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The University of Florida Diving Science and Safety Program AAUS STANDARDS for SCIENTIFIC DIVING
The University of Florida Diving Science and Safety Program AAUS STANDARDS FOR SCIENTIFIC DIVING 2019 1 FOREWORD Since 1951 the scientific diving community has endeavored to promote safe, effective diving through self-imposed diver training and education programs. Over the years, manuals for diving safety have been circulated between organizations, revised and modified for local implementation, and have resulted in an enviable safety record. This document represents the minimal safety standards for scientific diving at the present day. As diving science progresses so must this standard, and it is the responsibility of every member of the Academy to see that it always reflects state of the art, safe diving practice. American Academy of Underwater Sciences ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Academy thanks the numerous dedicated individual and organizational members for their contributions and editorial comments in the production of these standards. Revision History Approved by AAUS BOD December 2018 Available at www.aaus.org/About/Diving Standards 2 Table of Contents Volume 1 ..................................................................................................................................................... 6 Section 1.00 GENERAL POLICY .........................................................................................................................7 1.10 Scientific Diving Standards .........................................................................................................................7 1.20 Operational Control -
(Ua) Scientific Diving Safety Manual
UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA (UA) SCIENTIFIC DIVING SAFETY MANUAL AVAILABLE ON-LINE AT: http://www.uaf.edu/sfos/research/scientific-diving/ Revised 2/2019 Page 1 FOREWORD Since 1951 the scientific diving community has endeavored to promote safe, effective diving through self-imposed diver training and education programs. Over the years, manuals for diving safety have been circulated between organizations, revised and modified for local implementation, and have resulted in an enviable safety record. This document represents the minimal safety standards for scientific diving at the present day. As diving science progresses so must this standard, and it is the responsibility of every member of the Academy to see that it always reflects state of the art, safe diving practice. The policies, procedures and standards set forth in this Scientific Diving Safety Manual are intended to govern the training and diving operations of all personnel participating in the Scientific Diving Program at the University of Alaska (UA). It applies to all divers operating under UA auspices, including visiting divers, and to those UA Fairbanks, UA Anchorage, and UA Southeast campus officers responsible for the administration of this scuba program. Revision History May 1 1991 Revision July 1992 Revision January 1996 Revision January 2001 Revision May 2004 Revision January 2013 Revision October 2015 Revision February 2016 Revision May 2018 Revision February 2019 Revised 2/2019 Page 2 UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA DIVING CONTROL BOARD MEMBERS Brenda Konar (Dive Safety Officer) Joel Markis Professor Assistant Professor of Fisheries Technology University of Alaska Fairbanks Career Education Fairbanks, Alaska University of Alaska Southeast Phone: 907-474-5028 Sitka, Alaska E-mail: [email protected] Phone: 907-747-7760 E-mail: [email protected] Sherry Tamone (Chair) Tracey Martinson Professor of Biology University of Alaska Southeast Industrial Hygienist/Radiation Safety Officer Juneau, Alaska Environ. -
How Do Scientists Explore Underwater Ecosystems?
LESSON 2 How do scientists Age 11-14 explore underwater 60 minutes ecosystems? Curriculum links Lesson overview • Understand the scale of coral Throughout this lesson students explore underwater habitats reefs and the purpose of the and begin to understand the importance of the XL Catlin XL Catlin Seaview Survey Seaview Survey. Students consider why exploration of this • Identify the challenges kind can be challenging for humans and learn dive signs so scientist working underwater face they can communicate on their virtual dive. During the virtual • Sort and classify species dive students use 360 virtual reality to explore this dynamic environment, identifying some of the species that live there. Students go on to classify these species and record the findings of their first dive. Resources Lesson steps Learning outcomes Slideshow 2: How do scientists 1. What is the ocean habitat like? explorer underwater (10 mins) ecosystems? Students are introduced to the coral • Know that we live on a ‘blue planet’ Student Sheet 2a: ocean through a quiz to understand Video reflection the scale and complexity of this • Name a variety of ocean habitats ecosystem. and species that live there Student Sheet 2b: Species card sort 2. How is the baseline survey being Student Sheet 2c: Dive created? (10 mins) log Students become familiar with • Describe the XL Catlin Seaview the XL Catlin Seaview Survey and Survey and its scientific aims Video: the scientific rational behind the What kind of people exploration. make up a coral expedition team? 3. How do scientists work underwater? (15 mins) Video: Students consider some of the • Understand the different What are dive signs and challenges scientists face working techniques scientists use to work what do they mean? in this environment and practice underwater Google Map: using dive signs to communicate. -
Ecological and Socio-Economic Impacts of Dive
ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF DIVE AND SNORKEL TOURISM IN ST. LUCIA, WEST INDIES Nola H. L. Barker Thesis submittedfor the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Science Environment Department University of York August 2003 Abstract Coral reefsprovide many servicesand are a valuableresource, particularly for tourism, yet they are suffering significant degradationand pollution worldwide. To managereef tourism effectively a greaterunderstanding is neededof reef ecological processesand the impactsthat tourist activities haveon them. This study explores the impact of divers and snorkelerson the reefs of St. Lucia, West Indies, and how the reef environmentaffects tourists' perceptionsand experiencesof them. Observationsof divers and snorkelersrevealed that their impact on the reefs followed certainpatterns and could be predictedfrom individuals', site and dive characteristics.Camera use, night diving and shorediving were correlatedwith higher levels of diver damage.Briefings by dive leadersalone did not reducetourist contactswith the reef but interventiondid. Interviewswith tourists revealedthat many choseto visit St. Lucia becauseof its marineprotected area. Certain site attributes,especially marine life, affectedtourists' experiencesand overall enjoyment of reefs.Tourists were not alwaysable to correctly ascertainabundance of marine life or sedimentpollution but they were sensitiveto, and disliked seeingdamaged coral, poor underwatervisibility, garbageand other tourists damagingthe reef. Some tourists found sitesto be -
MONTHLY DIVE LOG ⃝ NMFS ⃝ NOS ⃝ OAR ⃝ OMAO ⃝ Non-NOAA
NOAA Form 57-10-24 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NAME (Last, First MI) CERTIFICATION (see note 1) DATE (mm/yy) (7-12) NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION LINE or STAFF OFFICE (Check one) UNIT / SUB-UNIT UNIT DIVING SUPERVISOR MONTHLY DIVE LOG ⃝ NMFS ⃝ NOS ⃝ OAR ⃝ OMAO ⃝ non-NOAA INSTRUCTIONS: 7. DIVE LOCATION 1. NOAA Form 57-03-24 (1-12) may be used to log dives in lieu of using the on-line, electronic form available through the NOAA Diving Program website. NAC North Atlantic Coastal (Maine – Rhode Island) 2. Submit this form directly to the NOAA Diving Center, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98115 by the 5th of the month for the preceding month. MAC Mid-Atlantic Coastal (Connecticut – Virginia) 3. Use a separate line for each dive. Print all information legibly. SAC South Atlantic Coastal (North Carolina – SE Florida) 4. Log repetitive dives using the date, a decimal point, and consecutive numbers (i.e. three dives conducted on the 15th would be listed as 15.1, 15.2, and 15.3). KEY Florida Keys 5. Use the codes in the NOTES section below to encode the dive log information. GMC Gulf of Mexico Coastal (SW Florida – Texas) 6. For saturation missions, log all excursions as separate dives and time of excursions as bottom time. PVC Puerto Rico/U.S. Virgin Islands AKC Alaska Coastal NOTES: NPC North Pacific Coastal (Washington – Oregon) 1. CERTIFICATION 1 - Trainee 2 - Scientific Diver 3 - Working Diver 4 - Advanced Working 5 – Master Diver MPC Mid-Pacific Coastal (north and central California) 2. -
Similan Islands 9 – 19 May 2021
THAILAND LIVEABOARD SIMILAN ISLANDS 9 – 19 MAY 2021 BOAT INFORMATION: Manta Queen 8 is running a 5 days & 5 nights trip to Thailands premier dive site - Similan Islands, Koh Bon, Koh Tachai, Surin Islands, Richelieu Rock and Boon Sung Wreck. The boat accommodates 24 guests in comfortable air conditioned double ensuite, twin ensuite, twin non ensuite cabins. The vessel is a 28 meters long and 7 meters wide wooden hull built boat that is manned with 5 dive staff and 6 boat crew. There is plenty of space to enjoy the time in between dives in the saloon with HD-TV, the open dining area or on the large sundeck. All meals on board are served buffet style freshly cooked by the on board chef. Snacks and fruits are served in between dives. The dinghy gives you the opportunity to spend some time on the beautiful beaches. DIVE - EAT - SLEEP – REPEAT DIVES SITE INFORMATION: RICHELIEU ROCK (called in Thai Hin Plo Naam) is a famous dive site in the Andaman Sea near the Surin Islands. The site is marked by the top with a pinnacle which is 1m above the sea level during low tide, and disappears underwater during high tide. The horseshoe-shaped reef was discovered by Jacques-Yves Cousteau and is known for its purple corals (it reminded Jacques Cousteau of Cardinal Richelieu´s purple robe) as well as diverse marine life ranging from small fish and harlequin shrimp to large pelagics like whale shark, manta ray, barracuda and grouper. The pinnacle falls steeply to the surrounding sand bottom at a maximum depth of 35m. -
3. Technical Divemaster
TDI Standards and Procedures Part 3: TDI Leadership Standards 3. Technical Divemaster 3.1 Introduction This program is designed to develop the skills and knowledge necessary for an individual to lead certified technical divers in the open water environment. 3.2 Qualifications of Graduates Upon successful completion of this course, graduates may: 1. Assist an active TDI Instructor during approved diving courses provided the activities are similar to the graduate’s prior training 2. Supervise and conduct dives for certified technical divers provided the activities are similar to the graduate’s prior training 3. This program does not cover overhead environment with the exception of advanced wreck 3.3 Who May Teach 1. Any active TDI Instructor may teach this program 3.4 Student to Instructor Ratio Academic 1. Unlimited, so long as adequate facility, supplies and time are provided to ensure comprehensive and complete training of subject matter Confined Water (swimming pool-like conditions) 1. N/A Open Water (ocean, lake, quarry, spring, river or estuary) 1. A maximum of 4 students per instructor; it is the instructor’s discretion to reduce this number as conditions dictate Version 0221 33 TDI Standards and Procedures Part 3: TDI Leadership Standards 3.5 Student Prerequisites 1. Minimum age 18 2. Certified as an SDI Divemaster (equivalent ratings from other agencies are not accepted for this TDI Divemaster prerequisite) Must have all current SDI Divemaster materials 3. Provide copies of current CPR and first aid training 4. Have a current medical examination 5. Provide proof of 50 logged dives 6. Certified as a technical diver 3.6 Course Structure and Duration Open Water Execution 1. -
Love the Oceans Dive Policy Standards and Procedures
LOVE THE OCEANS DIVE POLICY STANDARDS AND PROCEDURES CONTENTS 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Definition of a dive 1 2. Love The Oceans Dive Standards 1 2.1 Maximum bottom time 1 2.2 Maximum depth 2 2.3 Air requirements 2 2.4 Safety stops 2 2.5 Surface interval 2 2.6 Repetitive diving 2 2.7 Flying after diving 3 2.8 Over-profiling 3 2.9 Supervision 3 2.10 PADI training courses 3 2.11 All course dives and snorkels 4 2.12 All non-course and non-training dives and snorkels 4 3. Love The Oceans Dive Procedures 4 3.1 General dive and boat procedures 5 3.2 Emergency procedures 5 3.3 Missing diver procedures 6 3.4 Injured diver procedures 6 3.5 Boat recall procedures 6 4. Dive equipment requirements 6 4.1 PADI dive training 6 4.2 Certified divers/science staff volunteers 6 5. Required safety equipment 7 6. Definitions of Roles and Responsibilities 7 6.1 Dive Operations Manager 7 6.2 Dive instructors 8 6.3 Divemasters and Dive leaders 8 6.4 Certified divers and science staff volunteers 8 7. Insurance 9 8. Night dive specific standards and protocols 9 9. Environmental Awareness 10 9.1 Code of Conduct for Whale Shark Encounters 10 9.2 Code of Conduct for Manta Ray Encounters 10 9.3 Code of Conduct for Humpback Whale Encounters 11 9.4 General Code of Conduct for Diving 12 These dive policy standards and procedures were last reviewed on 21st February 2019 1 1. -
Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine
Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine 7KH-RXUQDORIWKH6RXWK3DFL¿F8QGHUZDWHU0HGLFLQH6RFLHW\ ,QFRUSRUDWHGLQ9LFWRULD $% ISSN 1833 - 3516 Volume 37 No. 4 ABN 29 299 823 713 December 2007 Diving expeditions: from Antarctica to the Tropics Diving deaths in New Zealand Epilepsy and diving – time for a change? Mechanical ventilation of patients at pressure Print Post Approved PP 331758/0015 9^k^c\VcY=neZgWVg^XBZY^X^cZKdajbZ(,Cd#)9ZXZbWZg'%%, PURPOSES OF THE SOCIETY IdegdbdiZVcY[VX^a^iViZi]ZhijYnd[VaaVheZXihd[jcYZglViZgVcY]neZgWVg^XbZY^X^cZ Idegdk^YZ^c[dgbVi^dcdcjcYZglViZgVcY]neZgWVg^XbZY^X^cZ IdejWa^h]V_djgcVa IdXdckZcZbZbWZghd[i]ZHdX^ZinVccjVaanViVhX^Zci^ÄXXdc[ZgZcXZ OFFICE HOLDERS EgZh^YZci 9g8]g^h6Xdii (%EVg`6kZcjZ!GdhhancEVg` :çbV^a1XVXdii5deijhcZi#Xdb#Vj3 Hdji]6jhigVa^V*%,' EVhiçEgZh^YZci 9gGdWncLVa`Zg &'7VggVaa^ZgHigZZi!<g^[Äi] :çbV^a1GdWnc#LVa`Zg5YZ[ZcXZ#\dk#Vj3 68I'+%( HZXgZiVgn 9gHVgV]H]Vg`Zn E#D#7DM&%*!CVggVWZZc :çbV^a1hejbhhZXgZiVgn5\bV^a#Xdb3 CZlHdji]LVaZh'&%& IgZVhjgZg 9g<jnL^aa^Vbh E#D#7dm&.%!GZY=^aaHdji] :çbV^a1hejbh5[VhibV^a#cZi3 K^Xidg^V(.(, :Y^idg 6hhdX#Egd[#B^`Z9Vk^h 8$d=neZgWVg^XBZY^X^cZJc^i :çbV^a1hejbh_5XY]W#\dki#co3 8]g^hiX]jgX]=dhe^iVa!Eg^kViZ7V\),&%!8]g^hiX]jgX]!CO :YjXVi^dcD[ÄXZg 9g;^dcVH]Vge ').XC^X]dahdcGdVY!H]ZcidcEVg` :çbV^a1h]Vge^Z[5YdXidgh#dg\#j`3 LZhiZgc6jhigVa^V+%%- EjWa^XD[ÄXZg 9gKVcZhhV=VaaZg E#D#7dm-%'(!8Vggjb9dlch :çbV^a1kVcZhhV#]VaaZg5XYbX#Xdb#Vj3 K^Xidg^V('%& 8]V^gbVc6CO=B< 9g9Vk^YHbVgi 9ZeVgibZcid[9^k^c\VcY=neZgWVg^XBZY^X^cZ :çbV^a1YVk^Y#hbVgi5Y]]h#iVh#\dk#Vj3 GdnVa=dWVgi=dhe^iVa!=dWVgi!IVhbVc^V,%%% LZWbVhiZg -
Using Underwater Pulse Oximetry in Freediving to Extreme Depths to Study Risk of Hypoxic Blackout and Diving Response Phases
ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 01 April 2021 doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.651128 Using Underwater Pulse Oximetry in Freediving to Extreme Depths to Study Risk of Hypoxic Blackout and Diving Response Phases Eric Mulder 1* and Erika Schagatay 1,2 1 Environmental Physiology Group, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden, 2 Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden Deep freediving exposes humans to hypoxia and dramatic changes in pressure. The effect of depth on gas exchange may enhance risk of hypoxic blackout (BO) during the last part of the ascent. Our aim was to investigate arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate Edited by: (HR) in shallow and deep freedives, central variables, which have rarely been studied Costantino Balestra, underwater in deep freediving. Four male elite competitive freedivers volunteered to wear Haute École Bruxelles-Brabant (HE2B), Belgium a newly developed underwater pulse oximeter for continuous monitoring of SpO2 and HR Reviewed by: during self-initiated training in the sea. Two probes were placed on the temples, connected Neal William Pollock, to a recording unit on the back of the freediver. Divers performed one “shallow” and one Laval University, Canada Kay Tetzlaff, “deep” constant weight dive with fins. Plethysmograms were recorded at 30 Hz, and University Hospital of Tübingen, SpO2 and HR were extracted. Mean ± SD depth of shallow dives was 19 ± 3 m, and Germany 73 ± 12 m for deep dives. Duration was 82 ± 36 s in shallow and 150 ± 27 s in deep Claus-Martin Muth, Universitaetsklinikum Ulm, Germany dives. All divers desaturated more during deeper dives (nadir 55 ± 10%) compared to *Correspondence: shallow dives (nadir 80 ± 22%) with a lowest SpO2 of 44% in one deep dive. -
Undercurrent, July 2013
The Private, Exclusive Guide for Serious Divers July 2013 Vol. 28, No. 7 WAOW, Indonesia fiery volcanoes, dangerous dragons and colorful diving Dear Fellow Diver: IN THIS ISSUE: Sixty feet down on my first dive, I quietly admired WAOW, Indonesia . 1. a barrel sponge the size of a smart car. Tiny white sea How Diving Inspires this cucumbers thrived in every nook and cranny. Then a thun- dering explosion ripped through the water. I quickly Science-Fiction Writer . 3. looked at my dive buddy. “What in the world was that?” A Bahamas, Hawaii, Red Sea . 5. thousand thoughts raced through my mind, but I guessed it might just be local fishermen dynamiting. I shrugged it Lawsuit over Diver Death at San off. Upon returning to the surface some 60 minutes later, Diego’s Yukon Wreck . .6 . I had my answer. A towering mushroom cloud billowed from the lip of a nearby volcanic crater. The tiny island of DEMA’s “Reaching Out” Award Palau Palue had just erupted. “Awesome,” I thought. “It is Not Worth Winning . 8. doesn’t get more primal than this.” I climbed the ladder into the rigid tender, and the driver returned us divers The Disappearing Dive Shop 10 to the mother craft. Fine volcanic ash rained down on us, Navy Divers Got It Wrong . 11. covering chairs, tables, stairs, everything. I could not have asked for a more unusual way to begin my 12 days of Shark Baiting and Feeding . 12. diving on the luxury liveaboard WAOW. Fiji Airways Reverses Its Stance That’s an acronym for Water Adventure Ocean Wide. -
A Coral-Safe Diving Reminder Reduces Reef Contacts by Ashton
PROTECTING GUAM’S CORAL REEFS BY IMPROVING SCUBA DIVER BEHAVIOR: A CORAL-SAFE DIVING REMINDER REDUCES REEF CONTACTS BY ASHTON N. WILLIAMS A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN BIOLOGY SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE Dr. Laurie Raymundo, Chair Dr. Alexander Kerr, Member Dr. Romina King, Member UNIVERSITY OF GUAM DECEMBER 2019 Abstract Coral reefs are a critical resource for the culture and economy of the American territory of Guam, but the island’s coral reef resources are increasingly imperiled by climate change, particularly bleaching caused by rising seawater temperatures. Severe bleaching events in 2013, 2014, 2016, and 2017 have caused mass mortality of corals and made evident the critical need to reduce local stressors to protect the future of Guam’s reefs. An estimated 300,000 people scuba dive on Guam’s reefs annually, but the impacts of these divers are unknown. This study examines the impacts of scuba diving activity on highly trafficked coral reefs and tests a low-effort approach to reducing diver impacts by using a coral-safe diving reminder. Comparisons of benthic cover, genus diversity, and health impacts did not reveal any significant differences between pairs of often dived and rarely dived sites, although it is likely that the damage and mortality caused by recent bleaching events may be masking the smaller impacts of scuba divers. A single-sentence coral-safe diving reminder delivered as part of the standard pre-dive briefing was highly effective in reducing both accidental and intentional contacts with reef. Divers who received a coral-safe diving reminder made 72% fewer contacts with the reef, and about 60% fewer contacts with live corals specifically, than divers who did not receive a reminder.