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Simposio Internacional: El quark cumple 50 años International Symposium: The 50th anniversary of the quark Madrid, 10 de junio de 2014 Madrid, June 10, 2014 CV John Iliopoulos John Iliopoulos (Greek language: Ιωάννης Ηλιόπουλος; 1940, Kalamata) is a Greek physicist and the first person to present the Standard Model of particle physics in a single report. He is best known for his prediction of the charm quark with Sheldon Lee Glashow and Luciano Maiani (the "GIM mechanism"). Iliopoulos is also known for the Fayet- Iliopoulos D-term formula, which was introduced in 1974. He is currently an honorary member of Laboratory of theoretical physics of École Normale Supérieure, Paris. Iliopoulos graduated from National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) in 1962 as an Mechanical-Electrical Engineer. He continued his studies in the field of Theoretical Physics in Paris University, and in 1963 he obtained the D.E.A, in 1965 the Doctorat 3e Cycle, and in 1968 the Doctorat d' Etat titles. Between the years 1966 and 1968 he was a scholar at CERN, Geneva. From 1969 till 1971 he was a Research Assosiate in Harvard University. In 1971 he returned in Paris and began working at CNRS. He also held the director position of the Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Ecole Normale Superieure between the years 1991-1995 and 1998-2002. In 2002, Iliopoulos was the first recipient of the Aristeio prize, which has been instituted to recognize Greeks who have made significant contributions towards furthering their chosen fields of science. Iliopoulos and Maiani were jointly awarded the 1987 Sakurai Prize for theoretical particle physics. In 2007 Iliopoulos and Maiani received the Dirac Medal of the ICTP "(f)or their work on the physics of the charm quark, a major contribution to the birth of the Standard Model, the modern theory of Elementary Particles." FUNDACIÓN RAMÓN ARECES .

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The Making of the Standard Theory
August 11, 2016 9:28 The Standard Theory of Particle Physics - 9.61in x 6.69in b2471-ch02 page 29 Chapter 2 The Making of the Standard Theory John Iliopoulos Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Ecole´ Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France 1. Introduction The construction of the Standard Model, which became gradually the Standard Theory of elementary particle physics, is, probably, the most remarkable achieve- ment of modern theoretical physics. In this Chapter we shall deal mostly with the weak interactions. It may sound strange that a revolution in particle physics was initiated by the study of the weakest among them (the effects of the gravitational interactions are not measurable in high energy physics), but we shall see that the weak interactions triggered many such revolutions and we shall have the occasion to meditate on the fundamental significance of “tiny” effects. We shall outline the various steps, from the early days of the Fermi theory to the recent experimental discoveries, which confirmed all the fundamental predictions of the Theory. We shall follow a phenomenological approach, in which the introduction of every new concept is motivated by the search of a consistent theory which agrees with experiment. As we shall explain, this is only part of the story, the other part being the requirement of mathematical consistency. Both went in parallel and the real history requires the understanding of both. In fact, as we intend to show, the initial motivation was not really phenomenological. It is one of these rare cases in which a revolution in physics came from theorists trying to go beyond a simple phenomenological model, The Standard Theory of Particle Physics Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com not from an experimental result which forced them to do so.
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SHELDON LEE GLASHOW Lyman Laboratory of Physics Harvard University Cambridge, Mass., USA
TOWARDS A UNIFIED THEORY - THREADS IN A TAPESTRY Nobel Lecture, 8 December, 1979 by SHELDON LEE GLASHOW Lyman Laboratory of Physics Harvard University Cambridge, Mass., USA INTRODUCTION In 1956, when I began doing theoretical physics, the study of elementary particles was like a patchwork quilt. Electrodynamics, weak interactions, and strong interactions were clearly separate disciplines, separately taught and separately studied. There was no coherent theory that described them all. Developments such as the observation of parity violation, the successes of quantum electrodynamics, the discovery of hadron resonances and the appearance of strangeness were well-defined parts of the picture, but they could not be easily fitted together. Things have changed. Today we have what has been called a “standard theory” of elementary particle physics in which strong, weak, and electro- magnetic interactions all arise from a local symmetry principle. It is, in a sense, a complete and apparently correct theory, offering a qualitative description of all particle phenomena and precise quantitative predictions in many instances. There is no experimental data that contradicts the theory. In principle, if not yet in practice, all experimental data can be expressed in terms of a small number of “fundamental” masses and cou- pling constants. The theory we now have is an integral work of art: the patchwork quilt has become a tapestry. Tapestries are made by many artisans working together. The contribu- tions of separate workers cannot be discerned in the completed work, and the loose and false threads have been covered over. So it is in our picture of particle physics. Part of the picture is the unification of weak and electromagnetic interactions and the prediction of neutral currents, now being celebrated by the award of the Nobel Prize.
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Curriculum Vitae Del Prof. LUCIANO MAIANI
Curriculum vitae del Prof. LUCIANO MAIANI Nato a Roma, il 16 Luglio 1941. Professore ordinario di Fisica Teorica, Università di Roma “La Sapienza” Curriculum Vitae 1964 Laurea in Fisica (110 e lode) presso l'Università di Roma. 1964 Ricercatore presso l’Istituto Superiore di Sanità. Nello stesso anno inizia la sua attività di fisico teorico collaborando con il gruppo dell'Università di Firenze guidato dal Prof. R.Gatto. 1969 Post-doctor per un semestre presso il Lyman Laboratory of Physics dell'Università di Harvard (USA). 1976/84 Professore Ordinario di Istituzioni di Fisica Teorica presso l'Università di Roma “La Sapienza” 1977 Professore visitatore presso l'Ecole Normale Superieure di Parigi. 1979/80 Professore visitatore, per un semestre, al CERN di Ginevra. 1984 Professore di Fisica Teorica presso l'Università di Roma “La Sapienza”. 1985/86 Professore visitatore per un anno al CERN di Ginevra. 1993/98 Presidente dell'Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare 1993/96 Delegato italiano presso il Council del CERN 1995/97 Presidente del Comitato Tecnico Scientifico, Fondo Ricerca Applicata, MURST 1998 Presidente del Council del CERN 1999/2003 Direttore Generale del CERN 2005 Socio Nazionale dell’Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Roma 2005-2008 Coordinatore Progetto HELEN-EuropeAid 2008 Presidente del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Laurea honoris causa Université de la Méditerranée, Aix-Marseille Università di San Pietroburgo Università di Bratislava Università di Varsavia Affiliazioni Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Socio Nazionale Fellow, American Physical Society Socio dell’Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze detta “dei XL” Socio dell’Accademia delle Scienze Russe Membro, Academia Europaea di Scienze ed Arti Premi 1980 Medaglia Matteucci, conferita dall'Accademia Nazionale dei XL.
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PDF) Submittals Are Preferred) and Information Particle and Astroparticle Physics As Well As Accelerator Physics
CERNNovember/December 2019 cerncourier.com COURIERReporting on international high-energy physics WELCOME CERN Courier – digital edition Welcome to the digital edition of the November/December 2019 issue of CERN Courier. The Extremely Large Telescope, adorning the cover of this issue, is due to EXTREMELY record first light in 2025 and will outperform existing telescopes by orders of magnitude. It is one of several large instruments to look forward to in the decade ahead, which will also see the start of high-luminosity LHC operations. LARGE TELESCOPE As the 2020s gets under way, the Courier will be reviewing the LHC’s 10-year physics programme so far, as well as charting progress in other domains. In the meantime, enjoy news of KATRIN’s first limit on the neutrino mass (p7), a summary of the recently published European strategy briefing book (p8), the genesis of a hadron-therapy centre in Southeast Europe (p9), and dispatches from the most interesting recent conferences (pp19—23). CLIC’s status and future (p41), the abstract world of gauge–gravity duality (p44), France’s particle-physics origins (p37) and CERN’s open days (p32) are other highlights from this last issue of the decade. Enjoy! To sign up to the new-issue alert, please visit: http://comms.iop.org/k/iop/cerncourier To subscribe to the magazine, please visit: https://cerncourier.com/p/about-cern-courier KATRIN weighs in on neutrinos Maldacena on the gauge–gravity dual FPGAs that speak your language EDITOR: MATTHEW CHALMERS, CERN DIGITAL EDITION CREATED BY IOP PUBLISHING CCNovDec19_Cover_v1.indd 1 29/10/2019 15:41 CERNCOURIER www.
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The Charm of Theoretical Physics (1958– 1993)?
Eur. Phys. J. H 42, 611{661 (2017) DOI: 10.1140/epjh/e2017-80040-9 THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL H Oral history interview The Charm of Theoretical Physics (1958{ 1993)? Luciano Maiani1 and Luisa Bonolis2,a 1 Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy 2 Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Boltzmannstraße 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany Received 10 July 2017 / Received in ﬁnal form 7 August 2017 Published online 4 December 2017 c The Author(s) 2017. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract. Personal recollections on theoretical particle physics in the years when the Standard Theory was formed. In the background, the remarkable development of Italian theoretical physics in the second part of the last century, with great personalities like Bruno Touschek, Raoul Gatto, Nicola Cabibbo and their schools. 1 Apprenticeship L. B. How did your interest in physics arise? You enrolled in the late 1950s, when the period of post-war reconstruction of physics in Europe was coming to an end, and Italy was entering into a phase of great expansion. Those were very exciting years. It was the beginning of the space era. L. M. The beginning of the space era certainly had a strong inﬂuence on many people, absolutely. The landing on the moon in 1969 was for sure unforgettable, but at that time I was already working in Physics and about to get married. My interest in physics started well before. The real beginning was around 1955. Most important for me was astronomy. It is not surprising that astronomy marked for many people the beginning of their interest in science.
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Doing Electroweak Physics with Roberto
IL NUOVO CIMENTO 40 C (2017) 153 DOI 10.1393/ncc/i2017-17153-y Colloquia: PRZ Memorial Doing electroweak physics with Roberto ∗ Luciano Maiani(1)(2)(3)( ) (1) INFN, Sezione di Roma - Roma, Italy (2) Dipartimento di Fisica, UniversitàdiRoma-Roma,Italy (3) CERN - Genève, Switzerland received 27 November 2017 Summary. — Friendship and Collaboration with Roberto, while the Standard Theory was unfolding under our eyes. At the end of the sixties, dual models dominated the scene as the theory of strong interactions. However, the years 1971-1973 brought decisive discoveries [1]. • 1971, ’t Hooft and Veltman showed that the Weinberg-Salam theory is renormalisable; • 1972, Bouchiat, Iliopoulos and Meyer proved the cancellation of Adler anomalies in the electroweak theory with four quarks. In a letter from John, there must be charm, quarks have color and are fractionally charged; • 1973 the discovery of neutral currents by Gargamelle at CERN; • ... and in the same year came the discovery of asymptotic freedom of the Yang-Mills theory by Gross and Wilczeck and Politzer. Shortly after, the idea of color interaction of quarks was put forward by Fritzsch, Gell-Mann and Leutwyler. In three years, the paradigm of particle interactions shifted completely towards field theory, a shining example of what Thomas Kuhn in 1962 had called a scientific revolution. In 1974, the discovery of the J/Ψ opened another chapter: heavy fermions, initiated with charm and later continued with the heavy lepton, beauty and top. The Standard Theory was taking form, everybody became electroweak & free, at least asymptotically. ∗ ( ) E-mail: [email protected] Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) 1 2 LUCIANO MAIANI 1.
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Frsoolm^ LAPP-IH-09 November 1979
fRSOOlM^ LAPP-IH-09 November 1979 NEW QUARKS AND LEPTONS *5 Mary K. Gaillard LAPP, Annecy-le-Vieux, France Luciano Maiani Univ. of Rone, Italy CONTENTS 1. Introduction: a glimpse of quark and lcpton history 2. Elementary properties of quarks and leptons 3. Weak interactions of b and t quarks 4. Grand unified theories 5. Conclusions and outlook ' Lectures given at the Cargeae Institute, July 1979. I. A. P. r. (HtviN ur nmfwE Boiri. rosrAtr iv> ?ion ANNTCY IE.VICL'X crorx rnirnoNl TABLE OF CONTENTS P»ge 1. Introduction: a glimpse of quark and lepton history 1 2. Elementary properties of quarks and leptons 1 2.1 What do He really know ? 1 2.2 Renormalizable gauge theories 11 2.3 The fermion mass matrix and the structure of the veak currents 18 3. Weak interactions of fa and t quarks 21 3.1 The veak mixing angles 21 3.2 Zounds on the veak mixing angles 23 3.3 Weak decays of b and t 29 3.4 Multilepton configurations in b and t decays 34 4. Grand unified theories 4.1 The unification of veak, electromagnetic and strong interactions 37 4.2 The minimal model: SD(5) 42 4.3 Feraion masses and constraints on the number of generations 45 4.4 Proton decay 49 4.5 Sounds on the t-quark mass 54 5. Conclusions and outlook t. IHTKOWJCTIQW; A CL IMPS E OT QUAME àM XMTtQK HISTOit nowadays M era eeeustaeved to think of partiel* intereeeioas 1B »m of alaeaotary eouplinfs of quarks and leptona.
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NEW PHYSICS at the LHC John Iliopoulos
FOLLOWING THE PATH OF CHARM: NEW PHYSICS AT THE LHC John Iliopoulos To cite this version: John Iliopoulos. FOLLOWING THE PATH OF CHARM: NEW PHYSICS AT THE LHC. 2008. hal-00283706 HAL Id: hal-00283706 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00283706 Preprint submitted on 30 May 2008 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. LPTENS-08/27 FOLLOWING THE PATH OF CHARM: NEW PHYSICS AT THE LHC JOHN ILIOPOULOS Laboratoire de Physique Th´eorique de L’Ecole Normale Sup´erieure 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France Talk presented at the ICTP on the occasion of the Dirac medal award ceremony Trieste, 27/03/08 hal-00283706, version 1 - 30 May 2008 It is a great honour for me to speak on this occasion and I want to ex- press my gratitude to the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics as well as the Selection Committee of the Dirac Medal. It is also a great pleasure to be here with Luciano Maiani and discuss the consequences of our common work with Sheldon Glashow on charmed particles [1]. I will argue in this talk that the same kind of reasoning, which led us to predict the opening of a new chapter in hadron physics, may shed some light on the existence of new physics at the as yet unexplored energy scales of LHC.
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Hydrogen Bond of QCD in Doubly Heavy Baryons and Tetraquarks
PHYSICAL REVIEW D 100, 074002 (2019) Hydrogen bond of QCD in doubly heavy baryons and tetraquarks † ‡ Luciano Maiani ,1,2,* Antonio D. Polosa,2, and Veronica Riquer1,2, 1T. D. Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China 2Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, Sapienza Universit`a di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, I-00185 Roma, Italy (Received 8 August 2019; published 4 October 2019) In this paper we present in greater detail previous work on the Born-Oppenheimer approximation to treat the hydrogen bond of QCD, and add a similar treatment of doubly heavy baryons. Doubly heavy exotic resonances X and Z can be described as color molecules of two-quark lumps, the þ analogue of the H2 molecule, and doubly heavy baryons as the analog of the H2 ion, except that the two heavy quarks attract each other. We compare our results with constituent quark model and lattice QCD calculations and find further evidence in support of this upgraded picture of compact tetraquarks and baryons. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.100.074002 I. INTRODUCTION Section II describes the Born-Oppenheimer approxima- Systems with heavy and light particles allow for an tion applied to a QCD double heavy hadron and gives the approximate treatment where the light and heavy degrees of two-body color couplings derived from the restriction that freedom are studied separately and solved one after the other. the hadron is an overall color singlet. Section III recalls the This is the Born-Oppenheimer approximation (BO), intro- salient features of the constituent quark model and gives duced in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics for molecules quark masses and hyperfine couplings derived from the S and crystals, where electrons coexist with the much heavier mass spectra of the -wave mesons and baryons.
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Guido Altarelli and the Evolution of QCD
IL NUOVO CIMENTO 39 C (2016) 355 DOI 10.1393/ncc/i2016-16355-1 Colloquia: La Thuile 2016 Guido Altarelli and the evolution of QCD R. Keith Ellis Institute for Particle Physics Phenomenology, Department of Physics, Durham University Durham DH1 3LE, UK received 26 July 2016 Summary. — I describe the contributions of Guido Altarelli to the development of Quantum Chromodynamics from the discovery of asymptotic freedom until the end of the Spp¯S collider era, 1973–1985. 1. – Introduction I have been asked to write an appreciation of Guido Altarelli’s role in the evolution of QCD. By evolution, I mean not only the evolution of the parton distributions, for which Guido is justly famous, but also the evolution in our ability to calculate with the QCD Lagrangian. In the Autumn of 1972 I arrived in Rome as a second-year graduate student, having been granted leave of absence from the University of Oxford where I was enrolled in the Theoretical Physics Department. My motivations for leaving Oxford were not entirely scientiﬁc, (see [1]), but Rome La Sapienza turned out to be a wonderful department, with an astonishing array of talent. As well as Guido Altarelli, there were Franco Buccella, Nicola Cabibbo, Raoul Gatto, Giorgio Parisi, Giuliano Preparata, and Massimo Testa and fellow students Roberto Petronzio and later Guido Martinelli. The nearby institutions hosted Sergio Ferrara, Etim Etim, Mario Greco, Luciano Maiani, Giulia Panchieri and Bruno Touschek. As always in Italy, the organisational details were a little fuzzy and real progress was only to be made by exploiting personal relationships.
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The Making of the Standard Theory
Chapter 2 The Making of the Standard Theory John Iliopoulos Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Ec´ ole Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France 1. Introduction The construction of the Standard Model, which became gradually the Standard Theory of elementary particle physics, is, probably, the most remarkable achieve- ment of modern theoretical physics. In this Chapter we shall deal mostly with the weak interactions. It may sound strange that a revolution in particle physics was initiated by the study of the weakest among them (the effects of the gravitational interactions are not measurable in high energy physics), but we shall see that the weak interactions triggered many such revolutions and we shall have the occasion to meditate on the fundamental significance of “tiny” effects. We shall outline the various steps, from the early days of the Fermi theory to the recent experimental discoveries, which confirmed all the fundamental predictions of the Theory. We shall follow a phenomenological approach, in which the introduction of every new concept is motivated by the search of a consistent theory which agrees with experiment. As we shall explain, this is only part of the story, the other part being the requirement of mathematical consistency. Both went in parallel and the real history requires the understanding of both. In fact, as we intend to show, the initial motivation was not really phenomenological. It is one of these rare cases in which a revolution in physics came from theorists trying to go beyond a simple phenomenological model, The Standard Theory of Particle Physics Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com not from an experimental result which forced them to do so.
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The Puzzle of the Exotic Hadrons (XYZ) Luciano Maiani Roma Sapienza & INFN, Roma, Italy CERN, Geneva, Switzerland 1
The puzzle of the Exotic Hadrons (XYZ) Luciano Maiani Roma Sapienza & INFN, Roma, Italy CERN, Geneva, Switzerland 1. New States • For long, we lived with the simplest paradigm: M. Gell-Mann, A Schematic Model of mesons = qq,¯ baryons = qqq Baryons and Mesons, PL 8, 214, 1964 • Paradigm rested on the absence of I=2, ππ resonances and of S>0 baryons. • The case had to be revisited, because the lowest lying, octet of scalar mesons- f0(980), a0(980), kappa(800) and sigma(600)- does not fit in the picture. • The X(3872), narrow width, with decays into J/Psi+ 2π/3π, discovered by Belle in 2003, does not fit into the “charmonium” states, • since then, Belle, BaBar, BES and LHcB have reported many other states that do not fit the charmonium picture, called X (1++) and Y(1--) states: molecules? hybrids? tetraquarks? • In 2007, Belle observed a charged “charmonium”, Z+(4430) → ψ(2S)+ π, that could not be interpreted as molecule, but later Babar suggested it was simply a reflection of K* states • LHCb has confirmed the Z+(4430) while other similar states, Z+(3900) and Z+(4020), have been discovered by BES III and confirmed by BELLE and by CLEOc. • Pentaquark discovered (P-> Ψ p) by LHCb in 2015 • New structures in Ψ φ spectrum in 2016…. more to follow? A new spectroscopy of mesons and baryons revealed Mainz, June 28, 2017 L. Maiani. Tetra&Pentaquarks 2 terminology of unanticipated charmonia • X, e.g. X(3872): neutral, typically seen in J/Psi+pions, positive parity, JPC=0++,1++, 2++ • Y, e.g.
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