David McDonagh Anesthesiology and Pain Correlating angiographic Cerebral vasospasm is the leading cause of disability and death in Management vessel caliber with patients who experience a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Currently, transcranial Doppler flow the gold standard for diagnosis is cerebral angiogram or computed velocities in patients tomography angiogram. These tools have a high specificity and with subarachnoid sensitivity; however, they are invasive, expensive, and expose hemorrhage patients to radiation. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography is another tool used to screen and diagnose for cerebral vasospasm. It is non-invasive, inexpensive, and does not expose patients to radiation. This test is controversial over its use as a diagnostic tool as its sensitivity varies depending on the artery that is measured, but it is commonly used to screen patients for vasospasm. This study is designed to compare blood vessel diameters with corresponding velocities. Eventually we plan on stratifying patients into risk categories based on the velocities of different measured vessels. Tiffany Moon Anesthesiology and Pain Cocaine Use and General Hypothesis: We plan to enroll 300 patients in order to prove 1) Management Anesthesia: A cocaine patients have no increased risk of adverse events, 2) Prospective Study of cocaine patients have no increased levels of CRP and troponin, and Cardiovascular and 3) cocaine patients do not need higher amounts of anesthesia to Anesthetic Effects maintain adeQuate depth of anesthesia. Tiffany Moon Anesthesiology and Pain Incidence of Primary Hypothesis: The incidence of postoperative residual Management Postoperative neuromuscular blockade in patients in Parkland PACU will be about Neuromuscular Blockade 20%. in the Post Anesthesia Secondary Hypothesis: Obese and morbidly obese patients will have Care Unit at Parkland a greater incidence of postoperative residual NMB compared to Hospital: Does Size lean patients. Matter? Carole Mendelson Biochemistry and Ob- Role of Vitamin D To identify novel genes that maintain uterine Quiescence during Gyn Metabolism in the pregnancy and promote the initiation of term and preterm labor, Timing of Birth our lab conducted RNA-seQ analysis of poly(A)+ RNA from myometrium of timed-pregnant mice at 15.5 - 18.5 days post- coitum (dpc) and during labor (19.0 dpc). Intriguingly, one of the most highly downregulated transcripts at 18.5 dpc and in-labor, compared to 15.5 dpc, was Cyp27b1, which was decreased by ~70% at 18.5 dpc and by 95% during labor, as compared to 15.5 dpc. Cyp27b1 encodes 1-hydroxylase, the key enzyme in synthesis of the active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), which binds to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a member of the steroid receptor family. In the same series of samples, VDR expression was decreased by 25% during labor, compared to 15.5 dpc. Moreover, vitamin D deficiency and VDR polymorphisms have been linked to spontaneous PTB. During pregnancy, T cells express VDR; 1,25(OH)2D3 was found to suppress proinflammatory T effector cells, and to promote expansion of regulatory T cells (Treg), which protect the fetus from maternal rejection. Hypotheses: Based on these collective findings, as well as the pronounced decline in Cyp27b1 expression in mouse myometrium during late gestation and in labor, we postulate that Cyp27b1 and VDR are key P4/PR target genes in the pregnant myometrium that act cooperatively with P4/PR to maintain myometrial Quiescence. Further, the decline in PR function near term results in decreased Cyp27b1/VDR, which contributes to increased myometrial contractility leading to labor. We also hypothesize that 1,25(OH)2D3 may provide a safe and effective treatment for prevention of PTB.. Luke Rice Biophysics Structure, Function, and The aim was to express, purify, and study the tubulin binding Biochemistry of ChTOG, patterns of the ChTOG TOG5, XMAP215 TOG5, and ZYG9 TOG3. ZYG9, and XMAP215 ZYG9 TOG3 is homologous to vertebrate TOG5 domains expected to TOG Domains eliminate tubulin binding). ZYG9 TOG3 were successfully purified. The cosedimentation data indicates that ZYG9 TOG3 does not bind to GMPCPP stabilized vertebrate microtubules. Future direction includes more binding assays to test the affinity of ZYG9 TOG3 and its mutants to unpolymerized and polymerized vertebrate tubulin. Mark Drazner Cardiology Association of Genetic Background and Objective: African Americans compared to whites Markers of African have increased electrocardiographic (EKG) voltage and left Ancestry with ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) as assessed by cardiac magnetic Electrocardiographic resonance (CMR). It is uncertain whether these ethnic differences Voltage and Cardiac have a genetic basis. Our study aimed to determine whether African Magnetic Resonance Left ancestry was associated with left ventricular (LV) mass and EKG Ventricular Hypertrophy: voltage in the Dallas Heart Study. the Dallas Heart Study Qi Fu Cardiology Changes in Endothelial Hypertension disorders (including GH, GD, PE and HELLP Syndrome) Function in Pregnancy at are a leading cause of maternal worldwide morbidity and mortality. High Risk vs Average Risk Despite the prevalence of these disorders, very little is understood for Hypertensive about the mechanism of these disorders. During the time course of Disorders pregnancy, many physiological changes occur in a rapid amount of time, and past literature suggests that these changes are different in pregnancies afflicted by hypertensive disorders. Therefore, the purpose of this project is to investigate the pregnancy time course changes on endothelial function for high vs average risk for hypertensive disorders. For this study, high risk is defined as a family or past medical history of a hypertensive disorder during pregnancy. The hypothesis is that endothelial function will be decreased in patients that are at high risk for hypertensive disorders.. Kemp Kernstine Cardiovascular and Study of Empyema Objective: The standards of care for the management of Thoracic Surgery Diagnosis, Management, parapneumonic empyema at UT Southwestern are inconsistent, and and Outcomes (SEDMO) evidence-based guidelines are necessary for the improving care. at UT Southwestern Medical Center: january 1, 2006 to june 30, 2017 Marc Diamond Center for Alzheimer's Discovery of Small- Background: A large portion of neurodegenerative diseases are and Neurodegenerative Molecule Inhibitors of characterized by insoluble protein accumulations impeding normal Diseases Tau Uptake neuronal function (2,3). We investigated the effect of NDST1 inhibition on tau uptake using a twofold approach: 1) through genetic inhibition of the n-deacetylase and n-sulfotransferase domains of NDST1, and 2) through peptide-mediated inhibition of the sulfotransferase domain of NDST1. Objective: To determine if genetic and/or small molecule inhibition of the n-deacetylase or n- sulfotransferase domains of NDST1 is sufficient for inhibition of tau uptake. Prashant Mishra Children's Research Inhibition of the xCT Background: Mutations and deletions in the mitochondrial genome Institute transporter in mice as a are known to cause myopathies in humans at a rate of treatment for approximately 1:5000 newborns, and currently no effective mitochondrial myopathy treatment options are available. In mitochondrial myopathies, muscle fibers alter the expression of solute carrier (SLC) family members, including xCT, a transporter that exports glutamate and imports cystine. We hypothesize that inhibiting xCT will prevent glutamate wasting in myofibers and rescue the poor muscle function and altered metabolism seen in mitochondrial myopathies. Woo-Ping Ge Children's Research Vascular and Neurofiber Hypothesis: Glioma cells alter the neurovasculature and neurofiber Institute Patterns in MSC Glioma organization, leading to epileptic activity in adjacent neurons. Objectives/Aims: Immunostain mouse brain slices (xenografted with G5 glioma) and use confocal microscope to examine the relationship between glioma cells and the patterns of adjacent vasculature and neurofibers. Mentor Department Project Title Summary/Hypothesis David Gerber Department of Clinical Prevalence and In oncology clinical trials, the assumption that a prior cancer Science prognostic impact of diagnosis could interfere with study conduct or outcomes results in prior cancer diagnoses freQuent exclusion of such patients. We determined the prevalence for multiple cancer types and characteristics of this practice in breast and gastrointestinal (GI) cancer clinical trials and estimated impact on trial accrual. Mohamed Department of Acanthamoeba keratitis Background: Acanthamoeba keratitis is a devastating infection of Guenena Ophthalmology in residents' clinic the eye. Although it rarely occurs - with an estimated incidence of compared to faculty .00001-.0002% in contact lens wearers - it freQuently occurs in private practice relatively significant outbreaks, raising the importance of prevention. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to review the clinical presentations and management of Acanthamoeba keratitis in Parkland County Hospital and to compare it to Aston Clinic, a faculty private practice. Amit Pandya Dermatology NBUVB Phototherapy Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disorder in which CD8+ T cells Doses Based on destroy melanocytes in the basal layer of the epidermis leading to Fitzpatrick Skin Type and patchy depigmentation of the skin. Vitiligo is not uncommon - it Ethnicity in Patients with affects 0.5-2% of the world's