BRKEWN-2809.Pdf

The Final Fails; The 6 on WiFi 6 How not to fail in WiFi – especially not on 6

Rush Johnson @Rush Steven Heinsius @Steven_Heinsius

BRKEWN-2809 Cisco Webex Teams

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• What is WiFi 6

• WiFi 6 vs 5G

• Physics, Economics & Human Behavior

• Why is WiFi 6 better than WiFi 5 You don’t know what you have • Fails Fail 1 Fail 2 Fail 3 Until it’s gone… Fail 4 Fail 5 Fail 6

• Conclusion

3 Years as an End User 5 Years as a Partner 6 Years as a Distributor 10 Years at Cisco 14 Years Instructor

› Dad › Scuba diving › Runner › Snow boarding › Cook › Singer › Mountain biking › WiFi enthusiast

• Electrical Engineering background – Virginia Tech • FCC Licensed since Age 14 • Self Proclaimed Radio/Antenna Geek • 35 years in Networking • 23 years building start ups • 12 years at Cisco

Husband & Father of 3 sons & 1 daughter Lifelong Learner / Experimenter / Maker Lover of the Outdoors Native North Carolinian The Shortwave Antenna Farm at W4QA In North Carolina

• Learn how NOT to #Fail • It will be educational • It will be interactive • It will be fun

“ I don’t care how you remember it, as long as you remember it”

Steven Heinsius

Contact me for the Hand Out @Steven_Heinsius

Forget those Channels

#7WTF

Incorrect Usage of Channels

#7WTF

Lead with a Channel Plan

Maximum Power!

#7WTF

✓ I only have 1 Access Point ✓ I need less Access Points ✓ I’m designing for Coverage ✓ My Site survey tool says ‘all green’ ✓ It’s the default…

Fail

Putting your AP’s on Maximum Power

#7WTF

Too much power isn’t good… for anyone…

2.4 GHz is still the most important

#7WTF

Plain and simple… “NO"

Only designing for 2.4 is NOT how to do it…

#7WTF

Start with 5 GHz on the Test, and let RRM and FRA do the rest

Placements

#7WTF

Source: www.bad-fi.com Does it matter?

Placing your Access Points… wrong…

#7WTF

Source: www.bad-fi.com

✓ AP Horizontal (vertical Polarization) ✓ Below obstructions ✓ Minimal one meter (3ft) away from obstructions (Fresnel zone) ✓ The correct antennae, only 1 type of antenna ✓ Access Points minimal three meter (10ft) away from each other ✓ Not too high (after 4 meter (14ft) high special implementations) ✓ Don’t put behind a metal cage ✓ Use Outdoor AP’s for Outdoor Coverage…

Like in Real Estate… Location, location, location!

I am secure About Encryption & Authentication

#7WTF

48,46% Source: wigle.net 2019 Fail

Not enough attention for Security…

#7WTF

BRKEWN-2809 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 37 Security best practices ✓ WPA2 is the bare minimum (with CCMP. Don’t use TKIP) ✓ WPA2 Personal (PSK) is for… personal ✓ WPA2 Enterprise (802.1X) for businesses ✓ WPA3 more and more supported and new default ✓ Use Role Based Access (RBA) with for instance ISE. ✓ Use a Wireless Intrusion Preventions (wIPS) solution ✓ Use VPN on Public Wireless Connections

Security is a Process, not a Product

Hype versus Reality

#7WTF

But in reality...

We want those big shiny numbers… but how real is it?

#7WTF

Wave 2 is about:

160 MHz wide channels > 4 Spatial Streams Multi-User-MIMO (MU-MIMO)

WaveWiFi 6 2is is nice, nice, but but the the Magic is in the Chipset

There’s no Site Survey… or there’s no Good Site Survey

#7WTF

BRKEWN-2809 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 50 Make sure you know And make sure what you see… you survey everywhere… Cause not everything is what it I mean.. seems… Everywhere!

No Survey – No WiFi

Rip ‘n Replace… Like 4 Like

#7WTF

Well that’s not a fail…

And a 2802e is something different than a 2802i

9120 is a lot different from a 2602…

Survey for the Access Points you will install

BYOA

#7WTF

a Rogue AP should never have IP

Supporting legacy devices…

#7WTF

• What type of Clients? • What are the capabilities of these clients? • What applications? – and the requirements? • What is the required Capacity?

Legacy Devices on a Separate SSID

Design for Coverage

#7WTF

a Smaller Cell = Better Performance

Dirty air

#7WTF

Design reliable, high capacity Validate a new Wi-Fi deployment or Analyze and troubleshoot Wi-Fi issues in real- Wi-Fi networks optimize an existing Wi-Fi network time The Best Wi-Fi Tools Are Just About to Get Better!

Ekahau Pro - The industry standard tool for designing, analyzing, optimizing and troubleshooting Wi-Fi Networks

Ekahau Sidekick - Precise Wi-Fi Diagnostic and Measurement Device for Professionals

Ekahau Survey - First ever professional Wi-Fi site survey tool for iPhones & iPads

Ekahau Capture - Easy to use Packet Capture Tool

Ekahau Cloud - Choose a collaboration method that works best for you

How many poor Wi-Fi networks did you experience in 2019? < A graphic, grand Analyzer introduction slide to be inserted > Wait, Analyzer What?

● The Analyzer is a new iPhone / iPad app designed to validate the health and troubleshoot your Wi-Fi network

● Used in connection with Sidekick

● Designed to easen significantly the validation of Wi-Fi networks

● Speeds up troubleshooting & identifying corrective actions

● Analyzer benchmarks automatically the Wi-Fi network and spectrum against pre-defined requirements ● Network and Channel Health Auto Test ● Network coverage, interference and AP analysis ● Live Spectrum analysis ● Connectivity test

● The easiest to use in the market ● Thanks to Sidekick, it has the most accurate measurements ● Included into Connect subscription

Dirty air is like dirty underwear Get rid of it as soon as possible…

Listen to the Architect

#7WTF

AP’s are ugly…

What about these?

“Then they don’t work…” “AHA!”

Can you read the Logo? Then you’re probably good to go!

The Installer is always right

#7WTF

• You designed for Capacity • Not for coverage…

• You designed primarily for 5 GHz

• You have proper channel overlap (20%, with -67 dBm at the edge)

• You designed to have dual radio’s in High Density environments

• You suggested to work with 40 MHz and 20 MHz in some area’s

• You have Clean Air AP’s in the ‘sensitive area’s

And then the installer comes and takes your plan…

Stick to the plan

BRKEWN-2809 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 87 WiFi 6 – Did I miss the other 5? BRKEWN-2809 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 89 What is Wi-Fi 6 (or 11ax)?

High Efficiency 4x Capacity IoT Scale 11AX Wi-Fi 6

11AC Cellular like Determinism Wi-Fi 5 for high quality services

Higher power efficiency 11N to accelerate IoT adoption Wi-Fi 4

11G Greater IoT Coverage 11A 11B Wi-Fi 3 Wi-Fi 2 Better app. performance in Wi-Fi 1 high density deployments

High Efficiency 4x Capacity IoT Scale 11AX Wi-Fi 6

11AC Cellular like Determinism Wi-Fi 5 for high quality services

Higher power efficiency 11N to accelerate IoT adoption Wi-Fi 4

11G Greater IoT Coverage 11A 11B Wi-Fi 3 Wi-Fi 2 Better app. performance in Wi-Fi 1 high density deployments

Massive scale IoT Indoor Broadband coverage Data and Video 5G V2X, AR/VR

Voice and Data 4G New Radio called 5G NR (New Radio) Digital Analog Voice New Spectrum Voice 3G Integrating 2G Unlicensed Bands 1G New Core Networks Important for Managed SPs (N/W Slicing) BRKEWN-2809 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 93 5G spectrum rollout: Europe

Use Cases Availability High Band • Fixed Now (mmW, 26GHz) Wireless

Optimized for

indoor, carpeted Capacity Mid Band • EMBB • Massive IoT 2020-21 (Sub-6GHz)

Low Band • EMBB (Sub-1GHz, 800Mhz) • Massive IoT 2021-22

Coverage

BRKEWN-2809 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 94 5G and Wi-Fi 6 are complementary, but Wi-Fi 6 will continue to be preferred & primary wireless access in the Enterprise

Indoor Enterprise Smart Buildings Industrial Outdoor

Wi-Fi / BLE ZigBee / Thread Wired / 5G LoRaWAN / 5G

Sensors Devices Machines Challenges

Users Manage Secure Interpret

Wi-Fi 6 Full-featured APs First clients

First APs Expansion of clients

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 and beyond

5G Fixed Wireless Fixed Wireless in Carrier rollout in Ubiquitous in all big Massive begins curb to home / select cities in cities in US, EMEA, mainstream 5G NR SMBs (5G WAN) US, Japan, China Japan, China roll-outs

First Wi-Fi 6 laptops Microsoft Surface Pro 7 powered by Intel: HP, Dell Surface Laptop First Wi-Fi 6 device: Apple iPhone 11 Samsung Galaxy S10

2018 2019 Feb Apr Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 2020

C9115AX Wi-Fi 6 WFA C9117AX Certification C9120AX

Samsung Galaxy Note 10

Users expect Wireless is at an IoT is the new mobile immersive experiences inflection point

Simple Industrial IoT Robots, Unconnected Machines, Scanners Cellular | Wi-Fi

Then information sharing Now

AR / VR / Lighting / Badge / Vending Bridging Streaming Video 4K Machine/ MRI / X-ray / Doors 5G + Wi-Fi 6

Superior HD connectivity and Classification and rapid threat Beyond Wi-Fi, drive digital user experience containment business forward

Both are critical for future wireless

Now it is changing the way we run our businesses

Physics Economics Behavior

Speed Range Propagation Antennae

Freq Frequency band

Width Width of that band

Power Max transmission power

Low Freq = longer range & propagate well Reach… High Freq = more bw, more modulation, smaller antenna’

Network Operator WiFi 6

Full Coverage NW Covers Building Licensing… Paid off Usage Subscription

Large Investment = Unlicensed = no bid Large Returns

Behavior does…

Mobile Users Nomadic Users

Higher Improved Reduced Capacity Security Latency Up to 4x increase Augmented Deterministic with WPA3, RF scheduling Snapshots

Power Greater Improved Efficiency IoTScale Interference Up to 3x Better 2.4GHz Coverage Mitigation better device battery life and less interference Better QoE

• More information in each signal 1) More info in each signal • Communicate with Devices faster and more efficient 2) Communicate more efficient • Each signal can be divided to multiple devices (receivers) at the same time, servicing all at the 3) Each signal divided same time to multiple devices • QAM, 2QAM, 4QAM, 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM 4) 64 QAM, 256 QAM (eight digits of binary) … behold… 1024QAM (10 and even 1024 digits of binary) QAM

• Wait… what? • ‘Resource Units’ (RU) • MU-MIMO is finally there! (Spatial diverences between clients)

OFDM OFDMA User 1 - Telemetry t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 t8 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 t8 User 2 - Voip User 3 - Video User 4 - Voip User 5 - Data User 6 - IoT User 7 - Data User 8 - Voip

• Each User gets 1 time slot – whole • Multi user Packet makes flight more efficient channel bandwidth Pic with a truck • Also provides much more regular

• Each User must wait t8 before Next TX_op and consistent TX_op • As more clients Join the cell, Latency – • Deterministic nature – miss this truck – no worries Jitter Increases hear comes another “meaning the truck” is always leaving “full”… net result is lower latency • QOS only manages TXop – someone has to wait

Each subcarrier is a transport - Latency goes up when subcarriers go out “half empty”… OFDMA solves this by allowing multi-user packets to go out on one subcarrier © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKEWN-2809 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public So how fast is Wi-Fi 6?

The only correct answer here is ‘It depends’. (Sorry for that… haha).

• Show factors

• Show MCS

• Explain distance to AP

• Explain SNR

• the overall refrain from industry experts is that Wi-Fi 6 will offer speeds that are roughly 30% faster than Wi-Fi 5, with theoretical maximum transfer speeds up around 10 Gbps.

• It’s especially in high density environments, with lots and lots of devices where it makes a HUGE difference.

What is the problem that we are solving?

My Internet will be a lot faster now!

#7WTF

Ookla data

• Currently the average Download speed of the Internet in Europe is…

• In the US it is around 119 Mbps - So nowhere near the available DL speed of your AP.

• It’s like driving a very fast sports car on a wet road with lots of corners. At the same time… Wifi In public spaces… Whoop Whoop! (need some public references).

BRKEWN-2809 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 127 BRKEWN-2809 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 128 Picture with people using AR/VR Video streaming Any other bw demanding app Accociated to Wi-Fi in a kind of contemporary office

It’s Quality over Quantity!

These benefits apply to all!

#7WTF

BRKEWN-2809 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 131 It’s not a one size fits all… to expect the same benefits to 11ac/n guys as 11ax (so for example you setup 11ax with OFDMA and 8 streams, and you fantasize that 8 11ac STAs can now get MIMO downstream at the same time, or that your 11ac can now do UL MU MIMO, in other words that the benefits we claim for 11ax apply for all stuff like TWT apply to.. 11ax, it does not matter if your 11ax STA sleeps and wakes up thinking it can send, the 11ac STAs won’t care and will collide in high density… so backward compatibility can be fun to explore. https://theruckusroom.ruckuswireless.com/wired- wireless/technologytrends/802-11ax-fundamentals-target-wake-time-twt/ http://maxwifi.org/2018/01/25/twt-innovation-iot/

BRKEWN-2809 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 133 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Simple Rule

It’s not a One Size Fits All

Too much control

#7WTF

BRKEWN-2809 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 137 BRKEWN-2809 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 138 Your .ax AP has much more control…

Now, because the AP has more control, it would be easy to fall into the control-freak bias, where you allocate TWTs as you think is best for the infra, and do the same for OFDMA upstream slots, and end up with a nightmare scenario where your fire alarms cannot send (because you told them to wake up later), you video is choppy (coz you decided to allocate resources completely randomly) etc…

Don’t overregulate…

4 Bars alone won’t cut it…

#7WTF

BRKEWN-2809 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 142 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKEWN-2809 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 144 Claude Shannon The Father of Information (1916-2001) Theory

“…4 Bars Alone Won’t Cut It….”

• Shows that Channel Capacity (C) (bits per second) is related to: • The Bandwidth of the channel (B) • The received power of the Signal (S) • AND the received Noise power (N)

• The Ratio of the Signal (what we want to hear) to the Noise (what we don’t) matters

• This is the Signal-To-Noise Ratio (expressed in dB) • S/N • Or SNR • OR SINR (Signal over Interference + Noise)

“…10% coupon today “…Congrats on your only! Click Accept” +10% Raise! Click (Noise) Accept” (Signal)

High SNR – Low Noise High Bandwidth Rich with Information

34,000 sq km dedicated to achieving the highest SNR

• Use Access Points that can work through and around the noise (CleanAir)

• Learn to use appropriate antennas to both maximize desired coverage, and minimize noise

• Consider moving to the latest 802.11ax: RX & TX improvement with more radio chains. And it’s all about efficiency.

• Don’t skip the survey – environments change

The SNR defines how Clear you Are

Antennas are overrated…

#7WTF

They make the ‘less’ in Wireless happen.

Your use case determines the right device…to interface light to your eyeball!

Accelerate electrons in a wire ➔ Emit radio waves! (This is good and bad.)

Every electrical conductor can radiate RF energy! (This is good and bad.)

Effective antennas are designed to efficiently exploit this phenomenon.

Size Matters. Direction Finding / Different Frequencies

Geometry Matters.

Antennas are stupid! They treat signals and noise the same way…

No energy is added – only focused in certain directions due to wave interaction

Omnidirectional is almost circular coverage when viewed above or below

Directional antennas focus energy in a particular direction (panel, patch, yagi)

The right antenna selection can…

• Maximize signal levels to/from desired coverage areas

• Reduce noise levels, thereby increasing SNR (See Fail #18)

• Reduce interference levels to neighboring networks

• Provide coverage in challenging architectural environments (Lecture Halls, Stadiums, High Ceilings, Industrial…)

• Allow your Access Point to take advantage of all its radio chains (i.e. 4x4, 8x8, etc.) for MIMO, MRC, Beamforming…

Optimal designs include proper antenna selection

I’ll wait for the next upgrade

#7WTF

Don’t wait till tomorrow, with what you can do today

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