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Brief Version a Collection of Innovative Solutions on Biodiversity Conservation for the Coal Sector

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Brief Version a Collection of Innovative Solutions on Biodiversity Conservation for the Coal Sector BRIEF VERSION A COLLECTION OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS ON BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION FOR THE COAL SECTOR The compilation was prepared by OOO 'InEcA Consulting' Within the framework of the implementation of the tasks of the UNDP / GEF - Russian Ministry of Natural Resources project "Mainstreaming biodiversity conservation into development policies and programs in the Russian energy sector.". Executive Editor: Е.Е. Perfiliev Administrators: K.V. Stadnikova, K.I. Stepanenko. Regional Coordinator for the joint project of UNDP / GEF - Russian Ministry of Natural Resources: Y.A. Manakov For feedback and proposals for improving the Compendium, contact the project office of the UNDP / GEF - Russian Ministry of Natural Resources: Leontievsky lane, 9, 125009 Moscow, Russia Tel. +7 495 787 21 05, fax: +7 495 787 21 01, e-mail: [email protected]. 2017 The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) is the global development network of the United Nations, an organization advocating change and connecting countries to knowledge, experience and resources to help people build a better life. The Global Environment Facility (GEF) is an international financial mechanism for providing grants and soft loans to recipient countries for projects and activities aimed at addressing global environmental problems. The UNDP / GEF - Russian Ministry of Natural Resources project "Biodiversity conservation goals in the policy and programs for the development of the energy industry in Russia" is a full-scale project funded by the GEF. The national executive agency of the project is the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia. The project implements a set of tasks aimed at building up the organizational capabilities of the Russian energy industry, in order to minimize its negative impact on biodiversity, with further replication of the experience and achievements of the project throughout Russia. 2017 2 UDC 504.05/.06 Digest "Innovative Solutions for Biodiversity Conservation - A Compendium for the Coal Industry" / OOO InEcA-Consulting - Novokuznetsk, 2017. - X p. The publication is intended for practical use by coal companies and is of an advisory nature. The Compendium digest was prepared by OOO InEcA-Consulting as one of the tasks under the UNDP / GEF - Russian Ministry of Natural Resources project "Biodiversity conservation goals in the policy and programs for the development of the energy industry in Russia". For feedback and proposals for improving the Compendium, contact the project office of the UNDP / GEF - Russian Ministry of Natural Resources: Leontievsky lane, 9, Moscow 125009, Russia Tel. +7-495-787-21-05, Fax +7-495-787-21-01, email: [email protected]. The views of the authors do not necessarily reflect the views of UNDP, other UN agencies and the organizations of which they are members. UDC 504.05/.06 © OOO InEcA-Consulting, 2017 2017 3 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 5 1. OVERVIEW OF THE COAL INDUSTRY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ........................... 6 2. DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF THE COAL INDUSTRY IN RUSSIA ............................... 7 3. COAL INDUSTRY'S IMPACT ON BIODIVERSITY ................................................................ 8 4. BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN THE RUSSIAN LEGISLATION ................................... 9 5. MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT TOOLS ......................... 10 5.1. Engineering and environmental surveys ........................................................................ 10 5.2. Environmental impact assessment ................................................................................ 10 5.3. Environmental management systems ............................................................................ 12 5.4. Production control and monitoring system ..................................................................... 13 5.5. Recovery (reclamation) of disturbed lands ..................................................................... 14 6. BEST RUSSIAN PRACTICES FOR CONSERVATION AND RESTORATION OF BIODIVERSITY .................................................................................................................... 15 Creation of a protected area (regional botanical heritage site Kostenkovsky Rocks) to compensate damage to biodiversity .................................................................................................. 16 Creation of a protected area (regional nature reserve Karakansky) to prevent damage to biodiversity .................................................................................................................... 17 Establishment of a protected area (regional nature reserve 'Bachatsky Hills') with the aim of preserving steppe ecosystems in an area with intensive coal mining ............................. 18 Assessment of the impact of coal mining on lake ecosystems and development of compensation measures ...................................................................................................................... 19 Preservation of rare plants ex situ and in situ ............................................................................. 21 Development of technology for the restoration of vegetation cover ............................................. 22 Formation of sustainable forest plantations on coal industry dumps............................................ 24 Focal method of reclamation of mountain dumps ....................................................................... 26 Methods for environmental impact monitoring of natural objects in coal mining areas ................. 28 Bio-monitoring using physiological parameters of plants............................................................. 30 Hydro-biological monitoring of the river Meret in the mine water discharge area ......................... 32 Methodology for ecological assessment of disturbed lands for determining the best reclamation measures ...................................................................................................................... 34 GIS-technology in the conduct of industrial environmental monitoring ........................................ 37 Methodology for complex geo-ecological assessment of territories, taking into account biodiversity indicators for coal-mining regions (on the example of Novokuznetsk district) ................. 38 Geo-information-analytical system on biodiversity of the Kemerovo Region ................................ 40 CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................................... 42 2017 4 INTRODUCTION Sustainable development is one of the most relevant issues today. International financial organizations and professional associations, the scientific community and governments around the world are devoting considerable attention and resources to tackling these issues. One of the indispensable prerequisites for sustainable development is biodiversity conservation through a set of ecosystem services appropriate for the reference region. This explains the widespread attention to the need to preserve and restore biodiversity, especially in areas of intensive industrial development. The world's largest industrial corporations are already implementing projects aimed at preserving and restoring biodiversity disrupted as a result of their economic activities. The coal mining industry has a significant negative impact on biodiversity, both directly, by destroying habitats, and indirectly, through physical and chemical factors affecting the environment of extensive areas surrounding the mining zones. One of the fundamental features of this industry is being strictly bound to the location of the mine and the coal deposit, regardless of the biodiversity significance of such area. Often, mining licenses cover several adjoining land plots, thus increasing the overall area of direct impact. All this leads to the destruction of extensive areas of natural landscapes, and decreases the system's ability to recover. "Innovative Solutions for Biodiversity Conservation - A Compendium for the Coal Industry" was prepared in the framework of the Global Environment Facility (GEF) project "Biodiversity conservation goals in the policy and programs for the development of the energy industry in Russia", implemented by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) in cooperation with the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation (Russian Ministry of Natural Resources). This work is focused on the implementation of the general objectives of the Fundamentals of State Policy in the field of environmental development of Russia for the period until 2030, approved by the President of the Russian Federation on 30 April 2012. The Compendium presents the best effective practices, and scientific and practical developments of Russian companies, scientists and research institutes aimed at preventing, reducing, restoring and compensating for the negative impact of the coal mining industry on biodiversity. These include both innovative and traditional practices, demonstrating the companies' integrated approach to activities directly or indirectly tackling biodiversity conservation, which can also serve as a positive example for coal industry enterprises. The Compendium is a reference guide for legislative and executive authorities, supervisory bodies, management of companies in the Russian energy industry, the scientific
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