, leishmani- asis can also be transmitted within the United States. eishmaniasis is a tropical and subtropical zoono- Sylvatic reservoir animals and sand flies, including Lsis affecting 0.9–1.6 million persons every year. Lutzomyia shannoni, L. longipalpis, L. anthophora, and L. Its manifestations range from self-healing cutaneous diabolica, are endemic to many US states (2). Outbreaks lesions to severe visceral leishmaniasis (VL) forms and isolated cases of autochthonous Can-VL affecting that can be fatal (1,2). In the Americas, VL is usu- foxhounds and other breeds have been reported over ally caused by Leishmania infantum parasites, which the past 2 decades in the United States and Canada several species of blood-feeding sand fly vectors can (2,3,10). In addition, our laboratory identified a strain transmit to humans and other reservoirs. -
Inoculation of the Leishmania Infantum HSP70-II Null Mutant Induces Long-Term Protection Against L
microorganisms Article Inoculation of the Leishmania infantum HSP70-II Null Mutant Induces Long-Term Protection against L. amazonensis Infection in BALB/c Mice Manuel Soto 1,*, Laura Ramírez 1, José Carlos Solana 1,2 , Emma C. L. Cook 3 , Elena Hernández-García 3 , José María Requena 1 and Salvador Iborra 3,* 1 Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] (L.R.); [email protected] (J.C.S.); [email protected] (J.M.R.) 2 WHO Collaborating Centre for Leishmaniasis, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain 3 Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine and 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] (E.C.L.C.); [email protected] (E.H.-G.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (S.I.); Tel.: +34-91-196-4647 (M.S.); +34-91-394-7220 (S.I.) Abstract: Leishmania amazonensis parasites are etiological agents of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the New World. BALB/c mice are highly susceptible to L. amazonensis challenge due to their inability to mount parasite-dependent IFN-γ-mediated responses. Here, we analyzed the capacity of a single Citation: Soto, M.; Ramírez, L.; administration of the LiDHSP70-II genetically-modified attenuated L. infantum line in preventing Solana, J.C.; Cook, E.C.L.; Hernández- cutaneous leishmaniasis in mice challenged with L. amazonensis virulent parasites. In previous studies, García, E.; Requena, J.M.; Iborra, S.