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Collected Orations of Pope Pius II. Vol. 10: Orations 64-77 (1462-1464)

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Collected Orations of Pope Pius II. Vol. 10: Orations 64-77 (1462-1464) Collected Orations of Pope Pius II. Vol. 10: Orations 64-77 (1462-1464). 4th version Michael Von Cotta-Schönberg To cite this version: Michael Von Cotta-Schönberg. Collected Orations of Pope Pius II. Vol. 10: Orations 64-77 (1462- 1464). 4th version. Scholars’ Press. 2019, 9786138919483. hal-01591201 HAL Id: hal-01591201 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01591201 Submitted on 4 Dec 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Collected Orations of Pope Pius II. Edited and translated by Michael von Cotta-Schönberg Vol. 10: Orations 64-77 (1462-1464) 4th version 2019 0 Abstract Volume 10 of the Collected Orations of Pope Pius II contains fourteen orations held by Pius II in the last years of his pontificate, from 1462-1464. It comprises the three very important orations from March 1462, the “Existimatis fortasse” relaunching his crusade project, the “Per me reges regnant” on the abolition of Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, and the “Superioribus diebus” with a refusal to grant communion under both species to the Bohemians. It also contains the orations delivered at the reception of Saint Andrew’s Head in Rome, a major propaganda scoop for the papacy. And finally it contains the “Sextus agitur annus”, the prelude to his great crusade bull Ezechielis propheta, officially initiating his crusade. Keywords Enea Silvio Piccolomini; Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini; Aenas Sylvius Piccolomini; Pope Pius II; Papa Pio II; Papal orations; Renaissance orations; Renaissance oratory; Renaissance rhetorics; 1460- 1462; 15th century; Papacy; Wars against the Turks; Crusades against the Turks; Italian politics; Venice; Florence; Bosnia; Saint Andrew; Saint Andrew’s Head; Relics; Cult of relics; Siena; Sigismondo Malatesta; Malatesta Family; Salt mines of Cervia; Venezia; Venice; Florence; Firenze; Hussites; Bohemia; Communion under both species; Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges; Papacy; France Editor/translator Michael v. Cotta-Schönberg Mag. Art. (University of Copenhagen) Bachelier en Philosophie (Université de Louvain) Emeritus Deputy Director General / The Royal Library, Copenhagen Emeritus University Librarian / University of Copenhagen ORCID identity: 000-0001-8499-4142 e-mail: [email protected] 1 Foreword In 2007, I undertook a project of publishing the Latin texts with English translations of the orations of Pope Pius II. Altogether 801 orations (including papal responses to ambassadorial addresses) are extant today, though more may still be held, unrecognized, in libraries and archives. At a later stage the project was expanded to include ambassadors’ orations to the pope, of which about 40 are presently known. I do not, actually, plan to publish further versions of the present volume, but I do reserve the option in case I – during my future studies - come across other manuscripts containing interesting versions of the oration or if important new research data on the subject matter are published, making it appropriate to modify or expand the present text. I shall much appreciate to be notified by readers who discover errors and problems in the text and translation or unrecognized quotations. 20 July 2019 MCS 1 81 orations, if the ”Cum animadverto” is counted as a Piccolomini-oration, see oration “Quam laetus” [18], Appendix 2 Table of volumes in Collected Orations of Pope Pius II. 12 vols. Edited and translated by Michael von Cotta-Schönberg. 1. General introduction 2. 1436-1444 (Orations 1-5) 3. 1445-1449 (Orations 6-13) 4. 1450-1453 (Orations 14-20) 5. 1454-1455 (Orations 21-25) 6. 1455-1457 (Orations 26-28) 7. 1458-1459 (Orations 29-42) 8. 1459-1459 (Orations 43-51) 9. 1459-1461 (Orations 52-63) 10. 1462-1464 (Orations 64-77) 11. 1454, 1459 (Orations 78-80). Orthographical profiles. Indices 12. Appendix: Ambassadors’ orations to Pope Pius II 3 Table of contents 64. Existimatis fortasse (1 March 1462, Rome) 6 65. Per me reges regnant (16 March 1462, Rome 40 66. Superioribus diebus (31 March 1462, Rome) 112 67. Advenisti tandem (12 April 1462, Rome) 176 68. Si loqui possent (13 April 1462, Rome) 176 69. Munera quae attulistis (July 1462, Abbadia) 208 70. Quaecumque rogat (October 1462, Petriolo) 226 71. Habemus fidem (November 1462, Rome) 260 72. Senatu intercedente (May 1463, Rome) 276 73. Expectatis (September 1463, Rome) 296 74. Si essemus ipsi (22 September 1463, Rome) 340 75. Sextus agitur annus (23 September 1463, Rome) 370 76. Suscepturi (18 June 1464, Rome) 446 77. Ecce, ecce (August 1463, Rome) 474 4 Abbreviations CO = Pius II: Commentarii rerum memorabilium quae suis temporibus contigerunt [1464] HA = Eneas Silvius Piccolomini: Historia Austrialis. Teil 1: Einleitung von Martin Wagendorfer. 1. Redaktion ed. von Julia Knödler. Teil 2: 2./3, ed. Martin Wagendorfer. 2 vols. Hannover, 2009. (Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Scriptores Rerum Germanicarum. Nova Series; 24) HB = Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini: Historia Bohemica. Herausg. J. Hejnic & H. Rothe. 2 vols. Köln, 2005. (Bausteine zur slavischen Philologie und Kulturgeschichte. Neue Folge. Reihe B; 20) MA = Pius II: Orationes politicae et ecclesiasticae. Ed. Giovanni Domenico Mansi. 3 vols. Lucca: Benedini, 1755-1759 MPL = Migne, Jacques-Paul: Patrologia latina. 217 vols. 1841-1865 OO = Pius II: Opera quae extant omnia. Basel: Heinrich Petri, 1551 [2nd ed., 1571; Anastatic reprod. Frankfurt: Minerva 1967] RTA = Deutsche Reichstagsakten WO = Der Briefwechsel des Eneas Silvius Piccolomini. Hrsg. von Rudolf Wolkan. 3 vols. Wien, 1909-1918 Decretum = Decretum magistri Gratiani. Ed. Lipsiensis secunda. Eds. A.L. Richter & A. Friedberg. 2 vols. Leipzig, 1879 Epistolarium = Enee Silvii Piccolominei Epistolarium Secvlare. Ed. A. van Heck. Città del Vaticano, 2007 Rainaldus = Annales ecclesiastici ab anno MCXCVIII ubi Card. Baronius desinit. Auct. Odoricus Raynaldus. Tom. XVIII-XIX. Roma: Varesius, 1659-1663 Reject = Reject Aeneas, accept Pius : Selected letters of Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini (Pope Pius II). Intr. and transl. by T.M. Izbicki et al. Washington, D.C., 2006 5 (Collected Orations of Pope Pius II; 64) 6 Oration “Existimatis fortasse” of Pope Pius II (1 March 1462, Rome). Edited and translated by by Michael von Cotta-Schönberg 2019 7 Abstract After his return from Mantua in October 1460, Pope Pius II had not been very active in the matter of the crusade. In the face of the European rulers’ skepticism and even directly negative attitudes towards a crusade, he was unsure of how to proceed, and moreover he had become engaged in two wars, one in the Papal States and one in the Kingdom of Naples. By March 1462, however, he had found a way, he thought, to reactivate the crusade project, viz. by holding the Duke of Burgundy to his crusade oath, made in January 1454 and publicized all over Europe. As he also knew that Venice was now ready to join a crusade, he summoned a small group of loyal cardinals and submitted the matter to them in the oration “Existimatis fortasse”. Keywords Enea Silvio Piccolomini; Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini; Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini; Pope Pius II; Papa Pio II; urgundy; Venice; Duc Philippe III le Bon; Duke Philip III the Good; Emperor Frederick III (Habsburg); Kaiser Friedrich III (Habsburg); King Charles VII; Doge Pasquale Malipiero; Crusades; War against the Turks; 1462; Cardinals; King Louis XI; Roi Louis XI; Venezia; Venice; Hungary; Renaissance orations; Renaissance oratory; Renaissance rhetorics; 15th century; 1462 8 Table of contents I. INTRODUCTION 1. Context 2. Themes 2.1. Pius’ engagement in the crusade 2.2. New strategy for mobilizing the crusade 3. Date, place, audience, and format 4. Text 4.1. Manuscripts 4.2. Editions and translations 4.3. Present edition 5. Sources 6. Bibliography 7. Sigla II. TEXT AND TRANSLATION 1. Pius’ inactivity in the crusade matter [1] 2. Failure of previous strategy [2-3] 3. Towards a new strategy [4-10] 3.1. Involving the Duke of Burgundy [5] 3.2. Pius’ personal participation [6] 3.3. Broadening the alliance [7] 3.4. Importance of Venice [8] 3.5. Mobilizing Christianity [9] 3.6. Conclusion [10] 9 10 I. INTRODUCTION 11 1. Context1 In the years after the Congress of Mantua in 14592 it had become painfully obvious that the promises of kings, princes, and city states regarding the crusade against the Turks would not be kept, and that the whole Congress had been a failure. The pope himself had fought valiantly for the crusade and nobody could blame him for indifference in this regard, but this was a meager and bitter consolation3 to the pope who was deeply disappointed at the outcome and justifiably put the blame for the failure on the princes. On the other hand, during these years the pope’s energies and resources were tied up in two other wars, one in the Church States and one in the Kingdom of Naples, and it would really not have been possible for him at the same time to engage in a large scale war against the Turks.4 Still, his inability to make the Turkish matter progress was deeply distressing to him, and though he did not speak of it publicly, in his mind he kept returning to the crusade and how to organize it when the
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