The Conventions of Noir Thriller in Harlan Coben's the Stranger
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The Conventions of Noir Thriller in Harlan Coben’s The Stranger (A Structuralist Study) A THESIS Presented as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Attainment of the Sarjana Sastra Degree in English Literature By: Juzi Ammalilia (11211141021) ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE STUDY PROGRAM FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS YOGYAKARTA STATE UNIVERSITY 2016 i ii iii MOTTOS To see the world, things dangerous to come to, to see behind walls, draw closer, to find each other, and to feel. That is the purpose of life. Life Magazine’s motto in The Secret Life of Walter Mitty Create the highest, grandest vision possible for your life, because you become what you believe. Oprah Winfrey This is a part of growing up. A little rebellion, a little adventure, that’s good. Healthy, even. Flynn Rider in Tangled Nothing is impossible, the word itself says “I’m possible.” Audrey Hepburn iv DEDICATIONS You can't be hard on yourself For these were the cards that you were given so you have to understand that these, like... That's not who you are You're trying to be the best you can be but that's all you can do If you don't give it all you got, you're only cheating yourself Give it all you got But if it ends up happening, it ends up happening. (Purpose – Justin Bieber) I dedicate this thesis for the people who have given me purposes. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS All praise belongs to Allah SWT for making this all possible. My acknowledgements would not be complete without delivering my gratitude to my thesis consultants, Ibu Dr. Widyastuti Purbani, M.A. and Ibu Niken Anggraeni, S.S., M.A., for sparing their quality time, for making me keep on walking and for lifting me up from the dark times during my thesis writing. My foremost gratitude is specially addressed to Bapak and Ibu who love me unconditionally. I thank them for never making anything easy for me so I have to put my best effort in every single decision of mine. Now I know that I have nobody to prove but myself. It is also beyond my expectation that I have my life twice—thrice brighter since I met these sisters from other Misters: Karina Astary, Wibulan Ekaning Ratri, Kuweira Nur Pratiknyo, Linggar Yulfira, Nita Herawati, and the one and only man in the squad, Puguh Hariyanto. I thank them for bringing out the best in me and for loving my flaws as well. Every moment with them is well-spent so I really wish that we can keep counting. It would also be my pleasure to have many sleepless nights since I have my big family in 107.9 FM Magenta Radio. They all really have great muses. I thank them for giving me ‘wings’ to reach the sky, for the countless tickets that brought me to my favourite concerts, and for giving me courage and confidence to meet awesome people from various industries. It was beyond amazing to have those three years in advance. vi vii TABLE OF CONTENTS TITTLE............................................................................................................ i APPROVAL.................................................................................................... ii RATIFICATION............................................................................................ iii PERNYATAAN.............................................................................................. iv MOTTOS......................................................................................................... v DEDICATIONS............................................................................................... vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS........................................................................... vii TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................... ix LIST OF FIGURE.......................................................................................... xii LIST OF TABLES.......................................................................................... xiii ABSTRACT.................................................................................................... xiv CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study....................................................................... 1 B. Research Focus...................................................................................... 8 C. Research Objectives.............................................................................. 10 D. Research Significance........................................................................... 10 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW A. Structuralism.......................................................................................... 12 B. Identifying Literary Genres................................................................... 16 C. Noir Thriller as A Literary Genre.......................................................... 18 1. The Origin of Noir Thriller............................................................... 23 2. Noir Thriller in American Literature................................................ 25 3. The Conventions of Noir Thriller..................................................... 26 a. Having a Flawed Protagonist....................................................... 27 b. Focusing on the Characters’ Conflicts......................................... 28 c. Employing the Suspense-Based Plot............................................ 30 1) Mystery.................................................................................... 31 2) Dilemma.................................................................................. 32 3) Cliff-hanger............................................................................. 32 viii 4) Surprised Ending..................................................................... 32 d. Revealing the Critiques of Socio-Political Milieu in the Story ... 33 e. Using the Subjective Point of View............................................. 34 1) The First Person Point of View.............................................. 36 2) The Third Person Point of View............................................ 37 D. Previous Research Findings............................................................ 40 E. Conceptual Framework................................................................... 42 F. Framework of Thinking.................................................................. 45 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD A. Research Design.............................................................................. 46 B. The Data Type................................................................................. 47 C. The Data Sources............................................................................ 47 D. Research Instruments...................................................................... 48 E. Data Collecting Technique.............................................................. 48 F. Data Analysis Technique................................................................ 51 G. The Data Trustworthiness............................................................... 52 CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION A. Findings........................................................................................... 54 1. The General Conventions of Noir Thriller in Harlan Coben’s The Stranger........................................................................................... 54 a. Having a Flawed Protagonist.................................................. 54 1) The kind of flaw: blackmailing people............................ 55 2) The impacts of the flaw.................................................... 58 a) The impacts on the stranger......................................... 58 b) The impact on other characters.................................... 60 b. Focusing on the Character’s Conflicts.................................... 62 1) Adam’s conflicts with other characters........................... 63 a) Adam’s conflict with the stranger............................... 63 b) Adam’s conflict with Corinne..................................... 64 c) Adam’s conflict with Tripp Evans.............................. 66 ix 2) Adam’s inner conflict....................................................... 68 c. Employing the Suspense-Based Plot....................................... 72 1) Mystery............................................................................. 72 2) Dilemma........................................................................... 74 3) Cliff-hanger...................................................................... 75 4) Surprised Ending.............................................................. 78 d. Revealing the Critiques of Socio-Political Milieu.................. 84 1) Critique of hypocrisy........................................................ 84 2) Cynicism.......................................................................... 85 e. Using the Subjective Point of View........................................ 88 2. The Conventions of Point of View in Harlan Coben’s The Stranger......................................................................................... 88 a. Third Person Limited.............................................................. 88 b. Third Person Objective........................................................... 94 B. Discussion....................................................................................... 97 CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS.................................................................. ... 100 REFERENCES............................................................................................