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ACTA POLONIAE PHARMACEUTICA VOL. 71 No. 1 January/February 2014 ISSN 0001-6837 Drug Research EDITOR Aleksander P. Mazurek National Medicines Institute, The Medical University of Warsaw ASSISTANT EDITOR Jacek Bojarski Medical College, Jagiellonian University, KrakÛw EXECUTIVE EDITORIAL BOARD Miros≥awa Furmanowa The Medical University of Warsaw Boøenna Gutkowska The Medical University of Warsaw Roman Kaliszan The Medical University of GdaÒsk Jan Pachecka The Medical University of Warsaw Jan Pawlaczyk K. Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, PoznaÒ Janusz Pluta The Medical University of Wroc≥aw Witold Wieniawski Polish Pharmaceutical Society, Warsaw Pavel Komarek Czech Pharmaceutical Society Henry Ostrowski-Meissner Charles Sturt University, Sydney Erhard Rˆder Pharmazeutisches Institut der Universit‰t, Bonn Phil Skolnick DOV Pharmaceutical, Inc. Zolt·n Vincze Semmelweis University of Medicine, Budapest This Journal is published bimonthly by the Polish Pharmaceutical Society (Issued since 1937) The paper version of the Publisher magazine is a prime version. Starting from volume 71, issue no. 2/2014, the journal Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research will be published exclusively in an electronic version. This version can be found in the Internet on page www.actapoloniaepharmaceutica.pl An access to the journal in its electronic version is free of charge. Impact factor (2013): 0.665 MNiSW score (2013): 15 points Index Copernicus (2012): 13.18 Cited in: Chemical Abstracts, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, EMBASE/Excerpta Medica, Index Medicus, MEDLINE Science Citation Index Expanded Journal Citation Reports/Sci. Ed., Derwent Drug File Typeset by RADIUS, Warszawa; Printed by Oficyna Wydawniczo-Poligraficzna, Zπbki Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica ñ Drug Research Volume 71, Number 1 January/February 2014 CONTENTS REVIEW 3. Muhammad Jawad Nasim, Muhammad Hassham Hassan Gist of medicinal plants of Pakistan having ethnobotanical Bin Asad, Durr-E-Sabih, Raja Muhammad Ikram, evidences to crush renal calculi (kidney stones). Muhammad Sikandar Hussain, Muhammad Tajammal Khan, Ghafoor Ahmad, Sabiha Karim, Shujaat Ali Khan, Ghulam Murtaza 11. Marta JÛüwiak-BÍbenista, Jerzy Z. Nowak Paracetamol: mechanism of action, applications and safety concern. ANALYSIS 25. Piotr Nowicki, Jolanta Klos, Zenon J. Kokot Amphetamines in wastewater of the city PoznaÒ (Poland) - estimation of drug abuse. DRUG BIOCHEMISTRY 35. Jin Taek Hwang, Sanghee Kim, Inwook Choi, 3,5-Dimethoxy-(4-methoxyphenyl)benzamide suppresses Sang Yoon Choi adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. 39. Ma≥gorzata Dawgul, Magdalena Maciejewska, Maciej Antimicrobial peptides as potential tool to fight bacterial biofilm. Jaskiewicz, Anna Karafova, Wojciech Kamysz DRUG SYNTHESIS 49. Joanna Øyta, Agata Jaszczyszyn, Piotr åwiπtek, Synthesis, pro-apoptotic activity and 2D-QSAR studies Kazimierz Gπsiorowski, Wies≥aw Malinka of new analogues of fluphenazine. 59. Iwona Winiecka, Dorota Marsza≥ek, Anna Goldnik, New renin inhibitors containing phenylalanylhistidyl-γ-amino Pawe≥ Jaworski, Aleksander P. Mazurek acid derivatives in P3 ñ P1í position. 71. Marcin MπczyÒski, Stanis≥aw Ryng, Jolanta Artym, New lead structures in the isoxazole system: relationship between Maja KociÍba, Micha≥ Ozimecki, Katarzyna Brudnik, quantum chemical parameters and immunological activity. Jerzy T. Jodkowski NATURAL DRUGS 85. Pawe≥ KonieczyÒski, Marek Weso≥owski Phytate, inorganic and total phosphorus and their relations to selected trace and major elements in herbal teas. PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY 95. Tushar A. Premchandani, Bhakti B. Barik Statistical optimization and in-vitro evaluation of hollow microcapsules of an anti-hypertensive agent. 107. Abayomi T. Ogunjimi, Gbenga Alebiowu Material and tableting properties of Azadirachta indica gum with reference to official acacia gum. 119. Micha≥ Krzysztof Ko≥odziejczyk, Micha≥ Jakub Nachajski, Surface activity of novel surface active compounds, products Marek Lukosek, Marian Miko≥aj Zgoda of catalytic oxyethylation of cholic acid and their micellar adducts with selected lipophilic therapeutic agents. 129. Bhanu P. Sahu, Malay K. Das Nanoprecipitation with sonication for enhancement of oral bioavailability of furosemide. 139. Ghulam Murtaza, Sabiha Karim, Muhammad Interaction analysis of aspirin with selective amino acids. Najam-Ul-Haq, Mahmood Ahmad, Tariq Ismail, Shujaat Ali Khan, Muhammad Hassham Hassan Bin Asad, Izhar Hussain 145. Dorota Szura, £ukasz Ozimek, Magdalena Przyby≥o, The impact of liposomes on transdermal permeation of naproxen - Katarzyna Kar≥owicz-Bodalska, Ewa JaüwiÒska-Tarnawska, in vitro studies. Anna Wiela-HojeÒska, Stanis≥aw Han APPHAX 71 (1) 1 ñ 212 (2014) 153. Vipin K. Sharma, B. Mazumdar Characterization of gliclazide release from isabgol husk hydrogel beads by validated HPLC method. 167. Kamil P. Grela, Dominik M. Marciniak, Janusz Pluta Stability evaluation of thermosensitive drug carrier systems based on PluronicÆ F-127 polymer GENERAL 181. Katarzyna Miaskowska-Daszkiewicz Legal instruments supporting the development of orphan medicinal products in the European Union. 189. Martin Dosedel, Tereza Hendrychova, Josef Maly, Prescription of evidence-based medicine drugs by general Ales Kubena, Svatopluk Byma, Jiri Vlcek practitioners to patients after myocardial infarction: outcomes from the Czech Republic. 197. Anna Paczkowska, Dorota Koligat, Eløbieta Nowakowska, Analysis of direct costs of hypertension treatment among Karolina Hoffmann, Wies≥aw Bryl adolescents in Poland. SHORT COMMUNICATION 205. Mohd. Shuaib, Mohammed Ali, Kamran J. Naquvi New abietatriene-type diterpenes linked with lanostenes from oleo-resin of Pinus roxburghii Sarg. Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica ñ Drug Research, Vol. 71 No. 1 pp. 3ñ10, 2014 ISSN 0001-6837 Polish Pharmaceutical Society REVIEW GIST OF MEDICINAL PLANTS OF PAKISTAN HAVING ETHNOBOTANICAL EVIDENCES TO CRUSH RENAL CALCULI (KIDNEY STONES) MUHAMMAD JAWAD NASIM1, MUHAMMAD HASSHAM HASSAN BIN ASAD1 , DURR-E-SABIH2, RAJA MUHAMMAD IKRAM3, MUHAMMAD SIKANDAR HUSSAIN3, MUHAMMAD TAJAMMAL KHAN4, GHAFOOR AHAMAD5, SABIHA KARIM6, SHUJAAT ALI KHAN1 and GHULAM MURTAZA1* 1Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060 Pakistan 2MINAR, Nishtar Hospital, Multan, Pakistan 3Government Degree College Dultala, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan 4Department of Botany, Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan 5Department of Zoology, Bahauddin-Zakariya-University, Multan, Pakistan 6College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan Abstract: Human civilization is facing the problem of kidney stones since ancient ages. Although mortality rate is not so high, yet it affects the victimís quality of life. The patient suffers from intense pain and many other symptoms modifying his life style and affecting his socioeconomic status. Many drugs and invasive methods have also been developed for the treatment, but these are highly costly and unaffordable for poor people and the rate of reoccurrence is also high. The use of medicinal plants is both affordable and effective in this respect. In this article, 35 medicinal plants of Pakistan origin and their crucial information have been enumerated in alphabetical order of plantís scientific name, family, place (distribution), part used, local name, habit, major constituents and references. It can also be seen that all parts are used for the treatment of kidney stones. Leaves represent 28% contribution, whole plants and seeds 12%, fruits and roots 11% contribution in this respect. Flowers contribute 8% in the treatment of kidney stone while branches, bark, bushes, buds, milk and shoots contribute only 3% in the removal of kidney stones. Habits of plants were also taken under consideration. It was noticed that herbs are the most useful life form in this regard which contributed 63% for the removal of kidney stone. Shrubs contributed 20%, trees 11% while bushes and weeds contributed 3% for the removal of kidney stones. Keywords: renal calculi, Pakistan, medicinal plants, crush One of the major diseases that affect human poor people and the rate of reoccurrence is also high population since ancient ages are the kidney stones from 50 to 80% (1). The remedy that is the safest (renal calculi). Kidney stones result in the modifica- and cheapest includes the use of medicinal plants. tion of the victimís behavior with great fear of Medicinal plants have occupied an important place intense pain and threaten with failure of the kidneys. in the society of developing countries, not only as a Urinary stones contain both crystalloid and colloid source of economy but also for improving quality of components. The crystalloid components are mainly life, because 80% of human population prefer using calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, calcium car- herbal remedies (2). bonate, magnesium-ammonium phosphate, uric acid Modern pharmacopoeia includes at least 25% and cysteine. Various drugs are available for the of the drugs coming from plant origin, 121 of such treatment of this disease. Moreover, advancements active substances are being in use currently or syn- in medical techniques have led to the development thetic analogs are obtained from natural precursors. of invasive methods of stone disruption like Hence, potential of medicinal plants cannot be lithotripsy and surgical methods. But these are very underestimated (3). Various plants have been report- expensive methods which are non-affordable by the ed to be used for the treatment of kidney stones.
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