Critical Issues in Art History (324)
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The Strzygowski School of Cluj. an Episode in Interwar Romanian Cultural Politics
The Strzygowski school of Cluj. An episode in interwar Romanian cultural politics Matthew Rampley Introduction: the legacy of Josef Strzygowski It has become increasingly evident that perhaps the most influential Viennese art historian of the interwar period was Josef Strzygowski. Although a decisive figure, whose appointment as Ordinarius in 1909 led factional rivalries and an institutional split, Strzygowski’s work achieved a far greater audience than his contemporaries. This was particularly the case in central Europe, where his work was adopted as a model in territories as disparate as Estonia and Yugoslavia. In part his influence was due to his sheer industriousness and the volume of his output, both in terms of research publications and students. Between 1909, when he took up his appointment at the Institute in Vienna, and 1932, when he retired, nearly 90 students graduated under his tutelage; this compares with 13 under Thausing and 51 under Riegl and Wickhoff combined. As one subsequent commentator has noted: ‘Looking back at Strzygowski’s career with the hindsight conferred by time, the most striking impression is that he was never still, perpetually buzzing around like a fly in a jam jar.’1 The range of subjects his students wrote on was bewilderingly diverse, and covered topics as diverse as Arnold Böcklin, murals in Turkestan, Iranian decorative art, domestic architecture in seventeenth-century Sweden, Polish Romanesque architecture and the sculpture of Gandhara.2 Many of Strzygowski’s students would go on to become prominent members of the art historical profession across central Europe, such as the Slovene Vojslav Molè (1886-1973), who would play an important role at the University of Cracow, Stella Kramrisch (1896-1993), Emmy Wellesz (1889-1987), Virgil Vătăşianu (1902-1993), a leading art historian in Romania, Otto Demus (1902-1990) and Fritz Novotny (1903-1983). -
The Construction of National Identity in the Historiography of Czech Art
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Enlighten: Theses THE CONSTRUCTION OF NATIONAL IDENTITY IN THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF CZECH ART MARTA FILIPOVÁ A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF THE HISTORY OF ART August 2008 © Marta Filipová 2008 Abstract National identity can be expressed in many ways by individuals, groups and states. Since the nineteenth century, Central Europe has been undergoing rapid changes in the political, social and cultural spheres, which was reflected in the self-definition of the nations living in this region, and in their definition by others. The Czech people, who until 1918 were a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, gave birth to a national revival movement in the nineteenth century and eventually emancipated themselves to create an independent Czechoslovakia. The idea of „national identity“ was, therefore, crucial and this was enhanced in many areas of human activity, including the construction of a historical legitimacy for the nation. The struggle for recognition of the historical existence of the Czech nation was also projected into the discourse adopted for historical and contemporary art writing and exhibition practice. In this thesis, I focus on the ways in which Czech national identity was constructed in the historiography of art. I shall argue that the various ideologies which influenced the writers led to an understanding of Czech art as epitomising certain qualities of the Czech nation. At the same time, the Czech nation was presented as highly advanced because of its artistic achievements. -
Otto Demus, Byzantine Art and the Spatial Icon
Otto Demus, Byzantine art and the spatial icon Ian Verstegen When attention began to turn toward the new or second Vienna school, it is understandable that there was a more inclusive approach to which theorists belonged.1 Thus, Fritz Novotny’s work on Cézanne was included in Christopher Wood’s Vienna School Reader, even though he had been a product of Stzrygowski’s Institute and not (the descendant of) Alois Riegl’s.2 Later, it was questioned to what degree he ought to be counted in this group.3 The same issue faces another student of Stzrygowsky: Otto Demus. In the following, I will follow Wood in a qualified way to show how Demus’ characteristic approach to Byzantine art emerged indeed from typical issues descending from the work of Riegl. Due to thaws between the two institutes, Demus’ teaching with Hans Sedlmayr, and his socialisation with Viennese-trained art historians in London during the Second World War, one can see that Demus had become thoroughly ‘Viennese’ in his outlook well before he returned to Vienna and in 1963 to occupy a chair. As I will argue, this makes Demus’ work fit quite well with the second Viennese school of Hans Sedlmayr and Otto Pächt and to an extant Johannes Wilde, to the degree that his work is focused on an understanding of the work of art or monument as a functional whole. Parts and their relationship are understood, or in the case of a lost work, intuited by way of reconstruction. Also, technical knowledge is used to judge initial states of objects so that the universal working of perception will be accurate based on these same givens. -
To Hans Sedlmayr's
From Strzygowski’s ‘Orient oder Rom’ to Hans Sedlmayr’s ‘Closest Orient’ Zehra Tonbul The history of oriental art historical studies at the University of Vienna provides insights into the academic history of the first half of the twentieth century. It reveals parallelisms with turn-of-the-century modernisms, and it narrates the influence of political and intellectual transformations brought about by nationalism. The field of oriental art historical studies at the University of Vienna does not have a place in the writings on the ‘Vienna School of Art History’.1 Nevertheless, the history of the University’s Institute of Art History was marked by a pronounced division between 1909 and 1933, which led to the formation of two departments, each of which adopted a topical approach to art historiographies, with the Orient on one side and Roman Europe on the other. The Vienna School legacy is perceived to have continued with the latter; the other department, under the direction of Josef Strzygowski (1862-1941), is either omitted or appears as an anomaly. The divide between the two departments finds voice in Strzygowski’s 1901 book, Orient oder Rom, where he contested Rome-centred historiographies and declared his position against the Viennese scholarship, calling it a ‘Wickhoff monstrosity of the Roman imperial art’ (Wickhoffsche Monstrum der römischen Reichskunst).2 Yet, while Strzygowski appears as a single controversial figure in this divide, the workings of the department that he took over in 1909 present a broader narrative of oriental art historical scholarship and its transformations through its other scholars and the scope of its courses. -
The Library of Professor Cecil Lee Striker, University of Pennsylvania Late Antique, Early Christian, Byzantine & Medieval A
The Library of Professor Cecil Lee Striker, University of Pennsylvania Late Antique, Early Christian, Byzantine & Medieval Art and Architecture 2697 titles in circa 3635 volumes ARS LIBRI THE LIBRARY OF CECIL L. S TRIKER 1 AACHEN. RATHAUS. Karl der Grosse: Werk und Wirkung. June-Sept. 1965. Preface by Wolfgang Braunfels. (10th Council of Europe Exhibition.) xl, 567, (1)pp., 166 plates (8 color), 4 folding maps. Sm. stout 4to. Wraps. D.j. Aachen, 1965. Arntzen/Rainwater R21 2 AACHEN. RATHAUS. Unsere Liebe Frau. June-Sept. 1958. 155, (1)pp., 88 plates. 4to. Wraps. Aachen, 1958. 3 [AALST, V.D. VAN & CIGGAAR, K.N. (EDITORS).] Byzantium and the Low Countries in the Tenth Century: Aspects of Art and History in the Ottonian Era. xv, (1), 164pp. Prof. illus. Sm. 4to. Wraps. Hernen (A.A. Brediusstichting), 1985. 4 ABADIE-REYNAL, C. & SODINI, J.-P. La céramique paléochrétienne de Thasos (Aliki, Delkos, fouilles anciennes). (École Française d’Athènes: Études Thasiennes. 13.) 100pp., 18 plates. 41 illus. hors texte. Lrg. 4to. Wraps. Athènes/Paris (École Française d’Athènes/ de Boccard), 1992. 5 ÅBERG, NILS. The Anglo-Saxons in England During the Early Centuries After the Invasion. (Arbeten utgivna med Understöd av Vilhelm Ekmans Universitetsfond, Uppsala. 33.) vii, (3), 219pp. 319 illus. Sm. 4to. Wraps. Uppsala (Almqvist & Wiksells Boktr. A.B.), 1926. 6 ÅBERG, NILS. The Occident and the Orient in the Art of the Seventh Century. Part II: Lombard Italy. (Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademiens Handlingar. Del 56:2.) 122pp. 105 illus. Sm. 4to. Orig. wraps. Stockholm (Wahlström & Widstrand), 1945. 7 ÅBERG, NILS.