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Adam, the Fall, and Original Sin Baker Academic, a Division of Baker Publishing Group, © 2014
Adam, the Fall, and Original Sin Theological, Biblical, and Scientific Perspectives EDITED BY Hans Madueme and Michael Reeves k Hans Madueme and Michael Reeves, Adam, The Fall, and Original Sin Baker Academic, a division of Baker Publishing Group, © 2014. Used by permission. (Unpublished manuscript—copyright protected Baker Publishing Group) MaduemeReeves_Adam_LC_wo.indd iii 9/17/14 7:47 AM © 2014 by Hans Madueme and Michael Reeves Published by Baker Academic a division of Baker Publishing Group P.O. Box 6287, Grand Rapids, MI 49516-6287 www.bakeracademic.com Printed in the United States of America All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—for example, electronic, photocopy, recording—without the prior written permission of the publisher. The only exception is brief quotations in printed reviews. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Adam, the fall, and original sin : theological, biblical, and scientific perspectives / Hans Madueme and Michael Reeves, editors. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8010-3992-8 (pbk.) 1. Sin, Original. 2. Adam (Biblical figure) 3. Fall of man. I. Madueme, Hans, 1975– editor. BT720.A33 2014 233 .14—dc23 2014021973 Unless otherwise indicated, Scripture quotations are from The Holy Bible, English Standard Version® (ESV®), copyright © 2001 by Crossway, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers. Used by permission. All rights reserved. ESV Text Edition: 2011 Scripture quotations labeled NASB are from the New American Standard Bible®, copyright © 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995 by The Lockman Foundation. -
Genesis, Book of 2. E
II • 933 GENESIS, BOOK OF Pharaoh's infatuation with Sarai, the defeat of the four Genesis 2:4a in the Greek translation: "This is the book of kings and the promise of descendants. There are a num the origins (geneseos) of heaven and earth." The book is ber of events which are added to, or more detailed than, called Genesis in the Septuagint, whence the name came the biblical version: Abram's dream, predicting how Sarai into the Vulgate and eventually into modern usage. In will save his life (and in which he and his wife are symbol Jewish tradition the first word of the book serves as its ized by a cedar and a palm tree); a visit by three Egyptians name, thus the book is called BeriPSit. The origin of the (one named Hirkanos) to Abram and their subsequent name is easier to ascertain than most other aspects of the report of Sarai's beauty to Pharaoh; an account of Abram's book, which will be treated under the following headings: prayer, the affliction of the Egyptians, and their subse quent healing; and a description of the land to be inher A. Text ited by Abram's descendants. Stylistically, the Apocryphon B. Sources may be described as a pseudepigraphon, since events are l. J related in the first person with the patriarchs Lamech, 2. E Noah and Abram in turn acting as narrator, though from 3. p 22.18 (MT 14:21) to the end of the published text (22.34) 4. The Promises Writer the narrative is in the third person. -
The Beginning of Salvation History
GOD’S GOOD CREATION: 1THE BEGINNING OF SALVATION HISTORY GOD’S GIFTS: CREATION and the SACRAMENTS At age fifteen, Annie Powell dreamed of having a summer camp for teens in the Colorado Rockies so that they could enjoy the beauty of her state and encounter God through creation. After she married, Annie and her husband, Scott, founded Camp Wojtyla. They named the camp after St. John Paul II, using his given name, Karol Wojtyla. As a young priest, Karol Wojtyla himself had spent a great deal of time leading teens and young adults to perceive God through hiking and skiing; he had a strong passion for inviting youth to encounter Christ through creation. Camp Wojtyla now serves middle-school and high-school teens and provides opportunities for encountering God in exploration of the natural world. During each week-long session, participants rock climb, raft, zip line, and hike through the Rockies as well as attend daily Mass and Eucharistic Adoration and have opportunities for Confession. In the evenings, campers reflect on their various outdoor and spiritual experiences, making connections with their day-to-day lives. The teens emerge with a profound sense of God’s love as experienced in creation. “Camp not only gave me a sense of courage and strength in myself, it gave me long-lasting friendships with young Catholics who want the same thing I do: a friendship with Jesus Christ. Every morning, I woke up to God’s beautiful creation, and that was enough to remind me how much he truly loves us,” one camper said at the end of the experience. -
Eve's Answer to the Serpent: an Alternative Paradigm for Sin and Some Implications in Theology
Calvin Theological Journal 33 (1998) : 399-420 Copyright © 1980 by Calvin Theological Seminary. Cited with permission. Scholia et Homiletica Eve's Answer to the Serpent: An Alternative Paradigm for Sin and Some Implications in Theology P. Wayne Townsend The woman said to the serpent, "We may eat fruit from the trees in the garden, but God did say, `You must not eat fruit from the tree that is in the middle of the garden, and you must not touch it, or you will die. "' (Gen. 3:2-3) Can we take these italicized words seriously, or must we dismiss them as the hasty additions of Eve's overactive imagination? Did God say or mean this when he instructed Adam in Genesis 2:16-17? I suggest that, not only did Eve speak accu- rately and insightfully in responding to the serpent but that her words hold a key to reevaluating the doctrine of original sin and especially the puzzles of alien guilt and the imputation of sin. In this article, I seek to reignite discussion on these top- ics by suggesting an alternative paradigm for discussing the doctrine of original sin and by applying that paradigm in a preliminary manner to various themes in the- ology, biblical interpretation, and Christian living. I seek not so much to answer questions as to evoke new ones that will jar us into a more productive path of the- ological explanation. I suggest that Eve's words indicate that the Bible structures the ideas that we recognize as original sin around the concept of uncleanness. -
Three Versions of Versions of Versions of the Book of Genesis The
Three Versions of the Book of Genesis Below are three versions of the same portion of chapter 1 of Genesis. King James Version: The Creation 1 In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. 2 And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters. 3 And God said, Let there be light: and there was light. 4 And God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided the light from the darkness. 5 And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And the evening and the morning were the first day. 6 And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters. 7 And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament: and it was so. 8 And God called the firmament Heaven. And the evening and the morning were the second day. 9 And God said, Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear: and it was so. 10 And God called the dry land Earth; and the gathering together of the waters called he Seas: and God saw that it was good. http://www.bartleby.com/108/01/1.html#1 Contemporary English VersionVersion:::: 1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. -
Notes on Numbers 202 1 Edition Dr
Notes on Numbers 202 1 Edition Dr. Thomas L. Constable TITLE The title the Jews used in their Hebrew Old Testament for this book comes from the fifth word in the book in the Hebrew text, bemidbar: "in the wilderness." This is, of course, appropriate since the Israelites spent most of the time covered in the narrative of Numbers in the wilderness. The English title "Numbers" is a translation of the Greek title Arithmoi. The Septuagint translators chose this title because of the two censuses of the Israelites that Moses recorded at the beginning (chs. 1—4) and toward the end (ch. 26) of the book. These "numberings" of the people took place at the beginning and end of the wilderness wanderings and frame the contents of Numbers. DATE AND WRITER Moses wrote Numbers (cf. Num. 1:1; 33:2; Matt. 8:4; 19:7; Luke 24:44; John 1:45; et al.). He apparently wrote it late in his life, across the Jordan from the Promised Land, on the Plains of Moab.1 Moses evidently died close to 1406 B.C., since the Exodus happened about 1446 B.C. (1 Kings 6:1), the Israelites were in the wilderness for 40 years (Num. 32:13), and he died shortly before they entered the Promised Land (Deut. 34:5). There are also a few passages that appear to have been added after Moses' time: 12:3; 21:14-15; and 32:34-42. However, it is impossible to say how much later. 1See the commentaries for fuller discussions of these subjects, e.g., Gordon J. -
The Book of Psalms “Bless the Lord, O My Soul, and Forget Not All His Benefits” (103:2)
THE BOOK OF PSALMS “BLESS THE LORD, O MY SOUL, AND FORGET NOT ALL HIS BENEFITS” (103:2) BOOK I BOOK II BOOK III BOOK IV BOOK V 41 psalms 31 psalms 17 psalms 17 psalms 44 psalms 1 41 42 72 73 89 90 106 107 150 DOXOLOGY AT THESE VERSES CONCLUDES EACH BOOK 41:13 72:18-19 89:52 106:48 150:6 JEWISH TRADITION ASCRIBES TOPICAL LIKENESS TO PENTATEUCH GENESIS EXODUS LEVITICUS NUMBERS DEUTERONOMY ────AUTHORS ──── mainly mainly (or all) DAVID mainly mainly mainly DAVID and KORAH ASAPH ANONYMOUS DAVID BOOKS II AND III ADDED MISCELLANEOUS ORIGINAL GROUP BY DURING THE REIGNS OF COLLECTIONS DAVID HEZEKIAH AND JOSIAH COMPILED IN TIMES OF EZRA AND NEHEMIAH POSSIBLE CHRONOLOGICAL STAGES IN THE GROWTH AND COLLECTION OF THE PSALTER 1 The Book of Psalms I. Book Title The word psalms comes from the Greek word psalmoi. It suggests the idea of a “praise song,” as does the Hebrew word tehillim. It is related to a Hebrew concept which means “the plucking of strings.” It means a song to be sung to the accompaniment of stringed instruments. The Psalms is a collection of worship songs sung to God by the people of Israel with musical accompaniment. The collection of these 150 psalms into one book served as the first hymnbook for God’s people, written and compiled to assist them in their worship of God. At first, because of the wide variety of these songs, this praise book was unnamed, but eventually the ancient Hebrews called it “The Book of Praises,” or simply “Praises.” This title reflects its main purpose──to assist believers in the proper worship of God. -
Genesis Study Guide the Book of Genesis Is One of the Most Important, Useful, Misunderstood and Misused Books of the Bible
!1 Genesis Study Guide The book of Genesis is one of the most important, useful, misunderstood and misused books of the bible. It is a beautiful picture of the creation of the world and God’s good plans for it, but also a stark mirror that reveals top us the deep depravity of people and the origins of sin and death. Its opening chapters provide a reference point for so much of our understanding of the world, creation, people, and the theology of the New Testament. Yet these opening chapters are barely referenced through out the Old Testament itself. The brief account offered of the creation of the universe seems to our modern viewpoint to leave so much unsaid, and yet it communicates many deep and profound truths about who we are and where we came from. It is a book well worth working our way through slowly. This term we will work through the first three chapters of Genesis, but we will also use it as a spring board into discussing various hot topics and important intersections with our current cultures outlook on the world. In week one and two we’ll look at the two overlapping accounts of creation itself before spending week three looking at Adam and Eve’s decision to sin and God’s response and how that sets up the rest of the story of Scripture. 1 Sudy 1 Genesis 1:1-2:3 Where do we come from? Were we made or are we the product of unplanned mutation over time? Do we have a purpose or a meaning to our existence? These are some of the most basic human questions that a person can ask in our modern context. -
Dispensationalism What and Why Not
Dispensationalism What and Why Not “Lutherans are unbelievers.” That is the first thought that crossed my mind when I learned they did not believe in the “rapture” or the “millennial kingdom” (the 1000 year reign of Christ on earth). Were not these teaching central to the Biblical witness and clear for everyone to see? At that moment two different theologies had collided and engaged in battle; Israel and Jesus, grappling on the shore of the Jabbok. The two theologies were “Dispensationalism” on one hand, and “Lutheranism” (“orthodoxy”, if you will) on the other. I did not yet know the names of the opponents, but I right away had a sense of the ferocity of the battle. At stake were two totally different ways of understanding the end times, the church, salvation and the purpose of history, even the very heart and character of God. So we arrive at the topic at hand: What is Dispensationalism and why is it wrong? There is perhaps no better example of confusing Law and Gospel in modern theology that the teaching of Dispensationalism. The depth of this confusion is tragically matched by the breadth of its exposure. Dispensationalism is so popular and widespread that it has become a major (if not the central) article in American Evangelical doctrine, teaching, preaching and popular piety1. Dispensationalism is not an isolated false teaching, it is an over-arching theological system; it is an eschatology (doctrine of the end times), an ecclesiology (doctrine of the church), soteriology (doctrine of salvation), a hermeneutic (approach to the Scriptures) and so forth. -
The Christian Comforter
The Christian Comforter Enoch the seventh from Adam In the book of Genesis, there are two Enoch’s; one from the line of Cain, in Genesis 4:17, and one from the line of Seth, who is the Enoch that we are concerned with here. The lineage is Adam — Seth — Enos — Cainan — Mahalaleel — Jared — Enoch. Enoch walked with God, and after 365 years God took him — he did not die. Genesis 5:23-24 And all the days of Enoch were three hundred sixty and five years: And Enoch walked with God: and he was not; for God took him. This fact is expanded upon in Hebrews chapter 11 — among those who walked in faith. Hebrews 11:5 By faith Enoch was translated that he should not see death; and was not found, because God had translated him: for before his translation he had this testimony, that he pleased God. Enoch is also found in the genealogy of Jesus. Luke 3:37 Which was the son of Mathusala, which was the son of Enoch, which was the son of Jared, which was the son of Maleleel, which was the son of Cainan. Note; above the names are spelt differently in the New Testament which was originally written in Greek. In the time of the early church fathers, the book of Enoch was widely accepted as inspired scripture by Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, Clement of Alexandria, Athenagoras, Tertullian, Origen and Lactantius. They all referenced Enoch in their own writings, probably because of Jude’s reference that it was a prophetic text. Jude 1:14-15 And Enoch also, the seventh from Adam, prophesied of these, saying, Behold, the Lord cometh with ten thousands of his saints, to execute judgment upon all, and to convince all that are ungodly among them of all their ungodly deeds which they have ungodly committed, and of all their hard speeches which ungodly sinners have spoken against him. -
Running Head: TIMES of MALACHI 1 the Times of Malachi and the Malachi Song Lynaya Doomy a Senior Thesis Submitted in Partia
Running head: TIMES OF MALACHI 1 The Times of Malachi and The Malachi Song Lynaya Doomy A Senior Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation in the Honors Program Liberty University Spring 2016 TIMES OF MALACHI 2 Acceptance of Senior Honors Thesis This Senior Honors Thesis is accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation from the Honors Program of Liberty University. ______________________________ David K. Schmal, D.M.A. Thesis Chair ______________________________ David M. Hahn, D.M.A. Committee Member ______________________________ Lynnda S. Beavers, Ph. D. Committee Member ______________________________ James H. Nutter, D. A. Honors Director ______________________________ Date TIMES OF MALACHI 3 Abstract Malachi is an Old Testament book addressing Israel’s struggles with discontentment and complacent worship, issues that are strikingly similar to those in the church today. Israel had returned to their sacred land but had left their sacred ways behind. The heart for God had perhaps been left in captivity. Selfishness and disappointment reigned, as the nation felt oddly deflated by God’s lack of a “proper response” to their desires, while they simultaneously flaunted their disobedience to God’s laws. The main sins addressed by Malachi were: the corruption of worship and offerings, the rampant sin of divorce, marriage to foreign women, and the attitude of complacency toward these sins. Half-hearted offerings, self-serving choices, and an absolute denial of their sinful state calls to mind the heart of the modern church today. Malachi delivers a rally cry that rings throughout the ages and should batter the doors of our hearts and churches today, as much as it was intended to in the times of this God-sent messenger. -
To View Tony's Notes on Numbers
Notes on Numbers for Bible Love Podcast, June 3, 2021 Tony Hopkins As a blessing to the listeners—and a reminder that you may know about Numbers than you realize: The LORD bless you and keep you;/ the LORD make his face to shine upon you, and be gracious to you;/ the LORD lift up his countenance upon you, and give you peace. (Num 6:24-26) Name of the book is from LXX, based on census lists in chs 1 and 26—in MT, name is “In the Wilderness” Picks up narrative from Exodus: in Exodus, the Hebrews travel from Egypt to Mt. Sinai; in Numbers, they travel from Sinai to Moab, where they are just across the Jordan River from the Promised Land, specifically from the city of Jericho. The book is easy to outline: 10 chapters at Sinai, 11 chapters in the wilderness, and the rest of the book on the plains of Moab. Literarily, Exodus is almost entirely narrative, and Leviticus is almost entirely prescription; Numbers is roughly half and half (with prescription including lists, instruction, and legal material) The most concise way I know to summarize Numbers is: Land, Law, and God 1. The plot of Numbers is driven forward by the journey to the Promised Land. This journey picks up where Exodus left off. Both the land and the people also harken back to Genesis and the covenant with Abraham: the two things God promises Abraham are a land and descendants to occupy it—the book of Numbers is about those descendants journeying toward that Land.