DOCSLIB.ORG

Etsi Gr E4p 002 V1.1.1 (2021-02)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Etsi Gr E4p 002 V1.1.1 (2021-02) ETSI GR E4P 002 V1.1.1 (2021-02) GROUP REPORT Europe for Privacy-Preserving Pandemic Protection (E4P); Comparison of existing pandemic contact tracing systems Disclaimer The present document has been produced and approved by the Europe for Privacy-Preserving Pandemic Protection ETSI Industry Specification Group (ISG) and represents the views of those members who participated in this ISG. It does not necessarily represent the views of the entire ETSI membership. 2 ETSI GR E4P 002 V1.1.1 (2021-02) Reference DGR/E4P-002 Keywords covid, eHealth, emergency services, identity, mobility, pandemic, privacy, security, smartphone ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88 Important notice The present document can be downloaded from: http://www.etsi.org/standards-search The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the prevailing version of an ETSI deliverable is the one made publicly available in PDF format at www.etsi.org/deliver. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at https://portal.etsi.org/TB/ETSIDeliverableStatus.aspx If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: https://portal.etsi.org/People/CommiteeSupportStaff.aspx Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI. The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorization of ETSI. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. © ETSI 2021. All rights reserved. DECT™, PLUGTESTS™, UMTS™ and the ETSI logo are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPP™ and LTE™ are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. oneM2M™ logo is a trademark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the oneM2M Partners. GSM® and the GSM logo are trademarks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI 3 ETSI GR E4P 002 V1.1.1 (2021-02) Contents Intellectual Property Rights ................................................................................................................................ 5 Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................. 5 Modal verbs terminology .................................................................................................................................... 5 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 5 1 Scope ........................................................................................................................................................ 6 2 References ................................................................................................................................................ 6 2.1 Normative references ......................................................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Informative references ........................................................................................................................................ 6 3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations ..................................................................................... 10 3.1 Terms ................................................................................................................................................................ 10 3.2 Symbols ............................................................................................................................................................ 11 3.3 Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................................... 11 4 Current landscape of pandemic contact tracing ...................................................................................... 12 4.1 Overview: a universe of apps ........................................................................................................................... 12 4.2 Manual pandemic contact tracing ..................................................................................................................... 12 4.3 Digital pandemic contact tracing: initiatives per country ................................................................................. 13 4.3.0 General ........................................................................................................................................................ 13 4.3.1 Austria (project "Stopp Corona") ................................................................................................................ 13 4.3.2 Estonia (project "Hoia") .............................................................................................................................. 14 4.3.3 Finland (project "Koronavilkku") ............................................................................................................... 15 4.3.4 France (project "StopCovid") ..................................................................................................................... 19 4.3.5 Germany (project "Corona-Warn-App")..................................................................................................... 19 4.3.6 India (project "Aarogya Setu") ................................................................................................................... 20 4.3.7 Ireland (project "COVID Tracker") ............................................................................................................ 21 4.3.8 Italy (project "Immuni") ............................................................................................................................. 23 4.3.9 Japan (project "COCOA") .......................................................................................................................... 23 4.3.10 Lithuania (project "Korona Stop LT") ........................................................................................................ 24 4.3.11 Poland (project "ProteGO Safe") ................................................................................................................ 25 4.3.12 Singapore (project "Trace Together") ......................................................................................................... 26 4.3.13 Spain (project "Radar COVID") ................................................................................................................. 27 4.3.14 Switzerland (project "SwissCovid") ........................................................................................................... 27 4.3.15 United States (project "CoEpi") .................................................................................................................. 28 4.3.16 Summary ..................................................................................................................................................... 30 4.3.17 Other initiatives .......................................................................................................................................... 32 5 General approach to digital pandemic contact tracing ........................................................................... 32 5.1 Generic systems using a back-end server, a mobile device & app, and Bluetooth® Low Energy .................... 32 5.1.0 Overview .................................................................................................................................................... 32 5.1.1 Systems having possible risk of infection detected by a server .................................................................. 33 5.1.2 Systems having possible risk of infection detected by a device.................................................................. 34 5.1.3 Commonalities and differences between systems ....................................................................................... 34 5.2 Other systems ................................................................................................................................................... 34 5.2.0 Overview .................................................................................................................................................... 34 5.2.1 Token-based systems .................................................................................................................................. 35 5.2.2 Acoustic-based systems .............................................................................................................................. 36 6 Existing
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Data, AI Governance, and COVID -19: Medium and Long-Term Perspectives for Asia
    September, 2020 Data, AI Governance, and COVID -19: Medium and Long-Term Perspectives for Asia CHINA Yi Zeng Kang Sun Enmeng Lu Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences SOUTH KOREA Sangchul Park Yong Lim Seoul National University Seoul National University SINGAPORE Mark Findlay Singapore Management University JAPAN Arisa Ema The University of Tokyo Table of Contents Foreword 03 CHINA 06 Ethics and Governance Perspectives to Fight Against Catastrophic Risks: From COVID-19 to Long-term Safety Issues of Artificial General Intelligence 1. AI Ethics, Governance and Practices in Fighting Against COVID-19 06 2. The use of AI to Fight Against COVID-19: Technical advancements, Ethical Risks, and Governance 06 2-1 Overview of AI usage to COVID-19 06 2-2 Health code system 08 2-3 Social, Ethical, and Legal concerns, and responses to Data Governance 09 2-4 Privacy Protection for Public Health Management 10 3. Yet Another Potential Catastrophic Risk: Long-term Safety Issues of Artificial General Intelligence 11 SOUTH KOREA 14 Harnessing technology to tackle COVID-19: Lessons from Korea 1. Korea Responds to COVID-19 14 2. The Role of Technology in Korea’s Response to COVID-19 14 2-1 GPS Tracking for Quarantine Measures 14 2-2 Automated Contact Tracing 15 2-3 Public Disclosure of the Routes of Confirmed Cases 17 3. Tech Governance Issues in the COVID-19 Era 17 3-1 Technology Enabled Centralized Contact Tracing 17 3-2 Public Disclosure of the Route of Confirmed Cases 19 4. Looking Ahead 21 01 Table of Contents SINGPORE 23 Singapore and COVID-19 control – a tale of 2 cities? 1.
    [Show full text]
  • View Questions Tabled on PDF File 0.16 MB
    Published: Thursday 22 October 2020 Questions tabled on Wednesday 21 October 2020 Includes questions tabled on earlier days which have been transferred. T Indicates a topical oral question. Members are selected by ballot to ask a Topical Question. † Indicates a Question not included in the random selection process but accepted because the quota for that day had not been filled. N Indicates a question for written answer on a named day under S.O. No. 22(4). [R] Indicates that a relevant interest has been declared. Questions for Answer on Thursday 22 October Questions for Written Answer 1 Tim Farron (Westmorland and Lonsdale): To ask the Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, if he will extend the Green Homes Grant for 12 months to March 2022 to (a) allow the full uptake of the scheme and (b) help stimulate new green jobs. [Transferred] (106286) 2 N Neil Gray (Airdrie and Shotts): To ask the Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, what steps his Department is taking to maximise uptake of the Warm Home Scheme among pensioners eligible for Pension Credit but not yet claiming that benefit. [Transferred] (105382) 3 Henry Smith (Crawley): To ask the Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport, what plans he has to support equine rescue charities whose income has reduced as a result of the covid-19 outbreak and who are ineligible for the job support schemes. [Transferred] (106523) 4 Tom Tugendhat (Tonbridge and Malling): To ask the Secretary of State for Transport, how many local authorities have (a) offered structural payment plans and (b) provided three month delays to payments for annual taxi licence renewals since March 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • Bcpct]Ttsbc^Prc U^A Dq[XRV^^S
    6 < %()(=#%% 53%7==,>3='$()6(=#%% (#-'>3='$()6(=#%% $'()"*$+&,- %( !"# $$%& 2(*3-% (566)(37)% 3 0 4 $5 3 $1 2 0 .8 9 8 ++0 0 .:; . !" . / 01 $ %'( $) '# *' it for the last eight to nine notable achievements to its months, “where is the UN in name in the 75 years of its aking a strong case for a this joint fight. Where is the experience, including the pre- Msignificant role for India effective response.” vention of a third world war, in the United Nations, Prime Focussing on a more “we can’t deny terrorist attacks 0 Minister Narendra Modi on prominent role for India in the shook the world”. Saturday stressed the need for UN and fight against corona, “We have successfully ne of the oldest partners changes in the international the Prime Minister avoided avoided a third world war but Oof the BJP — the body and questioned its posi- making any reference to ongo- we cannot deny many wars Shiromani Akali Dal — which tion in fighting the coron- ing tension at the Line of happened, many civil wars has been with it through thick avirus pandemic. Actual Control (LAC) and happened. Terrorist attack and thin for decades, finally He also assured the global frosty ties with Pakistan in his shook the world. Blood was quit the National Democratic Q community that India will pro- 20-minute speech. He also did spilled. Those were killed were Alliance (NDA) on Saturday, vide corona vaccine to the not respond to Pakistan Prime like you and me. Children left signaling a complete political world as it is the world’s biggest Minister Imran Khan’s remarks the world prematurely,” he said.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2020
    Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries 2020 Annual Report 2020 Annual Report Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries Public Relations and Information Department Helferstorferstrasse 17 1010 Vienna, Austria Telephone: +43 1 211 12-0 Fax: +43 1 216 43 20 www.opec.org Chairman of the Editorial Board Mohammad Sanusi Barkindo, Secretary General Editor-in-Chief Head, PR and Information Department Hasan Hafidh Editors Maureen MacNeill Scott Laury Design Carola Bayer Production Andrea Birnbach Photographs Herwig Steiner Wolfgang Hammer Cover and illustrations: Shutterstock Copyright 2021 Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries ISSN 0474-6317 Printed in Austria by Wograndl Druck GmbH Table of Contents 1 Foreword 4 The world economy 4 14 Oil market developments 36 OPEC turns 60 14 46 COVID-19 turns oil market on its head in 2020 52 Activities of the Secretariat 36 86 Heads of Delegation 88 Board of Governors 90 Economic Commission Board 46 92 Officials of the Secretariat 94 Secretary General’s diary 100 Calendar 94 100 Annual Report 2020 Foreword Mohammad Sanusi Barkindo OPEC Secretary General Foreword The year 2020 was like no other in living history. Not since the ‘Spanish Flu’ 100 years ago has a pandemic struck our planet. COVID-19 is most certainly the distinguishing feature of the year, for both the oil market and mankind. At the World Economic Forum Meeting in Davos on 21–24 January, the feeling was overwhelmingly positive among leaders and commentators, and the outlook for the global economy in 2020 bright. This feeling and any belief that the spread of COVID-19 would be limited was shattered in Feb- ruary, as the virus started to appear worldwide and hot spots like IR Iran and Italy came into focus.
    [Show full text]
  • Will We Be Able to Achieve Herd Immunity Against COVID-19?
    35 Will We Be Able to Achieve Herd Immunity Against COVID-19? Series | COVID-19 & response strategy Authors: Clara Marín, Oriana Ramírez, Carlota Dobaño, Jeffrey V Lazarus, Gemma Moncunill and Adelaida Sarukhan (ISGlobal)* [ This document is a one On 10 May 2021, the Spanish prime defines herd immunity as “the indirect of a series of discussion minister announced that, if the vaccine protection from an infectious disease that notes addressing delivery schedule is met, Spain would happens when a population is immune fundamental questions reach the government’s desired level of either through vaccination or immunity about the COVID-19 herd immunity—70% of the population developed through previous infection”2. crisis and response vaccinated—in 100 days, i.e. on 18 Au- Since the start of the pandemic, the pos- strategies. These gust1. Given the available evidence, is this sibility of achieving herd immunity documents are based claim realistic? has been touted as a way to avoid shut- on the best scientific ting down the economy or accelerate its Since COVID-19 was declared a pan- information available re-opening. However, this proved to be a demic in March 2020, our societies have and may be updated as double-edged sword. Countries such as undergone profound changes, starting new information comes Sweden and the United Kingdom tried to light.] with government-imposed restrictions on to base their strategy on achieving early fundamental rights such as freedom of herd immunity by allowing a majority of movement and freedom of assembly. An the population to become infected. These effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 strategies were either rectified, as in the was seen as the great hope for a way out United Kingdom, or mortality increased of the health and economic crisis caused by 11 June 2021 to an unjustifiable extent, as in Sweden.
    [Show full text]
  • Medical Update Q&A's
    Medical Update Q&A’s Wednesday, July 15, 2020 Q1: How is TONHC preparing for flu season? Seasonal flu returns each year and infections usually begin in early winter through spring. TONHC has a team that prepares for the flu season each year. A team from epidemiology, public health, pharmacy, nursing, and the medical staff plan, order vaccine, and prepare clinics to deliver immuni- zations. Vaccines will be offered as early as they are available this year to maximize the number of people that get immunized. In a typical year, only about 35-40% of Americans get a flu shot. For the last several years, TONHC has vaccinated between 50-60% of the patients that get their care here and we hope to deliver even more vaccines this year. Despite our vaccination rates being better than most of the country, our aim is to vaccinate as many people in the community as possible. Q2: How will vaccinations be scheduled in COVID-19 environment? Protecting the community from flu this year will be even more important because health care systems could easily become overwhelmed with patients also needing care for COVID-19. Both diseases spread easily, can cause people to miss work, and as we have seen, for some, can be fatal. The flu vaccine is especially helpful to protect people from fatal influenza disease. Each year the strain of flu changes and vaccines have to be manufactured in spring and summer. These generally become available in early autumn. TONHC will give flu shots at all the health centers, in special Flu clinics called “PODs” or “point of delivery” which and be walk-through or drive-through clinics for many people at the same time and can occur at different locations.
    [Show full text]
  • Thursday, April 22, 2021
    TE NUPEPA O TE TAIRAWHITI THURSDAY, APRIL 22, 2021 HOME-DELIVERED $1.90, RETAIL $2.20 ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT // PAGES 23-26 PUNCHED WOMAN IN FACE: MAN ON A SPACE Suppression MISSION PAGE 3 PAGE 9 appeal fails INSIDE TODAY IN THE RED ZONE: Queens/ Titirangi Drive, the road over Titirangi/Kaiti Hill, is open to vehicles again after contractors finished line- marking the new one-way system. The line markings define the one-way route (red) for cars and the cycle and walking lane (green). The entire project is expected to be finished next month. Busy with the rollers on the red side of the road are, front, Coastline Markers Waikato foreman Simon Costain and, from left, Fred Chapman, site traffic management supervisor Joerena Wharehinga, Omar Bashe and Morehu Enoka. Picture by Liam Clayton Frustrated OIympic ‘WE’RE OUT’ Pool Redevelopment Group calls it quits A WATER sports advocate The Gisborne Herald (April 3) that “With the amount of government Mrs Keepa said widening the pool and group is disbanding with “intense councillors, during a public excluded support this project received, the group being able to change the depth at one end disappointment” at being “kept in the meeting (on March 18), approved the don’t want to see money taken away with a moveable floor would “maximise dark” over plans for the new Olympic moveable floor but only if the group from other critical projects in Tairawhiti, the usability for the community — aqua Pool Complex. secured the $1.5 million required for it including many other facilities due to be fitness, injury rehabilitation, family use, The Game-Changing Opportunity by April 30.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Contact Tracing Options for South Africa
    Assessment of contact tracing options for South Africa By Dr David Johnson 409 The Studios Old Castle Brewery 6 Beach Road Woodstock, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa Phone: +27 21 447 6332 Fax: +27 21 447 9529 www.researchictafrica.net 1. Executive Summary 1 2. Abbreviations 4 3. Acknowledgements 5 4. Introduction 6 5. Contact tracing approaches 9 5.1. Manual contact tracing 9 5.2. Direct proximity detection 10 5.3. Position-based tracking (GPS / cell tower triangulation) 12 5.4. Physical code scanning systems 13 6. Current device ecosystem and availability of smartphones 15 6.1. Contact tracing technology support 15 6.2. Contact tracing operating system aspects 17 6.3. Projected smartphone penetration 18 6.4. Potential effectiveness of smartphone-based contact tracing in South Africa 19 7. Current smartphone applications/platforms available 20 7.1. Safe Paths 21 7.2. Path check suite 21 7.3. BlueTrace (Known as TraceTogether in Singapore) 22 7.4. Covid Watch 22 7.5. Covid Alert South Africa 22 7.6. Covi-ID 23 8. Current challenges deploying Covid Alert in South Africa 23 9. Heat Maps 24 9.1. Active cases 24 9.2. Movement data 24 9.3. Crowdsourced hotspot mapping 26 10. Immunity passports 27 11. Data protection considerations 28 11.1. Weaknesses at point of detection 28 11.2. Weaknesses in stored identity data 29 12. Conclusion 29 13. References 33 1. Executive Summary Current epidemiology research on COVID-19 shows that contact tracing is only able to curb the growth of the epidemic, if we identify 50% of the positive cases and trace 60% of their contacts with no delay (Ferretti et al., 2020).
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of Aarogya Setu Application Shweta Devidas Kedare1
    International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 07 Issue: 06 | June 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 Overview of Aarogya Setu Application Shweta Devidas Kedare1 1Shweta Devidas Kedare, Department of Master of Computer Application, ASM IMCOST, Maharashtra, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - The app - Aarogya Setu, which means "bridge to health" in Sanskrit -It is an Indian app which was launched on April 2nd 2020, by Indian government. It is designed as a Coronavirus, or COVID-19 contact tracing app that uses the Bluetooth and location technology in phones to note when you are near another user who also uses the Aarogya Setu app. In case someone you have come in close proximity to is confirmed infected, you are alerted. The app alerts are produced by instructions on how to self-isolate and what to do in case you develop symptoms. Basically this app gives basic information about Covid-19, including hygiene and social distancing protocols. It also has details of how one could donate to the prime minister’s coronavirus-specific relief fund, PM-Cares. India has made it mandatory for government and private sector employees to download it But users and experts in India and around the world say the app raises huge data security concerns. KeyWords: security, data, private, information, COVID-19, technology, location, bluetooth, proximity, etc. 1. INTRODUCTION Since the risk of COVID-19 started increasing in India so, The government of India decided to launch the application, name Aarogya Setu, which was intended to monitor the ratio of COVID-19 patients in India .This app is an updated version of an earlier app called Corona Kavach (now discontinued) which was released earlier by the Government of India.
    [Show full text]
  • Covid-19 Vaccines: Delivering Protective Immunity
    EDITORIALS BMJ: first published as 10.1136/bmj.m4838 on 17 December 2020. Downloaded from 1 University of Nottingham, Covid-19 vaccines: delivering protective immunity Nottingham, UK Evidence supports both T and B cell responses to the three leading vaccines 2 University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Herb F Sewell, 1 Raymond M Agius, 2 Denise Kendrick, 1 Marcia Stewart3 3 De Montfort University, Leicester, UK Early in the covid-19 pandemic it was unclear whether as the ELISpot assay as a means of documenting Correspondence to H.Sewell and how individuals and populations would develop specific T cell responses to viral antigens.9 -11 [email protected] protective and enduring immunity against Individuals with high antibody levels after infection Cite this as: BMJ 2020;371:m4838 SARS-CoV-2, either after infection or vaccination. have been shown to have a high number of http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m4838 Initial focus was on defining virus neutralising SARS-CoV-2 specific T cells secreting interferon γ.10 Published: 17 December 2020 antibodies from B cells after infection. Early reports T cells producing interferon γ have also been detected indicated that such antibodies decline substantially a median of 75 days after PCR confirmed covid-19 in over less than six months, raising questions about people with undetectable SARS-CoV-2 antibodies,10 how long protective immunity might last following suggesting immunity is partly mediated and infection. T cells are also known to be important in maintained by memory T cells. Finally, a preprint of protecting against many viral infections through a recent study of 100 people with a history of processes known as cellular immunity.
    [Show full text]
  • School Principals
    Dr. Eileen de Villa Medical Officer of Health Public Health toronto.ca/health 277 Victoria Street 5th Floor Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W2 September 9, 2020 Dear School Principal, Re: School Health Response and Services During COVID-19 Ensuring the health and safety of students and staff is our shared priority. As Toronto schools prepare to reopen this September, I would like to provide you with some important updates about Toronto Public Health (TPH) school health supports and services. COVID-19 School Liaison Team Toronto Public Health's new COVID-19 School Liaison Team will provide dedicated support to schools and school boards to help implement public health and prevention measures during the school year, including: assessing and consulting with schools as it relates to COVID-19 prevention measures; providing resources and supports to school staff, parents/caregivers on COVID-19 prevention, and mental health & well-being promotion; assisting school communities in navigating TPH COVID-19 supports and services such as reporting any COVID-19 cases; and supporting the school community in the event of an outbreak. COVID-19 School Case and Contact and Outbreak Team In the event that someone in the school community (student or staff) contracts COVID-19, TPH Communicable Disease Investigators will conduct an investigation and provide recommendations in accordance with public health guidance. Toronto Public Health Resources Toronto Public Health has developed a range of resources to support school reopening, including: Guidance for Re-Opening Schools JK to Grade 12 Schools JK to Grade 12 COVID-19 Prevention Checklist COVID-19 JK to Grade 12 School Resources Toronto Public Health COVID-19 Contact List for Schools 2020/2021 2 School communities are also encouraged to download Health Canada's COVID Alert app so they can be notified directly if they have been in close contact with someone who was contagious with COVID-19.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of India's Contact-Tracing App, Aarogya Setu
    Doc Title A Review of India’s Contact-Tracing App, Aarogya Setu A - Front Page two line title ARTICLE A Review of India’s Contact-tracing App, Aarogya Setu The Government of India’s Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) agency launched Aarogya Setu, a contact-tracing mobile application. Aarogya Setu has been created by the National Informatic Centre (NIC) in response to the COVID-19 crisis, as a way to collect and understand public health-related data.1 The application uses mobile phones to perform a cross reference of individuals’ data with the database held by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), “On various online discussion which was specially created as part of ongoing COVID-19 testing infrastructure. forums, there is significant The purpose of Aarogya Setu is to notify users whether they have been exposed interest in the workings of this to COVID-19, by checking their proximity to known patients. In the event of a government- managed app match, the application will warn other users in the area that an infected person and its use of personal and is in their proximity. According to the press release dated May 26, 2020 available sensitive user data..”123 on mygov.in website, roughly 114 million users have adopted the app.2 Aarogya Setu also collects some sensitive personal information including gender and recent travel information. This has raised privacy and security questions. This whitepaper evaluates the functionality and data privacy aspects of the application. About Aarogya Setu Aarogya Setu app is a self-assessment disease monitoring app launched by the Indian government.
    [Show full text]