Precipitation and Plasticity Couplings in a 7Xxx Aluminium Alloy

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Precipitation and Plasticity Couplings in a 7Xxx Aluminium Alloy Precipitation and plasticity couplings in a 7xxx aluminium alloy: application to thermomechanical treatments for distortion correction of aerospace component Guillaume Fribourg To cite this version: Guillaume Fribourg. Precipitation and plasticity couplings in a 7xxx aluminium alloy: applica- tion to thermomechanical treatments for distortion correction of aerospace component. Mechanics [physics.med-ph]. Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble - INPG, 2009. English. tel-00502536 HAL Id: tel-00502536 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00502536 Submitted on 15 Jul 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. INSTITUT POLYTECHNIQUE DE GRENOBLE N° attribué par la bibliothèque |__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__| T H E S E pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble Spécialité : Matériaux, Mécanique, Génie Civil, Electrochimie préparée au laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés dans le cadre de l’Ecole Doctorale Ingénierie – Matériaux, Mécanique, Environnement, Energétique, Procédés, Production présentée et soutenue publiquement par Guillaume FRIBOURG le 20 mai 2009 Titre : Couplages entre précipitation et plasticité dans un alliage d’aluminium 7xxx : application à des traitements thermomécaniques de réduction des distorsions dans des composants aéronautiques Directeurs de thèse : Alexis DESCHAMPS et Yves BRECHET Jury : M. David EMBURY, Président Mme. Anne-Françoise GOURGUES-LORENZON, Rapporteur M. Jeremy ROBINSON, Rapporteur M. Alexis DESCHAMPS, Directeur de thèse M. Yves BRECHET, Directeur de thèse Mme. Ulrike HECKENBERGER, Examinateur Precipitation and plasticity couplings in a 7xxx aluminium alloy: application to thermomechanical treatments for distortion correction of aerospace components Couplages entre précipitation et plasticité dans un alliage d’aluminium 7xxx : application à des traitements thermomécaniques de réduction des distorsions dans des composants aéronautiques Final version Version définitive 10/01/2010 Ppt ε/σ T° Chapter 0 - Thesis presentation Chapter 0. Thesis presentation Summary After a short summary of the thesis, this chapter then presents the different chapters. While the rest of the thesis is written in Shakespeare’s language, part C of this chapter is written in French. The objective is to summarize in a more complete way the main results of the thesis. Rien ne vaut la recherche lorsqu'on veut trouver quelque chose. J.R.R. Tolkien Ce à quoi Anatole France répondit : On a beau chercher, on ne trouve jamais que soi-même. Et Platon de surenchérir : La finalité de la Vie, c'est l'admiration du Beau. And so what ? Me dis-je, en entendant ces discussions… i A. Thesis presentation A. Thesis presentation A.1. Abstract 7xxx aluminium alloys are high strength alloys mainly used for aerospace applications due to their high specific mechanical properties. Manufacturing these age-hardenable alloys involves complex thermomechanical treatments that develop the precipitation microstructure responsible for the mechanical properties. Undesirable long-range internal stresses are also produced during these treatments, and may induce severe distortions in the final products. Different thermomechanical processes: shot peening, laser forming and age-forming (respectively a purely mechanical, a purely thermal and a thermomechanical treatment) are used to reduce internal stresses and/or part distortion in aerospace aluminium 7xxx machined components. However, they modify the material’s microstructure and consequently the mechanical properties. We have examined the couplings between these thermomechanical treatments, the microstructure and the mechanical properties, throughout experimental characterization and physically based modelling. The effect of precipitation on the strain hardening properties is investigated, to establish a physically-based strain hardening model able to be used in a shot peening finite element model. Then, the effect of laser forming on the precipitation state and on the material strength is examined. The last part is dedicated to the study of the effect of age forming – a process combining simultaneous plastic deformation and heat treatment - on precipitation. A.2. Résumé Les alliages d’aluminium de la série 7xxx sont des alliages à durcissement structural, principalement utilisés dans des applications aéronautiques en raison de leurs propriétés mécaniques spécifiques élevées. Le composant principal de leur résistance mécanique est leur microstructure de précipitation, obtenue par le biais de traitements thermomécaniques complexes. Ceux-ci induisent cependant des contraintes internes à longue distance, susceptibles de générer des distorsions sévères dans les pièces aéronautiques. Certains traitements thermomécaniques comme le grenaillage (shot peening), le formage laser (laser forming) et le formage revenu (age-forming), des procédés respectivement purement mécanique, purement thermique et thermomécanique, permettent de réduire les distorsions de pièces usinées. Ils modifient cependant la microstructure, et, par conséquent, les propriétés mécaniques. La présente étude, portant sur les couplages entre ces traitements thermomécaniques, la microstructure et les propriétés mécaniques d’un alliage 7xxx, comprend un travail de caractérisation expérimentale et de modélisation à base physique. L’effet de la précipitation sur l’écrouissage du matériau est ainsi examiné, et un modèle d’écrouissage destiné à être implémenté dans un modèle éléments finis de simulation du grenaillage est proposé. L’étude du formage laser aboutit quant à elle à un modèle prédictif de l’état de précipitation et des propriétés mécaniques locales induits par ce procédé. La dernière partie est consacrée à l’étude de l’effet du formage revenu – procédé combinant déformation plastique et traitement thermique simultanés – sur la précipitation. ii Chapter 0 - Thesis presentation A.3. Contents Chapter 0: Thesis presentation A. Thesis presentation ................................................................................................ ii A.1. Abstract ................................................................................................................................ii A.2. Résumé ................................................................................................................................ii A.3. Contents .............................................................................................................................. iii A.4. Acknowledgements ..............................................................................................................x B. Short break ............................................................................................................. xi C. Résumé détaillé.................................................................................................... xiii C.1. Introduction........................................................................................................................ xiii C.1.a. Contexte .................................................................................................................... xiii C.1.b. Objectifs de la thèse.................................................................................................. xiii C.1.c. Démarche .................................................................................................................. xiv C.1.d. Collaborations............................................................................................................ xiv C.2. Résumé des chapitres........................................................................................................xv C.2.a. Chapitre I – Introduction générale ..............................................................................xv C.2.b. Chapitre II – Matériau et méthodes expérimentales ..................................................xv C.2.c. Chapitre III – Modèle d’écrouissage.......................................................................... xvi C.2.d. Chapitre IV – Evolution de la précipitation au cours du formage laser ......................xx C.2.e. Chapitre V - Evolution de la microstructure au cours de traitements thermomécaniques................................................................................................................... xxii C.3. Conclusion....................................................................................................................... xxvi C.3.a. Modèle d’écrouissage pour le grenaillage............................................................... xxvi C.3.b. Effet du formage laser sur la précipitation et les propriétés mécaniques ............... xxvi C.3.c. Effets de traitement thermomécaniques sur la précipitation ................................... xxvi C.3.d. Bilan........................................................................................................................ xxvii iii A. Thesis presentation Chapter I: General introduction 1 I.A. COMPACT project and thesis objectives
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