02.07.21 from CONTEMPT to COMPASSION Mike Gathright

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

02.07.21 from CONTEMPT to COMPASSION Mike Gathright Storyline Gathering - 02.07.21 FROM CONTEMPT TO COMPASSION Mike Gathright Say what you will about this last year, one good thing we are seeing of a lot of is conviction. People are extremely motivated, super passionate, and really inspired. There is no shortage of conviction today. The problem is that way too often this conviction is leading not just to action but tragically, to contempt. The nightly news and daily headlines are a constant reminder of the contempt that our politicians, pundits and preachers have for each other and anyone or cause with different convictions. I was talking to a friend of mine who is a marriage counselor and she was telling me, marriages can bounce back from all kinds of incredibly difficult circumstances, deep divisions, horribly painful betrayal even, but one sign that a marriage may be beyond all hope is when one partner or both holds the other in contempt. I was describing the outline for this talk to a friend, he cautioned me that as destructive and harmful as contempt is, apathy may be worse. It is an interesting point. Apathy is difficult to work with, to grow from, because by definition it is a disengagement from the world around us. In some ways it is a type of contempt for any action at all...apathy is a thinly veiled attempt to get through a life of, what Thoreau described as - “quiet desperation.” So, we may think apathy is a step above or beyond the hatred and chaos of contempt, but it is not…it is the tacit admission that all conviction inevitably leads to doing more harm than good - all conviction is the slippery slope to contempt. This morning I want to challenge that - both our temptation toward apathy and the slippery slope that too much conviction inevitably leads to contempt…And I’d like to invite us to consider the life of Jesus as an incredible example of how deep conviction can lead us from contempt to compassion Dear Hate - Maren Morris To avoid apathy and contempt, we need to see how love conquers all. And the best example of this is the life of Jesus and his conviction to live by faith in the Grace of God...which makes our question, How does living BY faith in the Grace of God - how does that conviction - lead us from contempt to compassion? We have to begin by acknowledging that Jesus, at times, seemed to display contempt: he called the religious establishment and its leaders, blind guides, serpents, a brood of vipers, empty vessels filled with dead men’s bones; among other things - none of which were very nice. In one translation he berates the religious elites as hypocrites saying, “you strain out a gnat and swallow a camel.” Once he said of people exploiting children, it would be better had they not been born! Another time entered the temple and by force kicked out dishonest merchants taking advantage of vulnerable people. But in fairness we do need to see two things about the indignation of Jesus, first, it was reserved, not for those who got it wrong, messed up, were broke, broken or believed in accurately...but strictly for people who held other people in contempt…through exclusion, shame and exploitation... and before we too quickly use that as permission to “go and do likewise” whenever we see fit - we should remember that Jesus has full and accurate knowledge of exactly what was going on in every situation and in every human heart - we... do not. The second thing we need to see about Jesus’s intense frustration with some people was ultimately, when we look at the full story of his life, the bible makes it clear, “he died for the sins of the whole world”, and that means everyone, not just the good guys and the nice people. On the cross he even asks God to forgive those who were the most contemptible of all – the people in the process of killing him and enjoying it while they did. That is not contempt...that is compassion. In the end Jesus’s life can only be fairly described as one “full of compassion” even for the most despicable villains. With that being said, I think one of the reasons we can struggle, I know one of the reasons that I struggle, with conviction breeding contempt instead of compassion is when I get STUCK in a certain place or stage of the life of faith; that elevates certain convictions over and above LOVE. We are all familiar with the framework of “stages of development”. Psychology majors will recall Piaget’s four stages of child development and Erickson’s 8 stages of psycho-social development. Many of us might be familiar with Kohlberg’s stages of moral development and Elisabeth Kuhbler-Ross’s five stages of grief When something is described in “stages” we too often think - linear progression and while there is some truth to that, I’ve always found it more helpful to think of stages of development as descriptions of the process we move through (even cycle through) when we are growing. The problem arises when we get STUCK in a stage. For millennia spiritual thinkers of every tradition, have used the framework of stages to describe a healthy engagement with the life of faith and where it is leading us. One framework that I’ve found to be helpful, lays out the stages of faith development with their corresponding core conviction, like this: STAGE CONVICTION 1. Simplicity – Correctness 2. Complexity – Effectiveness 3. Perplexity – Honesty, justice As a young life leader, in my role at Storyline, as a parent and certainly personally, I have seen how a growing faith often moves through these stages. I have also seen, and experienced personally, what happens when we get stuck in a stage. For example, the stage of simplicity is often experienced as a light switching on, we come to faith and suddenly “we can see” and it is easy to tell the difference between good and bad, right and wrong. In this stage it is not uncommon to fall in love with correctness, to be enamored with answers. We are hard to be around in this stage. We’ve all been around people in this stage, it’s not fun. When we come to believe THIS simplicity is not the path but the destination, our core conviction gets stuck on “correctness” - in politics, this is the stage of ideology - when someone believes not just what they believe is right, but every other view is stupid or evil. The core conviction of correctness breeds contempt for the incorrect. Entire traditions and movements, communities and religions, ideologies and movements can get stuck in this stage. The same is true for the next two stages. As we grow older and hopefully grow up, simplicity is often smothered under the fertilizer of real life and blooms into complexity. In this stage, we begin to realize, much to the dismay of the ideologues, the politicians, pundits and preachers, that life isn’t that simple. In this stage, we begin to love effectiveness, how to “get things done” on a practical level, solving problems, fixing things, achieving goals in a complex world?!? Effectiveness is the core conviction. To be honest, I struggle with getting stuck in this stage, and sure enough, when someone pushes back, when they don’t share my complex yet effective view of life, work, family, theology it isn’t compassion rising up in me, it is contempt. This exasperated eyeroll of “how can they be so _________?” dumb, selfish, shallow, greedy, evil... The next stage of faith can do the same in us if, when we get stuck there, when we try to live our complex and effective view of life - OUT, into the world, suddenly, life and faith becomes “perplexing”, like “what does this look like in the real world? What should our culture be like? How is this applied to society?” It shouldn’t be surprising, stuck in the stage of perplexity, that we come to love our version of justice, it can become our core conviction. And maybe you’ve noticed, when our core conviction is justice and it is opposed, compassion is not the response, it is almost always white, hot contempt. A few Sundays ago, for our Gathering we remembered and celebrated the life of Dr. Martin Luther King; this was a man with profound convictions about justice...his life begs the question - HOW when this conviction of justice was opposed did he respond with compassion and not contempt? I believe it is because he was not stuck in this stage of faith, he was living the life of faith, animated by a higher core conviction, moving through these stages toward the ultimate Goal. The stages of Simplicity, Complexity, Perplexity and their convictions aren’t bad, but they are only a means to an end and if we get stuck, when we mistake the path for the destination, stuck in these lesser convictions when they are opposed we are doomed to contempt. But, as we see in Martin Luther King, and as he discovered it in the life of Jesus, a healthy engagement in the life of faith ultimately leads us toward the goal of Harmony, with the core conviction of LOVE. LOVE is the only conviction that, in the end, even when it is opposed, leads to compassion not contempt. One of Jesus’ first followers, a man named Paul, described living BY faith in the grace of God in many ways, none more compelling than this soaring passage.
Recommended publications
  • Strategies for Managing Evaluation Anxiety: Toward a Psychology of Program Evaluation
    Strategies for Managing Evaluation Anxiety: Toward a Psychology of Program Evaluation STEWART I. DONALDSON, LAURA E. GOOLER, AND MICHAEL SCRIVEN ABSTRACT Excessive evaluation anxiety (XEA) can be a destructive phenomenon in modern program eval- uation. Some of the negative consequences include: Lack of access to important information and data; compliance and cooperation problems; false reporting; effects on bias and validity; and reduced utilization of evaluation findings. If left alone, XEA can lead stakeholders to behave in ways that destroy the credibility of evaluation findings and evaluators. The purpose of this paper is to examine the sources and signs of XEA in program evaluation, and to provide practicing evaluators with strategies to prevent and manage this common problem. This example of how more than technical skills are required to conduct high quality program evaluations illustrates the need for and begins a broader discussion of the psychology of evaluation. INTRODUCTION Most people experience anxiety when their behavior or achievements are being evaluated. Whether evaluations are formal, as in the case of standardized achievement testing, or informal, such as being picked to be part of a soccer team or cheerleading squad, the experience of being evaluated, critiqued, or judged commonly results in an emotional reaction of uneasiness, uncertainty, or apprehension. In essence, many evaluative situations cause people to fear that they will be found to be deficient or inadequate by others (e.g., supervisors, funding agencies, or evaluators in the program evaluation context). The fear of the prospect of a negative evaluation is probably inherent to being human. Criticism, ridicule, contempt, embarrassment, loss of acceptability, loss of respect, and rejection are unpleasant experiences most people attempt to avoid.
    [Show full text]
  • Applying a Discrete Emotion Perspective
    AROUSAL OR RELEVANCE? APPLYING A DISCRETE EMOTION PERSPECTIVE TO AGING AND AFFECT REGULATION SARA E. LAUTZENHISER Bachelor of Science in Psychology Ashland University May 2015 Submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree MASTER OF ARTS IN PSYCHOLOGY At the CLEVELAND STATE UNIVERSITY May 2019 We hereby approve this thesis For SARA E. LAUTZENHISER Candidate for the Master of Arts in Experimental Research Psychology For the Department of Psychology And CLEVELAND STATE UNIVERSITY’S College of Graduate Studies by __________________________ Eric Allard, Ph.D. __________________________ Department & Date __________________________ Andrew Slifkin, Ph. D. (Methodologist) __________________________ Department & Date __________________________ Conor McLennan, Ph.D. __________________________ Department & Date __________________________ Robert Hurley, Ph. D. __________________________ Department & Date Student’s Date of Defense May 10, 2019 AROUSAL OR RELEVANCE? APPLYING A DISCRETE EMOTION PERSPECTIE TO AGING AND AFFECT REGULATION SARA E. LAUTZENHISER ABSTRACT While research in the psychology of human aging suggests that older adults are quite adept at managing negative affect, emotion regulation efficacy may depend on the discrete emotion elicited. For instance, prior research suggests older adults are more effective at dealing with emotional states that are more age-relevant/useful and lower in intensity (i.e., sadness) relative to less relevant/useful or more intense (i.e., anger). The goal of the present study was to probe this discrete emotions perspective further by addressing the relevance/intensity distinction within a broader set of negative affective states (i.e., fear and disgust, along with anger and sadness). Results revealed that participants reported relatively high levels of the intended emotion for each video, while also demonstrating significant affective recovery after the attentional refocusing task.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Deep Structure of Social Affect: Attitudes, Emotions, Sentiments, and the Case of “Contempt”
    BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES (2017), Page 1 of 63 doi:10.1017/S0140525X16000352,e0 On the deep structure of social affect: Attitudes, emotions, sentiments, and the case of “contempt” Matthew M. Gervais School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-2402; Center for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Anthropology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1414 [email protected] www.matthewgervais.net Daniel M. T. Fessler Center for Behavior, Evolution, and Culture, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1553; Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1553 [email protected] www.danielmtfessler.com Abstract: Contempt is typically studied as a uniquely human moral emotion. However, this approach has yielded inconclusive results. We argue this is because the folk affect concept “contempt” has been inaccurately mapped onto basic affect systems. “Contempt” has features that are inconsistent with a basic emotion, especially its protracted duration and frequently cold phenomenology. Yet other features are inconsistent with a basic attitude. Nonetheless, the features of “contempt” functionally cohere. To account for this, we revive and reconfigure the sentiment construct using the notion of evolved functional specialization. We develop the Attitude–Scenario–Emotion (ASE) model of sentiments, in which enduring attitudes represent others’ social-relational value and moderate discrete emotions across scenarios. Sentiments are functional networks of attitudes and emotions. Distinct sentiments, including love, respect, like, hate, and fear, track distinct relational affordances, and each is emotionally pluripotent, thereby serving both bookkeeping and commitment functions within relationships. The sentiment contempt is an absence of respect; from cues to others’ low efficacy, it represents them as worthless and small, muting compassion, guilt, and shame and potentiating anger, disgust, and mirth.
    [Show full text]
  • About Emotions There Are 8 Primary Emotions. You Are Born with These
    About Emotions There are 8 primary emotions. You are born with these emotions wired into your brain. That wiring causes your body to react in certain ways and for you to have certain urges when the emotion arises. Here is a list of primary emotions: Eight Primary Emotions Anger: fury, outrage, wrath, irritability, hostility, resentment and violence. Sadness: grief, sorrow, gloom, melancholy, despair, loneliness, and depression. Fear: anxiety, apprehension, nervousness, dread, fright, and panic. Joy: enjoyment, happiness, relief, bliss, delight, pride, thrill, and ecstasy. Interest: acceptance, friendliness, trust, kindness, affection, love, and devotion. Surprise: shock, astonishment, amazement, astound, and wonder. Disgust: contempt, disdain, scorn, aversion, distaste, and revulsion. Shame: guilt, embarrassment, chagrin, remorse, regret, and contrition. All other emotions are made up by combining these basic 8 emotions. Sometimes we have secondary emotions, an emotional reaction to an emotion. We learn these. Some examples of these are: o Feeling shame when you get angry. o Feeling angry when you have a shame response (e.g., hurt feelings). o Feeling fear when you get angry (maybe you’ve been punished for anger). There are many more. These are NOT wired into our bodies and brains, but are learned from our families, our culture, and others. When you have a secondary emotion, the key is to figure out what the primary emotion, the feeling at the root of your reaction is, so that you can take an action that is most helpful. .
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of Incidental Anger, Contempt, and Disgust on Hostile Language and Implicit Behaviors David Matsumoto1, Hyisung C
    Journal of Applied Social Psychology 2016, 46, pp. 437–452 The effects of incidental anger, contempt, and disgust on hostile language and implicit behaviors David Matsumoto1, Hyisung C. Hwang1, Mark G. Frank2 1Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University and Humintell, LLC 2University at Buffalo, State University of New York Correspondence concerning this addressed to Abstract David Matsumoto, Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Recent studies have suggested that the combination of the emotions anger- Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA. contempt-disgust (ANCODI) is associated with intergroup hostility. This study E-mail: [email protected] examined if incidental elicitation of this emotion combination causally produces hostile cognitions, language, and behaviors. Members of political groups were doi: 10.1111/jasp.12374 primed with either ANCODI, fear 1 sadness, or no emotion, and then engaged in creativity task in relation to their opponent or a non-opponent outgroup. The ANCODI mix produced more hostile cognitions, language, and implicit behaviors associated with hostility, in some cases specifically toward their opponent outgroups, than individuals primed with other emotions. Multiple mediation analyses indicated that the three emotions and their interactions mediated many of the effects. Despite the relatively robust research examining emotion and assessed. Leaders of groups that eventually committed acts of interpersonal aggression (see review in Anderson & Bush- aggression expressed words, language-based metaphorical man, 2002), there has been surprisingly little research on the appraisals, and nonverbal behaviors related to anger, con- role of emotions in intergroup aggression. Two studies in this tempt, and disgust toward their opponent outgroups; other area point to an important role for anger, and to a lesser emotions did not differentiate groups that committed acts of extent, fear.
    [Show full text]
  • Bodily Maps of Emotions
    Bodily maps of emotions Lauri Nummenmaaa,b,c,1, Enrico Glereana, Riitta Harib,1, and Jari K. Hietanend aDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science and bBrain Research Unit, O. V. Lounasmaa Laboratory, School of Science, Aalto University, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland; cTurku PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20521, Turku, Finland; and dHuman Information Processing Laboratory, School of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Tampere, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland Contributed by Riitta Hari, November 27, 2013 (sent for review June 11, 2013) Emotions are often felt in the body, and somatosensory feedback independence of bodily topographies across emotions. We pro- has been proposed to trigger conscious emotional experiences. pose that consciously felt emotions are associated with culturally Here we reveal maps of bodily sensations associated with different universal, topographically distinct bodily sensations that may emotions using a unique topographical self-report method. In five support the categorical experience of different emotions. n = experiments, participants ( 701) were shown two silhouettes of Results bodies alongside emotional words, stories, movies, or facial expres- sions. They were asked to color the bodily regions whose activity We ran five experiments, with 36–302 participants in each. In they felt increasing or decreasing while viewing each stimulus. experiment 1, participants reported bodily sensations associated “ ” “ ” Different emotions were consistently associated with statistically with six basic and seven nonbasic ( complex ) emotions, as separable bodily sensation maps across experiments. These maps well as a neutral state, all described by the corresponding emo- were concordant across West European and East Asian samples. tion words. Fig. 2 shows the bodily sensation maps associated Statistical classifiers distinguished emotion-specific activation maps with each emotion.
    [Show full text]
  • Literature Review: Is the Emotional Expression of Contempt
    Literature Review: Is the Emotional Expression of Contempt Recognized Universally or Culturally? Julianna Phoukhao University of California, Merced Keywords: Contempt, Facial Expression, Forced Choice, Freely Labeling, Universal, Cultural, Emotion. 1 Abstract The universal facial expression of contempt is often described as one lip corner raised and tightened. This literature reviews whether or not this expression is recognized universally. After examining theories and methods, low agreement of this expression recognized as contempt was found across cultures. Evidence so far is not sufficient enough to support the unilateral lip corner as an universal expression for contempt. The expression and recognition of contempt is highly dependent on culture and context. 2 Literature Review Contempt is an emotion described as annoyance (Alvarado, 1996), ignoring or belittling a person (Fischer & Roseman, 2007), and involving another person’s negative actions and feelings of superiority (Wagner, 2000). This emotion is usually initiated when one perceives the inability to change or correct another person’s behavior. The social function of contempt is to end a relationship through rejection and exclusion (Fischer & Roseman, 2007). The concept of emotions serving functions dates back to Darwin’s days (1876) when he proposed the physiological component and facial expressions of basic emotions as innate because they serve towards a goal in one’s environment. He used his observations of evolution as evidence of the universality of emotions. Ekman (1971) challenged Darwin’s theory by conducting his own research in a remote village of Papua New Guinea. Ekman discovered emotions as innate and recognizable through facial expression. His research has also suggested the universality of a contempt expression (Ekman, 1988).
    [Show full text]
  • Choosing Compassion When You Feel Contempt What’S on Your Mind? Week 2 of 7
    Choosing Compassion When You Feel Contempt What’s On Your Mind? Week 2 of 7 HEART Sometimes, we see the crowds (or the caravans) and we just see masses of people we don’t know, and maybe don’t even like (even if we’re not sure why. We respond to the sights of crowds with apathy and coldness, or even with anger and contempt. And if we’re honest, we do the same thing with the people who are close to us in our lives. We often can be cold to the people to whom we are closest in life. It’s a heart issue! So, we need the heart of Jesus! Philippians 2:5 NLT You must have the same attitude that Christ Jesus had. Jesus saw people differently! HEAD Matthew 9:35-38 NLT 35 Jesus traveled through all the towns and villages of that area, teaching in the synagogues and announcing the Good News about the Kingdom. And he healed every kind of disease and illness. 36 When he saw the crowds, he had compassion on them because they were confused and helpless, like sheep without a shepherd. 37 He said to his disciples, “The harvest is great, but the workers are few. 38 So pray to the Lord who is in charge of the harvest; ask him to send more workers into his fields.” Jesus displayed certain convictions we need to develop in our own hearts if we’re going to live compassionate lives… 4 Rock-Solid Convictions That Create a Heart of Compassion 1.
    [Show full text]
  • That One: the Effects of Displays of Anger and Contempt During
    THAT ONE: THE EFFECTS OF DISPLAYS OF ANGER AND CONTEMPT DURING THE 2008 PRESIDENTIAL DEBATES by IAN REYNOLDS FRAZIER A thesis submitted to the Graduate School-Camden Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Graduate Program in Psychology Written under the direction of Dr. Ira Roseman and approved by Dr. Ira Roseman Dr. Charlotte Markey Dr. Christopher Nave Camden, New Jersey January, 2014 i THESIS ABSTRACT THAT ONE: THE EFFECTS OF DISPLAYS OF ANGER AND CONTEMPT DURING THE 2008 PRESIDENTIAL DEBATES By IAN REYNOLDS FRAZIER Thesis Director: Dr. Ira Roseman The present research investigates how the emotional content of negative political discourse might affect candidate evaluations. Of specific interest is how the display of two emotions of negative valence, anger versus contempt, will affect participants' evaluation of Barack Obama and John McCain from the 2008 presidential debates. The literature review focuses on establishing a conceptual framework for the characteristics of anger and contempt and their social functions and discusses research into the effects of negative campaigning. Participants filled out questionnaires before and after watching an excerpt from the 3rd 2008 US Presidential debate. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups, in which they rated either their feelings of anger and contempt toward the candidates, their favorable or unfavorable impressions of the candidates, or the candidates' expressions of anger and contempt. It
    [Show full text]
  • Why-We-Hate.Pdf
    EMR0010.1177/1754073917751229Emotion ReviewFischer et al. Why We Hate 751229research-article2018 SPECIAL SECTION Emotion Review Vol. 10, No. 4 (October 2018) 309 –320 © The Author(s) 2018 Why We Hate ISSN 1754-0739 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073917751229 10.1177/1754073917751229 journals.sagepub.com/home/er Agneta Fischer Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands Eran Halperin Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, IDC Herzliya, Israel Daphna Canetti School of Political Science, University of Haifa, Israel Alba Jasini Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium Abstract We offer a functional perspective on hate, showing that hate has a unique pattern of appraisals and action tendencies. Hate is based on perceptions of a stable, negative disposition of persons or groups. We hate persons and groups more because of who they are, than because of what they do. Hate has the goal to eliminate its target. Hate is especially significant at the intergroup level, where it turns already devalued groups into victims of hate. When shared among group members, hate can spread fast in conflict zones where people are exposed to hate-based violence, which further feeds their hate. Hate can be reassuring and self-protective, because its message is simple and helps confirming people’s belief in a just world. Keywords anger, hate, hate crime, intergroup, interpersonal Introduction In a comprehensive review of classic as well as more contempo- these different views, it is remarkable that there is little theoriz- rary conceptualizations of hatred, Royzman, McCauley, and ing about hate, although the topic seems to be getting increasing Rozin (2005) described hatred as the most destructive affective attention in recent years.
    [Show full text]
  • Emotion Dysregulation and Re-Regulation
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Texas A&M Repository EMOTION DYSREGULATION AND RE-REGULATION: PREDICTORS OF RELATIONSHIP INTIMACY AND DISTRESS A Dissertation by BRIAN VAUGHN ABBOTT Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May 2005 Major Subject: Psychology EMOTION DYSREGULATION AND RE-REGULATION: PREDICTORS OF RELATIONSHIP INTIMACY AND DISTRESS A Dissertation by BRIAN VAUGHN ABBOTT Submitted to Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Approved as to style and content by: _________________________ _________________________ Douglas K. Snyder Brian H. Stagner (Chair of Committee) (Member) _________________________ _________________________ David H. Gleaves Collie W. Conoley (Member) (Member) _________________________ W. Steven Rholes (Head of Department) May 2005 Major Subject: Psychology iii ABSTRACT Emotion Dysregulation and Re-regulation: Predictors of Relationship Intimacy and Distress. (May 2005) Brian Vaughn Abbott, B.S., Brigham Young University; M.A., University of Connecticut; M.S., Texas A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Douglas K. Snyder Over the past 20 years, our understanding of emotional processes has grown rapidly. Within the study of emotion, a key area of interest has been how individuals succeed or fail in regulating emotional responses. Although still in its early development, researchers in this field have made progress in identifying the neurological, psychological, and social processes that underlie emotion regulation and dysregulation. Despite these advances, relatively few of these insights have been considered in light of the highly emotional terrain of couple distress.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of the Contempt Expression on Self-Enhancing Behaviors
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Wharton Research Scholars Wharton Undergraduate Research 5-10-2011 Contempt and Self-Esteem: The Effect of the Contempt Expression on Self-Enhancing Behaviors Yixue Tiffany Zhou University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/wharton_research_scholars Part of the Business Commons, and the Psychology Commons Zhou, Yixue Tiffany, "Contempt and Self-Esteem: The Effect of the Contempt Expression on Self- Enhancing Behaviors" (2011). Wharton Research Scholars. 84. https://repository.upenn.edu/wharton_research_scholars/84 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/wharton_research_scholars/84 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Contempt and Self-Esteem: The Effect of the Contempt Expression on Self- Enhancing Behaviors Keywords self-esteem, behavior, contempt Disciplines Business | Psychology | Social and Behavioral Sciences This working paper is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/wharton_research_scholars/84 CONTEMPT AND SELF-ESTEEM 1 Contempt and Self-Esteem: The Effect of the Contempt Expression on Self-Enhancing Behaviors Yixue Zhou Advisor: Maurice Schweitzer University of Pennsylvania Wharton Research Scholars Program May 10, 2011 CONTEMPT AND SELF-ESTEEM 2 The characteristics, antecedents, and consequences of emotions have been studied extensively in psychological research. It is widely established that there are a number of “basic” emotions which are distinct in their expression, physiology, antecedent events, and subjective experience (Ekman, 1999). While emotions such as happiness, sadness, fear, and anger are commonly acknowledged among the set of basic emotions, some researchers extend the set to include emotions such as guilt, shame, and contempt. Although emotions are most simply understood as internal experiences, they also play a significant role in social interactions (Keltern & Kring, 1998).
    [Show full text]