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Design of Music Curriculum and Teaching Theory Based on Cognitive Psychology

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Design of Music Curriculum and Teaching Theory Based on Cognitive Psychology Revista Argentina de Clínica Psicológica 2020, Vol. XXIX, N°2, 1193-1201 1193 DOI: 10.24205/03276716.2020.361 DESIGN OF MUSIC CURRICULUM AND TEACHING THEORY BASED ON COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY Chiaoting Feng Abstract Music education can enhance the aesthetic ability and creativity of students, making them all-round talents. This paper firstly reviews the cognitive psychology theories related to music education. Next, the author conducted a questionnaire survey on the current situation of classroom teaching of music from the perspective of cognitive learning theory. The survey results show that the existing mode of music classroom teaching fails to enhance the cognitive abilities of students, and more students prefer music skills to theories. To solve the problem, several countermeasures were presented for music teaching based on cognitive psychology: adjust the focus of college music education, enrich the teaching modes of public music courses, improve the management of music education, and create a campus atmosphere that encourages students to engage in music practices. This research provides a new perspective for classroom teaching of music and promotes the reform of music teaching. Key words: Music Education, Cognitive Psychology Theory, Music Teaching, Teaching Theory. Received: 24-02-19 | Accepted: 25-07-19 INTRODUCTION music teaching in regular colleges at a new starting point. At present, great importance has been In music teaching, different people show attached to quality education in the education field. As an important content of quality different emotions in music teaching as they differ in emotional temperament. Nowadays, the education, music education is an important way music teaching system in many colleges and to cultivate students' music literacy. And college universities is not perfect, requiring the reform music education has gained more and more attention (Düvel, Wolf, & Kopiez, 2017). With the and innovation of educators. In the process of music teaching, teachers should pay special development of music education, cognitive attention to their own education methods, and learning theory is a new teaching idea that is widely recognized by the education community. encourage students in time (Hong, Yeh, & Lee, 2014). This is the only way to enhance students’ Its application in college music teaching has self-confidence and strengthen their courage to become a hot topic among educators, and has go forward. Modern socio-economic achieved sufficient results in practice (Biasutti, 2017). Therefore, we analyze and study the development is fast, and music has a special artistic beauty. The music courses of many music teaching in regular colleges on the basis of colleges and universities have drawn more and cognitive learning theory, with the purpose of more attention. promoting the better and faster development of The current research on music education teaching theories shows that music is an School of Art, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang important object of cognitive psychology 330013, China. E-Mail: [email protected] research and has been proved to be the form of existence of human wisdom, which shines a light in the direction of music education (Zandén & REVISTA ARGENTINA 2020, Vol. XXIX, N°2, 1193-1201 DE CLÍNICA PSICOLÓGICA 1194 CHIAOTING FENG Thorgersen, 2015). Cognitive learning theory is important of genetic epistemology proposed by one of the achievements of cognitive psychology Piaget are “interaction theory” and research. It is basically consistent with the “construction theory”, and the construction viewpoints of cognitive psychology, yet it theory is the core of Piaget’s genetic enriches the research on the learning process on epistemology. the basis of cognitive psychology (Tidemand & Cognitive learning theory is a kind of theory Nielsen, 2017). If music teachers can adjust their that explores the changes of the current own emotions and moods, and improve their situation which are triggered by experiences. It own cognitive evaluations through expected and believes that as the subject of learning, people required regulations in the teaching process, perceive, notice and understand the information better teaching results will be obtained. of the outside world, and divides human learning Cognitive learning theory is the bright light that into information processing process from shows the direction of music education, and is perception, paying attention, memorizing, very enlightening for music courses and teaching understanding to problem solving (Roncaglia- theories. Denissen, Bouwer, & Honing, 2018). It is a actively selective process, so the quality of learning depends on how active the selection is. AN OVERVIEW OF RELEVANT THEORIES OF Learning and learning psychology are analyzed COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY IN MUSIC EDUCATION from the perspective of cognitive theory, to reflect the subjective initiative that stimulates Definition and connotation of cognitive theories learning, which includes individual cognitive structure, cognitive ability and non-cognition The so-called cognitive development is (Ananthabhotla & Paradiso, 2018). Emphasizing defined as the ways of thinking about things and external influences and self-development and problems and the performance of abilities along with the increase of age and the changes of strengthening the ability of independent thinking and research of problems can make the environment. Formally formed in the 1960s and learning and learning psychology more mature 1970s, the cognitive learning theory explores the and perfect. In the application in educational law of learning by studying the cognitive process of human beings (Saito & Shintani, 2016). It practice, the importance of students’ independent learning ability in classroom holds that human is the main body of learning teaching shall be established to fully reflect the and can actively learn. At present, the most influential cognitive development theory is the connotation of the cognitive theory. An active learning atmosphere shall be created for college cognitive development theory of Piaget, a music classroom teaching according to the famous child psychologist. Piaget divides content of cognitive theory, to promote the children’s cognitive development into four stages from the development of children’s development of students’ music learning initiative. thinking: The sensorimotor stage, the The theoretical research of Piaget's preoperational stage, the concrete-operational stage, and the formal operational stage. The two cognitivism is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1. Theoretical research of Piaget's cognitivism Perceptual computing Maturity and period experience Pre-operational period Early sensory note select processing mood balance reaction Specific operation period Formal social environment operation period Influencing factor REVISTA ARGENTINA 2020, Vol. XXIX, N°2, 1193-1201 DE CLÍNICA PSICOLÓGICA DESIGN OF MUSIC CURRICULUM AND TEACHING THEORY BASED ON COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 1195 Main features of Piaget’s cognitive theory nor directly express their biological instinct Piaget's theory has five major theoretical during their growth. features which are widely accepted and heavily cited by the cognitive development community. Inspirational significance of cognitive These features are as follows: psychology to music teaching theories (1) Emphasizing the universality of cognitive Inspired by cognitive psychology, students’ structure development; subjective initiative shall be stimulated to (2) Assumption about the stages of cognitive cultivate their creativity from the psychological development and the sequential order of the point of view in the process of music education. stages; At the same time, favorable music education (3) Explaining the conversion of two stages environment and open music courses shall be and assuming that there is a large amount of created, so as to develop music education and energy in the inference structure; improve the teaching results (Jalil, Habib, & (4) The main purpose of cognitive Shah, 2018). The greatest inspiration of cognitive development research is to obtain a logical psychology for teaching theories is building the structure of inference which is formed in the theories upon the students’ psychology, fields of space, time, contingency, quantity and following the natural development rules of moral judgment; students’ learning, paying attention to the (5) All structures are established during psychological characteristics of different ages childhood. Children try to understand the rather than imposing teachers’ subjective surrounding environment. They neither consciousness upon students just like pulling up passively accept the surrounding environment Table 1. Main features of Piaget’s cognitive theory Feelings Perceptions Common point Both belonging to the primary stage of cognitive process, they are the reactions to objective reality, and the responses of human brain to objective things. Perceptions come from feelings. Attributes Individual Overall Differences Basis Physical characteristics of Physical characteristics of objective things, attitudes of objective things the perceiver and his/her knowledge and experience Involving Result of the action of a Result of the combined action of multiple analyzing organs certain analyzing organ organs Figure 2. The significance of cognitive psychology to music teaching theories REVISTA ARGENTINA 2020, Vol. XXIX, N°2, 1193-1201 DE CLÍNICA PSICOLÓGICA 1196 CHIAOTING FENG seedlings to help them grow. Students in regular music education
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