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Guidelines on the Legislative Framework for Civil Registration, Vital Statistics and Identity Management

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Guidelines on the Legislative Framework for Civil Registration, Vital Statistics and Identity Management Guidelines on the Legislative Framework for Civil Registration, Vital Statistics and Identity Management Second Draft (incorporating EGM comments) United Nations New York, January 2019 1 This draft is prepared by United Nations Statistics Division and Vital Strategies with financial support from the Bloomberg Data for Health Initiative. United Nations Statistics Division 2 Acknowledgements The present publication was prepared by the United Nations Statistics Division Stefan Schweinfest, Director The contributions of the following are gratefully acknowledged. Editors Srdjan Mrkic, lead editor Mary-Lynn Sferrazza Drafters Mary-Lynn Sferrazza, Vital Strategies Ashley Frederes, Vital Strategies Aaron Schwid, Vital Strategies Contributors Maria Isabel Cobos, United Nations Statistics Division Andrew Smith, United Nations Statistics Division Lin Zhuo, United Nations Statistics Division Reviewers – members of the Expert Group Kathrina Lo, Australia A K M Ashraful Haque, Bangladesh Maria de Fatima Marinho de Souza, Brazil Sonia Herrera, Ecuador Stephen Amoah, Ghana Nouf Alkhaleefi, Kuwait Victor Mallewa, Malawi Jeff Montgomery, New Zealand Trude Åsrum, Norway Kåre Vassenden , Norway Charity Tan, Philippines Ingegerd Widell, Sweden Myer Glickman, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Olga Joos, United States of America Emily Cercone, United States of America Martin Nyahoda, Zambia Xuan Che, United Nations Statistics Division Niall McCann, United Nations Development Programme Kristen Wenz, United Nations Children's Fund Wendy MacClinchy, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Romesh Silva, United Nations Population Fund David Satola, World Bank Jonathan Marskell, World Bank Rebeca Omaña Penaloza, Organization of American States Philip Setal, Vital Strategies Design, typesetting and proofreading Cover: Graphic Design Unit, Department of Public Information Interior: English Copy Preparation and Proofreading Unit, Department for General Assembly and Conference Management 3 Contents I. Introduction ........................................................................................ 7 II. Overview of Civil Registration, Vital Statistics and Identity Management Systems .................................................................................................. 10 A. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 10 B. CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS .......................................................................................... 10 C. PRINCIPLES OF CIVIL REGISTRATION AND NATIONAL IDENTITY MANAGEMENT ....................... 13 D. FUNCTIONS OF CIVIL REGISTRATION AND NATIONAL IDENTITY MANAGEMENT ....................... 25 E. VITAL EVENTS ............................................................................................................. 29 F. IDENTITY MANAGEMENT AND IDENTITY LIFECYCLE ............................................................ 31 G. INTEROPERABILITY ....................................................................................................... 36 H. ACCOUNTABILITY AND GOVERNANCE ............................................................................... 39 III. Human Rights and Civil Registration, Vital Statistics and Identity Management Systems .................................................................................................. 42 A. RIGHTS-BASED APPROACH TO CRVSID LEGAL FRAMEWORKS ............................................... 42 B. RIGHT TO REGISTER VITAL EVENTS ................................................................................. 44 C. HUMAN RIGHTS THAT MAY DEPEND ON THE REGISTRATION OF VITAL EVENTS ......................... 46 D. PROTECTION OF VULNERABLE POPULATIONS ..................................................................... 54 IV. Institutional Arrangements for Civil Registration, Vital Statistics and Identity Management Systems ............................................................................... 59 A. CENTRALIZED VERSUS DECENTRALIZED SYSTEMS............................................................... 59 B. SINGLE VERSUS MULTIPLE LEAD AGENCIES ....................................................................... 60 C. MINISTRY VERSUS AUTONOMOUS AGENCY ......................................................................... 62 D. POWER TO ISSUE REGULATIONS AND TO DELEGATE AUTHORITY ............................................ 63 E. THE ROLE OF THE HEALTH SECTOR ................................................................................. 65 F. THE ROLE OF THE POLICE, MEDICAL-LEGAL OFFICERS AND EMERGENCY SERVICES ..................68 G. THE ROLE OF CUSTODIANS OF FUNERAL, BURIAL AND CREMATION FACILITIES ....................... 69 H. THE ROLE OF THE COURTS ............................................................................................. 69 I. INTER-AGENCY COOPERATION ........................................................................................ 71 J. FINANCIAL RESOURCES .................................................................................................. 72 V. Legislative Framework .................................................................... 74 SECTION 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS AND ADMINISTRATIVE INFRASTRUCTURE ……………………………….76 4 A. GENERAL PROVISIONS ................................................................................................... 76 B. CIVIL REGISTRATION, VITAL STATISTICS, AND IDENTITY MANAGEMENT INFRASTRUCTURE ......... 79 SECTION 2. CIVIL REGISTRATION………………………………………………………………………………………..86 A. REGISTRATION OF BIRTH ................................................................................................86 B. REPORTING OF FOETAL DEATH ..................................................................................... 101 C. REGISTRATION OF DEATH ............................................................................................ 103 D. REGISTRATION OF MARRIAGE ........................................................................................ 120 E. REGISTRATION OF DISSOLUTION OF MARRIAGE OR CIVIL UNION ........................................... 125 F. CORRECTIONS AND AMENDMENTS TO THE RECORD ........................................................... 126 G. SUBMISSION OF LOCAL REGISTRAR RECORDS TO NATIONAL REGISTRAR ................................. 129 H. FEES .......................................................................................................................... 131 SECTION 3. IDENTITY MANAGEMENT…………………………………………………………………………………..132 A. IDENTITY MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES AND LIFE CYCLE ...................................................... 133 B. FEES ......................................................................................................................... 142 SECTION 4. THE POPULATION REGISTER…………………………………………………………………………….143 A. INFORMATION TO BE SUBMITTED TO THE POPULATION REGISTER ........................................ 144 B. SUBMISSION PROCEDURES ............................................................................................ 146 C. SUBMISSION FREQUENCY ............................................................................................. 146 D. DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY DURING TRANSMISSION TO AND STORAGE IN THE POPULATION REGISTER .......................................................................................................................... 147 E. POPULATION REGISTER SUMMARY ................................................................................. 147 SECTION 5. VITAL STATISTICS………………………………………………………………………………………….147 A. VITAL STATISTICS TO BE DERIVED FROM CIVIL REGISTRATION DATA .................................... 147 B. SUBMISSION OF STATISTICAL INFORMATION TO STATISTICS AUTHORITY .............................. 149 C. COMPILATION OF VITAL STATISTICS ............................................................................... 149 D. PUBLICATION AND DISSEMINATION OF VITAL STATISTICS REPORTS ...................................... 151 E. VITAL STATISTICS SUMMARY ......................................................................................... 151 SECTION 6. DATA PROTECTION, PRIVACY AND SECURITY……………………………………………………….152 A. THE UN PERSONAL DATA AND PRIVACY PRINCIPLES ........................................................ 152 B. DATA PROTECTION, PRIVACY AND SECURITY SUMMARY .................................................... 159 SECTION 7. COMPLIANCE, ENFORCEMENT, RIGHTS AND REMEDIES………………………………………….159 A. MONITORING AND INSPECTION ..................................................................................... 160 I. ADMINISTRATIVE AND JUDICIAL REVIEW .........................................................................161 5 C. OFFENSES AND PENALTIES ............................................................................................161 D. REVENUE TO FUND THE SYSTEM .................................................................................... 162 E. COMPLIANCE, ENFORCEMENT, RIGHTS AND REMEDIES SUMMARY ....................................... 162 SECTION 8. TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS……………………………………………………………………………..163 VI. OTHER LAWS AND POLICIES THAT SUPPORT CRVSID SYSTEMS: INCENTIVES, MEDICAL PROFESSION TRAINING, AND TECHNOLOGY .................................. 165 A. INCENTIVES FOR INSTITUTIONAL COMPLIANCE ................................................................ 165 B. CREATING INDIVIDUAL DEMAND FOR IDENTITY CREDENTIALS ..........................................
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