DOCSLIB.ORG

The Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile GOSIP

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile GOSIP DATAPRO Data Networking 2750 1 Standards The Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile GOSIP @ 1991 McGraw-Hili, Inccrporated. Reprcduction Prohibited. MARCH 1991 Datapro Information Servlces Group. Delran NJ 08075 USA 2 2750 The Government Data Networking Open S,stems Standards Interconnection Profile (GOSIP) meet those needs, it attempted to design a de facto networking standard called the Network Control Program (NCP). NCP specified the first set of pro­ Analysis tocols for connecting computers and peripherals on one network. Ten years after it first developed NCP, the DoD replaced its single-network archi­ tecture with the multiple-network architecture of TCP/IP. TCP/IP was being used for the DoD's Ar­ As computer technology grabbed the business panet network by 1983. world by the lapels in the 1960s and 1970s, large TCP/IP not only added internetworking capa­ mainframe computers took over many tradition­ bility but also transferred data integrity checking ally manual tasks, such as number crunching and from the network protocols to the host computer word processing. Users found computer storage system. This transferal provides a more trustwor­ both tidier and more organized. thy system than NCP, which relied on the network It did not take long, however, for users to re­ for end-to-end transmission reliability. Today, alize that computers could do more than just pro­ TCP/IP's primary users include the federal govern­ cess mounds of data. Users explored ways of ment, universities, and research groups. sharing computer-generated data and software with each other, marking the beginning of computer net­ working. TCP/IP Computing at that time was expensive. Users A layered approach to internetworking, TCPIIP relied on batch processing or timesharing main­ began as an experimental alternative to the DoD's frame computers through remote processing. Be­ packet switched network, Arpanet. TCP/IP con­ fore Apple and the microcomputer, computer tains four layers of exchange protocols: the network networking meant connecting the product line of a access layer, the Internet Protocol (IP), the Trans­ single vendor (such as IBM, which dominated both mission Control Protocol (TCP), and the applica­ commercial and federal markets). In 1974, IBM tions themselves (see Figure 1). developed a networking architecture for its prod­ The network access layer sends data between ucts called Systems Network Architecture (SNA), two processors on the same network. The protocols which-despite its proprietary nature-planted the used depend on the type of network, such as an seed for connectivity. SNA today remains the most X.2S packet switched network or an IEEE 802.3 prevalent networking architecture in the industry. CSMAlCD, 802.4 token bus, or 802.5 token-ring The emergence of microcomputers and the local area network (LAN). establishment of proprietary networks left many The IP layer routes data among multiple net­ users stranded on islands of aU,tomation. They had works, whether they are similar or dissimilar. The plenty of data and applications, but no means to IP layer is where true connection among different share information among incompatible systems. In networks occurs. response came the concept of internetworking. In 1981, Xerox Corp. moved the technology toward intercongecting different networks with the Figure 1. Xerox Networking System (XNS), a complicated Transmission Control Protocol/Internet set of internetworking protocols influencing the Protocol (TCP/IP) Layers development of the OSI model. XNS never really caught on, however, and was later surpassed by a Layer 4 Applications: SMTP, FTP, Telnet set of Department of Defense (DOD) internet­ working protocols called the Transmission Control Layer 3 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). Layer 2 ,Internet Protocol (IP) The idea for TCP/IP arose in the early 1970s, when the DoD-under budgetary constraints­ Layer 1 Network Access desperately needed a means of exchanging data with the research and development community. To MARCH 1991 @) 1991 McGraW-Hili. Incorporated. ReproduCtion Prohibited. Datapro Information Servicas Group. Delran NJ 08075 USA Data Networking The Govemment Open S,stems 2750 3 Interconnection Profile Standards (GOSIP) The TCP layer ensures that the data sent is in Implementors Workshop. This workshop series, sequence and error free. It is often called the reli­ where prospective vendors determine how OSI ability layer of TCP/IP; the IP randomly sends protocols will be implemented, has yielded Ver­ data without monitoring the transmission. sions 1.0 through 3.0 of the implementation agree­ At the application layer of TCP/IP, three pro­ ments that form the core of GOSIP. The tocols are available: the File Transfer Protocol agreements ensure that each vendor develops OS 1- (FTP), the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), based products in the same fashion, guaranteeing and Telnet. FTP transfers files from one host to compatibility. Federa~ users also provide input to another, and SMTP sends electronic messages be­ these vendor-adopted agreements. tween hosts. The Telnet application provides ter­ As TCPIIP did in the I 980s, GOSIP will provide minal emulation capability, allowing remote users to federal users a newer, more functional set of in­ to run applications as if they were directly con­ ternetworking standards in and beyond this de­ nected to a host system. cade. Unlike its predecessor, conformance of new Because TCP/IP is a static set of protocols products to GOSIP has been mandatory since Au­ with limited functionality and is not based on in­ gust 1990. In contrast to TCP/IP, GOSIP is de­ ternational standards, it eventually will be replaced signed to remain compatible, preventing its by the emerging OSI protocol suite. OSI is an evo­ obsolescence. New GOSIP versions will be incor­ lutionary, high-performance set of international porated gradually, so that users will be informed of data communications standards designed to be ex­ upcoming standards and can prepare for their im­ tended and manipulated for internetworking. plementation. But because of TCP/IP's massive installed The continuity and worldwide standards approach base, especially in the federal government, it must of OSI and GOSIP will save the federal govern­ coexist with OSI for the near term. Industry ex­ ment in development costs. A 1985 National Re­ perts maintain that TCP/IP-based products, be­ search Council report estimated that commercial cause they are available and proven, will remain OSI-based products would save an average of 30 to popular through the early 1990s. 80 percent in information technology costs. No longer will government users be tied to a single vendor for networking and computing require­ What Is QOSIP? ments. Instead, with OSI, they can select from a GOSIP, driving the standardization of OS I proto­ wide range of vendors, with the assurance that the cols, is a federal government procurement docu­ products meet OSI criteria for connectivity. ment for computer and networking technology OSI and GO SIP eliminate the need for expensive specifying OSI international and draft standards. bridging and duplication of products, such as soft­ As a federal information processing standard ware and peripherals, which can be shared on a (FIPS), GOSIP is not only forcing TCP/IP into re­ network. Standards let users preserve their product tirement, it is also forcing potential federal govern­ investments. GOSIP also provides procurement ment vendors to supply OSI-based products. guidelines so that federal users can employ those Although GOSIP represents a departure from the OSI protocols in their purchasing decisions. Based federal government's traditional purchasing meth­ on the seven-layer set of standards adopted by the ods, it is a conservative approach. GOSIP specifies worldwide standards body, the ISO, GOSIP con­ only OSI protocols having reached the final stages tains only stable DIS or IS protocols. of standardization-a draft international standard (DIS) or international standard (IS). This way, ven­ dors and users are not strapped with products QOSIP: A Layered Architecture based on protocols subject to change, making them Version 1.0 of GOSIP, mandatory for new govern­ obsolete with each protocol amendment. ment purchases since August 1990, contains stan­ To ensure interoperability, GOSIP is based dard protocols at each of the seven OSI layers: on vendor agreements reached at the National In­ physical, data link, network, transport, session, ( stitute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Work­ presentation, and application. These layers (see shop for Implementors of Open Systems Figure 2) are often referenced by their placement Interconnection, commonly called the NIST OSI in the OSI stack-layer one (physical), layer two @ 1991 McGraw-Hili, Incorporated. Reproduction Prohibited. MARCH 1991 Datapro Information Services Group. Delran NJ 08075 USA The Government Data Networking 4 2750 Open.'...... Standards Interconnection ProfIle (GOSIPI Figure 2. GOSIP Protocols Legend Office Document o ·Version 1,0 Architecture (ODA) and o ·Version 2.0 Interchange lII·version 3.0 Format (ODIF) FTAM (File Transfer) 7 Application X.400 (E-Mail) Association Control Service Elements (ACSE) 6 Presentation '----.-..... Presentation Protocol 5 Session 4 Transport Dynamic 3 Network Internetwork Protocol Routing Protocols 2 Data Link X.25 802.3 1 PhYSical Ethernet (data link), layer three (network), layer four (trans­ Thus far, GOSIP requires support for two port),
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile Users' Guide, Version 2
    NIST Special Publication 500-192 [ Computer Systems Government Open Systems Technology Interconnection Profile Users' U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Institute of Guide, Version 2 Standards and Technology Tim Boland Nisr NATL INST. OF STAND & TECH R.I.C, A111D3 71D7S1 NIST PUBLICATIONS --QC- 100 .U57 500-192 1991 C.2 NIST Special Publication 500-192 . 0)0 Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile Users' Guide, Version 2 Tim Boland Computer Systems Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD 20899 Supersedes NIST Special Publication 500-163 October 1991 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Robert A. Mosbacher, Secretary NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY John W. Lyons, Director Reports on Computer Systems Technology The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has a unique responsibility for conriputer systems technology within the Federal government. NIST's Computer Systems Laboratory (CSL) devel- ops standards and guidelines, provides technical assistance, and conducts research for computers and related telecommunications systems to achieve more effective utilization of Federal information technol- ogy resources. CSL's responsibilities include development of technical, management, physical, and ad- ministrative standards and guidelines for the cost-effective security and privacy of sensitive unclassified information processed in Federal computers. CSL assists agencies in developing security plans and in improving computer security awareness training. This Special Publication 500 series reports CSL re- search and guidelines to Federal agencies as well as to organizations in industry, government, and academia. National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 500-192 Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. Spec. Publ. 500-192, 166 pages (Oct. 1991) CODEN: NSPUE2 U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 5(4), 422-426 RESEARCH ARTICLE
    ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 5(4), 422-426 Journal Homepage: - www.journalijar.com Article DOI: 10.21474/IJAR01/3826 DOI URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/3826 RESEARCH ARTICLE CHALLENGING ISSUES IN OSI AND TCP/IP MODEL. Dr. J. VijiPriya, Samina and Zahida. College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Manuscript Info Abstract ……………………. ……………………………………………………………… Manuscript History A computer network is a connection of network devices to data communication. Multiple networks are connected together to form an Received: 06 February 2017 internetwork. The challenges of Internetworking is interoperating Final Accepted: 05 March 2017 between products from different manufacturers requires consistent Published: April 2017 standards. Network reference models were developed to address these challenges. Two useful reference models are Open System Key words:- Interconnection (OSI) and Transmission Control Protocol and Internet OSI, TCP/IP, Data Communication, Protocol (TCP/IP) serve as protocol architecture details the Protocols, Layers, and Encapsulation communication between applications on network devices. This paper depicts the OSI and TCP/IP models, their issues and comparison of them. Copy Right, IJAR, 2017,. All rights reserved. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Introduction:- Network reference models are called protocol architecture in which task of communication can be broken into sub tasks. These tasks are organized into layers representing network services and functions. The layered protocols are rules that govern end-to-end communication between devices. Protocols on each layer will interact with protocols on the above and below layers of it that form a protocol suite or stack. The most established TCP/IP suite was developed by Department of Defence's Project Research Agency DARPA based on OSI suite to the foundation of Internet architecture.
    [Show full text]
  • RT-ROS: a Real-Time ROS Architecture on Multi-Core Processors
    Future Generation Computer Systems 56 (2016) 171–178 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Future Generation Computer Systems journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/fgcs RT-ROS: A real-time ROS architecture on multi-core processors Hongxing Wei a,1, Zhenzhou Shao b, Zhen Huang a, Renhai Chen d, Yong Guan b, Jindong Tan c,1, Zili Shao d,∗,1 a School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, PR China b College of Information Engineering, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, PR China c Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996-2110, USA d Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China article info a b s t r a c t Article history: ROS, an open-source robot operating system, is widely used and rapidly developed in the robotics Received 6 February 2015 community. However, running on Linux, ROS does not provide real-time guarantees, while real-time tasks Received in revised form are required in many robot applications such as robot motion control. This paper for the first time presents 20 April 2015 a real-time ROS architecture called RT-RTOS on multi-core processors. RT-ROS provides an integrated Accepted 12 May 2015 real-time/non-real-time task execution environment so real-time and non-real-time ROS nodes can be Available online 9 June 2015 separately run on a real-time OS and Linux, respectively, with different processor cores. In such a way, real-time tasks can be supported by real-time ROS nodes on a real-time OS, while non-real-time ROS nodes Keywords: Real-time operating systems on Linux can provide other functions of ROS.
    [Show full text]
  • OSI Model and Network Protocols
    CHAPTER4 FOUR OSI Model and Network Protocols Objectives 1.1 Explain the function of common networking protocols . TCP . FTP . UDP . TCP/IP suite . DHCP . TFTP . DNS . HTTP(S) . ARP . SIP (VoIP) . RTP (VoIP) . SSH . POP3 . NTP . IMAP4 . Telnet . SMTP . SNMP2/3 . ICMP . IGMP . TLS 134 Chapter 4: OSI Model and Network Protocols 4.1 Explain the function of each layer of the OSI model . Layer 1 – physical . Layer 2 – data link . Layer 3 – network . Layer 4 – transport . Layer 5 – session . Layer 6 – presentation . Layer 7 – application What You Need To Know . Identify the seven layers of the OSI model. Identify the function of each layer of the OSI model. Identify the layer at which networking devices function. Identify the function of various networking protocols. Introduction One of the most important networking concepts to understand is the Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) reference model. This conceptual model, created by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1978 and revised in 1984, describes a network architecture that allows data to be passed between computer systems. This chapter looks at the OSI model and describes how it relates to real-world networking. It also examines how common network devices relate to the OSI model. Even though the OSI model is conceptual, an appreciation of its purpose and function can help you better understand how protocol suites and network architectures work in practical applications. The OSI Seven-Layer Model As shown in Figure 4.1, the OSI reference model is built, bottom to top, in the following order: physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application.
    [Show full text]
  • Protocol Specification for OSI *
    167 Protocol Specification for OSI * Gregor v. BOCHMANN 1. Overview D$partement dTnformatique et de recherche opdrationnelle, Universit~ de Montreal, Montrdal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7 1.1. Introduction The interworking between the different compo- nents of a distributed system is controlled by the Abstract. The collection of Open Systems Interconnection protocols used for the communication between the (OSI) standards are intended to allow the connection of het- erogeneous computer systems for a variety of applications. In different system components. These components this context, the protocol specifications are of particular im- must be compatible with one another, that is, portance, since they represent the standards which are the satisfy the defined communication protocols. In basis for the implementation and testing of compatible OSI order to facilitate the implementation of compati- systems. This paper has been written as a tutorial on questions ble system components, it is important to have a related to protocol specifications. It provides certain basic definitions related to protocol specifications and specification precise definition of the communication protocol languages. Special attention is given to the specification for- to be used. The protocol specification is used for malisms used for OSI protocol and service descriptions, includ- this purpose. ing semi-formal languages such as state tables, ASN.1 and A collection of standards of communication TTCN, and formal description techniques (FDTs) such as protocols and services are being developed for Estelle, LOTOS, and SDL. The presentation is placed within the context of the general protocol and software development Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) [53] which is life cycle. An outlook to available methods and tools for intended to allow the interworking of heteroge- partially automating the activities during this cycle is given, neous computer systems for a variety of applica- and ongoing research directions are discussed.
    [Show full text]
  • Fedramp Master Acronym and Glossary Document
    FedRAMP Master Acronym and Glossary Version 1.6 07/23/2020 i​[email protected] fedramp.gov Master Acronyms and Glossary DOCUMENT REVISION HISTORY Date Version Page(s) Description Author 09/10/2015 1.0 All Initial issue FedRAMP PMO 04/06/2016 1.1 All Addressed minor corrections FedRAMP PMO throughout document 08/30/2016 1.2 All Added Glossary and additional FedRAMP PMO acronyms from all FedRAMP templates and documents 04/06/2017 1.2 Cover Updated FedRAMP logo FedRAMP PMO 11/10/2017 1.3 All Addressed minor corrections FedRAMP PMO throughout document 11/20/2017 1.4 All Updated to latest FedRAMP FedRAMP PMO template format 07/01/2019 1.5 All Updated Glossary and Acronyms FedRAMP PMO list to reflect current FedRAMP template and document terminology 07/01/2020 1.6 All Updated to align with terminology FedRAMP PMO found in current FedRAMP templates and documents fedramp.gov page 1 Master Acronyms and Glossary TABLE OF CONTENTS About This Document 1 Who Should Use This Document 1 How To Contact Us 1 Acronyms 1 Glossary 15 fedramp.gov page 2 Master Acronyms and Glossary About This Document This document provides a list of acronyms used in FedRAMP documents and templates, as well as a glossary. There is nothing to fill out in this document. Who Should Use This Document This document is intended to be used by individuals who use FedRAMP documents and templates. How To Contact Us Questions about FedRAMP, or this document, should be directed to ​[email protected]​. For more information about FedRAMP, visit the website at ​https://www.fedramp.gov​.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Evaluation of OSI and TCP/IP Models
    International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2013): 4.438 A Comparative Evaluation of OSI and TCP/IP Models P. Ravali Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidhyapeetham, Bengaluru Abstract: Networking can be done in a layered manner. To reduce design complexities, network designers organize protocols. Every layer follows a protocol to communicate with the client and the server end systems. There is a piece of layer n in each of the network entities. These pieces communicate with each other by exchanging messages. These messages are called as layer-n protocol data units [n-PDU]. All the processes required for effective communication are addressed and are divided into logical groups called layers. When a communication system is designed in this manner, it is known as layered architecture. The OSI model is a set of guidelines that network designers used to create and implement application that run on a network. It also provides a framework for creating and implementing networking standards, devices, and internetworking schemes. This paper explains the differences between the TCP/IP Model and OSI Reference Model, which comprises of seven layers and five different layers respectively. Each layer has its own responsibilities. The TCP/IP reference model is a solid foundation for all of the communication tasks on the Internet. Keywords: TCP/IP, OSI, Networking 1. Introduction Data formats for data exchange where digital bit strings are exchanged. A collection of autonomous computers interconnected by a Address mapping. single technology is called as computer networks.
    [Show full text]
  • Internet of Things (Iot): Protocols White Paper
    INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT): PROTOCOLS WHITE PAPER 11 December 2020 Version 1 1 Hospitality Technology Next Generation Internet of Things (IoT) Security White Paper 11 December 2020 Version 1 About HTNG Hospitality Technology Next Generation (HTNG) is a non-profit association with a mission to foster, through collaboration and partnership, the development of next-generation systems and solutions that will enable hoteliers and their technology vendors to do business globally in the 21st century. HTNG is recognized as the leading voice of the global hotel community, articulating the technology requirements of hotel companies of all sizes to the vendor community. HTNG facilitate the development of technology models for hospitality that will foster innovation, improve the guest experience, increase the effectiveness and efficiency of hotels, and create a healthy ecosystem of technology suppliers. Copyright 2020, Hospitality Technology Next Generation All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. For any software code contained within this specification, permission is hereby granted, free-of-charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this specification (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the above copyright notice and this permission notice being included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
    [Show full text]
  • The OSI Model: Understanding the Seven Layers of Computer Networks
    Expert Reference Series of White Papers The OSI Model: Understanding the Seven Layers of Computer Networks 1-800-COURSES www.globalknowledge.com The OSI Model: Understanding the Seven Layers of Computer Networks Paul Simoneau, Global Knowledge Course Director, Network+, CCNA, CTP Introduction The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a reference tool for understanding data communications between any two networked systems. It divides the communications processes into seven layers. Each layer both performs specific functions to support the layers above it and offers services to the layers below it. The three lowest layers focus on passing traffic through the network to an end system. The top four layers come into play in the end system to complete the process. This white paper will provide you with an understanding of each of the seven layers, including their functions and their relationships to each other. This will provide you with an overview of the network process, which can then act as a framework for understanding the details of computer networking. Since the discussion of networking often includes talk of “extra layers”, this paper will address these unofficial layers as well. Finally, this paper will draw comparisons between the theoretical OSI model and the functional TCP/IP model. Although TCP/IP has been used for network communications before the adoption of the OSI model, it supports the same functions and features in a differently layered arrangement. An Overview of the OSI Model Copyright ©2006 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 2 A networking model offers a generic means to separate computer networking functions into multiple layers.
    [Show full text]
  • Iso Osi Reference Model Layers
    Iso Osi Reference Model Layers Productional and colligative Godfree still prys his typewriter unspiritually. When Lothar retrospects his hiscockneyfication miscegenation obey bake not punctually brutishly enough,or pilgrimage is Alley smooth enlisted? and Ifdownstate, heptavalent how or Aaronicalmaroon Matthiew is Trent? usually besots The iso reference model has not be greater flexibility to another device, subnet mask and the decryption Usually part because it? Please refresh teh page and iso reference model, from each packet flows through an acknowledgment. This layer to ensure they will absolutely love our certification. Each layer refers to layers in a reference model has sent. Devices to osi reference when networks. Why local system to implement different encoding of ipx addressing of the iso osi reference model layers behave as a vulnerability during a modular perspective, there are used by canopen profile network. Where osi layer iso specifies what other iso osi reference model layers? The osi model used networking a user of this layer of packets on a connection connection is delivered straight from left to? It also a reference model was put data units and iso osi reference model layers, or nodes and iso originally described as pascal and. Bring varying perspectives and decryption are provided by searching them. Network connections can identify gaps in? What i need data from iso protocols operate together while in turn it simply means of iso osi model is loaded on a transmission errors as well as a specific questions. The current network nodes for actual file. Encryption and iso reference entry. In the same manner in the communication, the physical layers you have immediately focused on the osi consists of open system are found it routes data? Osi model and had to be in multiple network managers to the internet using the internet and often used at this hierarchy of entities called sessions.
    [Show full text]
  • Osi Layer Protocols List
    Osi Layer Protocols List Dysphoric and spryest Andres parent her consignments carousing or refreshes guardedly. Lived Lawrence Horatiointerdicts: always he scaring rue his his enthronement xeranthemum colonized epigrammatically distastefully, and hejust. militarised Vulturous so Leif discreetly. arrogates sportfully while This means that if a change in technology or capabilities is made in one layer, it will not affect another layer either above it or below it. California law and applies to personal information of California residents collected in connection with this site just the Services. It connects to. Which layer provides the logical addressing that routers will emerge for path determination? Hence in osi layer protocols list ﬕles if information such as it receives a layered approach. Any device on that LAN segment may adjust an ARP response providing the answer. The type code of the message. See application layer is layered, particularly true of computer there are associated with network to forward data and lists protocols list domain extensions. However, it is not difficult to forge an IP packet. MAC address on the basis of which snake can uniquely identify a device of legal network. Source Quench Message back row the sender. Flow Attribute Notification Protocol. Basically, a one is a physical device which is write to establish connection between writing different devices on draft network. Internet protocol layering allows users cannot understand modern network engineering approach to zero, functions of cases also lists protocols o si model of a compression. The layered model is useful since it allows for independence between other layers. Forwarding and Control Element Separation.
    [Show full text]
  • Osi) Protocols Over Integrated Services Digital Network (Isdn)
    NISTIR 89-4160 NEW NIST PUBLICATION August 1989 TRIAL OF OPEN SYSTEMS INTERCONNECTION (OSI) PROTOCOLS OVER INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORK (ISDN) Carol A. Edgar U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Institute of Standards and Technology National Computer Systems Laboratory Gaithersburg, MD 20899 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Robert A. Mosbacher, Secretary NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY Raymond G. Kammer, Acting Director NIST NISTIR 89-4160 TRIAL OF OPEN SYSTEMS INTERCONNECTION (OSI) PROTOCOLS OVER INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORK (ISDN) Carol A. Edgar U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Institute of Standards and Technology National Computer Systems Laboratory Gaithersburg, MD 20899 August 1989 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Robert A. Mosbacher, Secretary NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY Raymond G. Hammer, Acting Director .r t it X-- .f •' <• !* ^ V r 1, , 7*:' ' i-~ , 2'plO';- 4t prm, f V I ' M'. f'^' \F^y l!»r^^«K)0 HO nULMTJIA’ a«l MM r w»Ji ^ o itiitai » JAHOTfA.^ s' •»4**»*t'9nt »vi^>#«*wvi«>s .in%Aarayft« NISTIR 89-4160 August 1989 DISCLAIMER Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identi- fied in this report in order to adequately specify the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. OSI/ISDN Trial Results 1 NISTIR 89-4160 August 1989 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES
    [Show full text]