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Myrmeleon Larvae of Florida (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) 1

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Myrmeleon Larvae of Florida (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) 1 Lucas & Stange': Florida Myrmeleon Larvae 207 KEY AND DESCRIPTIONS TO THE MYRMELEON LARVAE OF FLORIDA (NEUROPTERA: MYRMELEONTIDAE) 1 J"EFFREY R. LUCAS2 AND LIONEL A. STANGE3 ABSTRACT Descriptions of the 3rd instar larva of 5 of the 6 species of Myrmeleon found in Florida are given. Only M. immaculatus De Geer has been described previously. Myrmeleon insertus Hagen is a new record for the state. A key to the species is provided with the diagnostic characters (chaetotaxy of the mandible; pigmentation pattern of the ventral surface of the head) illus­ trated. RESUMEN Clave y descripciones de las larvas de Myrmeleon de Florida. Se describe el tercer estadio de las larvas de cinco de las seis especies floridanas. Son M. carolinus Banks, M. crudelis Walker, M. immaculatus De Geer, M. insertus Hagen, y M. mobilis Hagen. La larva de M. heriocles Hagen es desconocida. Se presentan dibujos y una clave para las especies basada sobre las setas de la mandibula y la pigmentacion de la superficie ventral de la capsula cefalica. Five species of the ant-lion genus Myrmeleon have been recorded from Florida. These are immac'uJatus De Geer, mobilis Hagen, crudelis Walker, heriocles Banks, and carolinus (Banks 1928, 1943). In addition, we add to the list a sixth species, insertus Hagen, known only from the Florida Keys and the West Indies. The larvae construct pit-fall traps and can move only backward, be­ havioral traits which distinguish them from all other ant-lion larvae in Florida. Structurally, the short labial palps (shorter than basal width of mandible) and the long 3-toothed mandibles with long setae between the teeth (Fig. 1) serve to distinguish them from other genera in Florida (Stange 1970). Only the larva of immaculatus has been described (Hagen 1873, Wheeler 1930). In this paper we provide descriptions and drawings to distinguish 5 of the 6 known species (heriocles is unknown in the larval stage). Myr1neleon carolinus, crudelis, mobilis, and insertus have been reared several times from various localities in Florida, but immaculatus has been found only as an adult; the larval description is based on material from other states. All specimens examined are preserved in the Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville. l.A joint contribution of the University of Florida~ Depart:ment of Zoology, Gainesville, and the Florida Dept. of Agr. and Consu:mer Services, Division of Plant Industry. Contribution No. 489, Bureau of Ento:mology~ DPI. 2University of Florida~ Depart:ment of Zoology, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. 3Florida Department of Agriculture and Consu:mer Services, Division of Plant Industry. Gainesville, FL 32602 USA. ot\J 00 TABLE 1. HEAD MEASUREMENTS OF Myrmeleon LARVAE FROM FLORIDA. ALL LENGTHS ARE MEAN VALUES GIVEN IN MM WITH STANDARD DEVIATION IN PARENTHESES. SETAE NUMBERS ARE MEAN VALUES WITH RANGES IN PARENTHESES. ~ Head Head ~ 0 # Setae- # Setae- # Setae- width/ width/ ~ Mandible Head Head jaw to 1st to 2nd to Mand. Head Species Instar N length width length 1st tooth 2nd tooth 3rd tooth width length ~ ~ ~ ~ insertus 3 7 1.63 (.08) 1.31 (.05) 1.76 (.01) 3 (2 .. 6) 0(0) 0(0) 0.80 0.74 0 insertus 2 3 0.99 (.01) 0.81 (.01) 1.07 (.01) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0.82 0.76 ~ 0 crude lis 3 36 1.75 (.06) 1.38 (.07) 1.86 (.10) 8 (3 .. 12) 0(0-1) 0(0) 0.79 0.74 ~ 0 crude lis 2 20 1.11 (.04) 0.88(.04) 1.17 (.05) 2 (0-5) 0(0) 0(0) 0.79 0.75 ~ crude lis 1 7 0.76 (.04) 0.55 (.03) 0.69 (.05) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0.72 0.80 ~. carolinus 3 21 ' 1.58 (.03) 1.40 (.03) 1.82 (.07) 11 (6-18) 4 (2 .. 7) 2 (0-6) 0.89 0.77 C"'I- ~ carolinus 2 17 1.08 (.04) 0.89 (.03) 1.15 (.03) 5 (2-7) 2 (2-4) 1 (0-2) 0.82 0.77 ~ ~ carolinus 1 12 0.70 (.01) 0.54 (.01) 0.65 (.02) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0.77 0.83 l\j mobilis 3 18 2.37 (.13) 1.77 (.10) 2.20 (.14) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0.75 0.80 'wi mobilis 2 17 1.55 (.09) 1.15 (.02) 1.47 (.07) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0.71 0.77 mobilis 1 15 1.03 (.03) 0.71 (.02) 0.87 (.04) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0.69 0.82 immaculatus 3 3 2.54 2.05 2.38 3 (1-4) 0(0) 0(0) 0.81 0.86 from Ohio & Missouri c....r ~ =CD ~ ~ (0 00 ~ Lucas & Stange: Florida Myrmeleon Larvae 209 Inner Jaw Setae ~~~p-------Distal Palpomere with Sensory Area Fig. 1. Ventral view of head capsule of Myrmeleon (modified from Principi 1943). From the 1st to 3rd instar the ratio of head width to mandible length generally increases for all species, and the ratio of head width to head length generally decreases. Thus, earlier instars have relatively longer mandibles and stouter heads than later instars. The following descriptions pertain to the 3rd instar, the last before pupa­ tion. METHODS Specimens were examined from 36 locations representing 21 different counties in Florida. Larval specimens of M. immaculatu8 were studied from Missouri and Ohio. We reared specimens of carolinus (89 reared), crudelis 133 reared), mobilis (66 reared), and insertus (8 reared). To characterize 210 Florida Entomologist 64 (2) June, 1981 differences between species in size and shape of the head, we measured head width, head length, and mandible length (Table 1). Head width was taken near the mandibles where the width was maximum. Head length was meas­ ured from the point mid-way between the mandible bases to the median posterior point of the head. Mandible length was measured from the tip of the right mandible to its inner base. We also describe setation patterns from the ventral side of the mandibles that are species specific. These setae, which we call inner jaw setae (Fig. 1), are found on the inner side of the mandi­ bles near the teeth. These setae originate from the ventral side of the mandi­ ble. All ant-lions have setae originating from the lateral inner border. All counts are given for the right mandible. The 3 teeth on the inside of the jaw are numbered 1-3, starting from the tooth nearest the base of the mandible (as in Dofiein 1916). We studied 166 larvae of carolinus, 168 of crudelis, 106 of mobilis, and 19 of insertus. Nine specimens of immaculatus from Ohio and Missouri were studied to provide tentative identification, although Florida specimens are needed to confirm the pigment pattern. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Five species of ant-lions were examined: M. immaculatus, mobilis, crude lis, carolinus, and insertus. The 6th species, heriocles, which is known only from a few adult specimens, was not available as a larva and is not in­ cluded in this study. The character that most easily distinguishes the species is the pigmenta­ tion on the ventral side of the head. Although one basic pattern is found in all species, each exhibits a unique variation. The pattern consists of a V-shaped mark below the labium with 2 spots, 1 on either side of the head, belo"\v the "V" (Fig. 2-5). The pattern for each species is described below with the species descriptions. Banks (1928, 1943) separated immaculatus and mobilis from crude lis and carolinus adults on the basis of several morphological characters, including size. Inse'rtus is approximately the same size as crudelis and thus the 5 spe­ cies can be broken into large (mobilis and immaculatus) and small (insertus, carolinus, and crude lis ) ant-lions. In general, the color patterns on the ventral side of the head are retained through all 3 instars. Occasionally, the head of the 1st instar carolinus is entirely black below and black with a median tan stripe dorsally. The number of inner jaw setae increases as the ant-lion grows from 1st instar through the 3rd instar, and therefore this character is useful in distinguishing only the 3rd instar (Table 1). Myrmeleon carolinus Banks 1943 (Fig. 2) DESCRIPTION: Head oval-shaped, more elongate than other species. Head width (1.40 mm) approximately equal to that of crudelis, smaller than im­ maculatus and mobilis. Mandibles shorter and broader than those of other species. Inner jaw setae always extend past the 1st tooth and usually past the 2nd (Table 1). Setae on head, especially lateral and ventral, shorter than all other species. Lucas & Stange': Florida Myrmeleon Larvae 211 PIGMENTATION: Head and mandibles brown.; Ventral and dorsal side of body with rows of black pigment on gray background. Ventral side of head: "V'" broad with rounded tips, arms separated. Spots large and circular, generally well defined. Lighter pigmentation from "V" to spots forms "M" shape (Fig. 2). Dorsal side of head: Almost entirely dark brown. Median tan stripe in posterior portion and 2 "V"-shaped tan marks behind each eye. DISTRIBUTION: Found throughout North and Central Florida. We have rec­ ords only as far south as Highlands County. Banks (1943) reported carolinus from Florida, Georgia, and North Carolina. M. carolinus is generally found 2 Fig. 2. Ventral view of head capsule of Myrmeleon carolinus Banks. 212 Florida Entomologist 64 (2) June, 1981 in open, sandy areas, although it is occasionally collected in sheltered areas with crudelis. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: FLORIDA: Alachua Co., Gainesville (12) III, V, X, various collectors; Bay Co., St. Andrews State Park (10) 8-111-1980, B.
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