O Mcdonald INSTITUTE MONOGRAPHS References
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Butcher, W. Scott
The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project WILLIAM SCOTT BUTCHER Interviewed by: David Reuther Initial interview date: December 23, 2010 Copyright 2015 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Born in Dayton, Ohio, December 12, 1942 Stamp collecting and reading Inspiring high school teacher Cincinnati World Affairs Council BA in Government-Foreign Affairs Oxford, Ohio, Miami University 1960–1964 Participated in student government Modest awareness of Vietnam Beginning of civil rights awareness MA in International Affairs John Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies 1964–1966 Entered the Foreign Service May 1965 Took the written exam Cincinnati, September 1963 Took the oral examination Columbus, November 1963 Took leave of absence to finish Johns Hopkins program Entered 73rd A-100 Class June 1966 Rangoon, Burma, Country—Rotational Officer 1967-1969 Burmese language training Traveling to Burma, being introduced to Asian sights and sounds Duties as General Services Officer Duties as Consular Officer Burmese anti-Indian immigration policies Anti-Chinese riots Ambassador Henry Byroade Comment on condition of embassy building Staff recreation Benefits of a small embassy 1 Major Japanese presence Comparing ambassadors Byroade and Hummel Dhaka, Pakistan—Political Officer 1969-1971 Traveling to Consulate General Dhaka Political duties and mission staff Comment on condition of embassy building USG focus was humanitarian and economic development Official and unofficial travels and colleagues November -
Flooding Projections from Elevation and Subsidence Models for Oil Palm Plantations in the Rajang Delta Peatlands, Sarawak, Malaysia
Flooding projections from elevation and subsidence models for oil palm plantations in the Rajang Delta peatlands, Sarawak, Malaysia Flooding projections from elevation and subsidence models for oil palm plantations in the Rajang Delta peatlands, Sarawak, Malaysia Report 1207384 Commissioned by Wetlands International under the project: Sustainable Peatlands for People and Climate funded by Norad May 2015 Flooding projections for the Rajang Delta peatlands, Sarawak Table of Contents 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 8 1.1 Land subsidence in peatlands ................................................................................. 8 1.2 Assessing land subsidence and flood risk in tropical peatlands ............................... 8 1.3 This report............................................................................................................. 10 2 The Rajang Delta - peat soils, plantations and subsidence .......................................... 11 2.1 Past assessments of agricultural suitability of peatland in Sarawak ...................... 12 2.2 Current flooding along the Sarawak coast ............................................................. 16 2.3 Land cover developments and status .................................................................... 17 2.4 Subsidence rates in tropical peatlands .................................................................. 23 3 Digitial Terrain Model of the Rajang Delta and coastal -
The Orang-Utan Crisis
106 Oryx THE ORANG-UTAN CRISIS FOREWORD The Orang-utan or Maias, Pongo pygmaeus, which lives only in the islands of Borneo and Sumatra, is one of the animals in greatest danger of extermination throughout the world. The threat comes from the demand for young captive orangs. These are normally obtained by shooting the mother, so that, remembering also the numbers of baby orangs which must be killed accidentally with their mothers or die in transit later from disease or undernourishment, it is reasonable to estimate that for every orang to reach its final destination in captivity, at least three perish. In articles in Oryx, VI, 2, August, 1962, Major Tom Harrisson, director of the Sarawak Museum, and his wife, Barbara Harrisson, brought the position of the Orang-utan vividly before the Fauna Preservation Society and for long before that the Society had been bringing the parlous state of the Orang-utan to the notice of the authorities in Singapore—for most orang-utans obtained in the wild are taken first to that port. More recently, at a meeting of the Executive Board of IUCN in May, 1963, Dr. Harold Coolidge, Executive Director of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A., who had just returned from Singapore, told the writer that at least sixty orangs were then " in the pipeline, from Sumatra and Borneo to America and Europe". He suggested that another enquiry should be made at Singapore and this has resulted as follows:— No orang may legally enter Singapore without an import licence and these licences are not granted without an export licence from the country of origin, but control of import is very difficult because of the vast number of ships entering the port and the fact that an orang may be kept on board, nominally as a sailor's pet, until an opportunity to smuggle it ashore occurs. -
Tom Harrisson's Contribution Through Radiocarbon Dating to the Understanding of the Prehistory of Southeast Asia Received 19 September 1977
Tom Harrisson's Contribution through Radiocarbon Dating to the Understanding of the Prehistory of Southeast Asia Received 19 September 1977 RICHARD SHUTLER, JR. OM HARRISSON was appointed Government Ethnologist and Curator of the Sarawak Museum in Kuching in 1947, a post he held until 1966. Although T he was not new to this area, 1947 must be considered the year he officially began archaeological research in Borneo. Tom carried out the first archaeological excavations in Borneo, and, for some areas of that island, these are still the only ones which have been done. From his excavations, particularly at the Great Niah Cave in Sarawak, a number of radiocarbon dates have been obtained that give some idea of the time depth of the prehistoric occupation of Borneo. Harrisson's most important excavations were at Niah Cave, Sarawak, in western Borneo, beginning in 1954. A good deal ofthe work at Niah, Brunei, and Sabah was carried on jointly with Barbara Harrisson. The oldest radiocarbon date for Niah Cave is 41,500 ± 1000 B.P. (GRO-1338), from a depth of 100 inches. Associated with this date are unifacial choppers of classic Southeast Asian Palaeolithic type. From Pit EE, 10 inches below the 41,500 B.P. date, a Homo sapiens skull was found. This is the earliest Homo sapiens skull known from East Asia. Directly below the skull, a small, unretouched flake was found that is described as a "Mid-Sohan" type (Harrisson 1959a). The radiocarbon dates from Niah Cave provide the longest dated cultural sequence in Southeast Asia, going back to 41,500 B.P. -
Ancient Jades Map 3,000 Years of Prehistoric Exchange in Southeast Asia
Ancient jades map 3,000 years of prehistoric exchange in Southeast Asia Hsiao-Chun Hunga,b, Yoshiyuki Iizukac, Peter Bellwoodd, Kim Dung Nguyene,Be´ re´ nice Bellinaf, Praon Silapanthg, Eusebio Dizonh, Rey Santiagoh, Ipoi Datani, and Jonathan H. Mantonj Departments of aArchaeology and Natural History and jInformation Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia; cInstitute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, P.O. Box 1-55, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; dSchool of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia; eDepartment of Ancient Technology Research, Vietnam Institute of Archaeology, Hanoi, Vietnam; fCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite´Mixte de Recherche 7528, 27 Rue Paul Bert, 94204 Ivry-sur-Seine, France; gDepartment of Archaeology, Silpakorn University, Bangkok 10200, Thailand; hArchaeology Division, National Museum of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines; and iSarawak Museum, Kuching, Malaysia Edited by Robert D. Drennan, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, and approved October 5, 2007 (received for review August 3, 2007) We have used electron probe microanalysis to examine Southeast Japanese archaeologist Kano Tadao (7) recognized four types of Asian nephrite (jade) artifacts, many archeologically excavated, jade earrings with circumferential projections that he believed dating from 3000 B.C. through the first millennium A.D. The originated in northern Vietnam, spreading from there to the research has revealed the existence of one of the most extensive Philippines and Taiwan. Beyer (8), Fox (3), and Francis (9) also sea-based trade networks of a single geological material in the suggested that the jade artifacts found in the Philippines were of prehistoric world. Green nephrite from a source in eastern Taiwan mainland Asian origin, possibly from Vietnam. -
Niah Cave) Sarawak) Burial Series Using Stable Isotopes of Carbon
Reconstructing Human Subsistence in the West Mouth (Niah Cave) Sarawak) Burial Series Using Stable Isotopes of Carbon JOHN KRIGBAUM THIS PAPER PRESENTS A PALAEODIETARY ANALYSIS using stable carbon isotopes oftooth enamel to explore diachronic patterns ofhuman subsistence in the termi nal Pleistocene and Holocene at Niah Cave (Sarawak, Malaysia). Niah's West Mouth has produced an outstanding archaeological assemblage (Barker et al. 2000,2001, 2002a, 2002b, 2003; T. Harrisson 1957,1959,1972; Zuraina 1982) that "contains the longest stratified record of human occupation in Island South east Asia" (Bellwood 1997: 172). Aside from early human remains oflate Pleisto cene context, most proper burials recovered from the West Mouth can be consid ered terminal Pleistocene or Holocene in age (Bellwood 1997; Brooks et al. 1979; B. Harrisson 1967; Krigbaum and Manser in prep.). The burial series pro vides a unique opportunity to address diachronic trends in pre-Neolithic and Neolithic human subsistence patterns in a single locale. Isotopic data presented below provide a fresh perspective for understanding prehistoric lifeways of for aging populations inhabiting tropical lowland settings in Southeast Asia, particu larly with respect to how caves serve as a component of complex subsistence and settlement patterns (Anderson 1997). THE RESEARCH CONTEXT Surprisingly, little detailed work has been conducted on reconstructing prehistoric human subsistence in the lowland tropics of Southeast Asia. In part this is due to negative evidence in the record and the paucity of sites of appropriate age. Post glacial changes in topography and climate have greatly affected what evidence might exist for late Pleistocene human presence. Because the Sunda subcontinen tal shelf is so shallow, sea level transgression dramatically changed the configura tion of land and sea, with rising sea levels submerging any habitation sites in coastal lowland settings (Dunn and Dunn 1977; Hanebuth et al. -
Conference Papers, Edited by Ramesh C
Quantity Meets Quality: Towards a digital library. By Jasper Faase & Claus Gravenhorst (Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Netherland) Jasper Faase Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Netherland Jasper Faase is a historian and Project Manager Digitization at the Koninklijke Bibliotheek (National Library of the Netherlands). Since 1999 Jasper has been involved in large scale digitization projects concerning historical data. In 2008 he joined the KB as coordinator of ‘Heritage of the Second World War’, a digitization programme that generated the following national collections: war diaries, propaganda material and illegally printed literature. He currently heads the Databank Digital Daily Newspapers project at the Koninklijke Bibliotheek, as well as several other mass-digitization projects within the KB’s digitization department. Claus Gravenhorst CCS Content Conversion Specialists GmbH Claus Gravenhorst joined CCS Content Conversion Specialists GmbH in 1983, holds a diploma in Electrical Engineering (TU Braunschweig, 1983). Today he is the Director of Strategic Initiatives at CCS leading business development. For 10 years Claus was in charge of the product management of CCS products. During the METAe Project, sponsored by the European Union Framework 5, from 2000 to 2003 Claus collaborated with 16 international partners (Universities, Libraries and Research Institutions) to develop a conversion engine for books and journals. Claus was responsible for the project management, exploration and dissemination. The METAe Project was successfully completed in August 2003. Since 2003 he is engaged in Business Development and promoted docWORKS as a speaker on various international conferences and exhibitions. In 2006 Claus contributed as a co-author to “Digitalization - International Projects in Libraries and Archives”, published in June 2007 by BibSpider, Berlin. -
Borneo) in Two Different Ways
Contributions to Zoology, 78 (4) 141-147 (2009) Estimating the snake species richness of the Santubong Peninsula (Borneo) in two different ways Johan van Rooijen1, 2, 3 1 Zoological Museum Amsterdam, Mauritskade 61, 1092 AD Amsterdam, The Netherlands 2 Tulpentuin 313, 2272 EH Voorburg, The Netherlands 3 E-mail: [email protected] Key words: Chao I estimator, negative exponential function, rarefaction curve, Santubong Peninsula Borneo, snakes, species richness, Weibull function Abstract stantial investments in terms of search effort. This is particularly true for snakes which are hard to find (e.g. The distribution of Borneo’s species across the island is far Lloyd et al., 1968; Inger and Colwell, 1977; Hofer and from well-known. This is particularly true for snakes which are hard to find. Given the current rate of habitat destruction and Bersier, 2001; Orlov et al., 2003). As a consequence, consequent need for conservation strategies, more information estimation techniques are of interest when the intend- is required as to the species composition and richness of spe- ed objective is to assess species richness, an elemen- cific areas of potential conservation priority. An example is the tary criterion conservationists may use when identify- Santubong Peninsula, Sarawak, Malaysia, part of which has re- ing priority areas. One such estimation technique con- cently been gazetted as a National Park. In this paper, the snake species richness of the Santubong Peninsula is estimated on the sists of extrapolating the species accumulation curve. basis of data obtained during 450 survey-hours. Thirty-two spe- Species accumulation curves are regularly applied in cies were recorded. -
Behavioural Complexity and Modern Traits in the Philippine Upper Palaeolithic
Behavioural Complexity and Modern Traits in the Philippine Upper Palaeolithic AlFred F. PAwlIk introduction The discussion of cultural, cognitive, and behavioral modernity has a long tradition in europe’s prehistoric archaeology ( Dibble 1989; Hahn 1986; Jelinek 1982; klein 1995, 1999; Mellars 1989a, 1989b). The appearance of specialized blade indus- tries, bone and antler tools, and especially figurative art, musical instruments, and personal ornaments are seen as significant indicators of the highly developed cultural and cognitive abilities of their makers (Clottes 2001; Conard 2003; Conard et al. 2004). The seemingly sudden appearance of expressive art and symbolism together with complex tool technologies in europe at around 40,000 years ago has been attributed to explosive cultural and cognitive advancement with the arrival of ana- tomically modern Homo sapiens ( Klein and Blake 2002; Mellars 1991; Mithen 1996). Whether this Upper Palaeolithic revolution in europe was due to social factors or genetic mutation, was related to changes in the ecosystem, or has a cultural expla- nation (such as competition with another human species, the Neanderthals) is still under debate ( Bar-Yossef 2002; Conard et al. 2004; d’errico 2003; Haidle 2006; McBrearty and Brooks 2000; Mellars 2005; Zilhão 2001). Yet, the “human revolu- tion” model is used to explain the success of the Homo sapiens immigrants over the Neanderthals ( Bräuer and Smith 1992; Conard 2006, 2008; Mellars 2005). On the other hand, potential indicators of an earlier and gradually developing cul- tural and cognitive modernity have been seen in African assemblages. The appearance of some modern cognitive traits (e.g., production of projectile points, shell-fishing, personal ornaments, notational or incised pieces, and pigment processing) in Africa has been dated back to the Middle Pleistocene, earlier than the first evidence of ana- tomically modern hominids 200,000 years ago (Henshilwood et al. -
The Nonconservative Distribution Pattern of Organic Matter in the Rajang, a Tropical River with Peatland in Its Estuary
Biogeosciences, 17, 2473–2485, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2473-2020 © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. The nonconservative distribution pattern of organic matter in the Rajang, a tropical river with peatland in its estuary Zhuo-Yi Zhu1, Joanne Oakes2, Bradley Eyre2, Youyou Hao1, Edwin Sien Aun Sia3, Shan Jiang1, Moritz Müller3, and Jing Zhang1 1State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China 2Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia 3Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Jalan Simpang Tiga, Kuching, 93350, Sarawak, Malaysia Correspondence: Zhuo-Yi Zhu ([email protected], [email protected]) Received: 26 April 2019 – Discussion started: 5 August 2019 Revised: 10 February 2020 – Accepted: 2 March 2020 – Published: 7 May 2020 Abstract. Southeast Asian peatland-draining rivers have at- of organic carbon and nitrogen. Where affected by anthro- tracted much attention due to their high dissolved organic pogenic activities, further assessment of organic carbon to carbon (DOC) yield and high CO2 emissions under anthro- nitrogen ratios is needed. pogenic influences. In August 2016, we carried out a field investigation of the Rajang River and its estuary, a tropi- cal system located in Sarawak, Malaysia. The Rajang has peatland in its estuary, while the river basin is covered by 1 Introduction tropical rainforest. DOC-δ13C in the Rajang ranged from −28:7 ‰ to −20:1 ‰, with a U-shaped trend from river to Fluxes and cycling of organic matter (OM) in rivers and estuary. -
South-East Asia Second Edition CHARLES S
Geological Evolution of South-East Asia Second Edition CHARLES S. HUTCHISON Geological Society of Malaysia 2007 Geological Evolution of South-east Asia Second edition CHARLES S. HUTCHISON Professor emeritus, Department of geology University of Malaya Geological Society of Malaysia 2007 Geological Society of Malaysia Department of Geology University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the Geological Society of Malaysia ©Charles S. Hutchison 1989 First published by Oxford University Press 1989 This edition published with the permission of Oxford University Press 1996 ISBN 978-983-99102-5-4 Printed in Malaysia by Art Printing Works Sdn. Bhd. This book is dedicated to the former professors at the University of Malaya. It is my privilege to have collabo rated with Professors C. S. Pichamuthu, T. H. F. Klompe, N. S. Haile, K. F. G. Hosking and P. H. Stauffer. Their teaching and publications laid the foundations for our present understanding of the geology of this complex region. I also salute D. ]. Gobbett for having the foresight to establish the Geological Society of Malaysia and Professor Robert Hall for his ongoing fascination with this region. Preface to this edition The original edition of this book was published by known throughout the region of South-east Asia. Oxford University Press in 1989 as number 13 of the Unfortunately the stock has become depleted in 2007. Oxford monographs on geology and geophysics. -
Bbm:978-3-319-44515-1/1.Pdf
Index A Busuanga group of islands , 93 Abu Simbel Temples , 1 , 47 , 49 Butuan/Balangay boat , 92 Agenda 21 , 19 Angono petroglyphs , 91 Antiquities Act, Finland , 61 , 64 , 66–69 , 71 C Archaeological heritage tourism , 101 Cagayan Valley , 92 Archaeological Resource Management Cagayancillo , 93 (ARM) , 1 1 Callao Cave , 92 Archdiocese of Oviedo , 163 Campiglia Marittima, Italy , 144 Argentina , 117 , 119–122 Catholic Church , 118 , 160 Asociación Inkallaqta, Raqchi (Peru) , 182 Cebu , 90–92 Association of Southern African Professional Center for the Interpretation of ‘Nature’, Archaeologists , 110 Tuñón , 161 Association La Ponte , 156 , 163 , 165 Chartered Institute for Archaeologists Asturias, Spain , 162 , 166 (CIFA) , 10 Aswan High Dam , 1 , 16 , 47 Chau Hiix (Belize) , 7 , 190–195 , 197 The Club of Rome , 48 Cluster , 7 , 8 , 57 , 137 , 139 , 141 , 142 , 144 , B 146–148 , 173 Baboon Point , 105–109 , 112 , 113 Cluster governance , 140–141 Balabac Island , 93 Coal of Africa Limited (CoAL) , 111 , 113 Balobok rockshelter , 92 Cognitive capitalism , 153 , 160 , 162 , 163 Baratti , 144 , 146 Colosseum , 157 Barcelona , 162 Common pool resource (CPR) , 8 , 166 , 173 , Batanes Islands , 92 174 , 179 , 184 , 190 , 192–195 Bear Valleys , 161 Commons, 7, 154, 171 BirdLife South Africa , 110 Community archaeology , 104 , 138 , 181 Bohol , 92 Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Boljoon , 92 Reservation (CTUIR) , 8 , 77–86 Bourdieu, P. , 154 Convention for the Safeguarding of the Brundtland Report , 46–48 Intangible Cultural Heritage , 65 Budapest Declaration , 17 , 46 , 49 , 50 Convention on the Protection of the Bujang Valley, Philippines , 31 , 33 , 35 , 41 Underwater Cultural Heritage , 65 Bureau of Land Management (United States) , Coxcomb Basin Wildlife Refuge , 182 80–86 Crooked Tree Village (Belize) , 190–196 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 201 P.G.