Directory of National Organizations

ALLIANCE ISRAELITE UNIVERSELLE

DIRECTORY OF NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

ALLIANCE ISRAELITE UNIVERSELLE ALBANY BKA.VCH Founded 1H(>(>. 1'resident, Dr. M. Schlesing-er; Secretary and Treasurer, Julius Laventall, S. Pearl and Hudson Av. Members, about 35. Income of last fiscal year, $68. Meets Sunday of Passover week. BALTIMORE BRANCH Pounded June 10, ISSN. President, Dr. A. Friedenwald; Vice- President, Rev. Dr. B. Szold; Treasurer, Dr. A. B. Arnold; Secretary, B. H. Hartogensis, 204 Courtland. Directors: Rev. Drs. A. Guttmacher, William Rosenau, S. Schaffer, ('. A. Kubeiistein, and H. W. Sehneeberger, Ilev. A. Kaiser, Dr. Jos. Blum, Dr. Harry Friedenwald, Messrs. M. S. Levy, Simon Dalsheimer, Jacob Herman, Leon Schiff, Benjamin Cohen, Silas M. Fleischer, L. Kaufman and F. Fuechsl. Members, 97. Income of last fiscal year, $20:".Nil. Meets annually on the Sunday preceding- Purim. Remitted in 1899 to the Central Committee of the Alli- ance Israelite Universelle at Paris $200; an equal sum will be remitted in 1900. In answer to a special call issued by the Baltimore Branch, $1105 were collected for the famine sufferers in Bessarabia, of which $500 were sent to Baron Giinzberg, and $605 to the Alliance Israelite Universelle.

IJIVEW YOKK BRANCH President, A. S. Solomons; Treasurer, David de Meza; Secre- tary, Rev. Dr. H. Pereira Mendes, 1 W. liltth. Members, 100. Annual income, $200 to $400.

PHILADELPHIA BRANCH Founded October 11, 1868. President, Moses A. Dropsie; Treasurer, A. M. Frechie; Secretary, D. Sulzberger, :s:!

PITTSBURO BRANCH Cremieux Society, founded 1875. Custodian and Superintend- ent, Rev. Dr. L. Mayer, 928 Western Av., Allegheny. Members, -JO to 50. Annual income, from dues and a collection, 350 to 400 francs. COLLECTIONS Collections are taken up, usually at Purim, in Chicago, Indian- apolis, Milwaukee, Nashville, St. Louis.

THE AMERICAN JEWISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY Organized at New York, June 7, 1892; incorporated December 19, 1898, in the District of Columbia. President, Dr. Cyrus Adler; Vice-Presidents, Hon. Simon W. Rosendale, Mendes Cohen, Prof. Chas. Gross, Hon. Simon Wolf; Treasurer, Prof. Richard Gottheil; Corresponding Secretary, Dr. Herbert Friedenwald, 915 N. 16th, Philadelphia; Recording- Sec- retary, Prof. J. H. Hollander. Executive Council: Hon. Oscar S. Straus, Dr. B. Felsenthal, Prof. Morris Jastrow, Jr., Hon. Mayer Sulzberger, Hon. N. Taylor Phillips, Prof. Morris Loeb, Max J. Kohler, Esq., John Samuel, Esq., Rev. Dr. David Philipson, Rev. Henry Cohen. Members: 5 honorary, 14 corresponding, 4 life, 200 regular. Annual income, about $1100. Organization meets usually in December. Objects: The collection, preservation and publication of mate- rial having reference to the settlement and history of the Jews on the American -continent. The meetings of the Society are devoted to the reading and discussion of papers; 8 publications have been issued; the Society owns a number of books, manu- scripts and portraits.

BARON DE HIRSCH FUND1 45 Broadway, New York City. Deed of trust executed in March, 1890, by Baron Maurice de Hirsch for the benefit of Russian and Roumanian Jewish immigrants. Capital, $3,288,000. Annual income, about $125,000. President, M. S. Isaacs, New York; Vice-President, Jacob H. Schiff, New York; Treasurer, Emanuel Lehman, New York; Sec- retary, Eugene S. Benjamin, 39 Lafayette Place, New York. 1 The account of the Baron de Hirsch Fund activities here given, though not official, is authentic. BAEON DE HIRSCH FUND 69

Trustees: Henry Riee, New York; Abraham Abraham, Brooklyn; William B. Hackenburg, Philadelphia; Mayer Sulzberger, Phila- delphia. General Agent, A. S. Solomons; Agricultural Agent, Arthur Reichow; Superintendent Agricultural School, H. L. Sabsovich. Chairman of the Philadelphia Committee, William B. Hacken- burg; Chairman of the Baltimore Committee, Dr. Aaron Frieden- wald; Chairman of the St. Louis Committee, Elias Michael; Chair- man of the Boston Committee, Jacob H. Hecht. Co-operates in other cities with existing societies when circum- stances warrant.

SYNOPSIS OF THE WORK The work of the Baron de Hirsch Fund of America may be treated of under the following headings: I. Reception of immigrants. II. English education. III. Mechanical education. IV. Productive work of the Baron de Hirsch Fund in its agricultural and industrial department, with its leading educational feature, the Woodbine Agricultural and Industrial School. In the last two departments, the Jewish Colonization Associa- tion has latterly enabled the Baron de Hirsch Fund to carry out its program effectively, as appears from the last report of the Colonization Association. I. RECEPTION OF IMMIGRANTS.—Upon the arrival of immigrants at United States ports an agent sees to it that they reach their destinations, provided they have determined to leave the city; if not, as many as possible are sent out of town to places where employment has previously been found for them. The policy is to scatter them throughout the country, so that they will not congest in large cities. Whenever necessary, their expenses to their new homes are paid, and they are supported en route. Those who remain in New York, and need advice and assistance, are directed to the Labor Bureau of the United Hebrew Chari- ties, supported in part by the Fund, and employment is found for them when possible. If absolutely necessary, support is given to immigrants for a short time, until they are able to earn a living. Occasionally they are established in trades, and in extreme cases temporary relief is afforded to families. Not more than five per cent, of the number thus assisted has made application for additional help. II. ENGLISH EDUCATION.—Immediately upon arrival the immigrant children are taught English in large, well-ventilated class- rooms, by college graduates, who prepare them to enter the 70 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

public schools. As they are taught according to the method employed in the public schools, and are noted for their rapid advance and exact attainments, they are welcomed with eager- ness by the principals. There are now about 400 children in the day classes. There are also evening classes, composed of 400 workingmen and women, most of whom come to their classes direct from the workshop. In some cases of students of Russian or Roumanian birth who have entered colleges, and have made creditable progress, loans are advanced to enable them to complete their studies and be graduated. III. MECHANICAL EDUCATION.—In 1890 the Baron de Hirsch Trade School was established in a building rented for the purpose at 225-227 East Ninth Street, in New York, wherein two classes have been graduated each year since. On January 1, 1899, through the munificence of the late Bar- oness de Hirsch-Gereuth, a new building, constructed upon the most modern principles, was opened. Two classes, the second on July 11, 1900, each of fifty-five young men, have been graduated. (See BABON DE HIBSCH TKADE SCHOOL under NEW YTORK in the DlRECTOBY OF LOCAL OBGAJFIZATIONS.) The trades are carpentry, plumbing, house, sign and fresco painting-, and machine work: English is taught to those who are deficient; also drawing and the technical branch of each trade. There are two school terms a year, of five and a half months each. No pretense is made of turning out finished mechanics; sufficient is taught, however, to enable the graduates to become " helpers " in their respective vocations, and in most eases good positions are obtained immediately upon leaving the school. The graduates earn from $7 to $15 a week, and in proportion as their experience enables them to do better work, their com- pensation is increased, some of. them receiving now $22.50 a week. Each graduate is given the tools of his trade. Tuition is free. Though the school is open to any Jewish boy, preference is given to natives of Russia or Roumania. The point of view is that, essential though it be that a boy learn a trade, it is important that his earning powers be developed as quickly as possible. Anything that helps to train his mind and hand, and promotes rapid progress, is desirable. On these thoroughly practical lines the school is conducted. On the other hand, the idea is constantly kept before the pupils, that when they become skilled mechanics they are entitled to the wages of skilled mechanics. Thus the Trade School, by exciting the ambition to excel in the minds of the pupils, tends to reduce the danger of close competition in other directions. BARON DE H1ESCH FUND 71

The aim of the school, then, is to reach the three following results: 1. To teach a boy as quickly as possible the fundamental principles of some trade, together with as much arithmetic and mechanical drawing' as is indispensable in a given line of work. 2. To teach him to do well what is required of the class of help whose place he is fitted by age and attainments to fill. 3. To teach him unquestioning obedience. To accomplish these results he is placed under the care of a skilled mechanic, who has no more pupils than he can faithfully teach, for five months and a half, eight hours a day, five days in the week, holidays excepted. A longer period would be more desirable, but it would entail a sacrifice of time, which would be difficult for pupils to bear, as no support whatever is allowed them by the Fund. IV. PRODUCTIVE WORK OF THTE BAEON DE HIRSCH FUND.—The Agricultural and Industrial Department of the Baron de Hirsch Fund was organized as an agency to promote the economical interests of Kusso-.Tewish immigrants: 1. To advise them properly in the acquisition of homesteads in rural districts all over the country. 2. To grant them loans, towards the purchase of farms, live stock and implements, in proportion to their own funds and their ability as farmers. 3. To transfer industries and those employed in them from crowded cities to agricultural districts, with a view to benefiting the wage-earners in health and comfort and at the same time creating consumers of farm products at the place of their pro- duction. The success of the Baron de Hirsch Fund in this department has been marked. It enjoys the full confidence of immigrants intending to purchase farms as well as of owners of farm lands willing to sell. By both it is looked upon as a trustworthy bureau of agricultural and industrial information. In the purchase of farms for an immigrant, various points are taken into consideration: his means, his ability as a farmer, the location of the homestead, the facilities it offers for cattle-breeding, its distance from a market or a creamery, etc. Each one of these is a factor determining the purchase price. At present many favorable opportunities present themselves. Established dairy farms are offered for sale in New England at a price less than the cost of the buildings upon them. Their abandonment is due to the death or old age of their owners, whose children, attracted to the cities and to professional occu- pations, are willing1 to sell their ancestral homesteads at a great sacrifice. Jewish immigrants coming from the villages of the Pale of 72 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Settlement in Russia are ready buyers of dairy farms, because they were accustomed to dairy pursuits in their old home. Many of them kept a smaller or larger number of dairy cattle, and raised feed for them, on leased land. On the other hand, few are skilled gardeners, and therefore they are not successful at other kinds of farming in this country. The activity of the Baron de Hirsch Fund in its capacity as an agricultural agent, offering liberal loans, furnishing accurate information, and advising with a view to conditions and circum- stances, has had the following result: The settlement of 600 Jewish farmers on as many homesteads in New England. The settlement of 400 fnmilies in New Jersey. In New England the farming interests of Jewish immigrants are indicated by the following figures: 1. Investment of the immigrants, $1,100,000. 2. Loans upon mortgages other than those held by the Baron de Hirsch Fund, $1,250,000. The loans and advances made by the Baron de Hirsch Fund have substantially helped to make these investments safe and productive. The Jewish capital invested in farming enterprises in New Jersey and other parts of the country is represented by even larger figures. Moreover, it is constantly increasing, in proportion to the spread of industrial activity in agricultural districts. As the limited means of the immigrants forbid the purchase of homesteads near large towns, which offer ready markets for farm products, the Baron de Hirsch Fund aims to remove to the more distant places in which they must settle, the industries, such as the tailoring trades, in which many of the immigrants are employed. This policy at the same time relieves the so- called Ghettos from the congestion at present endangering the social and sanitary condition of our large cities. New York alone contains 65,000 operatives who are engaged in tailoring, in the " sweat-shops," to support their families, that is, 200,000 persons, constituting a majority of the Jewish population. In other-words, the tailoring trade keeps the East Side solidly Jewish, and attracts constantly newcomers from abroad and from the interior. The Baron de Hirsch Fund holds out every encouragement to these wage-earners to remove to country districts: factories with modern improvements; comfortable homes, rented and sold on liberal terms; educational facilities, especially in the direction of trades and agriculture; and the opportunity to live in a Jewish community. The Woodbine Agricultural and Industrial School, the leading educational feature of this department of the Baron de Hirsch Fund work, was opened in October, 1894, with 15 pupils. Its BAKON DE HIRSCH FUND 73 aim is to train up practical, intelligent farmers, able to act as assistants to other farmers or prepared to work farms of their own. Applicants for admission must be at least 14 years of age, and be prepared to pass an examination equivalent to that of the third grade in the public schools of Cape May County. Tuition is free to all regular students, and board and lodging may be had at the dormitory at actual cost, but students whose parents are unable to support them while at school are boarded and lodged free of charge. These students are, however, expected to offset such expenses by labor on the School Farm. There are now 69 pupils at the school, taught by 7 instructors, one of them a graduate of the school. The course extends over three years, and the studies are divided into theoretical and practical. The studies pursued by the boys are as follows: (1) English, (2) arithmetic, (3) drawing, (4) history, (5) geography, (6) chemistry, (7) physics, (8) bookkeeping and correspondence, (9) botany, (10) experimental chemistry, (11) mathematics, (12) geometrical drawing, (13) soils and crops, (14) manures and fertilizers, (10) land measuring', (16) zoology, (17) entomology, (18) collecting of plants, (19) feeds, (20) comparative anatomy and physiology, (21) domestic animals (selection, care, etc.), (22) horticulture, (23) floriculture, (24) landscape gardening, (25) market gardening, (26), meteorology, (27) relation of forestry to agriculture, (2S) dairying, (29) farm implements and machinery. The studies for girls substitute chemistry of foods, hygiene and nursing, household economics, household sanitation, foods and preserves, foods in detail, for Nos. 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 19, 20 and 29. The practical work of the boys consists of care of stables, poultry yards, domestic animals, milking, and shop and field work; planting, care of crops, harvesting, work in greenhouses, cold frames, hot beds, in orchards and the blacksmith shop; care of small fruit, floriculture, and work on the nursery grounds and in the wheelwright shop. The girls throughout the course have practical work in sewing, cooking, care of the poultry, dairy, etc., and are employed in doing the household work of the dormitories and in practical housekeeping. The School Farms contain 2-40 acres, of which '!0 acres are in orchards, 20 acres in berries, 6 acres in grapes, and the remainder is suitable for corn, truck and field crops in general; besides, some land is in bushes and some in woods. The buildings are: two school-houses, a new school building having just been erected; a teacher's cottage; four poultry houses; barns; sheds; corn cribs; greenhouses; eold frames; a boiler house; a windmill; a storag'e room, and electric power house for lighting' and heating. 74 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

The school is provided with a chemical laboratory, physical apparatus, Babcock's test and a library of reference books, auditorium, gymnasium and baths. The dormitories can accommodate 200 pupils. Religious services are held daily; the Sabbath is devoted to divine worship, religious instruction, and rest. Woodbine, founded in INK I, now contains 1500 inhabitants, employed in four factories or on their farms. There are two public schools, a kindergarten, five stores, a bakery, two educational clubs, three fraternal societies, a public bath-house, an evening- school, a religious school, a synagogue, a hall, and a Baptist church.

THE JEWISH COLONIZATION ASSOCIATION Since 1S96 the Baron de Hirsch Fund has had the support of the Jewish Colonization Association, and has co-operated with it in the United States. As a result, the capacity of the Trade School has been doubled; the agricultural work, especially at the Woodbine School, has been broadened in scope and effective- ness; the American Committee has been furnished with additional means to transplant the industrial population from the great centres to the rural districts; isolated farmers in New England have been helped with loans to free their land from mortgag-es, so that at present more than " 600 Jewish farmers are living in New England on their own land, which they themselves cultivate with the help of their families. . . . The farms are fully developed, and the farmers have commenced conscien- tiously to pay their debts." The following is a summary of the report of the Jewish Col- onization Association for 1899 concerning the United States: " The Association has carried on in the United States the work of which the last Annual Report indicated the principal lines, and which consists in removing the Jews from the centres where they are congested and in encouraging them to agricultural and industrial labor in rural districts. Thus, the Associa- tion has continued to support the Jewish Colonies in South Jersey and the individual farmers who are established in New England. It has favored the establishment of factories in the neighborhood of Jewish farms in order to create a permanent market for them; it has finally supported the school at Wood- bine, which affords to children an agricultural and industrial education. " The assistance given to the three colonies, Alliance, Carmel and Rosenhayn, in South Jersey, has made them prosperous. The climatic conditions are excellent, and this region could receive a large number of Jewish families who are at present vegetating- in large cities. The factories are being regularly developed. CENTRAL CONFERENCE OF AMERICAN RABBIS 75

" Thousands of Jewish families who come from Russia, Ron- mania and Galicia are accustomed to working- the soil; it is on this account that the Association has assisted individual farmers, the total number of families helped in lsiis being eighty-six, with farms of the aggregate value of $179,200. " A grant was voted for the establishment of a hundred families at Colchester (Connecticut). The Baron de Hirsch Fund is engaged in extending the work of removing families to rural districts near the factories at. which they are employed. The tailoring trade appears to have the best prospects of success. It is successfully practiced in the South .Jersey Colonies. In New York alone it provides a living for 08,000 families, among whom there is a majority of Jews from Russia, Roumania and (ialieia. The annual yield of this industry amounts to $320,- 000,000, and the wages are estimated at $23,000,000 a year."

CENTRAL CONFERENCE OF AMERICAN RABBIS Founded, Detroit, Mich., July, 1889. President, Joseph Silverman, New York; Vice-Presidents, Moses Mielziner, Cincinnati, O., and Max Landsberg, Rochester, N. Y.: Treasurer, Charles S. Levi, Peoria, 111.; Corresponding Secretary, Rudolf Grossman, 1347 Lexington Av., New York: Recording Secretary, G. Deutsch, Hyde Park, Cincinnati, (). Trustees: E. G. Hirsch, ~D. Philipson, Jos. Stolz, T. Shanfarber, K. Kohler. Trustees of Superanmiated Ministers' Fund: J. Silverman, I. Aaron, L. Mayer. Editors of Year Book: R. Grossman, G. Deutsch, H. Veld. Members: regular, 144; honorary, 4. Annual income, $695. Board meeting- first Monday of the month; organization meets annually in July. Objects: To establish and maintain good fellowship among the Rabbis; to teach one another and to learn of each other; to encourage research and literary work, especially in history and literature of Judaism; to discuss the religious and eccle- siastical problems of the day, and furnish a formulated opinion on problems under consideration. Publications of the Conference: 1. Ten volumes of the Year Book of the Conference, containing all proceedings of the body, with all the papers read, addresses, lectures and sermons delivered in the Conference. 2. Judaism at the World's Parliament of Religions (in Chicago. 1893). 3. The Union Prayer Book, two volumes; and Union Hymnal, one volume. 76 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

4. One volume of Sermons. 5. Various pamphlets. The meeting- for 1900 was held at Buffalo, N. Y., July 3-7. The address of welcome was delivered by Rabbi Israel Aaron, of Buffalo, and replied to by Rabbi T. Shanfarber, of Mobile. Rabbi Jos. Silverman, of New York, the Acting President, pre- sented his message. The morning of the second day was devoted to a memorial service in honor of the Rev. Dr. Isaac Mayer Wise (died March 26, 1900). Addresses were delivered by Rabbis M. Landsberg, Rochester; S. Sale, St. Louis; M. Schlesinger, Albany; L. Mayer, Pittsburg; and I. S. Moses, Chicago. The musical portion of the service was conducted by Rev. A. Kaiser, Baltimore. Papers were read by Rabbi H. G. Enelow, Paducah, Ky., on " The Synod in the Past and its Feasibility in the Future "; and by Rabbi Rudolf Grossman, New York, on " The Rabbi as a Scholar." Rabbi Charles Levi, of Peoria, delivered a lecture Friday evening, and on Saturday the sermon was preached by Rev. Dr. Emil G. Hirsch. Memorial resolutions were adopted on the death of Ezriel Hil- desheimer, David Kaufman, Elijah Benamozheg, and Emilio Castelar, and fraternal greetings were sent to the Society of German Rabbis. The Conference appointed committees on Rabbinical Diplomas; Summer School; and a Quarterly Review. The Conference has assets amounting to $5595.74, of which $3100.40 is a fund for superannuated ministers. The report of the Committee on Publication showed that thousands of copies of the evening service of the Union Prayer Book had been distributed among soldiers in Cuba and in the various camps during the Spanish-American War. 12 copies of the week-day service were sent to Camp Sheridan and 75 volumes to Jewish soldiers at Camp Lexington. 139 Congregations now use the prayer-book, and 43,493 copies have been sold.

COUNCIL OF JEWISH WOMEN Headquarters, Chicago, 111. Founded September, 1897. President. Hannah G. Solomon (Mrs. Henry), Chicago; Vice- Presidents, Sophie Beer (Mrs. Julius), New York, and Babette Mandel (Mrs. Emanuel), Chicago: Treasurer, Bertha A. Selz (Airs. J. H.), Chicago; Recording Secretary, Gertrude Berg, Phila- delphia; Corresponding Secretary, Sadie American, 3l:,0 Vernon Av., Chicago; Auditor, Minnie Loeb (Mrs. Leo), Chicago. COUNCIL OF JEWISH WOMEN 77

Executive Board: (for six years) Mary Cohen, Philadelphia; Jeannette M. Goldberg, Jefferson, Tex.; Laiira Mordecai, Phila- delphia; Mrs. J. B. Judah, Louisville, Ky.; Mrs. Jos. Ransohoff, Cincinnati, O.; (lor three years) Mrs. Max Landsberg, Rochester, N. Y.; Mrs. Hugo Rosenberg, New York; Mrs. S. Pisko, Denver, Colo.; Mrs. A. Wald, Louisiana, Mo.; Mrs. M. Goldenberg, Balti- more, Md. The purposes of the organization are: " To further united efforts in behalf of Judaism by supplying means of study; by an organic union to bring about closer relations among Jewish women; to furnish a medium for interchange of thought and a means of communication and of prosecuting work of common interest; to further united efforts in the work of social betterment through religion, philanthropy and education." This work is done under the direction of five national committees: on Religion; on Philanthropy; on Religious School Work; on Junior Sections; on Reciprocity. Programs are published triennially, containing the reports of these committees, outlining work for the Sections, giving topics for papers and study and bibliographical lists. Members, 4785, distributed among 47 Sections in the United States and Canada. Income of last fiscal year, about $1500. The organization meets triennially; last meeting in Cleveland, 0., March 4-10, 1900. At the meeting in Cleveland, the following reports were pre- sented: The Annual Report of the President, Mrs. Hannah G. Solomon; the Report of the Corresponding Secretary, Miss Sadie American; the Report of the Committee on Religion, Mrs. Max Landsberg, Chairman; the Report of the Committee on Phil- anthropy, Mrs. Hugo Rosenberg, Chairman; five-minute reports by Vice-Presidents of the States; three-minute reports by the Sections; and the Report of Miss American as delegate to the International Council of Women, held in London, in June, 1S99. The following papers were read: "Uses of Parliamentary Law," by Mrs. Seraphine Pisko, of Denver; " A Study in Religion," by Miss Jeannette M. Goldberg, of Jefferson, Tex.; "Plain Tales from a Small Town," by Mrs. Sadie Wald, of Louisiana, Mo.; " Relation of Faith to Conduct," by Miss Lily Montagu, of London, Eng.; " Woman's Place in Communal Affairs," by Miss Gertrude Berg, of Philadelphia; " Assimilation," by Mrs. Alex. Bernstein, of Portland, Ore.; " Some Philanthropic Dont's," by Mrs. Bertha S. Muller, of Denver; " The Jewish Immigration Problem," by Mrs. A. Leo Weil, of Pittsburg; " Duties of Parents towards Sabbath Schools," by Mrs. Eli Strouse, of Baltimore; " Summer Work for Children," by Mrs. M. B. Schwab, of Cleveland. In addition to the papers, addresses were delivered by Rev. Drs. M. Gries 78 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK and M. Machol, of Cleveland, ()., and President Thwing, of the Western Reserve University. As typical philanthropies conducted by Sections, the following1 were described: Ice and Milk Fund in Baltimore; Recreation Rooms for Young Girls in New York; Mission School in Pitts- burg; Hospital for Consumptives in Denver. The discussions of the Round Table were participated in by Miss Hetty Abraham, Washington; Mrs. H. L. Frank, Chicago; Mrs. Julius Beer, New York; Mrs. Rebekah Kohut, New York; Mrs. M. B. Schwab, Cleveland. A Memorial Meeting was held for two deceased members, Mrs. Dora K. Wile, of Denver, and Mrs. Ida Block, of Kansas City. The constitution was revised, the most important changes being the addition of a Committee on Reciprocity of five members, to arrange for the interchange of visits of speakers between the Sections, and to maintain a bureau where papers and addresses delivered before the Sections shall be kept, and from which they may be secured by the Sections; and the addition of a Committee on Junior Sections of five members, to organize Junior Sections of girls and boys between thirteen and eighteen years of age. The following resolutions were adopted: 1. Believing that the freest interchange of thought and expression is vital to the developing spirit of Judaism and necessary to a knowledge of its tendencies, Resolved, That the Council stands for individual freedom of conscience in matters of religious belief. 2. Be it resolved, That we believe that every religious school board be composed of women and men. 3. We earnestly ask the women to attend services at the synagogue and to use their efforts to urge others to do likewise. 4. Be it resolved, That women shall use their efforts for the recognition of their privileges in the congregational life in the community in which they live obligatory upon men which shall entitle them to membership and consequently representation. 5. Be it resolved. That it is the sense of this convention that no Section shall officially participate in any public action involv- ing- a violation of the Sabbath. (i. Whereas, It is believed that the greater part of the misery of our Jewish poor is the consequence of over-crowded tenement houses and that the law regulating the number of persons dwell- ing in one room has thus far been ineffectual or inoperative, Be it resolved. That we recommend the adoption of the system compelling the janitor to keep~a record of the number of occu- pants of each room, and that the Sections thoroughly discuss the tenement question in their different meetings. 7. Resolved, That we put ourselves upon record as upholding COUNCIL OF JEWISH WOMEN 79 the traditional morality of the Jewish youth; and that the Jew- ish woman be urged to energize her efforts to maintain this standard. 8. Resolved, That it is the sense of this convention that ah expression of our appreciation be sent to Messrs. Labori, De- mange, Picquart and Zola, for the noble-hearted, self-sacrificing manner in which they championed the cause of justice and humanity. 9. Whereas, The women of this convention will return to their homes through the length and breadth of this great land with new ideas and larger outlooks; thinking less of self and more of others; strong in principle yet respectful and sympathetic toward others; believing" the national work of more importance than that of any one Section. Be it resolved, That it is the sense of this session that it is not what we get from, but what we give, to our General Treasury, not money treasury, but our general fund of knowledge and experience, that makes our work great. Junior Sections have been formed in Baltimore, Louisville and Salt Lake City. The work of the Council has been extended to England. In June, 1899, in connection with the International Council of Women, a meeting of Jewish women was held, at which the purposes of the Council were explained by Miss Sadie American, Chicago. Corresponding' Secretary, Miss Julia Richman, New York, and Mrs. Frederick Nathan, New York. In consequence, " Study Circles " have been formed, eight in London, with a membership of 200, and six in other towns.

SECTIONS OF THE COUNCIL OF JEWISH WOMEN ALABAMA Vice-President for the State To be appointed BIRMINGHAM Founded 1898. President, Mrs. J. Rubel; Secretary, Mrs. Ida Friedman, 21 OH Eighth Av. .Members, 21. Studies the Bible.

MOBILE Founded November 20, 1896. President, Mrs.-Lee Marx; Sec- retary, Mrs. R. J. Richard, 227 St. Louis. Members, 29. Studies the Bible and History. Maintains a Mission School and participated in the Relief Work for Soldiers. •80 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

MONTGOMERY Founded January 1, 1S97. President, Mrs. Jacques Loeb, Wilkinson St.; Secretary, Mrs. E. I. Cadden. Members, 18. Studies the Bible and History. Gave concert for the benefit of the poor and participated in the Relief Work for Soldiers. Was instrumental in placing women on congregational school boards.

COLORADO Vice-President for the State Mrs. Alfred Muller, 1560 Pearl, Denver DENVER Founded May G, 1894. President, Mrs. Alfred Muller, 1560 Pearl; Secretary, Mrs. S. Findenthal. Members, 237; out- of-town members, 4 (Tyler, Tex., Pueblo, Colorado City). Studies the Bible and History. Maintains a Sewing School; Night School; Religious School: Kitchen Garden; Free Baths; Reading-room; Industrial School; Kinder- garten; participated in the Relief Work for Soldiers, arid gave a picnic. Was instrumental in forming a Jewish reference library.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Vice-President for the District Mrs. L. Stern WASHINGTON Founded November 7, 1895. President, Mrs. Isadore Grosner; Secretary, Miss Hetty Abraham, 1323 Vermont Av. Members, 87. Studies the Bible and History; has formed a library of Jewish reference books. Is affiliated with the organized Jewish charity work; does personal service among the poor, and participated in the Relief Work for Soldiers. GEORGIA Vice-President for the State Mrs. J. Hirsh, 193 S. Forsyth, Atlanta ATLANTA Founded October 3, 1895. President, Mrs. Julius M. Alex- ander, "49 Forest Av.; Secretary, Mrs. L. B. Clarke, 16 Windsor. Members, (i'.i. Studies the Bible. Maintains a Kindergarten; will endow a cot at Orphans' Home; joined Atlanta Soldiers' Relief Association. COUNCIL OF JEWISH WOMEN 81

SAVANNAH Founded October 20, 1895. President, Mrs. I. P. Mencles, 89 Jones; Secretary, Mrs. Max Wolff, 210 Taylor. Mem- bers, 50. Studies the Bible and History. Maintains a Mission School and participated in the Relief Work for Soldiers. ILLINOIS Vice-President for the State Mrs. J. Harry Selz, 3329 Michigan Av., Chicago CHICAGO Founded January 22, 1894. President, Miss Julia I. Felsen- thal, Prairie Av.; Secretary, Miss Belle Klein. Members, 593; out-of-town members, 8 (Traverse City, Mich.; Cham- plain, Danville, Freeport, Sandwich, 111.; Attica, Marion, Ligonier, Ind.). Studies the Bible and History. Main- tains a Mission School; Summer Sewing School and Out- ings; Workroom for Women; assists Vacation Schools, the Chicago Bureau of Charities and the District Bureau of Charities; and participated in the Relief Work for Soldiers. QUINCY. Founded April 25, 1894. President, Mrs. C. Stern, 813 N. 5th; Secretary, Miss Irene C. Meyer, 926 6th Av. Members, 23. Studies History; was instrumental in placing'two women on congregational school boards. Participated in the Relief Work for Soldiers. TRI-CITY (MOIJNE, III.; ROCK ISLAND, III.; DAVENPORT, IA.) Founded December 10, 1895. President, Mrs. Jos. Froehlich; Secretary, Mrs. M. C. Rice. Members, 23. Studies the Bible and History. Participated in the Relief Work for Soldiers. INDIANA Vice-President for the State Mrs. M. Pottlitzer, Lafayette EVANSVILLE Founded March 14, 1897. President, Mrs. Philip W. Frey; Sec- retary, Mrs. J. Scholem, 1204 W. Second. Members, 45; out-of-town members, 1 (Shelbyville). Studies the Bible; formed a library of Jewish reference books; was instrumental in placing two women on congregational school boards; does personal service among the poor; and participated in the Relief Work for Soldiers. 6 82 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAK BOOK

LAFAYETTE Founded December 2, 1896. President, Mrs. E. Oppenheimer; Secretary, Mrs. Emily M. Pottlitzer. Members, 11. Studies the Bible and History; maintains a Manual Training School and a Sewing School. TERRE HAUTE Founded June. 1899. President, Mrs. Rebecca Torner; Secre- tary, Mrs. Matilda Straus, :si7 W. 4th. Members, 24. IOWA Vice-President for the State Mrs. Cecile R. Hirsch, 717 Third, Des Moines DES MOINES Founded November 25, 1899. President, Mrs. Cecile R. Hirsch; Secretary, Mrs. Sam. Redstone, 1605 High. Members, 79; out-of-town members, 4 (Hudson, N. Y.; Galesburg, 111.; Waverly and Iowa City, Iowa). Studies History. Main- tains an Industrial School, and participated in the Relief Work for Soldiers. KENTUCKY Vice-President for the State Mrs. Ben Straus, Louisville LOIIISVILLE "Vounded May 26, 1896. President, Mrs. J. B. Judah, 118 E. Jacob; Secretary, Miss Belle F. Lieber, 1218 Second. Members, 60. Studies the Bible and History. Maintains Free Baths; Summer Kindergarten; Settlement Work; and participated in the Relief Work for Soldiers.

LOUISIANA Vice-President for the State Mrs. J. K. Gutheirn, 3218 St. Charles, New Orleans ALEXANDRIA Founded 1897. President, Mrs. D. Lehman; Secretary, Mrs. Gus. Gehr. Members, 36. Studies the Bible. NEW ORLEANS Founded January 13, 1897. President, Mrs. Albert Mayer, 1310 Marengo; Secretary, Mrs. D. Pokorny. Members, 180. Studies the Bible and History. Was instrumental in placing ;i woman on a congregational school board. Maintains a Sewing School, Kitchen Garden and Mission School. COUNCIL OF JEWISH WOMEN 83

SHREVEPOBT Founded April 24, 1897. President, Mrs. S. J. Asher; .Secre- tary, Mrs. Chas. Leadman, 520 Crockett. Members, 64; out-of-town member, 1 (Plain Dealing-). .Studies History; was instrumental in placing five women on congregational school boards. Maintains a Mission School and Children's Library.

MARYLAND Vice-President for the State Mrs. S. L. Frank, 1123 Madison Av., Baltimore BALTIMORE Founded May 1, 1894. President, Mrs. M. Goldenberg, 16US Bolton; Secretary, Mrs. Eli Strouse, 1H0S Madison Av. Members, 340; out-of-town members, 2 (Hagerstown). Studies the Bible and. History. Maintains Classes for Crippled Children; Milk and Ice Depot for Consumptives; Free Kindergarten Association; contributed to Denver Hospital for Consumptives, and participated in the Relief Work for Soldiers.

MASSACHUSETTS Vice-President for the State Mrs. Jacob Hecht, Boston BOSTON Founded 1897. President, Mrs. E. Van Noorden, 32 Howland; Secretary, Mrs. Julius Andrews, 406 Massachusetts Av. Members, 71. Studies the Bible and History. Partici- pated in the Relief Work for Soldiers.

MICHIGAN Vice-President for the State Miss Emma Butzel, 397 Woodward Av., Detroit PETOSKEY Founded February 15, 1896. President, Mrs. Jennie Willing; Secretary, Mrs. Sophie Eosenbaum. Members, 6. Stu- dies the Bible and History; formed a library of Jewish reference books; was instrumental in placing three women on the congregational school board. 84. AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

MINNESOTA Vice-President for the State Mrs. Nina Morais Cohen, 313 Nicollet Av., Minneapolis MINNEAPOLIS Founded July 24, 1894. President, Mrs. E. Cohen, :il3 Nicollet Av.; Secretary, Mrs. H. Wolff, 1700 Portland Av. Mem- bers, 15. Studies the Bible and History. Was instrumental in placing two women on congregational school „ boards. Maintains a Sewing School. ST. PAUL Founded October 21, 1894. President, Mrs. I. Rypins, Dayton Av.; Secretary, Mrs. I. E. Rose, 70.5 Summit Av. Mem- bers, 33; out-of-town member, 1 (Stillwater). Studies the Bible and History; hns formed a library of Jewish reference books. Maintains an Industrial School for Girls; Manual Training School for Boys, and participated in the Relief Work for Soldiers. MISSISSIPPI Vice-President for the State Mrs. Henry Frank, 310 N. Pearl, Natchez NATCHEZ Founded November 1, 1896. President, Mrs. Henry Frank, 310 N. Pearl; Secretary, Mrs. A. Moses, Clifton Heights. Members, 26. Studies the Bible. Participated in the Relief Work for Soldiers. VICKSBUKG Founded March, 1898. President, Mrs. M. Wachcnhuim, 412 Grove; Secretary, Miss Julia Hirsh. Members, 70; out- of-town members, 4 (Delhi; Millikin's Bend). Studie's the Bible and History; was instrumental in placing §ix women on congregational school boards. Participated in the Relief Work for Soldiers. MISSOURI Vice-President for the State To be appointed KANSAS CITY Founded January, 1895. President, Mrs. F. V. Kander, 3119 Tracy; Secretary, Miss Cornelia A. Ney, 1720 Jefferson. Members, 99. Studies History; maintains a Mission School; Industrial School; Kindergarten; Free Baths; Night School; Children's Library; Reading Room; and participated in the Relief Work for Soldiers. COUNCIL OF JEWISH WOMEN 85

LOUISIANA Founded October 12, 1895. President, Mrs. Sadie T. Wald; Secretary, Mrs. Julia S. Genzberger. Members, 12; out-of- town members, 2 (Clarkville and Bowling Green). Stu- dies the Bible and History; formed a library of Jewish reference books; assists the local Relief Union; and participated in the Relief Work for Soldiers.

NEW YOBK Vice-President for the State Mrs. Isabelle Wallach, 803 Manhattan Av., New York ALBANY Founded November 29, 1895. President, Mrs. Celia Sporborg; Secretary, Mrs. Tereza W. Bendell, 220 Hudson Av. Mem- bers, 70; out-of-town members, 3 (Troy, Cohoes, Glovers- ville). Studies the Bible and History. Maintains a Boys' Club; Reading Club; Library; Summer Sewing School; Religious School; and joined Soldiers' Relief Guild. Was instrumental in placing three women on congregational school boards.

BROOKLYN Founded October 12, 1890. President, Mrs. Rachel S. Zeman, 125 Hannah; Secretary, Miss Marcus, 84 Grove. Members, 78; out-of-town member, 1 (Jersey City). Studies the Bible. Was instrumental in placing three women on cong-regational school boards. Maintains a Kindergar- ten; Sewing Classes; and participated in the Relief Work for Soldiers.

BUFFALO Founded December 27, 1895. President, Miss Cecil B. Weiner; Secretary, Mrs. B. Desbecker, 302 Franklin. Members, 150. Studies the Bible and History. Was instrumental in placing- two women on congregational school boards. Participated in the Relief Work for Soldiers. ELMIKA Founded December 29, 1896. President, Mrs. Joseph Sitten- field; Secretary, Miss Julia Hallo, 461 E. Water. Mem- bers, 19. Studies the Bible and History. Assists the organized charities; maintains an Employment Bureau and a Children's Library; and participated in the Relief Work for Soldiers. 3G AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

NEW YORK Founded 1894. President. Mrs. Rebekah Kohut, S10 Park Av.; Secretary, Miss Minnie Isaacs, 110 E.,73d. Members, 468; out-of-town members, 2 (Mt. Vernon, Augusta). Studies the Bible and History. Was instrumental in placing three women on congregational school boards. Maintains four Home Libraries; Recreation Rooms for Girls; Mission Schools, and participated in the Relief Work for Soldiers. ROCHESTER Founded September 25, 1K95. President, Mrs. H. C. Cohn, 6 Thayer; Secretary, Mrs. S. L. Garson, 7 Oxford. Mem- bers, 90. Studies the Bible, History and the Jew in Literature; was instrumental in placing four women on congregational school boards. Maintains a Kitchen Garden and a Girls' Evening Home; visits the poor, and participated in the Relief Work for Soldiers. SYRACUSE Founded October 12, 1896. President, Mrs. Max Thalheimer; Secretary, Mrs. Benjamin Stolz, fill Madison. Members, 59. Studies the Bible and History; was instrumental in placing three women on congregational school boards. Maintains a Mission School; Mothers' Meeting; Boys' Evening Home; Needlework Guild; Children's Library; does personal service among the poor, and participated in the Relief Work for Soldiers.

OHIO "Vice-President for the State Mrs. M. B. Schwab, Cleveland CINCINNATI Founded January 21, 1895. President, Mrs. Joseph Ranso- hoff; Secretary, Miss Leah Rosenthal, 815 Glenwood Av. Members, 243. Studies the Bible and History. Maintains a Mission School; Young Women's Improvement Club; Boys' Industrial School; does personal service among the poor; participated in the Relief Work for Soldiers.

CLEVELAND Founded July 30, 1896. President, Mrs. M. B. Schwab, 1076 Case Av.; Secretary, Mrs. D. H. Kronhauser, 143 Arling- ton. Members, 500; out-of-town members, 3 (Collingwood and Fremont, Ohio). Studies Jewish History. Was instrumental in placing two women on congregational COUNCIL OF JEWISH WOMEN 87

CLEVELAND (continued) school boards. Maintains a Mission School; four Sewing Classes; Employment Bureau; Girls' Friendly Club; Penny Savings Bank; Kitchen Garden; Free Baths; Moth- ers' Meeting; does personal service among the poor, and 'participated in the Relief Work for Soldiers. MARION Founded May 1, 1896. President, Mrs. S. G. Kleinmaier, Mount Vernon Av.; Secretary, Mrs. E. Oppenheimer, 224 S. Prospect. Members, 14. Studies the Bible. TOLEDO Founded September, is<)<). President, Mrs. J. Steinem: Sec- retary, Mrs. M. H. Lempert, 2135 Scottwood Av. Mem- bers, 14. YOUNGSTOWN Founded April 2, 189(3. President, Mrs. S. Weil, 225 Chapel Place; Secretary, Mrs. Morris Moyer. Members, 24; out- of-town members, 2 (Girard). Studies History; has formed a library of Jewish reference books; was instrumental in placing two women on congregational school boards. Maintains a Sewing School, and participated in the Relief Work for Soldiers.

OREC4ON Vice-President for the State To be appointed POETLAND Founded April 29, 1896. President, Mrs. Alex. Bernstein; Secretary, Mrs. L. M. Blumauer, 107 N. 18th. Members, 81; out-of-town members, 2 (Groutdale and Harrisburg). Studies the Bible and History. Maintains a Sewing .School and Household School, and is about to start a Manual Training School for Boys.

PENNSYLVANIA Vice-President for the State To be appointed BRADFORD Founded February 17, 1896. President, Miss Miriam Silber- berg; Secretary, Mrs. Morris Shear, 113 Congress. Mem- 88 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

hers, :;r>. Studies the Bible and History. Maintains a Summer Sewing School; participated in the Relief Work for Soldiers. COLUMBIAN (PITTSBTJRG; ALLEGHENY) Founded May 2, 1894. President, Mrs. A. Blumberg, 4617 Center Av., Pittsburg; Secretary, Mrs. P.. L. Hirschfield, 1304 Franklin, Allegheny. Members, 13S; out-of-town members, 3 (Braddock and McKeesport). Studies the Bible, History and Literature. Maintains a Mission School; Free Baths; Sewing School; Hood Citizenship League; Night School; Saturday Evening Entertain- ments; and participated in the Relief Work for Soldiers.

OIL CITY Founded May 1, lS'.ifi. President, Mrs. Rachel Lowentritt, W. First St.; Secretary, Lena Manheim, 232 Washington Av. Members, 11. Studies the Bible. PHILADELPHIA Founded May 14, 1S!)4. President, Mrs. Win. W. Miller; Sec- retary, Miss Gertrude Berg, 1533 Diamond. Members, 186. Studies the Bible; was instrumental in placing fourteen women on congregational school boards. Main- tains a Sewing School. Distributed prayer books and participated in the Relief Work for Soldiers.

TEXAS Vice-President for the State Miss Jeannette M. Goldberg, Jefferson TYLER Founded September 1, 1S98. President, Mrs. M. Rosenfleld; Secretary, Mrs. M. Lempert. Members, 27; out-of-town members, 4 (Oklahoma, Jefferson, Waco). Studies His- tory; has formed a library of Jewish reference books.

UTAH Vice-President for the State Mrs. P. Bamberger, Salt Lake City SALT LAKE CITY Founded October ]."), lS'JS. President, Mrs. S. Bamberger; Secretary, Mrs. Harold Schiller, :J57 E. 4th, S. Members,' 30. Studies the Bible and History; was instrumental in placing four women on congregational school boards. Maintains a Sewing School. HEBREW SABBATH SCHOOL UNION OF AMERICA 89

CANADA Vice-President for the Dominion Mrs. Meldola de Sola, 65 Victoria, Montreal TORONTO Founded October 20, 1896. President, Miss Florence Ansell; Secretary, Mrs. M. Goldstein. Members, 27. Studies the Bible. Maintains a Sewing School.

HEBREW SABBATH SCHOOL UNION OF AMERICA Seat of Executive Committee in Cincinnati. Founded July 29, 1886. President, Rev. Dr. David Philipson, S!i2 Lincoln Av., Cincin- nati, O.; Vice-President, Prof. M. Mielziner, Cincinnati, O.: Treas- urer, Wil^am Goodheart, Cincinnati, O.; Secretary, Martin Meyer, 724 W. Sixth, Cincinnati, O. Directors: Dr. Henry Berkowitz, Philadelphia, Pa.; Dr. K. Kohler, New York. N. Y.; Dr. Joseph Silverman. New York, N. Y.: Dr. L. Grossman, Cincinnati. O.; Dr. R. Hecht. Los Angeles, Cal.; Rabbi T. S. Moses. Chicago, Til.: Rabbi Max Heller, New Orleans. La.; Dr. Joseph Stolz, Chicago, 111.; Dr. Wm. Rosenan, Baltimore. Md.; Dr. M. Landsberg, Rochester, N. Y.; Dr. L. Mayer, Pitts- burg, Pa.; Isaac Strouse, Baltimore, Md.; Emil Pollak, Cincinnati, O.; S. Greenebaum, Cincinnati, O.: Dr. J. Voorsanger, San Fran- cisco, Cal.; Rabbi E. N. Calisch, Richmond, Va.; Rabbi Charles S. Levi, Peoria, 111. Members, about 85 schools. Organization meets biennially, third week in January. The object of this Union is to provide a uniform system for all Jewish Sabbath Schools in the United States by promulgating a uniform course of instruction and by training competent teachers. The Union has introduced the leaflet system with great success, the leaflets being used in about 100 schools, and has gathered statistics of the Sabbath Schools. The publications of the Union are: The Ethics of the Hebrew Scriptures, by Adolph and I. S. Moses. The Proverbs, by Adolph and I. S. Moses. Selections from the Book of Psalms, by Dr. M. Mielziner. Guide for Jewish Sabbath School Teachers. Two Series of Leaflets on Biblical nistory. Leaflets on Religion. 90 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

IMPROVED ORDER B'NAI B'RITH Supreme President, Eli Ottenheimer, Baltimore* First Vice- President, Charles Katz, Baltimore; Second Vice-President, A. B. Seelenfreund, Chicago; Supreme Treasurer, Kaufman Katz, Bal- timore; Supreme Guide, J. Kaufman, Baltimore; Supreme Trus- tees: I. Ottenberg, Baltimore; J. Stansberg, Baltimore; A. Rosen- blatt, Philadelphia. The twelfth Annual Convention was held in Philadelphia, January 28, 1900. The next convention will be held at Baltimore, January 28, 1901. Lodges, 40: members, 1500. Endowments paid out in 1899, $24,000; sick benefits, $5000.

INDEPENDENT ORDER B'NAI B'RITH Headquarters, B'nai B'rith Building, 723 Lexington Av., New York City. Founded October 13, 1843. Executive Committee: President, Leo N. Levi, 27 Pine, New York City; Vice-President and Treasurer, Jacob Furth, St. Louis, Mo.; Chancellor of Foreign Affairs, Julius Bien, 140 Sixth Av., New York City; Honorary Secretary, Sol. Sulzberger, 7 Beekman, New York City; Jos. D. Coons, Wilkesbarre, Pa.; Albert Elkus, 121 Eddy, San Francisco, Cal.; Simon Wolf, Washington, D. C; Adolph Moses, Chicago, 111.; Jos. Hirsh, Vicksburg, Miss.; D. Tiemendorfer, Berlin, Germany; Adolph Stern, Bucharest, Rou- mania; Adalbert Skall, Prague, Austria. Court of Appeals: President, Josiah Cohen; Henry M. Gold- fogle, Fred. S. Spiegel, Jacob Singer, Edward Tausky, Lewis Cohen, Adolph Kraus, Henry Hanau, Albert Joachim, William Gans, Joshua Kantrowitz. Members, 30,000. Lodges, 315 in the United States and Canada. Thirteen lodges in Algeria, Bulgaria, Egypt, Palestine, and Turkey are directly under the jurisdiction of the Executive Committee. INSTITUTIONS OF THE OBDEK The Home for the Aged and Infirm at Yonkers (.see DIRECTOBY OF LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS, under YONKERS), established by District No. 1. The Cleveland Orphan Asylum (see DIRECTORY OF LOCAL OEGANI- ZATIONS, under CLEVELAND), established by Districts Nos. 2, 6 and 7. The Atlanta Jewish Orphans' Home (see DIRECTORY OP LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS, under ATLANTA), established by District No. 5. INDEPENDENT ORDER B'NAI B'EITH 91

The Jewish Widows' and Orphans' Home of Xew Orleans (.s?e DIRECTORY OF LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS, under NEW ORLEANS) ; since 1875 seven directors out of fifteen are chosen from the I. O. B. B. Maimonides Library (see DIRECTORY OF LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS, under NEW YORK) and B'nai B'rith Building. B'nai B'rith Building in San Francisco. The Denver National Jewish Hospital for Consumptives (see DIRECTORY OF LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS, under DENVER), established by District No. 2. Touro Infirmary (see DIRECTORY OF LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS, under NEW OBLEANS), supported by District No. 7. For other institutions, etc., established under the auspices of the I. O. B. B., see DIRECTORY OF LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS, under CHICAGO, DENVER, OMAHA, PHILADELPHIA, PORTLAND, SAN FRAN- CISCO. QUINQUENNIAL CONVENTION The Quinquennial Convention of the Order took place in Chicago, from April 29 to May 3, 1900. Chairman of the Con- vention, Victor Abraham, of Cincinnati; Secretary, Dr. S. B. Wolfe, of New York City; 73 delegates present, of whom 58 had votes. Among the subjects acted upon were the following: The nationalization of the Denver Jewish Hospital for Con- sumptives was unanimously agreed upon, and an annual con- tribution of 25 cents per capita enacted into a law. Close co-operation between the Order and the Jewish Chau- tauqua was agreed upon. It was resolved to appropriate annually the sum of $200 for propaganda purposes in each district, provided that the district accepting this sum shall appropriate an equal sum from its funds, and so make provision for the expenses entailed by courses of lectures. The subject of the Relief of the Galician Jews was urged upon the consideration of the Convention by District No. 8 (Germany) and District No. 10 (Austria). The following resolutions were adopted: Resolved, That we not only sympathize with the horrifying and disheartening condition in Galicia, but we will co-operate with our brethren and lodges in foreign countries for the perfection and materialization of such measures as will afford substantial and radical relief. Resolved, That we request our Lodges, and admonish them to organize at once auxiliary societies in this country in which the co-operation of all Israelites is solicited for giving aid and assistance to this movement. Resolved, That if the Order shall be called upon to assume the 02 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK lead in co-operation with European Lodges, congregations, and charitable institutions in Germany, Austria, France, and Eng- land, the Executive Committee shall be empowered to delegate the fullest authority to an administrative board composed of the representatives of the Order, these institutions to take the organization of the relief work in hand, and make such disposi- tions as is deemed best adapted for the realization of the object aimed at. Resolved, That we deem the establishment of Lodges in Galicia as the best instrumentality in effecting the moral elevation of the Jews of that country, such Lodges to co-operate with the schools established by the Baron de Hirsch funds. Resolved, That we solicit the co-operation of all kindred associations, the Alliance Israelite Universelle, Jewish Colonization Association, Deutsch-Israelitischer Gemeindebund, the Austrian Union of Congregations, the Union of Hebrew Congregations, Free Sons of Israel, and Sons of Benjamin, etc. It was decided to prepare a new ritual for the Order; a committee was appointed, and funds were appropriated. The office of Chancellor of Foreign Affairs was created. The next session will be held at New Orleans in 1905. DISTRICT GEAND LODGE NO. 1 President, Dr. S. B. Wolfe, 141 Broadway, New York City; Viee-President, J. B. Klein, Bridgeport, Conn; Treasurer, Sol. Sulzberger, 7 Beekman, New York City; Secretary, S. Ham- burger, 723 Lexington Av., New York City. Seat of Grand Lodge, New York City. The jurisdiction of District No. 1 comprises Connecticut, Massa- chusetts, New York, Rhode Island and Canada. The Forty-eighth Convention of District No. 1 was held at Yonkers, May 27-28, 1900. Endowment members, 4 OS 5; non-endowment members, 1085; lodges, 66. Receipts, $166,589.36; funds on hand: Endowment Reserve, $215,- 140.16; Fund, $427,836.67.

LODGES OF DISTKICT NO. 1 CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT Abraham (89), Odd Fellows' Hall; 1st and 3d Sunday, 7.30 p. m.; Secretary, Bernard Klein, P. O. Box 47ii. HARTFORD Ararat (13), Bliss Hall, Pratt and Main; 1st, 3d and 5th Sunday; Seoretai-y, Charles Rosenthal, 158 Asylum, P. O. Box 1047. INDEPENDENT OEDEli B'NAl B'lilTH 93

NEW HAVEN Horcb (25), Odd Fellows' Hall, Grown St.; 1st and 3d Sunday, • 7.30 p. m.; Secretary, David Strouse, P. O. Box 1047. WATERBURY Melchizedek (200), Johnson Hall, Bank St.; 1st, 3d and 5th Sunday; Secretary, Ph. Pollack.

MASSACHUSETTS BOSTON Massachusetts (27), Minot Hall, Washington and Springfield; 2d and 4th Sunday; Secretary, M. Miranda, 27 Adanis, Roxbury. Amos (121), Springfield and Washington; ~d Sunday; Secre- tary, H. Nelson, 66 Monroe, Roxbury. Boston (1S<))> Springfield and Washington; 2d and 4th Sun- day, 10.30 a. m.; Secretary, T. Samuels, 1 Brookford, Eoxbury. Mosenthal (288), Well's Memorial Hall, Washington St.; 1st and 3d Sunday; Secretary, S. L. Rosnoskv, 46 E. Spring- field. PITTSPIELD Adullam (326); 1st, 3d and 5th Sunday; Secretary, M. G. Rosenthal. NEW YORK ALBANY Svlliloh (17), S. Pearl and Hudson Av.. Laventall Building; every Sunday, 2 p. ru.; Secretary, M. lllch, S9 Madison Av. Gideon (140), S. Pearl and Hudson Av., Laventall Building; 1st and 3d Sunday, 7 p. m.; Secretray, I. J. Newburg, 14 Lancaster. AMSTERDAM Mohawk Valley (291), 1st, :;d and 5th Sunday; Secretary, M. Schwartz, 200 Division. BROOKLYN Hillel (28), 14 Graham Av.; 2d and 4th Wednesday; Secretary, B. Schmidt, 309 Graham Av. Samuel (63), 407 Bridge; 1st and 3d .Sunday; Secretary, A. Osterman, 524 11th. Long Island (226), Ameiicus Hall, »<>K Grand; 1st and 3d Sun- day; Secretary, Barend Keit, 1092 De Kalb Av. 9J. AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

RtrFFALO Munirfitirc (70), 49 Chapman Block; 1st and ::d Wednesday; Secretary, IC. Fleischmann, 190 Edward. KLMIRA Kiupirr .Stulr (199); 1st, 3d and 5th Sunday; Secretary, Joseph Moses, 150 Baldwin. JI i DSOX Gavialicl (116); 1st and 3d Sunday, 2 p.m.; Secretary, Wm. Kritzman. NEVVBURGH Elir-vr (11")), Tmvnsend Building; 1st and :id Sunday; Secre- tary, Victor Scharps, 102 W. 75th, New York City. NEW YORK Nvw York (1), B. B. Building, 72:; Lexington Av.; 1st and 3d Sunday, 2.30 p. m.; Secretary, William Kahn, 54(i Grand. Ziim (2), B. B. Building, 723 Lexington Av.; 2cl and 4th Thurs- day; Secretary, Charles Xorthshield, 164 E. !»:;d. Huron (3), 139 E. 59th; 4th Sunday, 3 p. in.; Seeretar3', M. N. Heckscher, 271 W. 122d. Hebron (5), B. B. Building, 723 Lexington Av.; 1st and 3d Sunday, 10 a.m.; Secretary, S. W. Goodman, 147 E. 82d. Lebanon (9), B. B. Building, 723 Lexington Av.; 1st and 3d Thursday; Secretary, S. Hamburger, 723 Lexington Av. B'er Sclwbba (11), 160 E. siith; 2d and 4th Sunday, 10 a.m.; Secretary, L. A. Schloss, 228 W. 36th. Jordan (15), B. B. Building, 723 Lexington Av.; 2d and 4th Monday; Secretary, Ph. Adams, 136 E. 110th. Palestine (18), B. B. Building, 723 Lexington Av.; 4th Sunday, 10.30 a.m.; Secretary, H. M. Blaskopf, 26 E. Houston. Washington (19), B. B. Building, 723 Lexington Av.; 1st and 3d Wednesday; Secretary, A. Emanuel, 9S5 3d Av. I'anatin (29), B. B. Building, 72:; Lexington Av.; 1st Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, J. Ober, 4 E. 115th. Rehoboth (US), B. B. Building, 723 Lexington Av.; 1st and 3d Sunday; Secretary, S. Lambert, 58 W. 105th. Arnon Centennial (39), B. B. Building, 723 Lexington Av.; 2d and 4th Tuesday; Secretary, E. H. Kern, 72 E. 82d. • Isaiah (49), B. B. Building, 723 Lexington Av.; 2d and 4th Sunday, 10 a. m.; Secretary, I. S. Lambert, 58 E. 96th. Mordecai (57), 328 E. 8fith; 3d Sunday; Secretary, L. Smalls, 116 E. 90th. INDEPENDENT OEDEE B'NAI B'EITH 95

NEW YORK (continued) Moses (66), 139 E. 59th; 2d Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Isaac Willon, 334 E. 58th. Maccabee (71), 237 E. 57th; 2d and 4th Thursday; Secretary, H. E. Kantrowicz, 408 E. 9th. Henry Jones (79), B. B. Building, 723 Lexington Av.; 2d and 4th Wednesday; Secretary, I. Israel, 205 Pearl; 4lic.i Man- hattan Av. Nehemiah (94), B. B. Building, 72.'! Lexington Av.: 3d Sunday, 3 p.m.; Secretary, M. Studinski, 1570 Madison Av. Independence (96), B. B. Building, 723 Lexington Av.; 1st and 3d Wednesday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, H. Schiller, 207 \V. 118th. Edward Everett (97), B. B. Building, 723 Lexington Av.; 2d and 4th Tuesday; Secretary, Chas. M. Lamline, 323 E. 62d. Atlantic (137), 1591 Second Av.; 1st and 3d Sunday; Secretary, A. Jonas, 324 E. 84th. Manhattan (156), B. B. Building, 723 Lexington Av.; 1st Mon- day; Secretary, Em'l Marx, 315 E. 57th. Asariah (164), B. B. Building, 723 Lexington Av.; 1st and 3d Tuesday; Secretary, D. Celler, 163 E. 103d. Cliananiah (165), B. B. Building, 723 Lexington Av.; 2d and 4th Sunday; Secretary, Jos. Kraus, 2359 Eighth Av. Misliael (166), 64 E. 4th; 2d and 4th Tuesday; Secretary, L. Basch, 67 E. 3d. Sulamith (167), 257-259 E. Houston; 2d and 4th Sunday, 4-ii p.m.; Secretary, L. Berg, 115 E. 82d. Akiba (173), Mozart Hall, 328 E. 86th; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, A. Ober, 217 E. 106th. Israel (176), B. B. Building, 723 Lexington Av.; 2d and 4th Sunday, 2 p. m.; Secretary, Emanuel Simon, 252 W. S5th. Kishon (193), Cafe Logeling; 1st and 3d Sunday; Secretary, Feist Manheimer, 72 E. 116th. Metropolitan (213), Bloomingdale's Annex,- E. 60th; 2d and 4th Wednesday; Secretary, John Davis, 7 Pine. Medad (216), B. B. Building, 723 Lexington Av.; 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Abraham Levy, 1743 Madison Av. Leo Merzbacher (244), 115 E. 86th; 2d and 4th Sunday; Secre- tary, H. Brown, 56 W. 119th. Fortuna (250), 69 St. Mark's Place; 2d and 4th Sunday, 10 a. m.; Secretary, A. Croner, 1519 1st Av. Mount Sinai (270), B. B. Building, 723 Lexington Av.; ::d Monday; Secretary, Tsidor Metzger, 437 E. 123d. 9G AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

NEW YORK (continued) Cosmopolitan (30:i), 209 E. Broadway; 2d and 4th Wednesday; Secretary, N. Lewin, 102 Madison. Washington I re ing (312), B. IS. Building', 72.'! Lexington Av.; 2d and 4th Wednesday; Secretary, B. Schulhafer, 1242 Third Av. Concordia (440); 1st and 3d Tuesday; Secretary, A. Klinkow- stein, 204 Division. PLATTSBURG Joel (118), Spear's Hall; 1st and 3d Sunday; Secretary, Solo- mon Scheier, P. O. Box 215. POUGHKEEFSIE Aaron (112); 1st and 3d Sunday; Secretary, H. B. Gellert, 233 Main. ROCHESTER Zerubbabel (53), Odd Fellows' Hall, N. Clinton St.; 1st and 3d Sunday; Secretary, David Strauss, 39y2 Hudson Av. RONDOTJT (KINGSTON) Zcpkaniah (131), B. B. Club Rooms; 2d Sunday, 2 p. m.; Sec- retary, M. Solomon. SYRACUSE Jacob (91), Freeman's Hall, 428 Jefferson; 1st and 3d Sunday; Secretary, M. Joel, 815 S. State. TROT Jeremiah (85); 1st and 3d Sunday; Secretary, Louis A. Levy, 19 Fourth. UTICA XJtica City (459), Odd Fellows' Temple; 2d and 4th Wednes- day, ^ p. m.; Secretary, H. Marwill, 7 Spring. YONKERS Tankers City (451), Home I. 0. B. B.; 2d and 4th Sunday; Secretary, I. Katz, 3 Jefferson. RHODE ISLAND PROVIDENCE Uuggai (132), Temple Congregation Sons of Israel and David, Friendship and Foster; 1st and 3d Sunday, 3 p.m.; Sec- retary, N. l'incus, 104 Harrison. CANADA MONTREAL Montreal (327); 1st and 3d Sunday; Secretary, J. M. Prockter, 39 St. Lawrence. INDEPENDENT ORDER B'NAI B'RITH 97

DISTRICT GRAND LODGE NO. 2 President, Marcus R. Sulzer, Madison, Ind.; 1st Vice-President, Chas. Goldsmith, Louisville, Ky.; 2d Vice-President, Alfred Muller, Denver, Colo.; Trea-svirer, Morris Bauer, Cincinnati, O.; Secretary, Victor Abraham, Masonic Temple, Cincinnati, O. Seat of Grand Lodge, Cincinnati, O. The jurisdiction of District No. 2 comprises Colorado, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Missouri, New Mexico and Ohio. The Forty-eighth Convention of District No. 2 was held at St. Louis, May 20-21, 1900. Total membership, 2740; lodges, 43. Lodge funds, $117,368.27.

LODGES OF DISTRICT NO. 2 COLOEADO DENVER Denier (171); Secretary, Max Eppstein, Room 45, Good Block. TRINIDAD Trinidad (293); Secretary, L. Freudenthal, 3d and S. Beech.

INDIANA EVANSVILLE Tliisbe (24); Secretary, F. A. Gumberts, 127 N. Third. FT. WAYNE Emeh Bcrarlia (fil); Secretary, C. Young, 73 Webster. INDIANAPOLIS Abraham (58); Secretary, R. Stern, 806 Park Av. Esther (323); Secretary, Jacob Sonnenberger, 1636 N. New Jersey. LAFAYETTE Barziliui (111); Secretary, Moses Hene. LIGONIEE Ligonier (298); Secretary, Julius Magill. MADISON Hagar (135); Secretary, M. J. Hoffstadt, 222 E. Main. SOUTH BEND Matnre (329); Secretary, Frank M. Hanauer, 42S Michigan Av. TERRE HAUTE Gan Eden (110); Secretary, John Kuppenheimer. 7 98 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

VlNCENNES Et~ Chahn (205); Secretary, Daniel Oestreicher. WABASH Wabash (292); Secretary, Abe Simon, P. O. Box 94.

K A N ,S A S LEAVENWORTH Shoiem (78); Secretary, S. Simmonds, 30(i and :iU8 Delaware.

KENTUCKY LEXINGTON Lexington (289); Secretary, H. Loevenliart, 4 E. Main. LOUISVILLE Hur Mor'uih (14); Secretary, B. Bernstein, G48 W. Market. Mendelssohn (40); Secretary, I. L. Schwabacher, 156 Third. OWENSBORO Asher (227); Secretary, E. S. Bamberger, 812 Crittenden. PADUCAH Harmony (149); Secretary, .Tames ^Yeille.

MISSOURI KANSAS CITY Kansas Gitij (184); Secretary, N. Mayer, 2111 E. 14th. LOUISIANA Riverside (285); Secretary, Isidor Michael. ST. JOSEPH Joseph (73); Secretary, M. C. Straus, 115 N. Third. ST. LOUIS Missouri (22); Secretary, Julius Schwarz, P. O. Box 709. Ebn Ezra (47); Secretary, M. Linz, 3117 Eads Av. Achim (175); Secretary, S. Bondi, 2623 S. 13th. Julius Ftierst (196); Secretary, A. Gershon, 214 N. 21 si. SEDALIA Queen City (258); Secretary, H. Laupheimer.

NEW MEXICO ALBUQUERQUE Albuquerque (336); Secretary, Henry N. Jaffe. INDEPENDENT ORDER B'NAI B'RITH 99

OHIO CINCINNATI Bethel (4); Secretary, M. Bing, 844 Wyndham AT. Jerusalem (6); Secretary, Jacob Trost, 12 W. Canal. Mt. Carmel (20); Secretary, Benjamin May, 347 Main. Osterman (86); Secretary, Jacob Schottenfels, 119 E. Third. Spinoza (108); Secretary, Julius Fuchs, P. O. Box 46. Standard (215); Secretary, Isaac Bloom, P. O. Box 767. Cincinnati (465); Secretary, William Greenfielder, 119 E. Sixth. CLEVELAND Solomon (16); Secretary, .'Jonas Cohen, 354 Ontario. Monteflore (54); Secretary, M. Brunswick, (353 Lorain. Baron dc Hirsch (45)); Secretary, Henry Klein, 17 Senter. COLUMBUS Zlan (62); Secretary, Solomon Loeb, 114 and 116 S. Front. DAYTON Eshcol (55); Secretary, Julius Bornstein, r>'.V.', W. Third. TOLEDO Ephrnim (1S3); Secretary, S. H. Frank, 514 Summit. YOUNGSTOWN Tounpstoirn (339); Secretary, E. Guthman, 616 North Av. ZANESVILLE Gihon (195); Secretary, R. Hilpoltsteiner, 379 Putnam Av. DISTRICT GRAND LODGE NO. 3 President, F. L. Wormser, Scranton, Pa.; 1st Vice-President, O. H. Rosenbaum, Pittsburg, Pa.; 2d Vice-President, Adolph Platowsky, Philadelphia, Pa.; Treasurer, M. C. Hirsch, Philadel- phia, Pa.; Secretary, M. K. Cohen, 2123 Camac Place, Philadel- phia, Pa. Seat of Grand Lodge, Philadelphia, Pa. The jurisdiction of District No. 3 comprises Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and West Virginia. The biennial convention of District No. 3 was held at Scran- ton, Pa. Endowment members, 954; non-endowment members, 452; lodges, 37. Receipts, $17,279.15; funds on hand, $87,697. LODGES OF DISTEICT NO. 3 DELAWARE WILMINGTON Wilmington (470); Secretary. J. Harry Gordon, 20S Market. 100 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

NEW JERSEY ATLANTIC CITY Atlantic (4!)4); Secretary, Geo. Marcus, 1G S. Delaware Av. HOBOKEN Noah (ls">); Secretary, Joseph Rechert, 1201 Garden. JERSEY CITY Hudson (2!)5); Secretary, Charles Marks, 80 Montgomery. XEWAKK Tahor (31); Secretary, L. Finger, 2.'i Hill. Ezckivl (90); Secretary, Leopold Heller, 240 W. Kinney. Newark City (201); Secretary, Fred'k Block, 2:;9 Market. NEW BRI NSWICK Boas (101); Secretary, Louis Colin. Altiunrc (4S4); Secretary, B. Kudnick. PATEBSON Jeplitlwh (1413); Secretary, Morris Levin, 100 Main. TKENTON Trenton (319); Secretary, Jacob L. ilurold, 130 N. Willow. WOODBINE Maurice De Hirsch (495); Secretary, S. Brailovsky.

PENNSYLVANIA ALLEGHENY Jericho (44); Secretary, David II. Goldman, 300 E. North Av. tiaur tiliolcm (154); Seci-etary, Louis Cohn, SS Hemlock. ALLENTOWN Allen town (IJtiii); Secretary, Israel Schnurman. ALTOONA Moses Monte.fiore (308); Secretary, S. Neuwahl. COKRY Aharcth Sholan (100); Secretary, Jacob Berliner. DANVILLE Ifcnnon (32); Secretary, Simon Dreifuss. EASTON Judwa (30); Secretary, K. Goldsmith. INDEPENDENT ORDER B'NAI B'RITH 101

HARBISBURG Salem (26); Secretary, Win. Wolf, 310 Herr. LANCASTEB Lancaster (228); Secretary, Jonas Fox, 113 S. Queen. MEADVILLE Naphtali (150); Secretary, Morris H. Reefer. PHILADELPHIA Har Sinai (8); Secretary, David Kohn, 1836 N. 17th. Ear Moriah (10); Secretary, P. Rasener, 934 Susquehanna Av. Har Nevoh (12); Secretary, H. Sundheim, 942 N. 8th. Joshua (23); Secretary, M. K. Cohen, 2123 Camac Place. Elim (36); Secretary, S. Moskowitz, 1614 Randolph. Oremieux (83); Secretary, Moses Hecht, 1623 N. 10th. Philadelphia (102); Secretary, Rev. Wm. Armhold, 1723 N. 16th. Haskalali (483); Secretary, Arthur A. Dembitz, 528 N. 4th. PlTTSBTJRG Ibn Oabirol (114); Secretary, Abm. Green, 1821 Forbes. Iron City (324); Secretary, Louis Van Ullem, 1113 Penn Av. POTTSVILLE Union (124); Secretary, Jacob Gellert. SCKANTON Amos (136); Secretary, F. L. Wormser. UNIONTOWN Uniontomi (471); Secretary, I. Frank, 32 E. Main. WILKES-BARRE Rodef Scholem (l.'iO); Secretary, Rev. Herman Rubin, 166 S. Washington. WlLLIAMSPORT Zephania (120); Secretary, Hiram M. Ulman.

DISTRICT GRAND LODGE NO. 4 President, Lucius L. Solomons, San Francisco, Cal.; 1st Vice- Presldent, George Samuels; 2d Vice-President, M. Rosenthal; Treasurer, Benjamin Harris; Secretary, I. J. Aschheim, 121 Eddy, San Francisco, Cal. Seat of Grand Lodge, San Francisco, Cal. The jurisdiction of District No. 4 comprises Arizona, California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oreg'on, Utah7 Washington and British Columbia. 102 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

The Thirty seventh Convention of District No. 4 was held at, San Francisco, February 18-20, 1900. Endowment members, 2073; non-endowment members. 353. Lodges, 'SO; Youths' Auxiliary lodges, 3.

LOIM'SES OF DISTRICT NO. 4- CALIFORM.V I1'K I'M NO ' Fir-sun (4!I2); Secretary, David Harris, care of S. B. (ioodman. C.KASS VALLEY (jari.riin (4i!); Secretary, I. Stein. Los ANGELES ' Orange (224); Secretary, Sam Levi, G41 S. Los Angeles. Los Ant/elm (4S7); Secretary, Victor Harris, KIT Hellman Block. MARYS VILLE Miriam (56); Secretary, A. Weiss, 1\ O. Box 4ii.l. MERCED Toscmite (231); Secretary, A. Badt. OAKLAND Oakland (252); Secretary, E. Bernstein, 4G6 i\'in1b. '-Monte-pore (3); Secretary, I. Wolf, 9th and Alice. SACRAMENTO Etham (37); Secretary, Leon Salomon, P. O. Box 14:;. SAN BERNARDINO Paradise (237); Secretary, B. Kawicz, 7."J2 (.'. SAN DIEGO Lasker (370); Secretary, Sam'l I. Fox, i:!20 D. SAN FRANCISCO Ophir (21); Secretary, Marcus Levy, 121 Eddv. Modin (42); Secretary, Sam Flyshaker, 121 Eddy. Pacific (48); Secretary, Jacob Gans, 121 Eddy. Montcflore (51); Secretary, S. H. Shocken, 121 Eddy. Columbia (127); Secretary, Adolph Wolfe, 121 Eddy. Golden Gate (129); Secretary, Max Moses, 121 Eddy. California (163); Secretary, Jul. Israelsky, 121 Eddy. Unity (273); Secretary, J.'Klsasser, 121 Eddy. (Jremieux (325); Secretary, S. S. Green, 121 Eddy. Occidental (M45): Secretary, E. Silverstone. 121 Rddy. De Hirsch (4); Secretary, N. Zekind, 121 Eddy. * Youths' Auxiliary. INDEPENDENT ORDER B'NAL B'RITH 103

SAN JOSE Ariel (248); Secretary, I. Reiser, 32 S. 2d. SAN PEDKO Semi-Tropic (341); Secretary, B. W. Edelman, San Pedro, Los Angeles County. STOCKTON Hope (126); Secretary, Alb. Peyser, 230 E. Main.

IDAHO BOISE CITY Boise City (481); Secretary, Dave J. Cohen, 933 Hays.

MONTANA BUTTE Baron de Hirsch (420); Secretary, M. Genzberger, P. O. Box 297. HELENA Isaac M. Wise (408); Secretary, A. Birkenfekl.

NEVADA CARSON CITY Carson (266); Secretary, A. Cohn. RENO Waslwe (450); Secretary, J. Hausman.

OREGON BAKEB CITY Baker City (475); Secretary, Jesse Heilner. PORTLAND Oregon (65); Secretary, Benj. I. Cohn, P. O. Box 7S. North Pacific (314); Secretary, I. Gumbert, 474 Salmon. Portland (416); Secretary, Dr. J. Bloch, 35 N. 18th. Sabato Montis (464); Secretary, Jul. Adler, 235 Stark. *Maccabee (5); Secretary, M. Mosessohn, 283 First.

UTAH SALT LAKE CITT B. F. Peixotto (421); Secretary, David Spitz, 762 S. W. Temple.

* Youths' Auxiliary. 104 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

WASHINGTON SEATTLE Health- (:J42); Secretary, D. Winehill, P. O. Box 597. SPOKANE Abr. Oclycr (423); Secretary, Adolph F. Levy, 70!) Fifth Av. DISTRICT GRAND LODGE NO. 5 President, Solomon Weil, Goldsboro, N. C; 1st Vice-President, Samuel Ganss, Washington, D. C; 2d Vice-President, D. Kauf- man, Atlanta, Ga.; Treasurer, Aaron Goodman, Baltimore, iMd.; Secretary, Joseph L. Levy, 100 E. Marshall, Richmond, Va. Seat of Grand Lodge, Baltimore, Md. The jurisdiction of District No. .") comprises District of Colum- bia, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina and Virginia. Endowment members, 595; non-endowment members, 158; lodges, 28. Endowment funds on hand, $64,855.66. LoDGKS OF DlSTIUCT No. 5 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA WASHINGTON FAijah (50); Secretary, H. Kronheimer, (i:;4 L, N. W. < I race Aguilnr (117); Secretary, L. Rice, 440 10th, S. W. Aryo (410); Secretary, Sol. He'rzog,

MARYLAND BALTIMORE King David (60); Secretary, "S. L. Auerbach, 411 W. Fayette. Gahri.el Rksser (75); Secretary, E. Bernheimer, 41 N. Caroline. Covenant (125); Secretary, J. Bamberger, 617 E. Baltimore. Ludioig Philippson (133); Secretary, M. Behrend, 1531 Madi- son Av. Loyal (350); Secretary, N. L. Gutman, 805 North Av. Fidelity (353); Secretary, S. Wasserman, 1718 Druid Hill Av. CUMBERLAND Be'er Cliajim (177); Secretary, Jos. Hirsh.

NORTH CAROLINA CHARLOTTE Charlotte (280); Secretary, L. Leon. GoLDSBORO Leopold Zvns (364); Secretary, S. S. Spier. TAEBORO Zanoah (235); Secretary, D. Lichtenstein. WILMINGTON North State (222); Secretary, I. L. Greenewald.

VIRGINIA ALEXANDRIA Mount Vernon (259); Secretary, E. Goldsmith. NORFOLK Maon (172); Secretary, A. Aronheim. PETERSBURG Virginia (225); Secretary, A. S. Reinach. RICHMOND Rimmon (68); Secretary, Jos. L. Levy, 100 E. Marshall. Benjamin (69); Secretary, Joseph Cohen, 912 Capitol. Paradise (223); Secretary, Isaac Held, 502 N. Second.

DISTRICT GRAND LODGE NO. 6 President, Adolph Loeb, Chicago, 111.; 1st Vice-President, Sig- mund Livingston, Bloomington, 111.; 2d Vice-President, Samuel Woolner, Peoria, 111.; Treasurer, David Fisch, Chicago, 111.; Sec- retary, E. C. Hamburgher, 59 N. Clark, Chicago, 111. 106 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Seat of Grand Lodge, Chicago, 111. The jurisdiction of District No. 6 comprises Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, §outh Dakota and Wisconsin. The Thirty-second Convention of District No. 6 was held at Chicago, May 20, 1900. Endowment members, 1542; non-endowment members, 423; lodges, 42. LODGES OF DISTRICT NO. 6 ILLINOIS BLOOMINGTON Abraham Lincoln (190); 1st and 3d Sunday; Secretary, Albert Livingston. CAIRO Egypt (268); 1st and l!d Sunday; Secretary, M. Hyman, 213 8th. CHAMPAIGN Grand Prairie (281); 1st and 3d Sunday; Secretary, M. Loweu- stern, Urbana, 111. CHICAGO Ramah (33), American Express Building; 2d and 4th Wednes- day; Secretary, A. B. Seelenfreund, 3142 Groveland Av. • Hillel (72), American Express Building; 2d and 4th Thursday; Secretary, D. A. Felsenthal, 3745 Langley Av. Maurice Mayer (105), American Express Building; 1st and 3d Wednesday; Secretary, Chas. Cohn, 174 La Salle. Jonathan (130), 83 Madison; 1st and 3d Tuesday; Secretary, Jos. Lipman, 1912 Wabash Av. Sovereignty (148), American Express Building; 2d and 4th Tuesday; Secretary, M. Riese, 893 Osgood. Oriental (189), American Express Building; 1st and 3d Mon- day; Secretary, A. P. Levy, 210 Belmont Av. Chicago (263), Handel Building, 40 Randolph; 2d and 4th Sun- day, 2 p. m.; Secretary, H. Roth, 84 La Salle. Xorthwestern (265), American Express Building: 1st and 3d Sunday. 2 p.m.; Secretary, D. Kahn, 193 E. 26th. Herder (321), American Express Building; 2d and 4th Thurs- day; Secretary, I. Judah, 368 Mohawk. Abraham Aub (343), American Express Building; 2d and 4th Tuesday; Secretary, David Brown, 2953'Wentworth Av. LINCOLN Liberty (294); 1st and 3d Sunday; Secretary, Silas Rosenthal. OTTAWA Humbohlt (1*0); 1st and 3d Sunday; Secretary, Jos. Degen. INDEPENDENT ORDER B'NAI B'RITII 107

PEOBIA Progress (113); 2d and 4th Sunday; Secretary, A. Jacobson, Woolner Building. QUTNCY Zvkika (99); 1st and 3d Sunday; Secretary, Harry Swimmer. Quitiefi (1fil); 2d and 4th Sunday; Secretary, B. (i. Vasen, 508 Main. ROCK ISLAND Inland (109); 1st and 3d Sunday; Secretary, Louis Kohn. SpTtlNGFIELD Ernes (07); 1st and 3d Sunday; Secretary, S. Benjamin.

IOWA BURLINGTON Burlington (251); 1st and 3d Sunday; Secretary, O. Lehman, care of J. S. Sell ram m. COUNCIL BLUFFS Council Bluffs (486); 2d and 4th Sunday; Secretary, O. Hoeh- man, 513 Main. DAVENPORT Davenport (174); 2d and 4th Sunday; Secretary, Rev. Isaac Fall, 328 W. 5th. DF.S MOINES Des Moines (330); 1st and 3d Sunday; Secretary, M. Stern. KEOKUK Keokuk (170); 3d and 4th Sunday; Secretary, L. Solomon.

MICHIGAN ALPENA Alpena (473); 2d and 4th Sunday; Secretary, .1. Sinaberg-. BAY CITY Buy City (178); alternate Sundays; Secretary, Win. Sempliner, 610 Grant. DETROIT Pisyah (34); 1st and 3d Sunday; Secretary, Simon A. Ascher, 171 Montcahn, East. GRAND RAPIDS Julius Houseman (238); 2d and 4th Sunday: Secretary, I. Frankford, 50 W. Bridge. 108 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAH BOOK

JACKSON CITY Jackson Ohti/ (256); 2d and 4th Sunday; Secretary, Julius Hanaw, 202 Main. KALAMAZOO MLilian (247); 1st and ::d Sunday; Secretary, G. M. Cramer.

MINNESOTA MINNEAPOLIS Minneapolis (271); 1st and 3d Sunday; Secretary, A. S. Harris, 160G 5th Av. ST. PAUL Minnesota (157); 2d and 4th Sunday; Secretary, H. L. Levy, 105 E. 4th. Slicehem (390); 1st and 3d Sunday; Secretary, A. Silver, 335 Minnesota.

NEBRASKA LINCOLN Lincoln City (377); 2d and 4th Sunday; Secretary, H. Sehles- inger, 1448 L. OMAHA Nebraska (354); 1st and 3d Sunday; Secretary, Phil. Got- heimer, 1916 Farnum.

WISCONSIN APPLETON Fox River (209); 2d and 4th Sunday; Secretary, W. L. Lyon. OHIPPEWA FALLS Ohippewa Valley (334); 1st and 3d Sunday; Secretary, I. Roth- stein, Eau Claire, Wis. LA CBOSSE Cremicu.r (138); 1st and 3d Sunday; Secretary, ,7. Gutman. MILWAUKEE Gilead (41); 1st and 3d Monday; Secretary, J. S. Manasse, 737 27th. Isaac (87); 1st and 3d Tuesday; Secretary, Chas. L. Aarons, Room 502, Old Insurance Building. lifiltraiikce (141); 2d and 4th Sunday; Secretary, .7. Leweclc, 814 Germania. INDEPENDENT ORDEli B'NAI B'EITH 109

DISTRICT GRAND LODGE NO. 7 President, A. A. Marks, New Orleans, La.; 1st Vice-President, Jacques Loeb, Montgomery, Ala.; 2d Vice-President, S. C. Eld- ridge, San Antonio, Tex.; Treasurer, George Solomon, Vicksbuvg, Miss.; Secretary, Nat. Strauss, 2331 Magazine, New Orleans, La. Seat of Grand Lodge, New Orleans, La. The jurisdiction of District No. 7 comprises Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee and Texas. The Twenty-seventh Convention of District No. 7 was held at New Orleans, April 22-25, 1900. Endowment members, 1454; non- endowment members, 866; lodges, 63. Funds on hand, $276,- 807.61.

LODGES on? DISTRICT NO. 7 ALABAMA ANNISTON Ann is tun (488); Secretary, M. L. Meyerson. BESSEMER Bessemer; Secretary, Sam. Lefkowitz. BIRMINGHAM Birminylwm (368); Secretary, E. Gusneld. DEMOPOLIS Marengo (2t>3); Secretary, M. Goldman. EUFAULA Jephtah (142); Secretary, Silas Stern. HtJNTSVILLE Ezora (2.36); Secretary, Gus. Marx. MOBILE Beth Zw (84); Secretary, Monroe Metzger. MONTGOMERY Emanuel (103); Secretary, L. Young, P. O. Box 246. Alabama (299); Secretary, S. Meyer. SELMA Zadock (155); Secretary, P. Shulhoefer. TUSCAL.OOSA Bernlutrd Friedman (485); Secretary, Emmet Trust. UNIONTOWN Concordia (152); Secretary, A. E. Ernst. AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

ARKANSAS CAMDE.N Elah (2>2); Secretary, Moses Stern. FORT SMITH Fort Smith (306); Secretary, S. .Joel. HELENA Esther (159); Secretary, Meyer Clonk. JJ1TTI,E ROCK Little Rock (ir>N); Secretary, Elias ISavra. I'tNE BLUFF Plmcnir (2T9); Secretary, M. Lecinsky.

FLORIDA JACKSONVILLE Jnrksonrilli' (387); Secretary, Tizianlinsky. PKNSACOLA Alpha (l-'Hl); Secretary, L. B. Hirshman.

LOUISIANA ALEXANDRIA Rebecca (240); Secretary, Moses Mayer. BASTROP Hannah (276); Secretary, Louis Lazarus. BATON ROUGE Abraham Geiijer (232); Secretary, E. H. Mayer. BAYOU SARA Bayou Sara (162); Secretary, M. Burgas. CLINTON Felidana (239); Secretary, Henry Meyer. CROWLEY Morris Marks (489); Secretary, Isidore Marks. MONROE Adasa (208); Secretary, Rev. I. Heinberg. XATCHITOCHES Othniel (274); Secretary, Eclw. Phillips. INDEPENDENT ORDER B'NAI B'RITH

NEW ORLEANS Crescent City (182); Secretary, Nat. Dreyfus, 1629 Erato. B'nai Israel (188); Secretary, D. Goldstein, Touro Infirmary. Chilf (221); Secretary, Simon Leopold, 125 Dauphin. Home (243); Secretary, Sol. Lion. J. K.'Uutlwim (439); Secretary, E. L. Weil, Hennen Building1. International (500), Clio and St. Charles Av.; Secretary, J. Hyinan. OPELOTJSAS Zered (245); Secretary, J. I'lonsky, Washington, La.

SHREVEPOBT Louisiana (107); Secretary, Eli Blum.

MISSISSIPPt BROOKHAVEN Dinah (440); Secretary, D. Wilson.

CANTON Judith (106); Secretary, Leon Loeb, Jr.

COLUMBUS Joachim (181); Secretary, L. Fleischnnm.

DURANT N. D. Menken (317); Secretary, J. Marseilles.

GREENVILLE Deborah (161); Secretary, M. Mayor.

JACKSON ManasaJi (202); Secretary, L. S. Bloom.

MERIDIAN Asaph (28G); Secretary, Henry Loewi.

NATCHEZ Ezra (134); Secretary, Simon Mayer, P. O. Box 137. PORT GIBSON Rephidim (230); Secretary, M. Levy. SUMMIT Ruth (262); Secretary, Chas. Levy. VlCKSBURG Mississippi (98); Secretary, L. M. Lowenlmirg1. 112 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR HOOK

TENNESSEE BROWNSVILLE West Tennessee (316); .Secretary, Jos. Sternberger.

MEMPHIS Memphis (35); Secretary, H. Gronauer. Hiddikel (100); Secretary, Henry Brown.

NASHVILLE Maimnnides (46); Secretary, Jake Levin.

TEXAS AUSTIN Hill City (241); Secretary, Sol. Davis. BEAUMONT Jubilee (435); Secretary, A. Zwirn. BRENHAM Akiba Egar (24!i); Secretar3r, H. Cohn.

DALLAS Dallas (187); Secretary, A. Weber.

OALVESTON Zacliarias Frankcl (242); Secretary, M. 1'. Oesterman.

HALLETTSVILLE Naomi (318); Secretary, Jos. Kahn.

HOUSTON Lone Mar (210); Secretary, Simon Kottwitz. Houston (434); Secretary, S. Simon, 60S Chartres. MARSHALL Reuben (257); Secretary, L. S. Bernstein.

SAN ANTONIO Edar (211); Secretary, J. M. Oppenheimer. TYLER Edirnrd Laske.r (347); Secretary, Sam. Jacobs.

VICTORIA Victoria (212); Secretary, Ben Dreyfus. WACO Eureka (108); Secretary, H. S. Long. INDEPENDENT ORDER FREE SOXS OF ISRAEL H3

DISTRICT GBAND LODGE NO. 8 GERMANY President, D. Tiemendorfer, Berlin; 1st Vice-President, Jos. Wisloch, Frankfort; 2d Vice-President, Adolph Mayer, Berlin; Treasurer, Siegmund Bergel, Berlin; Secretary, D. Wolff, Berlin. 42 lodges in District No. 8.

DISTRICT GRAND LODGE NO. 9 ROUMANIA President, Adolph Stern, Bucharest, Roumania; Secretary, Joseph Stern, Bucharest, Roumania. 1G lodges in District No. 9.

DISTRICT GRAND LODGE NO. 10 AUSTRIA President, Dr. M. Hammerschlag, Prague; 1st Vice-President, Dr. Leon Horowitz, Krakau; 2d Vice-President, Adalbert Skall, Prague; Treasurer, Dr. Siegmund Stein, Prague; Secretary, Dr. Heinrich Rosenbaum, Prague. 10 lodges in District No. 10.

INDEPENDENT ORDER FREE SONS OF ISRAEL1 Headquarters: 791 Lexington Av., New York City. Founded January 10, 1849.

GRAND LODGE OF THE UNITED STATES Grand Master, Julius Harburger, 104 Second Av., New York; 1st Deputy Grand Master, S. Hoftheimer, 1476 Lexington Av., New York; 2d Deputy Grand Master, M. S. Meyerhoffi, 816 Cherry, Philadelphia, Pa.; 3d Deputy Grand Master, Adolph Pike, 10S La Salle, Chicago, 111.; Grand Secretary, I. H. Goldsmith, 791 Lexing- ton Av., New York; Grand Treasurer, L. Frankenthaler, 11 E. 87th, New York; Chairman Committee on Endowment, William A. Gans, 141 Broadway, New York. Executive Committee: Philip Stein, Court House, Chicago, 111.; Herman Stiefel, 325 E. 4th, New York; I. J. Schwartzkopf, 32 E. 119th, New York; Abm. Hafer, 302 W. 139th, New York; J. M. Wilzin; Chas. M. Obst, 209 W. Newton, Boston, Mass.; Benj. Blumenthal, 53 E. 83d, New York; Isaac Hamburger, 5 W. 120th,

1 For Cemetery established under the auspices of the Order, scr the DIBEC- TOUV OF LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS under CHICAGO. 114 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

New York; Adolph Finkenberg, 2287 3d Aw, New Y'ork; .T. S. Rechnitzer, 3019 Chestnut, St. Louis, Mo.; William A. Gans. Counsel, S. B. Hamburger, 141 Broadway, N. Y. The jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of the United States comprises California, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland. Michigan, Mississippi, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas and Virginia. Members, 11,200. Lodges, 103. Amount of reserve fund, $865,000. Paid to widows, orphans and beneficiaries, $3,328,000. Paid by lodges of the order for benefits and donations, $3,- 150,000. Total amount paid to members and beneficiaries, $6,478,000. Funds of lodges, $324,765.38.

LODGES UNDER THE GRAND LODGE CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO Pioneer (87), 121 Eddy; 1st and 3d Tuesday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, L. Meininger, 411 Montgomery.

GEORGIA ATLANTA Atlanta (8:>), Kiser Building; 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Alex. Dittler, 161 Whitehall.

KENTUCKY LOUISVILLE Gideon (73), Music Hall; 2d Sunday, S p.m.; Secretary, J. I. Seideman, 613 W. Main. Cremieu.e (74), 619 1st; 4th Sunday. 8 p. m.; Secretary, Louis Gideon, 223 E. Breckenridge.

LOUISIANA NEW ORLEANS Louisiana (89), Y. M. H. A. Hall; 1st and 3d Sunday. S p.m.: Secretary, S. Mendelsohn, P. O. Box 1038.

MARYLAND BALTIMORE. Lessiny (95), Covenant Hall; 2d and 4th Sunday. 8 p.m.; Secretary, Harry Goldman, 1720 E. Preston. INDEPENDENT ORDER FREE SONS OF ISRAEL H5

MICHIGAN DETUOIT Monteftore (12), Odd Fellows' Temple; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Simon A. Asher, 171 Montcahn, East.

MISSISSIPPI GREENVILLE James A. Garflehl (91), Masonic Temple; 1st and 3d Monday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, M. Lemler. MERIDIAN Meridian (109), 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Siegfried Kips. PORT GIBSON Mississippi (7o), The Temple; 1st and 3d Sunday, S p. m.; Secretary, Ben. R. Levy. VICKSBURG Joseph tiiwwoits (84), B. B. L. A. Hall; 2d and 4th Wednesday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Louis Emmich, care of S. Schwartz & Co. OHIO CINCINNATI Queen Vita (54), Covenant Hall; 1st and 3d Tuesday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, M. Sehottenfels, 119 E. 3d. Abraham Geiyer (77), Fifth and Central A vs.: 1st and 3d Sun- day, 8 p. m.;'Secretary, Julius Fuchs, P. O. Box 46. CLEVELAND. Ephraim (10), ;;.J4 Ontario: 1st and. i.'cl Tuesday, 8 p.m.; Sec- retary, Samuel M. Oppenheimer, M4 Sanford. Ellas (67), Blahd and Heller's Hall; 1st and 3d Thursday, 8 p. in.; Secretary, J. Canjpen, 131 Putnam.

PENNSYLVANIA PHILADELPHIA Kuppaport (35), Covenant Hall; 1st and 3d Monday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, M. Lowenthal, 503 Fairmount Av. Liberty (48), 640 N. 6th: 1st and 3d Sunday, 2 p. m.; Secretary, H. Freeman, 2270 ChadwicU. Centennial (76), Covenant Hall; 3d Sunday, 10 a. m.; Secretary, S. YV. Goodman, 116 N. 3d. 116 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

PlTTSBURG Iron ditji (50), Morgenstern Building'; 1st and 3d Sunday, 10 a. m.; Secretary, Myer Rosenthal, fill) Wylie Av. Diujiiesne (0C), Fifth Av. and Market: lid and 4th Sunday, 10 a. m.; Secretary, Clarence Goldman, care of J. M. Guskey, Market St. WlLLIAMSPOKT Williamsport (SO), Front and Mulberry; 1st Sunday, 10 a.m.; Secretary, S. Silverman, Park Hotel. TENNESSEE MEMPHIS Memphis (108). Odd Fellows' Hall, 4th Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secre- tary, Henry Brown, 251 Main. NASiivrLLE Gal Ed (81), Temple; 2d Sunday. 8 p. m.; Secretary, J. Levine, 204 N. College. TEXAS DALLAS Lone Star (97), B. B. Hall; 4th Monday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, A. Pandres, care of E. M. Kahn & Co. VIRGINIA NORFOLK Edward Lasher (101), Montefiore Hall; 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, A. Aronheim. RICHMOND Friendship (47), Central Annex Hall; 1st and Id Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Wm. Flegenheimer, P. O. Box 69.

DISTRICT GRANP LODGE NO. 1 Grand Master, M. S. Stern, 2013 Fifth Av., New York; 1st Deputy Grand Master, Isaac Engel, 329 S. 5th, Brooklyn, N. Y.; 2d Deputy Grand Master, William Bookheim, 230 S. Pearl, Albany, N. Y.; 3d Deputy Grand Master, Aaron Wolf son, 16 Paisley Park, Dorchester, Mass.; Grand Secretary, J. H. Goldsmith, 791 Lexing- ton Av., New York; Grand Treasurer, Emil Tausig, 452 E. 84th, New York; Grand Warden, Meier Goldberg, 324 E. 62d, New York; Grand Tyler, Carson Mintz, 313 E. 85th, New York. General Committee: Chairman Committee on Appeals, Myer Elsas, 13G E. 115th, New York; Chairman Committee on Law, M. Angelo Elias, 218 Broadway, New York; Chairman Committee on INDEPENDENT ORDER FREE SONS OP ISRAEL H7

Finance, Benjamin Orbach, 488 Grand, New York; Chairman Committee on State of District, Isaac Simon, 114 E. 56th, New York; Chairman Board of District Deputies, Mort. J. Lichten- berg, 106 W. 128th, New York. The jurisdiction of District No. 1 comprises Connecticut, Mas- sachusetts, New Jersey, New York and Rhode Island. The Thirty-fourth Annual Convention was held at New York, February 11, 1900. Next meeting, February 2, 1901, in New York. District Grand Lodge No. 1 has a Charity Fund, and is at present accumulating a fund for the endowment of hospital beds in various hospitals in the city of New York, for members and their families. LODGES OF DISTRICT NO. 1 CONNECTICUT HARTFOED Judith (33), Bliss Hall; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Charles Rosenthal, 591 Main. NEW HAVEN New Haven (46), Odd Fellows' Hall; 2d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secre- tary, Philip Goodhart, P. O. Box 1249. MASSACHUSETTS BOSTON Moses Mendelssohn (25), 515 Tremont; 2d and 4th Sunday, 3 p.m.; Secretary, Max Mehlinger, .177 Washington. Bay State (62), Minot Hall; 1st Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, M. H. Mintz, 67 Chauncey. LOWELL Samuel (51), 544 Middlesex; 4th Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Samuel Abels, 177 Mermark. NEW JEESET NEWAKK Newark (41), 94 Market; 1st and 3d Sunday, 10 a.m.; Secre- tary, Leopold Heller, 246 W. Kinney. Independence (6S), 828 Bi-oad; 2d and 4th Tuesday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Simon Loebl, 9 Boston. NEW YORK ALBANY Arnnn (64), 64 S. Pearl; 2d and 4th Sunday, 7 p. m.; Secretary, Louis W. Bookheim, fis Green. AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

AMSTERDAM Amsterdam (S.s), Bank Building'; 2d and -Ith Sunday, S p.m.; Secretary, A. Pollock-, 54 Main. BROOKLYN Drum (9), Grand and Havemeyer; 2d and 4th Sunday, a p. m.; Secretary, H. Sanders, 17ti E. 95th, N. Y. Jonathan (27), Grand and Havemeyer; 1st and r!d Sunday, S p. m.; Secretary, Max Blatt, ;-;21 Grand. King Solomon (28), -107 Bridg-e; 2d and 4th Sunday, 3, p.m.; Secretary, Jacob Michaelis, 575 Atlantic Av. Jordan (32), 200 .Toralomon: 1st and 3d Sunday, .'! p. m.: Sec- retary, S. Krone, 448 Bergen. BUFFALO H. J. Goldsmith (39), 467 William; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.: Secretary, Jacob Harris, 587 Jefferson. Buffalo City (57), New Era Hall, 17(> Main: 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, H. Levy, 688 William. NEW YORK Jamb (1), 162 E. 55th; 4th Sunday, :! p.m.: Secretary, D. H. Phillips, 16 E. 120th. Abraham (2), 203 E. 56th; 1st and ?.& Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secre- tary, Louis Cohn, 233 E. 81st. Reuben (3), 155 E. 58th; 1st and 3d Sunday, S p. m.; Secretary, I. H. Goldsmith, 791 Lexing-ton Av. Leiji (5), 155 E. 58th; 1st and 3d Wednesday, S p, m.; Secre- tary, M. L. Rothschild, 45 W. 117th. Aryeh (6), 155 E. 58th; 1st, ::d and 5th Sunday. 8 p.m.; Sec- retary, L. Ullman, 195 Seventh. Tsarhar (7), 111 E. 86th; 2d and 4th Monday, 8 p.m.: Secre- tary, R. Strauss, 436 E. 84th. Million (8), 170 E. 60th: 2d, 4th and 5th Tuesday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Auf>\ Diedesheim, 398 E. 52d. XaphtaU (10), Harlem Lyceum, 107th and 3d Av.: 1st nnd 3d Tuesday. 8 p. m.; Secretary, Simon Gottsehall, 183 E. 116th. (lad (11), 207 E. 56th; 2d and 4th Thursday, 8 p.m.; Secre- tary, H. Katz, 1736 Madison Av. Asher (13), 138 E. 57th: 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary. Edward Oppenheimer, 618 E. 155th. Joseph (14). 328 E. 86th: 1st and 3d Thursday, 8 p.m.: Sec- retary, Henry Abraham, 339 E. fi9th. INDEPENDENT ORDER FREE SONS OF ISRAEL H9

NEW YOBK {continued) Benjamin (15), 239 E. 57th; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p.m.; Sec- retary, Jos. I. Hartenstein, 120 Worth. Menasse (17), 205 E. 56th; 1st and 3d Sundav, 8 p. m.; Secre- tary, J. Rhonheimer, 5 W. 134th. Henry Clay (19), 170 E. 60th; 1st and 3d Wednesday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Isaac Strauss, 229 W. 129th. Aaron (20), 207 E. 56th; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, H. H. Guttman, 333 E. 77th. Joshua (21), 237 E. 57th; 1st and 3d Monday, 8 p.m.; Secre- tary, S. Backofen; 1842 Third Av. Simon (23), 239 E. 57th; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, M. Auerhahn, 4 Lewis. Daniel Webster (24), 155 E. 58th; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, M. M. Goldschmidt, 2142 Seventh Av. Kliiy David (26), 115 E. 86th; 2d and 4th Wednesday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Henry Michaelis, 140 Concord, Brooklyn, N. Y. Standard (30), 170 E. 60th; 1st ami 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Sec- retary, Jacob L. Cohn, 139 W.. 112th. Akiba Egar (31), Second Av. and 1st; 1st and 3d Wednesday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Henry Krombach, 147 E. Houston. fiinnl (34), 113-115 E. 86th; 1st and 3d Wednesday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, A. Gerothwohl, 324 E. 84th. Palestine (36), 155 E. 58th; 2d and 4th Thursday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Moritz Stern, 416 E. 57th. Hosea (37), 138 E. 57th; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Emanuel Greenhut, 220 E. 114th. Zion (38), 147 E. 53d; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary. Sol. Maas, 106 E. 123d. Syracuse (40), Freeman's Hall; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, M. J. Altman, 659 Madison. Empire City (42), 59th St. and Madison Av.; 2d and 4th Wed- nesday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, S. Steinbrink, 229 Washington, Brooklyn. Hlllel (43), 239 E. 57th; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, A. Michel, 646 E. 9th. yew York (44), 237 E. 57th: 1st and 3d Thursday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, J. Rheinheimer, 140 Columbia. Achai Scholom (56), 70 E. 4th; 2d and 4th Sunday. 8 p.m.; Secretary, Julius Mayer, 311 E. 27th. Metropolitan (CO), 170 E. (iOth; 1st and 3d Tuesday, 8 p.m.: Secretary, Benj. Levinger, 187 Hewes, Brooklyn. 120 AMEltlCAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

NEW YORK (continued) Mount Horeb (61), 117 E. 53d; 1st and 3d Monday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Robert Senger, ;:? Warren. Union (65), 139 E. 59th; 2d and 4th Monday, 8 p.m.; Secre- tary, M. D. Cohn, care of Voss & Stern, 478 Broadway. Constellation (66), 723 Lexington Av.; 2d Sunday, 10 a.m.; Secretary, E. J. Oraetz, lfi-22 William. Yorkville (69), 170 E. 60th; 1st and 3d Monday, 8 p.m.; Secre- tary, E. H. Kern, 72 E. 82d. 'Washington (70), 723 Lexington Av.; 4th Monday, 8 p.m.; Sec- retary, Joseph Heskel, 413 E. 85th. Mount Vernon (71), 151-153 W. 125th; 2d and 4th Monday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Samuel Jacobson, 345 Summer Av., New- ark, N. J. Malmonides (80), 2d Av. and 1st; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, M. Anthony, 366 Fulton, Brooklyn. Amity (92), 170 E. 60th: 1st and 3d Thursday, 8 p.m.; Secre- tary, S. Simon, 84 Lenox Av. Peter Cooper (98), 259 E.'Houston; 1st and 3d Sunday, 3 p. in.; Secretary, David Heyman, 11 E. 112th. Hamilton (100), 723 Lexing-ton Av.; 2d Monday, 8 p.m.; Sec- retary, M. I. Cohen, 1724 Madison Av. Manhattan (111), 237 E. 57th; 2d and 4th Thursday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, M. A. Drucker. 110 E. 89th. IToechter (1), 239 E. 57th; 1st and 3d Tuesday, 2 p.m.; Secre- tary, Mrs. B. Van Raalte, 182 E. 76th. jNaami (2), 1534 Third Av.; 2d and 4th Sunday, 3 p.m.; Sec- retary, Mrs. Fannie Hyms, 112 E. S-lth. jSarah (3), 237 E. 57th; 3d Sunday, 2 p.m.; Secretary, Jennie Fredericks, 1813 Lexing*ton Av. jDeborah (5), 237 E. 57th; 1st and 3d Sunday, 2 p.m.; Secre- tary, B. Davis, 1026 Avenue A. •\Leah (6), 160 E. 86th: 1st and 3d Sunday, 2 p. m.; Secretary, H. Weinberg-, 14 E. 113th. ROCHESTER Rochester Continental (45), Goldsmith's Hall, Clinton Av., N.; 1st and 3d Monday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, S. F. Ehrlich, 148 N. Union. RONDOTJT (KINGSTON) Lebanon (55), Oriflith's Hall; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, David Wolff, 22 Rogers.

t Women's lodge. INDEPENDENT ORDER FREE SONS OP ISRAEL 121

TEOY Troy City (83), Third Street Synagogue; 2d and 4th Sunday, 3 p. m.; Secretary, H. Kuschewsky, 182 River. RHODE ISLAND PROVIDENCE Providence (78), Foster and Friendship; 2d Sunday, 3 p.m.; Secretary, H. Lamb, 307 Cranston.

DISTRICT GRAND LODGE NO. 2 Grand Master, H. M. Shabad, Room 801, 99 Washington, Chi- cago, 111.; 1st Deputy Grand Master, Isaac A. Loeb, Room 322, Ashland Block, Chicago, 111.; 2d Deputy Grand Master, M. Michaelis, 900 Franklin Av., St. Louis, Mo.; 3d Deputy Grand Master, C. Weisl, 588 Throop, Chicago, 111.; Grand Secretary, Alfred H. Woolf, 799 N. Leavitt, Chicago, 111.; Grand Treasurer, Louis Levin, 3G59 Wentworth Av.; Grand Warden, Bernard Gross, 797 Van Buren, Milwaukee, Wis.; Grand Tyler, Hy. Goldsmith, 516 N. Mansfield Av., Chicago, III. General Committee: Samuel Moses, 816 N. Leavitt, Chicago, 111.; M. Pflaum, 3311 Calumet Av., Chicago, 111.; S. H. Myers, 731 Wal- nut, Chicago, 111.; L. A. J. Lippelt, 822 Chestnut, St. Louis, Mo.; L. Hoffman, Leavenworth, Kan. The jurisdiction of District No. 2 comprises Illinois, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri and Wisconsin.

LODGES OF DISTRICT ISTo. 2 ILLINOIS CHICAGO Moses (18), Columbia Hall, 311 W. Division; 2d and 4th Sun- day, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Julius Moll, 387 N. Ashland Av. Isaiah (22), 151 E. Randolph; 1st and 3d Wednesday, s p.m.; Secretary, A. Felsenthal, 3745 Langley Av. Excelsior (29), 87 E. Madison; 2d and 4th Sunday, 2 p.m.; Secretary, B. Herrick, 3409 Prairie Av. Ahralium Lincoln (49), 83 Madison; 2d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secre- tary, Abr. Diamond, 328 Elm. Qermania (58), Masonic Temple; 1st and 3d Sunday, s p.m.; Secretary, M. Kaskel, Station F, 101 Potomac Av. Garden' City (59), 40 E. Randolph; 3d Sunday, 3 p.m.; Secre- tary, J. C. Kaufman, 412 S. Troy. Phoeni.r (79), Culture Club Rooms; 4th Monday, 8 p. rn.; Sec- retary, J. C. Simon, 451 W. Congress. 122 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

CHICAGO (continued) Chicayo (94), 106 E. Randolph; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary. M. Yeit, 178 YVilmot Av. Columbus (112), Robey and Division; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Eli Brandt, 187 X. Curtis. •fEs-tlier (7), Masonic Temple: 2d Sunday. 2 p.m.; Secretary, Mrs. Ida Levin, 365!) Wentworth Av. KANSAS LEAVENWORTH KitH.van (T2), Bnai Jeshurun Building; 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Morris Rothschild, 42(5 Delaware. MINNESOTA MINNEAPOLIS Minneapolis (93), Alexander's Hall; 4th Wednesday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Ralph Rees, 616 N. Western Building. MISSOURI ST. JOSEPH Missouri (9'J), Synagogue; 2d Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Dr. I. Schwab, (3th and Jule. ST. LOUIS Jutlit Totiro (4), Odd Fellows' Building; 2d Thursday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, J. S. Rechnitzer, 3019 Chestnut. Pnnjrrss (53), Odd Fellows' Hall; 4th Thursday, S p.m.; Sec- retary, Emil Hartman, 1103 Vandeventer Av. WISCONSIN MILWAUKEE Harmonic (52), 1'aschen Hall, Chestnut St.; 3d Sunday, 2 p. m.; Secretary, Julius S. Manasse, 737 27th. Cream. City (

INDEPENDENT ORDER SONS OF BENJAMIN Headquarters: 212 E. 58th, New York City. Founded December 23, 1877. GRAND LODGE OF THE UNITED STATES Grand Master, Hon. Ferdinand Levy. 23"> YV. 112th, New York: 1st Deputy Grand Master, Louis Lindeman, 103 E. o:_'d; 2d Deputy t Women's lodge. INDEPENDENT ORDER SONS OF BENJAMIN ]•>;>,

Grand Master, David J. Zinner, 20 Blaekstone Building1. Broad- way, Cleveland; I'd Deputy Grand Master, Philip Gates, 228 Cedar, Syracuse; Grand Secretary, 424 E. 57th, New York: Assistant Grand Secretary, Louis B. Franklin, (Hi E. lOilth, New York; Grand Treasurer, Philip Freund, 218 E. 5.'!d, New York; Endow- ment Treasurer, Michael Baron, 608 Eighth Av., New York; Counsel to the Order, Mitehel Levy, 203 Broadway, New York; Grand Messenger, Samuel Ascher, 212 K. 58th, New York; Grand Conductor, Julius Riess, 77 E. 121st, N^ew York; Grand Conductor, S. J. Bettman, 509 E. 119th, New York; Grand Inside Guardian, Simon Schem, 336 E. 4th, New York; Grand Inside Guardian, Benj. Kaplan, 98 E. Broadway, New York. Members: Male, 14,088; Female, 1361. Lodges, 192. The Executive Committee meets the fourth Sunday of the month. The next convention takes place July 4, 1902, at Detroit, Mich. Endowment paid to widows, orphans and brothers since the institution of the Order, $2,198,388.07. Income of last fiscal year, $252,866.52. The Order has its own burial ground, in which members and their families are entitled to free burial.

LODGES (Lodg'es marked with * employ the English language; those marked with f are women's lodges.) CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO *Califoniiierra (26), 120 O'Farrell; 2d and 4th Sunday, s p.m. COLORADO DENVER *nenrer (110). Odd Fellows' Hall, 1440 Larimer; 2cl and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m. Baron

HARTFORD * Hartford (108), 3 Pratt; 2d and 4th Sunday, 2.30 p.m. NEW HAVEN Adolph Cremicu-r (20), Odd Fellows' Hall, P. 0. Box 573; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m. New Haven (73), Music Hall, 117 Court; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA WASHINGTON *ColumMa (101), 5th and G, N. W.; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m. ^District (124), Oppenheimer's Hall, 9th Street, N. W.; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m. *^Rachel (19), 904 Pennsylvania Av., N. W.; 2d Sunday, 8 p.m. ^Friendship Ladies'1 (29), Hebrew Temple, 8th between H and I; " 3d Sunday, 8 p. m. ILLINOIS CHICAGO •^Chicago (52), Crystal Hall, 83-85 Madison; 2d and 4th Wed- nesday, 8 p. m. Illinois (55), Hooley's Theatre, 149 E. Randolph; 3d Wednes- day, 8 p. m. *Oarden City (75), 255 S. Halsted; 2d and 4th Sunday, 3 p. m. Gabriel HirscJt, (136), 83-85 Madison; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m. Israel's Alliance (138), 188 Blue Island Av.; 1st and :;d Sunday, 8 p. m. Alphons (170), Wicker Park Hall, Milwaukee and North Avs.; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m. jLady Monteftore (13), 40 E. Randolph; 1st Sunday, 8 p. m. •(Ladies' Progress (30). INDIANA INDIANAPOLIS ^Indiana (1G9), 27 S. Delaware; 1st and :id Sunday, 8 p. m.

KANSAS KANSAS CITY * Justice (167), 200 N. James; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m.

MAINE BANGOB Banyor (143), Synagogue Hall, Centre St.; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m. INDEPENDENT OKDEK SONS OF BENJAMIN 125

MARYLAND BALTIMORE Monumental (78), 1017 E. Baltimore; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m. * Maryland (96), 1017 E. Baltimore; 2d and Jth Sunday, 2 p. m. Pride of Baltimore (180). ^Deborah (10), I. O. M. Hall, 630 W. Baltimore; 1st and 3d Sun- day, 3 p. m. MASSACHUSETTS BOSTON *Kossuth (31), Rcdmen's Hall, 516 Tremont; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m. Mordechai (39), Minot Hall, Spring-field and Washington; 1st and 3d Tuesday, 8 p. m. *Bay State (56), Minot Hall, Springfield and Washington; 3d and 4th Wednesday, 8 p. m. *Bostmi (80), United Fellowship Hall, 26 Union Park; 2d and 4th Tuesday, 8 p. m. * Liberty Lodge (93), Minot Hall, Springfield and Washington; 1st and 3d Wednesday. 8 p. m. ^Massachusetts (150), Baldwin Hall, Baldwin Place; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m. *New England (179), Minot Hall, Springfield and Washington; 1st and 3d Tuesday, 8 p. m. •{Eva (4), 514 Tremont; 2d Sunday, 8 p.m. FALL RIVER Fall River (152), Troy Building, Pleasant St.; 1st and 3d Sun- day, 8 p. m. SPRINGFIELD *CommonweaWh (141), Redmen's Hall; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m. WOBCESTBE ^Worcester (47), Commonwealth Hall; 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.

MICHIGAN DETEOIT *Detroit (97), Pythian Castle, 58 Catharine; alternate Sundays, beginning with the first in September, 8 p. m. * Aaron (132), 58 Catharine; alternate Sundays, beginning with the first in September, 8 p. m. !•:>(_•; AMERICAN JEWISH YEAH BOOK

MINNESOTA MINNEAPOLIS '"Benjamin Franklin (12s), 34-36 S. fith: 3d Sunday, 8 p.m. American Star (14T), 36 S. 6th; 2d Sunday, 8 p.m. ST. PAIL *»S7. I'unl City (133), 170 Eaton Av.; 1st Sunday, 3 p. m.

JIIlSSOL'Rl KANSAS CITY •'•Kansas Cili/ (US), 1013 Walnut; 2d and 4th Sunday, S p.m. *f treat Western (135), 131s Grand Av.: 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m. ^'Midland (162), Knights of Pythias Hall, 627 Main; 2d Sunday, 8 p. m. "Western l'ritlc (176), Knights of Pythias Hall, 100'J Walnut; 1st Sunday, K p. m. '•'•'iljuhj Midland (2:2), 7th and Main; 1st Sunday, 8 p. m. ST. Loi'is *Xt. Lonis (44), Fraternal Building, 11th and Franklin; 1st and 3d Sunday, s p. m. Missouri True Friends (112), 11th and Franklin; 2d and 4th Sunday, s p. m. .Star of the Wext (126), 11th and Franklin; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. in. NEW JERSEY BAYONNE CITY Bayonnc City (130), 421 Av. D: 1st and ::d Sunday, 8 p. m. HOBOKEN '''Hudson (120), 412 Washington; 1st and 3d Sunday, 3 p. m. NEWARK Washington (11), 224 Court; 2d Tuesday, s p. m. F.-ii-elsinr (1">), 1 Broomc: 1st and 3d Wednesday. 8 p.m. Abraham Salomon (24), ."> S. Orange Av.; 2d Sunday, 2 p.m. '(Martha Waxhini/ton ('.',), f> S. Orange Av.: 1st, 3d and 5th Sun- day, 3 p. in. NEW YORK ALBANY '•'Capitol ('ita (66), Hebrew Free School, 100 Herkimer; 1st and 3d Sunday, N p. m. '•''Albanian (102), Beaver Block; 2d and 4th Sunday, s p. m. INDEPENDENT OKDETC SONS OF BEN.TAMTN 121

BlNGHAMTON *Parlor City (129), G. A. E. Hall, 77 State; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m. BROOKLYN Long Island (13), 196 State; 2d and 4th Sunday, s p.m. * Brooklyn Citu (38), 153 Pierrepont; 1st and 3d Sunday, 3 p. m. '-Mawahce (49), Masonic Temple, Grand and Havemeyer; 2d and 4th Monday, 8 p. m. '''Kings Coiinti/ (114), 631 Third Av.; 2d and 4th Sunday, 3 p. m. Lebanon (117), 112-114 Graham Av.; 1st and 3d Sunday, s p. m. '''Spinoza (154), De Kalb Av. and Broadway; 1st and 3d Wed- nesday, 8 p. m. *jTjfid}/ Judith (fi), .Toppe Room, Court and .Toralomon; 4th Sun- day, 3 p. m. ~y'-]-1famie (9), Ewen and Meserole; 1st Sunday, 3 p. m. BUFFALO *Quecn City (74), 4fi9 William; 1st and 3d Sunday, S p.m. ^'Buffalo (153), Rick's Hall, 415 Clinton; 1st and 3d Sunday, S p. m. *tKi«/7S Daught. of Ren. (16), Buchel Hall, William and Mich- igan; 1st and 3d Sunday, S p. m. •\LVCII Dreyfus (31). GREENPOINT *Meyerheer (115), 121 Franklin; 1st and 3d Sunday, 2.30 p.m. ITHACA -Ithaca (165), Lyceum Opera House; 2d Sunday, 8 p. m. NEWBC'RGH *Xeirbiirgh (121). 117 Broadway; 2d and 4th Sunday, 10 a. m. NEW YORK Beiiittmin (1), 77-79 Essex; 2d and 4th Thursday, S p. m. Raphael (2), 257 E. Houston; 1st and 3d Tuesday, 8 p. m. Flicscr (3), 257 E. Houston; 1st and 3d Tuesday, S p.m. William Heller (4), 12 St. Mark's Place, K. sth; 1st and 3d Sunday. 8 p. m. Wlozlrnrker (5), Liberty Hall, 257 E. Houston; 2d and 4th Tuesday, 8 p. m. Isaac (6), 73 Ludlow; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m. Onxtur Blum (7), Florence Building, 2d Av. and 1st; 3d and 4th Monday. 8 p. m. log AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

NEW YOEK (continued) Jehuda (8), Florence Building, Room 4, 1st and 2d Av.; 1st and 3d Thursday, 8 p. m. Daniel Webster (9), Liberty Hall, 257 E. Houston; 1st and 3d Thursday, 8 p. m. Isachar (10), Temple Gates of Hope, 115 E. 86th; 1st and 3d Monday, 8 p. m. Manhattan (12), 328 E. Houston; 1st and 3d Thursday, 8 p. m. Max Cahn (14), 139 E. 59th; 2d and 4th Wednesday, 8 p. m. Moses (16), 257 E. Houston; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m. New York (17), Terrace Garden, Doric Room, 155 E. 58th; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m. *Eenry Clay (18), 15cJl Second Av.; 1st and 3d Sunday, 3 p. m. Progress (19), 12 E. 18th; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m. Abraham Lincoln (20), Peper's Casino, 201-203 E. 67th; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m. Metropolitan (21), Mozart Hall, 328 E. 86th; 2d and 4th Sun- day, 8 p.m. ^Perfection (22), 69 St. Mark's Place, E. 8th; 1st and 3d Sun- day, 8 p. m. *Moses Montefwre (23), Central Hall, 1915 Third Av.; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m. Sinai (25), 64 E. 4th; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p.m. *Ernst Kaufman (27), 139 E. 59th; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m. Hanover (29), 328 E. 86th; 2d and 4th Monday, 8 p. m. Sherpcer (30), 236 Broome; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m. Salomon (32), 200 E. Broadway; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m. Muses Mendelson (34), 257 E. Houston; 1st and 3d Saturday, 8 p.m. Akiba Eger (37), 21 Suffolk; 1st and 3d Wednesday, 8 p. m. *Barm (41), Circle Hall, 58th and 8th Av.; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p.m. Joseph (45), Liberty Hall, 257 E. Houston; 2d and 4th Tues- day, 8 p. m. Eils Chajim (46), 257 E. Houston; 2d and 4th Saturday, 8 p. m. Nathan (48), K>5 E. Broadway; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m. Kurlaud (50), 151 Bowery; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m. Schiller (51), Florence Building, 1st and 2d Av.; 2d and 4th Tuesday, 8 p. m. Standard (54), Florence Building, 2d Av. and 1st; 1st and 3d Thursday, 8 p. m. INDEPENDENT OEDEE SONS OF BENJAMIN 129

NEW YOKK (continued) Union (60), 67 E. 8th; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m. Yorlcville (61), Bloomingdale's Annex, 164-170 E. 60th; 1st and 3d Tuesday, 8 p. m. Levy (65), 125 Eivington; 1st and 3d Thursday, 8 p. m. Jacob (68), 200 E. Broadway; 2d and 4th Saturday, 8 p. m. Star of Israel (69), 209 E. Broadway; 1st and 3d Monday, 8 p. m. Jecheskel (70), 200 E. Broadway; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m. Palestina (71), 21 Suffolk; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m. '''United, States (72), 203 E. 115th; 2d and 4th Thursday, 8 p. m. ^Shakespeare (77), 236 Broome; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m. Berthold Auerbach (81), Cafe Logeling, 237-241 E. 57th; 1st and 3d Monday, 8 p. m. *Eduard Lasker (82), Cafe Logeling, 237-241 E. 57th; 1st and 3d Thursday, 8 p. m. Rappaport (83), 142 Delancey; 1st and 3d Wednesday, 8 p.m. Zion (84), Florence Building, 2d Av. and 1st; 2d and 4th Sun- day, 8 p. m. Franz Beak (87), 114 Cannon; 1st and 3d Monday, 8 p. m. ^Empire City (88), Central Hall, 1915 Third Av.; 1st and 3d Tuesday, 8 p. m. Atlantic (89), Bohemian National Hall, 321-325 E. 73d; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m. Josna (90), 200 E. Broadway; 1st and 3d Tuesday, 8 p.m. *Adolph Huebsch (94), Bloomingdale's Annex, 164-170 E. COth; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m. Abraham Geiger (98), 39 Canal; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m. Independent (99), 73 Ludlow; 2d and 4th Tuesday, 8 p. m. ^Centennial (100), 1534 Third Av.; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m. Bduard Wertheimer (105), 328 E. Houston; 2d and 4th Tuesday, 8 p. m. Roumania (106), 26 Delancey; 2d and 4th Tuesday, 8 p.m. Nehemia Landau (107), 145 Suffolk; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m. Jefferson (109), Congress Hall, 155 Av. C; 3d Wednesday, 8 p. m. Dr. Nathan Adler (137), 151 Bowery; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m. Ascher (148), Euppiner Hall, 70 E. 4th; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m. Joseph Culwr (172), Liberty Hall, 257 E. Houston; 2d and 4th Monday, 8 p. m. 9 130 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

NEW YOBK (continued) •\Toechter Benjamin (1), Florence Building-, 1st and 2d Av.; 2d and 4th Sunday, 3 p. m. ^Esther (2), 69 E. 8th; 2d and 4th Sunday, 3 p. m. fLeah (5), 69 E. 8th; 1st and 3d Sunday, 3 p. m. •{Miriam (8), Cafe Logeling, 237 E. 57th; 4th Sunday, 3 p. m. ^Daughters of RutJi (14), Maennerchor Hall; 2d Sunday, 8 p. m. •{Sarah (18), Ruppiner Hall, 70 E. 4th; 2d and 4th Sunday, 4 p. m. ROCHESTEB *Flour City (40), 128 St. Joseph; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m. SYBACUSE Ruben (42), Freeman's Hall; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m. TROT *King David (28), 205 River; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m. UTICA *Utica (103), Knights of Pythias Hall, Genesee St.; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m. OHIO CINCINNATI ^Hamilton (111), Western Hall, Wade and Central Av.; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m. Jeshurun (140), 9th and Plum; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m. *'Cincinnati (151), 5th and Central Av.; 2d and 4th Sunday, 2 p. m. •{Treue Schwestern (21), Wade and Central Av.; 2d and 4th Sun- day, 7.30 p. m. *fLady Progressive (27), 9th and Plum; 1st and 3d Wednesday, 8 p. m. CLEVELAND *Cleveland City (33), Blahd and Heller's Hall; every Sunday, 8 p. m. Ohio (36), 354 Ontario; every Monday, 8 p.m. *Garfleld (43), 374 Ontario; 1st Sunday, 8 p. m. "Jonathan (91), Blahd and Heller's Hall, Ontario St.; 2d and 4th Monday, 8 p. m. Cuyahoga (123), Arch's Hall, Ontario St.; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m. *Forest City (127), 356 Ontario; alternate Sundays, beginning with 2d Sunday in September, 8 p. m. Western Pride (181). INDEPENDENT OKDEK SONS OP BENJAMIN 131

COLUMBUS Columbus City (156), 4th and Mound; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m. DAYTON Fraternity (166), Hollencamp's Hall, N. Jefferson St.; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m. TOLEDO *Toledo (160), Curtiss Hall, Adams St.; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m. ZANESVILLE *Clay City (177), 136 Main; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m. PENNSYLVANIA BRADFOBD *Don Abarbanel (85), Malta Hall; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m. EEIE *Lake Erie (63), 726 State; alternate Sundays, beginning with 1st Sunday in September, 8 p. m. PHILADELPHIA Philadelphia (53), 338 Pine; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m. ^Keystone (57), Girard Assembly Hall, 9th and Girard Av.; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m. Pennsylvania (67), Covenant Hall, 640 N. 6th; 2d and 4th Thursday, 8 p. xn. William Penn (79), 524 N. 6th; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m. *Stephen Girard (86), Girard Assembly Rooms, Hutchinson and Girard Avs.; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m. Freedom (178), 5th and Thompson; 2d and 4th Wednesday, 8 p. m. Dr. Herzl, Columbia Hall, 746 S. 8th; Secretary, D. Monheimer, 320 S. 5th. ^Rebecca (17), 608 Girard Av.; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m. PITTSBUKG *Pittsburg (110), 20 Fifth Av.; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m. *Morning Star (125), 20 Fifth Av.; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m. *tHarmony (25), 20 Fifth Av.; 4th Sunday, 8 p. m. SCBANTON Electric City (157), 522 Lackawanna Av.; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m. Scranton (182). 132 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAE BOOK

WJLKES-BAKKE Wilkes-Barre (158), Odd Fellows' Hall, 11 S. Main; 1st and 3d Sunday, 10 a. m. *\Wyoming Valley (20), Odd Fellows' Hall, 11 S. Main; 2d Sun- day, 8 p. m. HHODE ISLAND PROVIDENCE *Judah Touro (59), Foster and Friendship; 4th Sunday, 8 p. m. Abraham (62), 98 Weybosset; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p.m. *\Naemi (28), 340 N. Main; 1st and 3d Tuesday, 8 p. m. VIRGINIA RICHMOND *Bichmond (164), 1561 E. Main; 1st and 3d Tuesday, 8 p. m. WISCONSIN MILWAUKEE *Gream City (76), 512 Chestnut; 1st and 3d Sunday, S p.m. CANADA MONTREAL ^Victoria (92), 251 St. James; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m. Franz Joseph (145), 1863 Notre Dame; 1st and 3d Sunday, 10 a. m. ^Aberdeen (159), 6 Phillips Square; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m. ^Princess of Wales (23), Odd Fellows' Hall, 251 St. James; 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.

INDEPENDENT ORDER WESTERN STAR President, Dr. R. L. Halperin, Chicago. Members, 4000.

THE JEWISH CHAUTAUQUA SOCIETY P. O. Box 825, Philadelphia, Pa. Founded 1893; incorporated April 29, 1899. Chancellor, Dr. Henry Berkowitz; President, Dr. Mark Blumen- thal; Secretary and Director, Isaac Hassler; Treasurer, Max Herzberg; National Field Secretary, Mrs. Minnie D. Louis. Trustees: David Werner Amram, Philadelphia, Pa.; Dr. Charles S. Bernheimer, Philadelphia, Pa.; Mrs. Samuel L. Frank, Balti- more, Md.; Dr. Lee K. Frankel, New York; William B. Hacken- burg, Philadelphia, Pa,; Mrs. Charles Heidelberger, Philadelphia, THE JEWISH CHAUTAUQUA SOCIETY 133

Pa.; Rev. Dr. Max Heller, New Orleans, La.; Hon. Jos. Hirsh, Vicksburg, Miss.; Kev. Dr. K. Kohler, New York, N. Y.; Abraham Langfeld, Philadelphia, Pa.; Leo N. Levi, New York, N. Y.; Mrs. Fannie Muhr, Philadelphia, Pa.; Miss Julia Richman, New York, N. Y.; Jacob H. Schiff, New York; Dr. Lewis W. Steinbach, Philadelphia, Pa.; Rev. Dr. Joseph Stolz, Chicago, 111.; Benj. F. Teller, Philadelphia, Pa.; Rev. Dr. Jacob Voorsanger, San Fran- cisco, Cal. Members, 3000; Congregations, 30. Annual income, about $2500. Organization meets on the first day of the Summer Assembly. Object: The dissemination of knowledge of the Jewish religion by fostering the study of its history and literature, giving popular courses of instruction, issuing publications, establishing reading circles, holding general assemblies, and by such other means as may from time to time be found necessary and proper. The following courses have been announced, at the completion of which a certificate is awarded: I. Preparatory Course, two years. Reading: Outlines of Jew- ish History, by Lady Magnus; Milman's History of the Jews; Jewish Literature, by Israel Abrahams. II. Bible Course, four years. Reading: The Open Bible, by Henry Berkowitz; Syllabus of the Minor Prophets, edited by David W. Amram. III. Special Courses on Post-Biblical History and Literature, Syllabus I, II and III prepared by Professor Richard Gottheil; Part IV prepared by Rev. Dr. M. H. Harris. The Fourth Summer Assembly took place at Atlantic City, N. J., July 13-29, 1900. The work was done in the following departments: I. Department of Popular Lectures. » II. Department of Literary and Musical Entertainments and Social Reunions. III. Department of Popular Conferences. IV. Department of Chautauqua Circles. V. Department of The Summer School. VI. Department of Religious Worship. The addresses were delivered by Hon. Simon Wolf, of Wash- ington, D. C; Professor Richard Gottheil, of New York; Mrs. M. D. Louis, of New York; Isaac Hassler, of Philadelphia; Mrs. M. Landsberg, of Rochester, N. Y.; Philip W. Frey, of Evansville, Ind.; and Leo N. Levi, of New York. A course of ten lectures on " The History of the Jews in Spain " was delivered by Prof. Richard Gottheil and Rev. Dr. M. H. Harris, of New York; two lectures were delivered by Joseph Jacobs, of London, on " The Jews in England "; Prof. 134 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Morris Loeb, of New York, " Ethics of Charitable Endeavor "; Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, of New York, " Americanism "; Prof. Richard G. Moulton, of Chicago, 111., " Interpretative Recital of Deuteronomy " and " Literary Study of the Bible." There were two conferences, one on " The Religious Educational Needs of the Country Jew " and the other on " The Religious Educational Needs of the City Jew." The participants in the first were Dr. Mark Blumenthal, of New York; Rabbi Joseph Leiser, of La- fayette, Ind.; Charles Hoffman, Esq., of Philadelphia; and Mrs. M. D. Louis. In the second, the participants were Dr. Mark Blumenthal, Rabbi Joseph Leiser, and Cyrus Sulzberger, of New York. There were two literary and musical entertainments. Divine services were held and sermons preached by Rabbis B. C. Ehrenreich, of Atlantic City, N. J.; Maurice H. Harris, C. A. Rubenstein, of Baltimore, Md.; M. Salzman, of Wilkes-Barre, Pa.; and Stephen Wise, of New York. The work of the Summer School consisted of ten lectures by Rev. Dr. Maurice H. Harris on " The Bible as a Text Book "; ten lectures by Rev. Dr. J. B. Grossman, of Youngstown, 0., on " The Principles of Pedagogy as applied to Religious Instruction"; and ten hours' instruction in Hebrew by Mr. Gerson B. Levi, of Philadelphia.

THE JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA Office, 1015 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Organized June 3, 1888, in Philadelphia, and incorporated Feb- ruary 1, 1896. The object of the Society is stated in the charter as follows: " The said corporation is formed for the support of a benevolent educational undertaking, namely, for the publication and dissemination of literary, scientific and religious works, giving instruction in the principles of the Jewish religion, which are to be distributed among the members of the corporation, and to such other persons and institutions as may use the same in the promotion of benevolent educational work." The following publications have been issued: Outlines of Jewish History, by Lady Magnus. Think and Thank, by S. W. Cooper. History of the Jews, by Prof. H. Graetz; 5 volumes and an Index volume. Rabbi and Priest, by Milton Goldsmith. The Persecution of the Jews in Russia (Special Series No. 1). Voegele's Marriage and Other Tales, by Louis Schnabel (Spe- cial Series No. 2). Children of the Ghetto, by I. Zangwill. Some Jewish Women, by Henry Zirndorf. THE JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 135

Sabbath Hours, by Liebman Adler. Papers of the Jewish Women's Congress, Chicago, 1893. Old European Jewries, by David Philipson. Jewish Literature and Other Essays, by Gustav Karpeles. The Talmud, by Emanuel Deutsch (Special Series No. 3). Readings and Eecitations, compiled by Isabel Cohen. Studies in Judaism, by S. Schechter. Jewish Life in the Middle Ages, by Israel Abrahams. In the Pale, by Henry Iliowizi. Proceedings of the First Convention of the National Council of Jewish Women, New York, 1896. The Talmud, by Arsene Darmesteter, translated by Henrietta Szold (Special Series No. 4). A Sketch of Jewish History, by Gustav Karpeles (Special Series No. 5). Dreamers of the Ghetto, by I. Zangwill. Jewish Services in Synagogue and Home, by Lewis N. Dembitz. Lost Prince Almon, by Louis Pendleton. Chapters on Jewish Literature, by Israel Abrahams. American Jewish Year Book, 5660 (1899-1900), edited by Cyrus Adler. They that Walk in Darkness, by I. Zangwill. Under the Eagle's Wing, by Sara Miller. The Ethics of Judaism, by M. Lazarus, Ph. D., translated by Henrietta Szold. The average annual income of the Society is $17,000. The officers are as follows: President, Morris Newburger, Philadelphia; Vice-President, Dr. Henry M. Leipziger, New York; Second Vice-President, Her- man S. Friedman, Philadelphia; Treasurer, Morris Dannenbaum, Philadelphia; Secretary, Dr. Lewis W. Steinbach, Philadelphia; Assistant Secretary, Dr. Charles S. Bernheimer, Philadelphia. Trustees: Dr. Cyrus Adler,2 Washington, D. C; Solomon Blumenthal,3 Philadelphia; Benjamin W. Fleisher, Jr.,1 Phila- delphia; Herman S. Friedman,3 Philadelphia; Daniel Guggen- heim,1 New York; Daniel P. Hays," New York; Ephraim Lederer,1 Philadelphia; Dr. Henry M. Leipziger,2 New York; Daniel Merz,2 Philadelphia; Simon Miller,1 Philadelphia; Morris Newburger,2 Philadelphia; Seligman J. Strauss,3 Wilkes-Barre, Pa.; Hon. Mayer Sulzberger,2 Philadelphia; Benjamin F. Teller,3 Phila- delphia; Harris Weinstock,1 Sacramento. Honorary Vice-Presidents: Isaac W. Bernheim,3 Louisville; Marcus Bernheimer,2 St. Louis; Eev. Henry Cohen,2 Galveston, Tex.; Dr. Aaron Friedenwald,2 Baltimore; Jacob Haas,1 Atlanta; Mrs. Jacob H. Hecht,3 Boston; Rev. Dr. Max Heller,1 New Or-

1 Term expires m 1801. a Term expires in 1H02. 3 Term expires in 1903, 136 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK leans; Hon. Joseph Hirsh,8 Vicksburg1, Miss.; Miss Ella Jacobs,1 Philadelphia; Hon. Simon W. Rosendnle,1 Albany, N. Y.; Alfred Seasongood,2 Cincinnati; Mrs. Henry Solomon,8 Chicago; Rev. Dr. Joseph Stolz,1 Chicago; Rev. Dr. Jacob Voorsanger,2 San Francisco; Hon. Simon Wolf,3 Washington, D. C. Publication Committee: Chairman, Hon. Mayer Snlzberger, Philadelphia; Dr. Cyrus Adler, Washington, D. C; David W. Amram, Philadelphia; Rev. Dr. Henry Berkowitz, Philadelphia; Dr. S. Solis-Cohen, Philadelphia; Rev. Dr. B. Felsenthal, Chi- cago; Dr. Herbert Friedenwald, Washington, D. C; Dr. Charles Gross, Cambridge, Mass.; Rev. Dr. M. Jastrow, Philadelphia; Rev. Dr. Max Landsberg, Rochester, IS". Y.; Dr. Henry M. Leip- ziger, New York; Rev. Dr. "David Philipson, Cincinnati; Rev. Dr. Samuel Sale, St. Louis; Simon A. Stern, Philadelphia; Hon. Oscar S. Straus, New York. Secretary to the Publication Committee, Miss Henrietta Szold, Baltimore. The Board of Trustees meets on the third Wednesday evening of January, March, June and October. The Publication Committee meets on the first Sunday evening of January, February, March, October, November and December. See Report of the Twelfth Year at the end of this book.

JEWISH THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY ASSOCIATION 736 Lexington Avenue, New York City. Founded May 9, 1886, by a special act of the legislature, with full power to confer degrees. The purpose of this Association being the preservation in America of the knowledge and practice of historical Judaism, as ordained in the Law of Moses (Itl'TO min), and expounded by the prophets (D'XU)) and sages (0*0311) of Israel in Biblical and Talmudical writings, it proposes in furtherance of its general aims, the following specific objects: 1. The establishment and maintenance of a Jewish Theological Seminary for the training of rabbis and teachers. 2. The attainment of such cognate purposes as may upon occasion be deemed appropriate. President, Hon. Joseph Blumenthal, New York City; Vice- President, Dr. A. Friedenwald, Baltimore; Treasurer, A. R. Altmayer, New York; Secretary, Percival S. Menken, Ph.D., LL. B., New York. Board of Trustees: Louis Ash, New York; Max Cohen, New York; Dr. S. Solis-Cohen, Philadelphia; Newman Cowen, New York; Wm. Gerstley, Philadelphia; Daniel P. Hays, New York; 1 Term expires in l!)01. • Term expires in VMl. 3 Term expires in 1903. NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF JEWISH CHARITIES 137

Nathan Hirsch, New York; S. M. Hyneman, Philadelphia; Samuel Josephs, New York; S. W. Korn, New York; L. Napoleon Levy, New York; Moses Ottinger, New York; S. M. Boeder, New York; Edward L. Rothschild, Philadelphia; Jacob Singer, Philadelphia; Hon. A. S. Solomons, New York; Jonas Weil, New York. Board meeting monthly. Organization meets biennially, in March. Annual income, about $8000. Members, 420, and 22 congregations paying annual contribu- tions. Branch Organizations: Philadelphia Branch, President, Edward L. Rothschild; Secretary, Ephraim Lederer. Baltimore Branch, President, Dr. Aaron Friedenwald. Syracuse Branch, President, I. Schriber; Secretary, Dr. I. H. Levy. Montreal Branch, Presi- dent, Moses Vineberg; Secretary, Rev. Bernard M. Kaplan. Faculty: Rabbinica, Rev. Dr. D. Davidson; Shulchan Aruch, Rev. Dr. M. Maisner; Jewish History, Rev. Dr. H. Pereira Mendes; Biblical Archaeology, Cyrus Adler, Ph. D. Preceptors: Bible and Hebrew Grammar, Kev. Dr. B. Drach- man; Mishna and Gemara, Professor A. J. Joffe; Hebrew Com- position, Moses Khazon. Graduates, 10, and about 30 students in the various classes. Publications (attached to the Biennial Reports): The Jew in Italy, by Sabato Morais (1390). Studies in Yemen-Hebrew Literature, Part I: " Manzur Al- Dhmari's Hebrew-Arabic Philosophical Commentary on the Pen- tateuch," by Alexander Kohut, D. D., Ph. D. (1892). Studies in Yemen-Hebrew Literature, Part II: " Nathanel ben Yeshaya's ' Light of Shade and Lamps of Wisdom ' (Hebrew- Arabic Homilies)," described, annotated and abstracted by Alex- ander Kohut, D. D., Ph. D. (1894). Samuel David Luzzatto's Prolegomena to a Grammar of the Hebrew Language, translated and annotated by Sabato Morais, LL. D. (1896). Sabato Morais: A Memoir, by Henry S. Morais (1898). Bachya, The Jewish Thomas a Kempis, by Joseph Herman Hertz (1898).

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF JEWISH CHARITIES IN THE UNITED STATES Founded December 1, 1899. President, Max Senior, Cincinnati; Vice-Presidents, Mrs. S. Pisko, Denver, and I. S. Isaacs, New York; Secretary, Miss Hannah Marks, TIJ1 W. 6th, Cincinnati, Ohio. Executive Committee: Max Senior, Cincinnati; Mrs. S. Pisko, Denver; I. S. Isaacs, New York; Max Herzberg, Philadelphia; Dr. 138 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

I. L. Leucht, New Orleans; Dr. H. J. Messing, St. Louis; Julian Mack, Chicago; Meyer H. Levy, San Francisco. Members, the following 38 constituent Jewish Relief Organi- zations: Hebrew Benevolent Society, Albany, N. Y.; Hebrew Benevolent Society, Atlanta, Ga.; Hebrew Benevolent Society, Baltimore, Md.; Hebrew Benevolent Society, Boston, Mass.; Hebrew Board of Charities, Buffalo, N. Y.; Hebrew Benevolent Society, Charleston, S. C; United Hebrew Charities, Chicago, 111.; United Jewish Charities, Cincinnati, Ohio; Hebrew Relief As- sociation, Cleveland, Ohio; Hebrew Benevolent Society, Dallas, Texas; Jewish Charity Association, Denver, Colo.; United Jewish Charities, Detroit, Mich.; Hebrew Benevolent Society, Galveston, Texas; House of Israel Relief Society, Hot Springs, Ark.; Hebrew Ladies' Benevolent Society, Indianapolis, Ind.; Jewish Charity Association, Kansas City, Mo.; Hebrew Benevolent Society, Little Rock, Ark.; Hebrew Benevolent Society, Los Angeles, Cal.; United Hebrew Relief, Louisville, Ky.; United Hebrew Relief, Memphis, Tenn.; Hebrew Relief Association, Milwaukee, Wis.; Hebrew Benevolent Society, Mobile, Ala.; United Hebrew Charities, Mont- gomery, Ala.; Hebrew Relief Society, Nashville, Tenn.; Hebrew Benevolent Society, New Haven, Conn.; Touro Infirmary Associa- tion, New Orleans, La.; United Hebrew Charities, New York; United Hebrew Charities, Philadelphia, Pa.; United Hebrew Re- lief, Pittsburg, Pa.; Ladies' Hebrew Benevolent Society, Rich- mond, Va,; United Jewish Charities, Rochester, N. Y.; Jewish Ladies' Benevolent Society, St. Joseph, Mo.; United Jewish Chari- ties, St. Louis, Mo.; Ladies' Hebrew Relief Society, St. Paul, Minn.; Jewish Relief Society, Salt Lake City, Utah; Eureka Benevolent Society, San Francisco, Cal.; Ladies' Hebrew Benevo- lent Society, Savannah, Ga.; United Hebrew Charities, Washing- ton, D. C. Income of last fiscal year, $352. Meets biennially in May. Last meeting June 11, 12, 13, 1900. The objects of this association are to discuss the problems of charity and to promote reforms in their administration; to provide uniformity of action and co-operation in all matters per- taining to the relief and betterment of the Jewish poor of the United States, without, however, interfering in any manner with the local work of any constituent society. The work outlined for the near future is: to regulate the evil in the transportation of transients from one community to another; to bring about uniform and remedial action in the cases of family desertion; to consider the alarming increase of pulmonary consumption among the dependent classes, and to inaugurate, if possible, a national organization, to take efficient action to restrain the spread of this disease by the establish- NATIONAL FARM SCHOOL 139 ment of a sanatorium or sanatoria in sections of the country- best adapted to the cure of tuberculosis. At the meeting in June, 1900, papers were read by Professor Morris Loeb, New York, " Federation vs. Consolidation of Jewish Charities in a City "; Dr. M. Reitzenstein, New York, " Relations of Bad Housing and Poverty "; Morris Goldstein, Cincinnati, " Causes of Poverty and the Remedial Effects of Organized Charity"; Dr. Lee K. Frankel, New York, " Tuberculosis as affecting Jewish Charities "; Dr. C. R. Henderson, Chicago,* "Co-operation between Public and Private Charities"; Rev. Dr. Emil G. Hirsch, Chicago, " The Place of the Individual in Mod- ern Philanthropy "; Rev. Dr. E. Calisch, Richmond, " The Prob- lems of Jewish Charities in the Smaller Cities "; Mrs. S. Pisko, Denver, "Progress in Jewish Charity"; Miss Minnie F. Low, Rev. Dr. Emil G. Hirsch, Miss Hannah Marks and Dr. Lee K. Frankel, on various aspects of Frieudly Visiting. The reports of the following committees were discussed: On Transportation; on Desertions; on Friendly Visiting; on Uniform Records and Statistics. The following action was taken: It was agreed to return a " transient " to the city of his permanent residence, at the expense of the latter; a telegraphic code was adopted; Home Bureaus for Dependent Children and Loan Associations were referred to special committees; the card envelope method of registry and a record of the cause of poverty and the relief afforded were recommended; uniformity in the preparation and printing of annual reports, as well as the establishment of a library of sociological and charity literature was suggested.

NATIONAL FARM SCHOOL Doylestown, Pa. Incorporated April 10, 1896. President, Rev. Dr. Joseph Krauskopf; Vice-President, Ralph Blum; Treasurer, Frank H. Bachman; Secretary, Harry C. Hoch- stadter, 925 Chestnut, Philadelphia, Pa. Directors: Ralph Blum, Adolph Grant, James L. Branson, Adolph Eiehholz, Herman Jonas, Morris A. Kaufmann, Joseph Krauskopf, M. H. Lichten, Samuel D. Lit, Howard A. Loeb, M. M. Newman, Arthur Rosenberg, Ely K. Selig, Isaac H. Silverman, Benj. F. Teller. Auxiliary National Board: H. Weinstock, Sacramento, Cal.; Solomon Holzman, Denver, Colo.; S. Landauer, Atlanta, Ga.; Leon Mandel, Chicago^ 111.; Abe Weiler, Indianapolis, Ind.; David Rothschild, Davenport, Iowa; Bernard Flesher, Leavenworth, Kan.; Bernard Bernheim, Louisville, Ky.; Isidor Hernsheim, 140 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

New Orleans, La.; Dr. S. L. Frank, Baltimore, Md.; Godfrey Morse, Esq., Boston, Mass.; S61. Block, Kansas City, Mo.; Henry Frank, Natchez, Miss.; B. Seligman, Santa Fe, New Mexico; Nathan Straus, New York, N. Y.; Benj. Fritz, Cincinnati, O.; Benj. Selling, Portland, Ore.; A. Leo Weil, Esq., Pittsburgh Pa.; Josef Koorts, Nashville, Tenn.; Philip Sander, Dallas, Tex.; Simon Bamberger, Salt Lake City, Utah; Sol. Binswanger, Rich- mond, Va.; L. L. Tabor, Milwaukee, Wis.; B. A. Boas, Esq., Montreal, Canada: Jacob Ulman, Esq., New Haven, Conn. Executive Committee: Rev. Dr. Joseph Krauskopf, M. Kauf- mann, Adolph Grant, J. L. Branson, Ralph Blum, Adolph Eich- holz, Esq. (Chairman). Members, 97M. Income of last fiscal year, $13,383.82. Object: The training of capable lads for practical and scientific agricultural careers, and fitting them as superintendents of agricultural colonies, to be organized from, among the un- employed or debilitated poor of the over-crowded cities. The National Farm School is situated on a farm of 122 acres of tillable land and several acres of timber land. It is stocked with thoroughbred and grade stock. Improved tools and implements are used. A farm dairy is operated almost entirely by the students. On the grounds are a vegetable and truck garden, orchard, nursery grounds and greenhouses. The main building is fitted up with dormitory and class-rooms, laboratory, reception-room and offices. Some of the other buildings are a laboratory, synagogue, poultry-houses, stables, dairy, carriage-house. The course of studies, covering a period of four years, em- braces: 1. Algebra, English, bookkeeping, drawing, geometry, botany, physics, elocution, history, chemistry, physiology, civics, rhetoric, biology, geology, zoology, literature; 2. Agriculture, live stock, soils and soil management, hygiene of farm animals, horticulture, dairying, economic entomology, vegetable gardening, small fruit culture, stock feeding, agricultural chemistry, breeds and breeding, agricultural bacteriology, comparative anatomy, horticulture, veterinary science, agricultural physics, agricultural economics, field crops and farm management. Faculty: Ernest E. Faville, M. S. A.. Dean, Professor of Agri- culture and Horticulture; Raymond B. Eckles, B. S. A., Assistant Professor of Agriculture, Superintendent of Farm; Charles C. Jackson, B. Sc, Professor of History and Mathematics; Willis T. Pope, Assistant Professor of Horticulture, Superintendent of the Grounds; W. G. Benner, V. S., Professor of Veterinary Science and Farm Hygiene; Frank Swartzlander, Jr., M. D., Professor of Physiology. ORDER BRITH ABRAHAM

Applicants must be between 15 and 19 years of age, and be prepared to pass an entrance examination equivalent to that for a high school. A limited number of pay students are accepted at an annual charge of $200. There are 3 scholarships of $200 each. At present there are 23 pupils.

ORDER BRITH ABRAHAM UNITED STATES GRAND LODGE Headquarters: Florence Building, Second Av. and First St., New York City. Founded June 12, 1859. Grand Master, Samuel Dorf (116), Florence Building, New York City; 1st Deputy Grand Master, Robert Strahl (36), 333 Humboldt, Brooklyn, N. Y.; 2d Deputy Grand Master, Anson Stern (45), 23 Pemberton Square, Boston, Mass.; Grand Secre- tary, Leonard Leisersohn (84), Florence Building, New York; Grand Treasurer, Samuel Wolf (5), 153 Division Av., Brooklyn, N. Y.; Chairman Committee on Finance, Morris Blostein (9), 241 Monroe, New York City; Chairman Committee on Laws, Gutman Klein (19), 346 South, Philadelphia, Pa.; Chairman Committee on Cemetery, Moritz Kobsa (66), 348 E. 85th, New York City; Chair- man Committee on Appeals', Geo. Pollock (97), 210 N. Howard, Baltimore, Md.; Chairman Committee on Endowment, Nathan Phillips (20), 198 Clinton, New York City; Treasurer of Com- mittee on Endowment, Abr. J. Dworsky (164), 239 E. 60th, New York City; Secretary Committee on Endowment, Mayer Stern- bersr (2), 248 Roebling, Brooklyn, N. Y. Members: Male, 17,535; female, 1364; total, 18,899. Lodges, 253. Income of last fiscal year, $135,700. Next meeting takes place March or April, 1901, Chicago, 111.

LODGES (Lodges marked with * employ the English language; those marked with t are women's lodges.)

CALIFORNIA SAN FKANCISCO ^California (16G), 120 O'Farrell; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Rnd. S. Roberts, 24 Morris Av. Oolden Gate (208), 120 O'Farrell; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, B. Hertzberg, 28 Folsom. 142 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

COLORADO DENVER *Queen City (113), 1449 Larimer; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, B. L. Shuman, 1948 Larimer. *Isaac Salomon (140), 1536 Larimer; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Chas. Lazarus, 1118 22d.

CONNECTICUT MEEIDEN Meriden City (246), Congregation Hall; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Abr. Freeda, Wallingford, Conn. MIDDLETOWN Adath Israel (257), William St.; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Henry Battallin, 582 Main. NEW BRITAIN *New Britain City (124), Hannas Hall, Main St.; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Isaac Cohen, Willow and North. NEW HAVEN New Haven (21), 95 Crown; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Sec- retary, M. Mendelsohn, 470 Congress Av. *Connecticut (189), 119 Court; 2d and 4th Sunday, 3.30 p. m.; Secretary, B. Lipschitz, 854 Grand Av. Hersckman (249), Congregation Hall; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Moses Kopelowitz, 52 Oak. \Glara De Eirsch (37), 781 Chappel; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, M. Mendelsohn, 470 Congress Av. NORWICH Norwich City (62), 15 Main; 2d and 4th Sunday, 10.30 a.m.; Secretary, Moses Haymon, 133 Sherman. SOUTH NORWALK *8outh Norwalk (185), 100 Washington; 4th Sunday, S p.m.; Secretary, Philip Nygood, 26 Day. WATERBURT *Waterbury City (105), 135 E. Main; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, M. S. Neiman, 412 N. Main. Brass City (240), 107 Bank; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Sec- retary, H. M. Oseransky, 77 y2 Kingsbury. Gladstone (241), 87 Bank; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secre- tary, Moses Segal, 30 N. Elm. ORDER BRITH ABRAHAM 143

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA WASHINGTON *Washington City (151), 904 Pennsylvania Av., N. W.; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, M. Ulhnan, 907 6th, S. W. GEORGIA ATLANTA Kadislw, (216), 102y2 Decatur; 1st and 3d Sunday, 2 p. m.; Secretary, Jacob Spielberger, 43 Cortland Av. MACON Central City (273), Odd Fellows' Hall; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Bernard Goldgar. ILLINOIS CHICAGO *BabU Nathan Atitter (54), 505 S. Union; 1st and 3d Saturday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Charles Bonus, care of Station " L." Chicago Jecheskel (76), 185 W. 14th; 2d and 4th Saturday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Abraham Kalisch, 523 S. Canal. *Star of the West (81), 208 La Salle; 1st and 3d Sunday, 3 p. m.; Secretary, Sol. Wolff, 558 N. Hoyne Av. Charity (85), 599 Milwaukee Av.; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Kalman Gross, 136 Potomac Av. White City (131), Skalas Hall, 175 W. 12th; 2d and 4th Satur- day, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Mayer Landsman, 125 Dearborn. Netter (156), 539 S. Jefferson; 2d and 4th Saturday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Ben. Benjamin, 125 W. 14th Place. *New Era (161), 32 Emma; 2d and 4th Saturday, 8 p. m.; Sec- retary, B. S. Flicht, 399 N. Hoyne. *Meyer David (163), 539 S. Jefferson; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, M. Kadansky, 199 Forquer. Illinois (165), 175 W. 12th; 2d and 4th Saturday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Joseph Clonick, 262 Maxwell. Congress (171), 490 S. Union; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, L. Schneider, 261 W. Madison. *Bne Ephraim (172), 525 S. Jefferson; 2d and 4th Saturday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, A. Shapiro, 525 W. 12th. *Malbim (178), 183 W. 14th; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secre- tary, J. S. Mehlman, 261 W. 14th. *Beaconsfield (179), 490 S. Union; 2d and 4th Saturday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, B. Wittenberg, 48 Johnson. 144 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

CHICAGO (continued) *Prophet Samuel (190), Union and Liberty; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Chas. Benjamin, 526 S. Morgan. •^Oriental (193), 50") S. Union; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Sec- retary, Sam. Clamitz, 203 W. 14th. '•''Golden Eagle (196), Hooran's Hall, Halsted and Harrison; 2d and 4th Saturday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, I. J. Schlessinger, 780 N. Leavitt. '''Pride of Chicago (220), 195 Maxwell; 1st and 3d Saturday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Max Long, 161 W. 12th. Bne Israel (227), 157 Maxwell; 1st and 3d Saturday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, M. Weinreis, 234 Maxwell. Marcus (235), Union and Liberty; 1st and 3d Saturday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Rudolf Brown, 383 W. 12th. Zedebaimi (238), 300 Blue Island Av.; 1st and 3d Saturday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, M. Festenstein, 9 Frank. Home (242), 256 Blue Island Av.; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Chas. Benjamin, 526 S. Morgan. Progressive (252), 490 S. Union; every 3d Sunday, 8 p. m.; Sec- retary, Chas. Bonus, Douglas Park Station P. O. Admiral Sampson (255), Porges Hall, Maxwell St.; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Jacob Berenstein, 431 S. Union. Jehuda Maccabee (262), Uhlhous Hall; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Louis J. Montowitz, 6032 Elizabeth. Cook County (266), 14th and Union; 2d and 4th Saturday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, A. Torchinsky, 52 O'Brien. Chicago City (267), Porges Hall, Maxwell St.; 1st and 3d Saturday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, H. Tatarsky, 215 W. 12th. Morning Star (268), Porges Hall, Maxwell St.; 1st and 3d Saturday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Joseph Fischer, 392% S. Clark. New Century (269), 14th and Jefferson; 1st and 3d Monday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Louis Abrahams, 135 Johnson. \Martlm Washington (20), Brodie's Hall, 539 S. Jefferson; 1st and 3d Thursday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Sam. Clamitz, 203 W. 14th. tLadies of Illinois (31), Union and Liberty; 2d and 4th Monday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Chas. Benjamin, 526 S. Morgan. •\Pride of the Ladies (41), Union and Liberty; 1st and 3d Wednesday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Sam'l U. Lavick, 120 Johnson. ORDER BRITH ABRAHAM 145

PEOBIA Peoria City (138), Observatory Building; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Abr. Jacobson, 53G-.337 Woolner Build- ing-. •\Peoria Ladies (41), Woolner Building; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Mrs. Bertha Iiorwitz, 1311 S. Adams. INDIANA INDIANAPOLIS Rev. Dr. Messing (137), 18y2 S. Delaware; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Fabian Cohn, 418 N. Pine. Hungarian True Brothers (204), Iron Hall; 2d Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Joseph YVinkler, i'.Y.J, E. Washington. *Indianapolis (230), Iron Hall Building; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, D. Erdman, 620 E. Market. ^Daughters of Israel (21), Iron Hall Building; 2d and 4th Sun- day, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Fabian Cohn, 418 N. Pine. LAFAYETTE *Lafayette Salzman (211), Main and 9th; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Louis Salzman, 63 E. Main. IOWA CHESTERFIELD *Des Moines (159), O. U. A. M. Hall, E. 5th; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, J. A. Soodhalter. KENTUCKY LOUISVILLE *NatlMn Bloom (90), Y. M. H. A. Hall; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Hyman L. Goldstein, 447 E. Jefferson. MAINE LBWISTON *Pride of Maine (202), 51 Lisbon; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, N. Markson, 28 Chestnut. PORTLAND Portland City (271), 120 Lake; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Benjamin Markson, 147 W. Water. MARYLAND BALTIMORE Rigur (83), 1011 E. Baltimore; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Shai Albert, 914 E. Pratt. 10 146 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

BALTIMORE (continued) *King Solomon (97). 1011 E. Baltimore; 1st and 3d Sunday, 2 p. m.; Secretary, Dr. M. Shirroan, 655 W. Lexington. ^Baltimore City (116), Elks' Hall, 500 E. Fayette; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Isidore Mannes, 861 N. Howard. Samuel Dorf (160), 634 W. Baltimore; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Wm. Statter, 1118 E. Lombard. *Beacan Light (186), 630 W. Baltimore; 2d and 4th Tuesday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, D. Mayerson, 1817 Pennsylvania Av. George Pollock (243), 1017 E. Baltimore; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Wm. Shapiro, 28 S. Greene. •\Eoenigin Esther (9), 1011 E. Baltimore; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Isidore Mannes, 861 N. Howard. MASSACHUSETTS BOSTON *Unity (45), 1125 Washington; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Morris Jacobs, 50 Rutland Square. Pride of Boston (48), 149 Stamford; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, M. L. Silberstein, 238 Hanover. Commonwealth (50), 133 Blackstone; every 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Julius Hirsh, 102 E. Brookline. *Golden Crown (57), 24 Hayward Place; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Joseph Rosenberg, 83 Albion. Israel (154), 133 Blackstone; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Josiah Wise, 111 Union Park. *Purity of Boston (173), 188 Hanover; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, B. Braensky, 23 Prospect. *Ahamth Achim (174), 53 Hanover; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, D. Chertok, 137 Brighton. *Pride of Massachusetts (181), 193 Hanover; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Carol Greenberg, 74 Brighton. *Bay State (215), 193 Hanover; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, B. L. Goldstein, 27 Wall. *Wilhelm E. Russel (223), 53 Hanover; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Henry Craft, 38 Poplar. *WinnlHmmet (224), 120 Winnisimmet; 2d and 4th Sunday, 6 p. m.; Secretary, Jacob Harris, 39 Chelsea. South End Boston (226), 12 Kneeland; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Leon J. Barwood, 136 Dover. Eli Goan (234), Pay tin Hall, 32 Central Square; 2d and 4th Sunday, 2 p.m.; Secretary, Harry Skirboll, 100 Federal. ORDER BRITH ABRAHAM 147

BOSTON (continued) Crown of Massachusetts (245), 1125 Washington; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Simon Levy, 8 Oneida. Prospect (253), 14 Broadway Ext.; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Jos. Rosenberg, 21 Albion. *\Bneith Miriam (18), 164 Hanover; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, D. Shapiro, 15 Pay. •\Bneith Racliel (25), 120 Winnisimmet; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Harry Skirboll, 100 Federal. •\Evct, (35), 1125 Washington; 1st and 3d Sunday afternoon; Secretary, Herman Bernstein, 13 Laconia. CHELSEA Paul Revere (168), Pilgrim Hall, Hawthorne and Broadway; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Max Berman, 2 Miller. *~Forward (233), 120 Winnisimmet; every Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Wolf Arbeiter, 10 Elm. FALL RIVER Harmony (106), Troy Building, 40 2d; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Benj. Shagom, 292 Pleasant. HOLYOKE Paper City (203), 437 High; last Sunday, 3 p.m.; Secretary, Sam. Berge, 383 Park. LAWRENCE *Lawrence City (225), 503 Common; 1st and 3d Sunday, 2 p. m.; Secretary, S. Kaufman, 142 Hampshire. SPRINGFIELD *8pringfield, Massachusetts (195), 100 Worthington; 2d and 4th Sunday, 5 p.m.; Secretary, Benj. Albert, 60 Sharon. WORCESTER Worcester (212), 98 Front; 1st and 3d Sunday, S p. m.; Secre- tary, Paul Scharager, 65 Waverly. Bne Joseph (275), 98 Front; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m,; Secre- tary, Simon Wolpert, 72 Water. MICHIGAN DETROIT ^Michigan (111), 58 Catharine; alternate Sundays, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Louis Thorner, 307 Antoine. EMPIRE ^Traverse City (139), Traverse, Mich.; 2d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Sec- retary, Isaac Frazer. 148 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

MINNESOTA DULUTH *Duhith City (133), Kalamazoo Block; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Michael Rockier, 232 W. 2d. MINNEAPOLIS Minneapolis City (63), Congregation Kneseth Israel Hall; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, J. Gould, 1215 Girard Av., N. *Flonr City (119), 12 N. Washington Av.; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Abr. N. Berman, 1111 Bryant Av., N. *Hcnnrpin County (175), 36 6th; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Lazar Schwartz, 827 S. Wash Av. Edmund Rothschild (263), Congregation Kneseth Israel Hall; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Max S. Hirsch- field, 805 Plymouth Av., N. iBaroness Hirxrh (33), 34 6th, S.; 4th Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secre- tary, Mrs. Emilie Bhimberg, 2 Forrest Court. ST. PAUL *St Paul Capitol (93), 53 W. 7th; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Sam Shedorsky, 117 Shertrarne Av. MISSOURI KANSAS CITY Koenig David (86), 915 Walnut; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, M. Englander, 1016 N. 5th. *Kansas City (180), 816 Walnut; 4th Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secre- tary, Leopold Adler, 1015 E. 15th. ST. JOSEPH *St. Joseph City (197), 6th and Edmonds; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Jacob Rosenthal, 307 S. 6th. ST. LOUIS St. Louis Israel (46), 1030 Franklin Av.; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, M. H. Horowitz, 816 N. 8th. Rodof Sholotn (53), Fraternal Building; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Jos. Berger, 1109 N. 11th. *Pride of the West (56), Harug-ari Hall; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Felix Lehbold, 618 S. 2d. *CriimicuT (02), Fraternal Building; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, M. Feldman, 1414 Biddle. *B. Burenstcin (96), 1030 Franklin Av.; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Sam. Schwartzberg, 806 N. 9th. ORDER BRITH ABRAHAM 149

ST. LOUIS (continued) Rabin Itz. Elchonon (132), 1025 Franklin Av.; 1st and 3d Sun- day, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Joseph Flacks, 1217 N. 11th. ^Western Pride (136), Lightstone's Hall; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Joseph Lehr, 716 Carr. Friendship (169), 801 Franklin Av.; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, E. Liebreich, 810 Franklin Av. *Ohav Shalom (170), 3 Fraternal Building; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, H. Hirsch, 2003 N. 15th. *t»S£. Louis Ladies' (5), Fraternal Building; every 1st Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Mrs. Pauline Schwartzberg, 806 N. 9th. NEBRASKA' OMAHA ^Nebraska State (144), 17th and Douglass; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, I. Demoratzky, 1317 Davenport. NEW HAMPSHIRE MANCHESTEB Manchester City (264), 335 Pine; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, J. Rosenberg, 2S1 Auburn. NEW JERSEY BAYONNE CITY Progress (1S4), 2.54 Broome; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Sec- retary, H. J. Pimstein, 66 W. 20th. NEWAKK New Jersey (38), 1 Broome; Monday, S p.m.; Secretary, Henry Rosner, 32 Boyd. *Ncwark City (50), 828 Broad; 2d and 4th Sunday, S p.m.; Secretary, Adolph S. Daus, 44 Nelson Place. *Union (61), 94 Market; 2d and 4th Sunday, 2 p. m.; Secretary, I. Harris, 13 Murray. Essex County (82), 214 Court; alternate Sundays, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Jos. Feldman, si Mercer. Jesse Seligman (162), 224 Court; 2d Thursday, 8 p.m.; Secre- tary, Emil Herman, 7 N. 3d. PATERSON Paterson City (102), Fair and Washington; 1st and 3d Sunday. 8 p.m.; Secretary, Michael Harris, 07 Paterson Av. *Barncrt (158), 167 Market; 2d and 4th Sunday, 2 p. in.; Secre- tary, Rob. Hammel, 92 Market. 150 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

NEW YORK ALBANY *A76(/«// City (30), No. 4 Beaver Block; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Henry Heyman, 45 Jefferson. *-\Ruth (24), Beaver Block; 2d and 4th Wednesday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Miss Rose Heyman, 45 Jefferson. BlNGHAltTON Parlor City (270), Hebrew Hall; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Israel M. Cohen, 215 Chenango. BROOKLYN Moses (5), Florence Building; 1st and 3d Saturday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Sam Wolff, 153 Division Av. Kingsbnrg (36), corner Leonard and Scholes; 1st and 3d Sun- day, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Henry Aron, 40 Bartlett. Brooklyn City (118), 14 Graham Av. (P. O. Building), 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Bernard Leopold, 28 Dia- mond. Long Island (232), 98 Graham Av.; 2d and 4th Tuesday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Max Haas, 806 Flushing Av. King's County (258), 153 Pierpont; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Abr. J. Friedman, 237 Smith. Sons of Abraham (265), Thatford Av., Synagogue; 2d and 4th Saturday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Aaron Weiner, 244 Watkins. American Hebrews (274), Dumont and Osborn; 1st and 3d Saturday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Wolf Shapiro, 473-475 Wat- kins. tJohanna Meseritz (10), 52 Tomkins Av.; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Mrs. Emma Gradenwitz, 974 Myrtle Av. BUFFALO *Pinclias (79), 463 Michigan; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p.m.; Sec- retary, Sam May, 12 Union. * Niagara (14S), 272 Broadway; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, J. Estry, 607 Jefferson. •\Lady Washington (39), Michigan and William; 1st and 3d Sun- day, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Leah Kempner, 306 N. Division. ELMIKA Elmira City (272), 439 Congress; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Mark Lewine, 16 Federal. MT. VEENON Westchester County (250), 125 S. Railroad Av.; 2d and 4th Sun- day, S p.m.; Secretary, Sam'l L. Gottlieb, 403 W. Lincoln Av. ORDER BRITH ABRAHAM 151

NEW YORK Abraham (1), 254 Broome; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secre- tary, Samuel Namm, 230 Eldridg-e. Don Abarlanel (2), 209 E. Broadway; 2d and 4th Sunday, S p.m.; Secretary, M. B. Kramer, 439 Grand. Arjeh (3), 254 Broome; 2d and 4th Saturday, 8 p.m.; Secre- tary, Louis Weill, 220 E. 107th. Baruch de Spinoza (4), 209 E. Broadway; 2d and 4th Saturday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Sam. Levinson, 414 E. 6th. Ellas Aaron (7), 131 Allen; 1st and 3d Wednesday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Julius Kramer, 49 Clinton Place. Benjamin Harrison (9), 209 E. Broadway; 1st and 3d Saturday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, M. Blostein, 241 Monroe. Kaiser Friederich (10), 630 E. 5th; 1st and 3d Sunday, 1 p.m.; Secretary, Jul. Goldschmidt, 183 Chrystie. True Friends (14), 234 Broome, 2d and 4th Monday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Sam. Morris, 2089 Second Av. Jehudah (15), 106 Forsyth; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secre- tary, M. Dunkelman, 635 E. 6th. *New York (16), 209 E. Broadway; 2d and 4th Tuesday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, M. B. Kramer, 439 Grand. Elieser (17), 73 Ludlow; 2d and 4th Monday, 8 p.m.; Secre- tary, Sol. Stoeger, 238 Rivington. Mount Sinai (18), 77 Essex; 1st and 3d Thursday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Joseph Herman, 251 Eldridge. Benjamin (20), 236 Broome; 2d and 4th Monday, 8 p. m.; Sec- retary, B. Cohn, 118 E. 110th. Manhattan (22), 200 E. Broadway; 2d and 4th Wednesday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, N. Rubin, 311 E. 105th. Reppiner (23), 142 Delancey; 1st and 3d Monday, 8 p. m.; Sec- retary, Sam. Preiss, 323 E. 75th. - Mordeoai (24), 254 Broome; 1st and 3d Tuesday, s p.m.; Secretary, Jacob Phillipps, 228 Madison. Joseph (25), 67 E. 8th; 2d and 4th Sunday, 2 p. m.; Secretary, Max Newman, care of L. Krotosky, 350 Bowery. Ascher (27), 209 E. Broadway; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, A. Cohn, 10 Cannon. Edward Lasker (28), Florence Building; 1st and 3d Saturday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Leopold Herman, 273 E. 3d. S. Rappaport (31), 209 E. Broadway; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, A. Cohn, 10 Cannon. Elchonon (33), 209 E. Broadway; 2d and 4th Saturday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, J. Phillipps, 228 Madison. 152 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

NEW YORK (continued) Tix~a Kolnuin (42), 177 E. Broadway; 1st and 3d Saturday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Sol. Goodman, 409 E. 6th. Bnai Abraham (43), 165 E. Broadway; 1st and 3d Tuesday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Jul. Kurlansky, 35 Rutgers. TYelnberg (44), 236 Broome; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Sec- retary, Herman Blau, 51 Broome. Gottlieb (51), 73 Ludlow; 2d and 4th Saturday, 8 p. m.; Sec- retary, B. Kirshenbaum, 161 Ridge. Baron Rothschild (55), 56 Orchard: 2d and 4th Tuesday, 8 p.m.; Secretary. Jos. Shiresohn, 39 Rutgers. -General Grant (58), 200 E. Broadway; 1st and 3d Wednesday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Max Lande, 409 E. 69th. Haijcr MalMm (64), 165 E. Broadway; 2d and 4th Monday, S p. m.; Secretary, Jul. Kurlansky, 35 Rutgers. Stryer (65), 125 Rivington; 2d and 4th Monday, 8 p.m.; Secre- tary, B. Kirshenbaum, 161 Ridge. Eirsh Liska (66), 257 E. Houston; 2d and 4th Saturday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Herman Goodfriend, 737 5th. Raphael (67), 200 E. Broadway; 2d and 4th Saturday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, M. B. Kramer, 439 Grand. Eben Israel (69), 130 Norfolk; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Jacob Abrahams, 318 W. 38th. Joseph, Steinman (70), 98 Forsyth; 1st and 3d Saturday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Herman Feuerlicht, 128 Cannon. Fortuna (71), 160 E. 86th; 2d and 4th Tuesday, 8 p.m.; Sec- retary, G. Gellin, 349 E. 82d. *MetropoHtan (73), 49 Henry; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m.; Sec- retary, J. Hirshberg, 231 E. 5th. Koenif! Saul (74), 77 Essex; 2d and 4th Saturday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Chas. Heimberg, 101 Forsyth. Romcncr (75), 200 E. Broadway; 1st and 3d Wednesday, S p.m.; Secretary, Sam. Namm, 230 Eldridge. Jonathan (77), 165 E. Broadway; 2d and 4th Saturday, 8 p. m..; Secretary, M. Charash, 302 E. 3d. *Har1em (84), 1915 Third Av.; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Ferdinand Brown, 1653 Madison Av. ^General Washington (88), 59 E. 4th; 2d and 4th Monday, 8 . p.m.; Secretary, Isaac Matthysse, 408 E. 75th. *Sluzcwo Elicscr (89), 106 Forsyth; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, I. Hirshberg, 514 E. 82d. Xrir Knrl under (95), 77-79 Essex; 1st and lid Wednesday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Chas. S. Hoffman, 32 St. Marks Place. ORDER BRITH ABRAHAM 153

NEW YOKK (continued) Centennial Lodge (100), 98 Forsyth; 2d and 4th Wednesday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Jacob Phillipps, 228 Madison. Palestine (10.3), 106 Forsyth; 1st and 3d Saturday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Hyman Bloom, 142 Forsyth. EUjoliu (104), 165 E. Broadway; 1st and 3d Saturday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, E. Berger, 149 Madison. TTamiltnn (107), Florence Building-; 2d and 4th Monday, S p. m.; Secretary, Max Kedziorek, 83 Allen. D. Marl;s (108), 73 I/udlow; 2d and 4th Wednesday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Julius Kurlansky, 35 Rutgers. Kaiser Franz Joseph, (127), 66 Essex; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Simon Tropp, 119 Ludlow. *Zion (134), 209 E. Broadway; 1st and 3d Monday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Isaac M. Marks, 158 E. 92d. Joseph Melsels (146), 62 Pitt; 2d and 4th Monday, S p.m.; Secretary, Sol. Blumner, 60 Cannon. Empire State (164), 209 E. Broadway; 2d and 4th Saturday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Ahr. Radin, 172 Henry. America (167), 98 Forsyth; 1st and 3d Sunday, S p.m.; Secre- tary, A. Schechwitz, 284-286 E. Houston. United Israel (182), 112 Clinton; 2d and 4th Saturday, 8 p.m.; Louis Slevin, 210 Henry. Sons of Jacob (183), 62 Pitt; 2d and 4th Monday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Isaac Lehrer, 184 Delancey. American Israelites (187), 77-79 Essex; 1st and 3d Tuesday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Abr. Shadkin, 227 Clinton. Aaron (188), 77-79' Essex; 1st and 3d Wednesday, R p.m.; Secretary, Abr. Shadkin, 227 Clinton. a. Fichtcr (192). 112 Clinton: 1st and 3d Wednesday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, S. Kleinman, 314 E. Houston. State Of Nnr Tori; (205), 145 Suffolk; 2d and 4th Wednesday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, David Trautman, 172 Stanton. Ostrolenko (206), 9 Essex; 2d and 4th Saturday, 8 p.m.; .Sec- retary, Abraham Kaufman, 227 Cherry. Fortscliritt (207), 177 E. Broadway; 1st and 3d Tuesday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Morris Silverman, 67 Henry. Sholom (214). 270 W. 12Sth; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Sec- retary, Julius Metzger, 1S2 E. 82d. -Greater New York (219), 205 54th; 2d and 4th Tuesday, S p.m.; Secretary, Adolph Freund, 432 E. 58th. 154 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

NEW YORK (continued) EUz Ohajim (222), 91 Delancey; 1st and 3d Saturday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, H. Mendelson, 102 Monroe. Kiew (237), 209 E. Broadway; 1st and 3d Monday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Abraham Shadkin, 227 Clinton. Emile Zola (239), 177 E. Broadway; 2d and 4th Tuesday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Jacob Goldfeld, 166 E. 107th. Aaron Wise (244), 338 E. Houston; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Henry Blechner, 60 Goerk. Admiral Schley (248), 180 Stanton; 1st and 3d Monday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Adolph Lehrfeld, 165 Lewis. Dr. Herzl (251), 177 E. Broadway; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Morris Markowitz, 134 Madison. ./. Isenberg (256), Florence Building; 2d and 4th Saturday, s p.m.; Secretary, Morris E. Swiss, 379 Grand. ^ Sarah (1), 236 Broome; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secre- tary, Louis Weill, 220 E. 107th. jDeborah (2), 145 Suffolk; 2d and 4th Sunday, 3 p.m.; Secre- tary, Jul. Goldschmidt, 183 Chrystie. jRebecca (3), Florence Building, Room 3; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, M. Wald, 313 E. 85th. •fLady Montefiore (14), 49 Henry; 1st and 3d Wednesday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Jul. Goldschmidt, 183 Chrystie. -{Sister Stryer (16), 80-82 Clinton; 2d and 4th Wednesday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Simon Russack, 54 Suffolk. yUnited Sisters (19), 236 Broome; 2d and 4th Tuesday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Abraham Shadkin, 227 Clinton. •\Rosa (22), Secretary, M. B. Kramer, 439 Grand. '•'•^Ladies' Centennial (23), 165 E. Broadway; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Annie Kahn, 39 Rutgers. jKaiserin Elizabeth (29), 66 Essex; 2d and 4th Saturday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Simon Tropp, 119 Ludlow. tFreda Rehfeld (36), 257 E. Houston; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Herman Goodfried, 352 E. 4th. •\Ladi,es' Fortuna (42), 86th and 3d Av.; 1st and 3d Monday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Jacob Perl, 169 E. 105th. ROCHESTER ^Rochester City (78), 113 St. Josephs; 1st and 3d Sunday,, 8 p. m. Secretary, Maurice H. Shulman, 33 Rhine. Esther (26), 113 St. Josephs; 2d and 4th Sunday, 2 p. m.; Secretary, M. H. Shulman, 33 Rhine. ORDER BRITH ABRAHAM 155

SYRACUSE *%racMse City (26), Freeman's Hall, Jefferson; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Max J. Altman, 515 E. Adams. *David (60), Harrison and Crape; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Sol. Rosenzweig1, 611 Harrison. Onondaga (259), 432 E. Jefferson; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, R. Sauber, care of Union News Company. TROY ^Alexander (34), Druid's Hall; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Win. Lippman, 51 Congress. UTICA *Oneida County (228), Odd Fellows' Temple; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Jacob M. Mendelson, 55 John. *Utica City (229), Odd Fellows' Temple; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, M. J. Goldbas, 90 Whitesboro. Fort Schuyler (254), 181 Genesee; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, J. B. Fink, 9 Charles. YONKERS *Atlantic (145), 32 Main; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, M. Summerfeld, 53 Victor. OHIO CLEVELAND Monteflore (13), 399 Ontario; Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, S. Rickman, 95 Oregon. Abraham Lincoln (52), Blahd and Heller's Hall; Wednesday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Adolph Amster, 30 Jackson. *Oscar Wiener (110), 384 Ontario; 2d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secre- tary, Simon L. Levy, 357 Woodland Av. ^Admiral Dewey (236), Forest City Hall; Tuesday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Jacob Wolf, 771 Sterling. *LaJce Erie (198), 344% Ontario; Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, S. J. Ferber, 36 Charles. •\Martha (40), 83 Ontario; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secre- tary, H. Anthony, 402 Superior. YOUNGSTOWN Bne Moses (209), E. Federal; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Emanuel Geiger, 225 E. Rayon Av. PENNSYLVANIA PHILADELPHIA *Liberiy (6), 733 S. 6th; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Geo. Kandell, 2111 Warnock. 156 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

PHILADELPHIA (continued) Pennsylvania (19), 214 Pine; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Gutman Klein, 346 South. ^Keystone (120), G16 S. 9th; 2d and 4th Thursday, 8 p.m.; Sec- retary, B. Solms, 1330 N. 6th. *J/oses Mendelsohn (147), 640 JX. Cth; 1st and 3d Monday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Max I. Sadler, 907 N. 5th. PlTTSBUBG *Hope (210), 318 Fifth Av.; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secre- tary, G. H. Oppenheim, 27 Maggee. *Iron City (217), 78-SO Fifth Av-.; 2d and 4th Sunday, 10 a. m.; Secretary, Sol. Green, 26 Fulton. *Duquesne (21S), 238 Fourth Av.; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Aaron Harter, 140 East, Allegheny, Pa. 'XjDuquesne Ladies' (28), 238 Fourth Av.; 4th Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Kaufman Ilaase, 443 Smithtiekl. •Waughters of Judah (30), Shapiro Hall; 1st Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Miss Leah Tintner, 26 Fulton. SCBANTON Scranton (47), German Odd Fellows' Hall; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, B. Lehman, 111 Lackawanna Av. WILKES-BABKE Wilkes-Barre City (87), 11 S. Main; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Max Casper, 48 S. Canal. *Lu~erne County (153), 12 Public Square; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, A. Sigholtz, 86 Canal. RHODE ISLAND PROVIDENCE Banm Hindi (99), 36 Chalkstone Av.; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Morris Dawer, 121 Chalkstone Av. "Maimonides (112), ?,('< Chalkstone Av.; 2d and 4th Sunday, S p. m.; Secretary, B. Gunsberg, 341 S. Main. •7!Providence City (143), YYhatcheer Hall, 202 Charles; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Henry Silverman, 39 Black. •-Maccabee (17C), 643 K. Main; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, S. Schmidt, 241 Chalkstone Av. Rhode Island (213), 205-207 W'illard Av.; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Leo J. Weintraub, 20 Robinson. inm (13), 36 Chalkstone Av.; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, H. Basilensky, 10 Olney. ORDER BR1TH ABRAHAM 157

PROVIDENCE (continued) ^Ladies' Friendship (27), 205 Willard Av.; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Isaac S. Adelman, 253 Willard Av. WOONSOCKET *Woonsocket (177), 4 Main; 2d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, A. Terkel, P. 0. Box 244. TEXAS DALLAS *Jacob Frees (101), Temple Emanuel, 292 Commerce; 2d Sun- day, S p. m.; Secretary, Joe Fried, 502 Main. Alexander Kohut (247), Temple Emanuel, 3d Tuesday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Gus. Roos, 179 Browder. fBabette Sanger- (34), Temple Emanuel; 4th Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Mrs. August Fried, 502 Main. HOUSTON Ansliel Hirsch (200), Main and Prairie; 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, A. S. Gfreenstein, P. O. Box 485. SAN ANTONIO *Alamo (199), Odd Fellows' Hall, Houston St.; 2d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Louis Osteryoung, 106 S. Flories. WACO *Waco (201), Odd Fellows' Hall; 3d Sunday, 8 p. m.; Secretary, Philip Richman, 502 N. 10th. VIRGINIA NEWPORT NEWS *Newport Neivs (231), Rierfeld's Hall; 1st and 3d Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Jacob Greenberfr, 137 ISth. tDaughters of Abraham (32), Hebrew Hall; 2d and 4th Monday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, Mrs. Ida Nachman, 123 isth. RICHMOND Richmond City (261), 1561 E. Main; 2d and 4th Sunday, 8 p.m.; Secretary, S. J. Hirschberg, 108 E. Broad. WISCONSIN MILWAUKEE Wisconsin (80), Prairie and 3d; 2d and 4th Sunday," 8 p. m.; Secretary, Simon Hart, 530 Vliet. WEST SUPEEIOK *West Superior City (150), 8th and Tower Av.; 2d and 4th Sun- day, 2 p. m.; Secretary, Morris E. Alexander, 607 John Av. 158 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAE BOOK

ORDER KESHER SHEL BARZEL SUPREME LODGE OF THE UNITED STATES President, M. Warley Platzek, 439 Fifth Av., New York City; Secretary, Lewis Abraham', Corcoran Building, Washington, D. C. Last convention held in 1890, at Washington, D. C.

DISTRICT GRAND LODGE NO. 1 Headquarters, 170 E. 60th, New York. Founded 1860. President, J. Adler, 60 W. 34th, New York; 1st Vice-President, S. Cahn, 98 Grand Av., New Haven, Conn.; 2d Vice-President, H. Ossusky, 22 University Place, New York; Treasurer, C. Marks, 86 Montgomery, Jersey City, N. J.; Secretary, M. Greenbaum, 170 E. 60th, New York. Executive Committee: Win. Bernard, 415 E. 118th, New York; L. Jacobs, 220 E. 49th, New York; J. A. Joel, 88 Nassau, New York; A. N. Rotholz, 123 Liberty, New York; A. Goldberg, 222 E. 72d, New York. Board of Endowment: President, I. Marx, 64 W. 125th, New York; Treasurer, N. Cowen, 35 E. 60th, New York. Members, 1020; lodges, 41. Income of last fiscal year, $23,458.69. Convention was held February 11, 1900, in New York.

LODGES OF DISTRICT NO. 1 CONNECTICUT HARTFORD Isaac Leeser (142), 23 Pavilion; 1st Sunday; Secretary, I. Herzfeld. NEW HAVEN Hoses Mendelsohn (16), 19 Spruce; 2d and 4th Sunday; Secre- tary, B. Bretzfelder.

MASSACHUSETTS BOSTON Gal Ed (71), 28 Copeland; 1st Sunday; Secretary, S. Reinstein.

NEW JERSEY JERSEY CITY Jersey City (58), 316 Second; 4th Sunday; Secretary, L. New- man. OBDEE KESHEK SHEL BARZEL 159

NBWABK Jehuda (37), 69 Nelson Place; 4th Sunday; Secretary, L. Finger. Star of Israel (77), 44 Nelson Place; 2d Sunday, A. S. Daus. PATEESON Pater son. City (172), 100 Main; 1st Sunday; Secretary, M. Levine. NEW YORK ALBANY B'nai Mwdecai (96), 125 S. Pearl; 4th Sunday; Secretary, L. Lowensohn./ BROOKLYN Brooklyn (56), 326 4th; 1st Sunday; Secretary, S. Salomon. Meyer-Beer (85), 448 Bergen; 4th Sunday; Secretary, S. Krone. BUFFALO Buffalo City (62), 72 N. Pearl; 1st Sunday; Secretary, S. Rosenau. ELMIRA Aaron (29), P. O. Box 133; 1st Sunday; Secretary, ,T. Witten- berg. NEW YORK Ear Sinai (1), 2 W. 15th; 3d and 4th Sunday; Secretary, R. Bromberger. Beer Schema (2), 589 S. Boulevard; 4th Sunday; Secretary, S. Rewald. David (5), 1974 Madison Av.; 3d Sunday; Secretary, L. Tenger. Hebron (6), 129 E. 7th; 3d Monday; Secretary, E. Nussbauna. King Solomon (7), 18 E. 106th; 2d and 4th Sunday; Secretary, I. Harris. Abraham (11), 219 E. 106th; 3d Sunday; Secretary, H. A. Robinson. Gabriel (13), 945 First Av.; 1st and 3d Tuesday; Secretary, M. Kolasky. Boruch (20), 98 Allen; 1st Tuesday; Secretary, L. Hyman. Maccabee (22), 33 E. 61st; 1st Sunday; Secretary, M. Scharps. Benjamin Natton (23), 263 W. 126th; 2d and 4th Sunday; Sec- retary, L. Lyons. Harrison (31), 311 E. 27th; 4th Sunday; Secretary, J. Meyer. United Israel (33), 1672 Third Av.; 1st Tuesday; Secretary, J. Russ. 160 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

NEW YORK (continued) Nehemiah (50), 413 E. 50th; 3d Tuesday; Secretary, H. Neufeld. JvUlevm (51), 158 E. 111th; 2d Sunday; Secretary, M. Green- banm. Benjamin (55), 33 W. 17th; 1st Sunday; Secretary, A. Stern. Samuel (59), 509 E. 119th; 1st Sunday; Secretary, S. J. Bett- man. Joseph (72), 191 St. Nicholas Av.; 1st Sunday; Secretary, J. J. Raphael. Union (73), 79 E. 124th; 2d Sunday; Secretary, H. Newman. Progress (75), 332 W. 48th; 2d Sunday; Secretary, J. Raymond. Jacob (80), 200 E. 107th; 2d Sunday; Secretary, M. Lyons. Humboldt (92), 219 E. 69th; 1st and 3d Sunday; Secretary, M. Simon. Sebulon (112), 324 E. 84th; 2d and 4th Sunday; Secretary, A. Gerothwohl. OGDENSBURG Ogdensburg (65); 1st and 3d Sunday; Secretary, Win. Wolff. rOUOHKEEPSIE Ark (74), 214 Main; 2d Sunday; Secretary, S. Jonas. ROCHESTER Monroe (105); 1st Monday; Secretary, I. Beir. RONDOUT (KINGSTON) Washington (21), 22 Rogers; 1st Sunday; Secretary, D. Wolff. SYRACUSE Moses Mo-nteflore (19), 130 S. Salina; 2d and 4th Sunday; Sec- retary, I. Shreiber. TROY Joshua (78), 35 Third; 2d Sunday; Secretary, M. Sinsheimer.

ONTARIO HAMILTON Alexander (13C), 97 James; 1st Sunday; Secretary, H. Strauss.

DISTRICT GRAND LODGE NO. 4 (Consolidated with District No. 5 in 1880) President, Simon Cohen, 279 Michigan Av., Detroit, Mich.; 1st Vice-President, M. D. Rosenbush, Chicago; 2d Vice-President, M. Levy, Louisville, Ky.; Secretary, Marx LiebscMitz, 1304 Locust, OKDER KESHER SHEL BARZEL 161

Walnut Hills, Cincinnati; Treasurer, Isaac Russack, 712 Lucas Av., St. Louis, Mo.; Sergeant-at-Arms, J. Frank, Dayton, 0. Members of the General Committee: F. S. Spiegel, Cincinnati; Benj. Kline, Cincinnati. Board of Trustees of Endowment: Chairman, August Bren- tano, Evansville, Ind.; Treasurer, Samuel Grabfelder, Louisville, Ky.; Secretary, Michael Steinfeld, 116 N. High, Columbus, O.; Adolph Freund, Detroit, Mich.; Philip W. Frey, Evansville, Ind.; Jacob Trost, Cincinnati, 0.; Sol. Boehm, St. Louis, Mo. The seventh biennial meeting- held April 9, 1899, in Cincinnati, Ohio. Next meeting in 1901, at Dayton, Ohio. Members, 708; lodges, 30. District No. 4 established the SIB MOSES MONTEFIORE KESHER HOME TOR AGED AND INFIRM ISRAELITES (see DIRECTORY OF LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS under CLEVELAND, O.).

LODGES OF DISTEICT NO. 4 ARKANSAS LITTLE ROCK ML Sinai (156); Secretary, Isaac Pareira. Rose City (175); Secretary, B. Cohn.

COLORADO DENVER Denver (198); Secretary, D. Klein, P. O. Box 648.

ILLINOIS CHICAGO Garden City (49); Secretary, M. II. Ephraim, 2550 State Av. OTTAWA Covenant (106); Secretary, Joseph Degen. IOWA DES MOINES Capital City (159); Secretary, J. Mandelbaum, 319 Walnut. INDIANA EVANSVILLE Spinoza (132); Secretary, S. L. Ichenhauser, 116 Main. INDIANAPOLIS Indianapolis (149); Secretary, Ed. Ducas, Park Theatre Bldg. 11 162 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

KENTUCKY LOUISVILLE Louisville (113); Secretary, Isaac David, 823 W. Chestnut. MICHIGAN EAST DETROIT Nathan (125); Secretary, George Morris, 62 Jefferson Av. MISSOURI ST. LOUIS Lebanon (10); Secretary, Carl Weile, 3239 N. 19th. Isaac (70); Secretary, Simon S. Zucker, 4261 Cook Av. Ben Jacob (94); Secretary, Emil Liebrich, 810 Franklin Av. St. Louis (115); Secretary, H. Kohner, 2029 Market. Missouri (126); Secretary, A. Gershon, 214 N. 21st. OHIO CINCINNATI B'nai Israel (67); Secretary, L. Manheimer, 1411 John. Oheb Slwlem (101); Secretary, Jos. Koch, 535 Everett. Cincinnati (109); Secretary, M. Liebschiitz, 12th and Vine. Ear Sinai (134); Secretary, Julius Fuchs, P. O. Box 46. CLEVELAND Rothschild (17); Secretary, S. M. Goldsmith, 17 Charles. Sholem (63); Secretary, M. Brunswick, 653 Lorain. COLUMBUS Capital (150); Secretary, Otto jN'usbaum, 487 S. 3rd. DAYTON Dayton (183); Secretary, Isidor Bornstein, 547 W. 3d. SPRINGFIELD Zion (138); Secretary, M. M. Kaufman. ZANESVILLE King Solomon (133); Secretary, H. Weber. TENNESSEE MEMPHIS Baron Eirscli (39); Secretary, Martin Cohen, 265 Main. NASHVILLE Rock City (141); Secretary, J. Levine, G13 N. College. ORTHODOX JEWISH CONGREGATIONAL UNION 163

WISCONSIN APPLETOX North Star (185); Secretary, M. Lyons. LA CEOSSE La Crosse (166); Secretary, Jos. Gutman. MILWAUKEE Daniel (79); Secretary, I. Langer, 2019 Vliet.

THE ORTHODOX JEWISH CONGREGATIONAL UNION OF AMERICA A convention of Orthodox Congregations met in New York, Wednesday, June S, 1898. Lewis N. Dembitz, Esq., was called to the chair, and Mr. D. Levine acted as secretary; fifty Congrega- tions were represented. The following provisional officers were elected: President, Rev. Dr. H. Pereira Mendes; Vice-Presidents, Rev. Dr. P. Klein, Rev. Meldola de Sola, Rev. Dr. H. W. Schnee- berger, Mr. K. H. Sarasohn; Secretaries: for English, Max Cohen; for Hebrew, I. Buchhalter. A resolution favoring Zionism was adopted. A resolution was passed making the Orthodox Jewish Congre- gations in America an established society. The principles of the convention adopted are as follows: " This Conference of delegates from Jewish congregations in the United States and the Doihinion of Canada is convened to advance the interests of positive Biblical, Rabbinical and His- torical Judaism. " We are assembled not as a synod, and, therefore, we have no legislative authority to amend religious questions, but as a representative body, which by organization and co-operation will endeavor to advance the interests of Judaism in America. " We favor the convening of a Jewish Synod specifically authorized by congregations to meet, to be composed of men who must be certified Rabbis, and c) Elders in official position (Cf. Numbers xi. 16); &) Men of wisdom and understanding, and known amongst us (Cf. Deut. i. 13); c) Able men, God-fearing men, men of truth, hating profit (Cf. Exodus xviii. 21). " We believe in the Divine revelation of the Bible, and we declare that the prophets in no way discountenanced ceremonial duty, but only condemned the personal life of those who ob- served ceremonial law, but disregarded the moral. Ceremonial law is not optative; it is obligatory. AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

" We affirm our adherence to the acknowledged codes of our Rabbis and the thirteen principles of Maimonides. " We believe that in our dispersion we are to be united with our brethren of alien faith in all that devolves upon men as citizens; but that religiously, in rites, ceremonies, ideals and doctrines, we are separate, and must remain separate in accord- ance with the Divine declaration: ' I have separated you from the nations to be Mine.' (Lev. xx. 26.) " And further, to prevent misunderstanding concerning Juda- ism, we re-affirm our belief in the coming of a personal Messiah, and we protest against the admission of proselytes into the fold of Judaism without millah and tebilah. " We protest against intermarriage between Jew and Gentile; we protest against the idea that we are merely a religious sect, and maintain that we are a nation, though temporarily without a national home, and " Furthermore, that the restoration to Zion is the legitimate aspiration of scattered Israel, in no way conflicting with our loyalty to the land in which we dwell or may dwell at any time." The following are extracts from the Constitution: The organization shall be known as the Orthodox Jewish Congregational Union of America. The objects of this organization shall be the promotion of the religious interests of the Jews in America, and the maintenance of the welfare of Orthodox Jewish Congregations in America. All Orthodox Jewish Congregations in America shall be eligible to membership and entitled to representation in the meetings of the Union, on application for membership to the executive committee. All questions of Orthodoxy in connection with the admission of members shall be conclusively acted upon by a sub-committee of five rabbis, to be appointed by the executive committee; said rabbis to be members of the conference. The Union shall hold a regular annual meeting at such time and place as shall be designated by the preceding meeting. Special meetings of the Union may be called at any other time and place on the call of the executive committee, on the written request of at least ten congregations of the Union. Each congregation affiliated with the Union shall pay as annual dues, in the following manner: congregations having fifty members or under, $5; congregations having over fifty members, $10. This constitution may be amended by a vote of two-thirds of the delegates present at two successive meetings of the Union. Addresses were delivered by Lewis N. Dembitz, Esq.; Rev. Dr. S. Schaffer, of Baltimore; Rev. Meldola de Sola, of Montreal; ORTHODOX JEWISH CONGREGATIONAL UNION 165

Rev. Dr. H. Pereira Mendes, of New York; and Rev. Dr. Joseph U. Hertz (now of Johannesburg, South Africa). The conference organized itself permanently by the adoption of the following resolution: Resolved, That the representatives of the Orthodox Jewish Congregations in America, assembled in conference in the city of New York, this 18th day of Sivan, in the year 5658, hereby express their sense of the need of the formation and maintenance of a permanent organization of the Orthodox Jewish Congregations in America to promote the religious interests of the Jews in America and to further the welfare of the Orthodox .Congregations in America, and said representatives hereby agree to organize, and do organize, the Orthodox Jewish Congrega- tional Union of America; to formulate and adopt a constitution for the government of said Union; and to elect the officers to be provided for by said constitution. And to adopt, as the religious principles of the Orthodox Jew- ish Congregational Union of America, the declaration of principles adopted by the Conference on the 18th day of Sivan, 5658, and the said principles shall never be changed as long as three congregations shall adhere to them. •Permanent officers were elected as follows: President, Rev. Dr. II. Pereira Mendes; First Vice-President, L. N. Dembitz, Esq., of Louisville, Ky.; Second Vice-President, S. Solis Cohen, M. D., of Philadelphia; Third Vice-President, Dr. A. Friedenwald, M. D., of Baltimore; Fourth Vice-President, K. H. Sarasohn, of New York City; Treasurer, Jacob Hecht, of New York City; Secre- taries, Rev. Dr. Dracnman and Max Cohen; Trustees: Rev. Dr. Mendes, Rev. Dr. Klein, Rev. Dr. De Sola, Rev. Dr. Sehaffer, Rabbi Bachrach, Rev. Dr. Draehman, Rev. Dr. J. H. Hertz, Rev. Dr. Schneeberger, L. N. Dembitz, Dr. A. Friedenwald, S. M. Roeder, Joseph Blumenthal, Dr. Cyrus Adler, Dr. S. Solis Cohen, K. H. Sarasohn, Jacob Hecht, L. Napoleon Levy, J. Silverman, Max Cohen, Isaac Lass and Max Deutschman. These resolutions were adopted: That in all towns where the number of congregations war- rants, a local Union be formed, each congregation to be represented by the rabbi or minister, the president and one other lay delegate. The said local Union shall organize as it deems best. The objects of the said local Union shall be: 1st. To strengthen congregational life but not to interfere in congregational autonomy. 2d. To advance the interests of the local Judaism by the appointment of any of the following committees or others as may be deemed necessary: 166 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Congregational membership; civil legislation; committee on Jewish presentations; cit}' religious work (mission, circuit preaching); committee appointed to devise uniform methods in Hebrew and religious schools; Union to send out rabbis for propaganda under the direction of the Executive Committee.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN CANTORS Founded March, 1894. President, Alois Kaiser, 171.T Linden Av., Baltimore; Vice- President, Wm. Sparger, 11S5 Lexington Av., New York; Secre- tary, Wm. Loewenberg, 1424 N. 7th, Philadelphia; Treasurer, S: Rappaport, West End Synagogue, New York. Board of Trustees: Alois Kaiser, Wm. Sparger, S. Rappaport, Wm. Loewenberg, David Cahn. Members, 10. Board meeting quarterly, January, April, July and October. Object: To develop the music of the Synagogue and promote good fellowship among the members of the profession. The " Union Hymnal " was edited by and published under the auspices of the Society. A monthly publication, musical and literary, is under consideration.

THE UNION OF AMERICAN HEBREW CONGREGATIONS Founded July 10, 187.':. Executive Board: Isaac W. Bernheim, 1IS5 W. Main, Louisville, Ky.; Bernhard Bettmann, Government Building, Cincinnati, O.; Josiah Cohen, 427 Diamond, Pittsburgh Pa.; Nathan Drucker, 901 Broadway, Cincinnati, O.; Jacob H. Fleisch, 56 Broadway, New York City; Moses Fraley, 108 N. Third, St. Louis, Mo.; Julius Freiberg (President), 216 E. Front, Cincinnati, O.; William Good- heart, 15 W. Third, Cincinnati, O.; Samuel B. Hamburger, 141 Broadway, New York City; Samuel Heavenrich, 111 Jefferson Av., Detroit, Mich.; Lewis Heinsheimer, 10 E. Third, Cincinnati, O.; Joseph Hirsch, 264 Marietta, Atlanta, Ga.; Albert F. Hoehstadter;- 49 Lafayette Place, New York City; Louis Krohn (Treasurer), 2902 Gilbert Av., Cincinnati, O.; Max Landauer, E. Water and Chicago, Milwaukee, Wis.; Sigmund Levyn, 346 Main, Buffalo, N. Y.; Moritz Loth, 130 Huntington Place, Cincinnati, O.; Julius Straus, 1004 E. Main, Richmond, Va.; Morris Newburger, 714 Market, Philadelphia, Pa.; Jacob Ottenheimer, 533 Walnut, Cin- cinnati, O.; S. W. Rosendale, 57 State, Albany, N. Y.; Jacob H. Schiff, 27 Pine, New York City; Alfred Seasongood, 15 E. Third, Cincinnati, O.; Lazarus Silverman, 261 Dearborn, Chicago, 111.; Isaac Strouse, Lombard and Paca, Baltimore, Md.; Morris Ull- AMERICAN HEBREW CONGREGATIONS 167

man, 154 Sheriff, Cleveland, 0.; Julius Weis, 817 Gravier, New Orleans, La.; Emanuel Wertheimer, 123 First Av.b Pittsburgh Pa.; Julius M. Weil, Rochester, N. Y.; Samuel Woolner (Vice-Presi- dent), 317 Perry Av., Peoria, 111. Secretary, Lipman JOevy, Chamber of Commerce Building, Cincinnati, O.; Assistant Secretary, David M. Levy, Chamber of Commerce Building, Cincinnati, O. Board of Delegates on Civil and Religious Rights: Lewis Abra- ham, Corcoran Building, Washington, D. C; David Adler, 325 E. Water, Milwaukee, Wis.; Israel Cowen, 1106 Tacoma Building, Chicago, 111.; Nathan Frank, 404 N. Eighth, St. Louis, Mo.; Julius Freiberg (ex-officio), 216 E. Front, Cincinnati, 0.; Wm. B. Hack- enburg, 516 Market, Philadelphia, Pa.; Solomon Hirsch, 25 Front, Portland, Ore.; Moritz Loth, 130 Huntington Place, Cincinnati, 0.; M. Warley Platzek, 320 Broadway, New York City; Charles H. Schwab, 1913 Indiana Av.; Chicago, 111.; Lewis Seasongood, 15 E. Third, Cincinnati, O.; George Seeman, 839 Gravier, New Orleans, La.; Alfred Selligman, 216 Fifth, Louisville, Ky.; Benjamin F. Teller, 606 Chestnut, Philadelphia, Pa.; Rev. Jacob Voorsanger, 1249 Franklin, San Francisco, Cal.; Leo Wise, 56 Perin Building, Cincinnati, O.; Simon Wolf, 926 F, N. AV., Washington, D. C. (Chairman); Samuel Woolner, 317 Perry Av., Peoria, 111. Members: 91 Congregations, comprising 8936 contributing members. Income of last fiscal year, $31,921.10. Board meeting June and December. Organization meets third Tuesday in January biennially. The Seventeenth Council will be held in Cincinnati, O., January 15", 1901. Objects: A.—To establish and maintain institutions for instruction in the higher branches of Hebrew literature and Jew- ish theology, with the necessary preparatory schools in such cities as may hereafter be designated. B.—To establish relations with kindred organizations in other parts of the world, for the relief of the Jews from political oppression, and for rendering them such aid for their intellec- tual elevation as may be within reach of this Union. C.—To promote the religious instruction of the young by the training of competent teachers, and generally encourage the study of the Scriptures and of the tenets and history of Judaism. The Sixteenth Council of the Union was held in Richmond, Va., December 6, 1898. The President delivered an annual address and reports of the Secretary, Treasurer, Examining Com- mittee, Board of Governors of Hebrew Union College, Librarian, Board of Delegates on Civil and Religious Rights, Committee on Circuit Preaching and Hebrew Sabbath School Union were pre- sented. 168 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

The report of the Committee on Circuit Preaching showed that 123 visits had been made, covering 17 States and 47 towns; 7 Sabbath Schools and 2 Congregations were organized; 20 Rabbis participated in the work. The Honorable Simon Wolf delivered the^ oration. The following resolution in relation to Zionism was adopted: " While we are aware of and deplore the abject conditions to which many of our brethren are subjected in foreign lands, and which have naturally, but unfortunately, aroused in some of them a yearning for a re-establishment in Zion, yet we delegates of the Union of American Hebrew Congregations in convention assembled, in view of the active propaganda being made at present for the so-called Zionistic movement, deem it proper and necessary to put ourselves on record as follows: " We are unalterably opposed to political Zionism. The Jews are not a nation, but a religious community. Zion was a pre- cious possession of the past, the early home of our faith, where our prophets uttered their world-enduring thoughts, and our psalmists sang their world-enchanting hymns. As such, it is a holy memory, but it is not our hope of the future. America is our Zion. Here, in the home of religious liberty, we have aided in founding this new Zion, the fruition of the beginning laid in the old. The mission of Judaism is spiritual, not political. Its aim is not to establish a State, but to spread the truths of religion and humanity throughout the world." [The Twenty-sixth Annual Report, published January, 1900, contains full details.] HEBREW UNION COLLEGE Cincinnati, Ohio Founded October 3, 1875, under the provisions of the, organic law of the Union of American Hebrew Congregations. Object, the education of Rabbis. Board of Governors: Rev. Dr. Henry Berkowitz, 2129 Gratz Av., Philadelphia, Pa.; Bernhard Bettmann, Government Bldg., Cincinnati, O. (President); Abe Bloom, S. W. cor. Race and Peai-l, Cincinnati, 0.; Nathan Drucker, 901 Broadway, Cincin- nati, O.; Leopold Feiss, 2335 Grandview Av., Cincinnati, O.; Julius Freiberg, 216 E. Front. Cincinnati, O. (Viee-President); Rev. Dr. Gustave Gottheil, 681 Madison Av., New York; Rev. Dr. Siegmund Hecht, Los Angeles, Cal.; Edward L. Heinsheimer, 42 E. Third, Cincinnati. O.; Rev. Dr. K. Kohler, 116 E. 71st, New York City; Arnold Kohn, 533 Market, Philadelphia, Pa.; Jacob Kronacher, 123 W. Third, Cincinnati, O.; Rev. Dr. Max Lands- berg, 420 Main, Rochester, N. Y.; Dr. Henry M. Leipziger, 324 E. 50th, New York City; Louis S. Levi, 533 Walnut, Cincinnati, FEDERATION O*P AMERICAN ZIONISTS 169

O.; Solms Marcus, 161 Fifth Av., Chicago, HI.; Emanuel Marks, 2326 Highland Av., Cincinnati, O.; Daniel Merz, 704 N. Fifth, Philadelphia, Pa.; Rev. Dr. Adolph Moses, 1023 Eighth, Louis- ville, Ky.; Rev. Dr. David Philipson, 852 Lincoln Av., Cincinnati, O.; Emil Pollak, 2648 Stanton Av., Cincinnati, O.; Rev. M. Sam- fleld, 81 Market, Memphis, Tenn.; Nathan Stix, 101 W. Third, Cincinnati, O.; Samuel W. Trost, 12 Canal, Cincinnati, O. Secretary, Isaac Bloom, Box 266, Cincinnati, O. Faculty: Professor of Talmudic Literature and Acting Presi- dent, Rabbi Moses Mielziner, Ph. D., D. D.; Professor of History, Instructor in Philosophic Literature, Rabbi G. Deutsch, Ph.D.; Professor of Homiletics, Rabbi David Philipson, D. D.; Professor of Ethics, Rabbi Louis Grossmann, D. D.; Instructor in Exegesis and Targumic Aramaic, the Rev. S. Mannheimer, B. A. (Libra- rian); Professor in Jewish Philosophic Literature and Instructor in Talmud, the Rev. Ephraim Feldman, B. D. (Registrar); In- structor in Exegesis and Talmudic Aramaic, Caspar Levias, M. A. (Secretary); Instructor in Exegesis and Biblical Aramaic, Moses Buttenwieser, Ph. D.; Instructor in Exegesis and Arabic, the Rev. Henry Malter, Ph. D. The faculty is also prepared to teach Coptic, Egyptian, Persian, Avestan and Sanscrit, Hebrew, Phoenician and Sabean Inscrip- tions. Anmial income, about $22,000, contributed by the Union of American Hebrew Congregations. Board meeting, last Tuesday of the month. Graduates, 76, eleven (11) of whom were graduated at the last commencement, held June 16, 1900. Steps are being taken to raise $500,000 for the " Isaac Wise Memorial Fund," as a permanent endowment fund for the college.

ZIONIST ORGANIZATIONS FEDERATION OF AMERICAN ZIONISTS ' President, Prof. Richard Gottheil, Columbia University, New York; Honorary Treasurer, K. H. Sarasohn, New York; Honorary Secretary, Isidore D. Morrison, 320 Broadway, New York. Vice-Presidents: Lewis N. Dembitz, Louisville; Dr. A. Frieden- wald, Baltimore; Rev. Dr. Gnstav Gottheil, New York; Rev. II. Iliowizi, Philadelphia; Rev. Dr. M. Jastrow, Philadelphia; Rev. B. L. Leventhal, Philadelphia; Rev. M. Mandel, Washington, D. C; Rev. M. S. Margolis, Boston; Rev. H. Masliansky, New York; Rev. I. Myers, San Francisco. Executive Council: S. Abel, Baltimore; H. I. Barnett, New York; 170 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

C. D. Birkhahn, New York; Dr. J. I. Bluestone, New York; Dr. B. L. Gordon, Philadelphia; Moses Klein, Philadelphia; Rev. Dr. H. P. Mendes, New York; Dr. Moses Mintz, New York; Abraham Radin, New York; W. Schur, Chicago; Miss Henrietta Szold, Bal- timore; L. Zolotkoff, Chicago. American Members of the Actions Committee, Vienna: Rev. Dr. B. Felsenthal, Chicago; Rev. Dr. S. Schaffer, Baltimore; Rev. Dr. Stephen S. Wise, Portland, Oregon; and the President of the Federation. American Delegates to the Fourth Zionist Congress, at London: Dr. D. Blaustein; Dr. A. Friedenwald; Rev. Dr. L. Zinsler; Rev. Dr. H. P. Mendes; S. D. Salomon; M. Schaff; Rev. Dr. S. S. Wise; Prof. Richard Gottheil; Mrs. R. Gottheil; Rev. Dr. S. Schaffer; K. H. Sarasohn; Rev. B. L. Leventhal; G. H. Mayer, Dr. D. Gins- berg-; L. H. Levin, Esq.; Dr. B. L. Gordon; I. D. Morrison, Esq.; M. Tunkle; W. Schur; L. Zolotkoff; A. Tannenbaum; -I. Wein- stein; Israel Fine; Miss Bluestone. Affiliated societies, 135; members, 8000 (approximately). Receipts during 1899-1900, $2649.61. The third annual convention took place June 11-12, 1900, in New York. Accredited delegates present, 99. Chairman of the convention, Professor Richard Gottheil; Vice-Presidents, Rabbis S. Schaffer, H. Masliansky and M. S. Margolis; Secretaries, I. D. Morrison, H. Krieger and G. Blumberg. The first session was opened by Dr. S. Schaffer. The address of welcome was delivered by Dr. D. Blaustein, and the reports of the President, the Secretary and the Committee on Propa- ganda were received. Addresses were delivered by the Rev. H. P. Mendes, of New York, and Mr. Moses Klein, of Philadelphia. At the second session, committees were appointed; an address was delivered by Charles Hoffman, Esq., on " The Relation of Zionism to Other Jewish Movements "; and a new constitution was adopted. At the third session, the Treasurer's report was received, and an address delivered by David Levine, on the Z. B. T. Fraternity. The delegates to the Zionist Congress in London were in- structed as follows: (1) That the convention does not consider Cyprus a place in which to colonize Jews, and it firmly adheres to the idea of establishing colonies in Palestine and Syria only. (2) That the Congress is urged to get up an international exposition of Palestine products, agricultural and otherwise, the exposition to be transported from city to city and from country to country, so as to give ocular demonstration of the products of the Jewish colonies in the Holy Land. (3) That the Congress is requested not to recognize any delegates from America but such as are delegated by this convention. FEDERATION OF AMERICAN ZIONISTS 171

(4) That mindful of the inestimable services the " Nadiv " of Paris has rendered to Israel by his overwhelming benevolence in establishing and maintaining many of the Jewish colonies of Palestine, the Congress is urged to give public recognition to Baron Edmond de Rothschild, the gentle father of most of the Jewish colonies of Palestine. (5) That the " Actions Committee " is requested to decline to accept Shekalim from individual American societies, but to accept them only from the Federation as Landesverband. (6) That the delegates are to endeavor to induce Dr. Theodor Herzl to visit America and thus strengthen the movement in this country. The Federation has published the following brochures: The Aims of Zionism, by Professor Richard Gottheil (1898-99). . The Progress of Zionism, by Herbert Bentwich, LL. B. (1898-99). George Eliot as a Zionist (extracts from Daniel Deronda) (1898-99). The Modern Hep! Hep! Hep! by George Eliot (1899-1900). Judaism and Zionism (in Yiddish), by Abner Tannenbaum (1899-1900). An Epistle to the Hebrews, by Emma Lazarus (1899-1900). The following recommendations contained in the officers' reports were accepted: To refer the two Hebrew grammars sub- mitted to a committee of five; to print the proceedings of the Convention of the Federation and of the International Conven- tion to be held in London; to print a pamphlet containing authoritative information concerning Palestine and the colonies; to print Pinsker's Auto-Emancipation in English; to publish a monthly Zionist magazine; to offer a prize of $50 for the best essay on one of the following subjects: Disraeli and George Eliot; Emma Lazarus and Michael Heilprvn; Pinsker and Mohilever. A public meeting was held at Cooper Union on the evening of June 11. The following delivered addresses: Rev. Drs. G. Gott- heil, S. Schaffer, H. Iliowizi, H. Masliansky, Joseph H. Hertz, S. S. Wise and B. Drachman, and Drs. M. Mintz and R. L. Hal- perin. A collection was taken up for the Besaarabian famine sufferers.

SOCIETIES AFFILIATED WITH THE FEDERATION OF AMERICAN ZIONISTS CALIFORNIA SAN FBANCISCO Helpers of Zion. Secretary, Rev. M. S. Levy, 1359 Post. CONNECTICUT DERBY Tifereth Zion. Established 1899. President, B. Levin; Treas- urer, H. G. Bellin; Secretary, L. S. Levin. 172 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

HAETPOHD B'nai Zion. Established 1899. President, M. D. Gelman; Treasurer, S. J. Glotzer; Secretary, D. Traub, 279 Market. NEW HAVEN Ahavoth Zion. Established 1899. President, S. Kugel; Treas- urer, Ethel Stodel; Secretary, J. H. Bailey, 226 Com- merce. Clwivey Zion. Established 1899. President, A. Frank; Treas- urer, B. Rochlis; Secretary, S. Yaffe, 13 Palmer. NORWICH Dorschei Zion. Established 1900. President, M. Stamm; Treas- urer, M. Levin; Corresponding- Secretary, S. B. Sussman, Mohegan, Conn.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA WASHINGTON Eevrah B'nai Zion. Established 1898. President, P. Har- mel; Treasurer, H. Arkin; Secretary, M. Mandel, 1231 Ninth, N. W. FLORIDA KEY WEST Cheireive Zion. Established 1898. President, R. L. Meyerson; Treasurer, S. Landes; Secretary, L. Fine.

GEORGIA AUGUSTA Lovers of Zion. Established 1897. President, N. Shevinsky; Treasurer, J. Subotnic; Secretary, A. Tannenbaum, 551 Ellis. ILLINOIS CHICAGO Ohavei Zion. Established 1897. President, L. Enelow; Treas- urer, B. Ruday; Secretary, J. Stern, 2S0 W. Division. Independent Order Ohoveve Zion. Established 1S90. President. I. Glick; Treasurer, D. Itzkowitz, (ilG S. Canal; Secretary, D. Pollack, 1563 Milwaukee Av. Kniglds of Zion. Bee p. 181. VMaan Zion. Established 1897. President, T. Fink; Treas- urer, J. Lishnansky; Secretary, E. Reiss, 103 Bunker. FEDERATION OF AMERICAN ZIONISTS 173

INDIANA EVANSVILLE Zion Association. Secretary, H. Minda, 210 Water. INDIAWAPOLIS Alebaashereth Zion. Established 1898. President, L. M. Horin- stein; Treasurer, A. Brayn; Secretary, M. .Eabinowitz, 510 S. Illinois. KENTUCKY LOUISVILLE Louis-ville Zionist Society. Established 1899. President, L. N. Dembitz; Treasurer, S. Shapinsky; Secretary, A. Roth- stein, Jackson and Market. Memsscreth Zion. Established 1897. President, Rev. S. I. Sheinfeld; Treasurer, J. Sagalowsky; Secretary, M. Ar- luck, 318 E. Jefferson. MARYLAND ' BALTIMORE Zion Association. Established 1894. President, Dr. S. SchafEer; Treasurer, Morris Sworzyn; Secretary, B. Makover, 409 N. Calhoun. Ezrath Ghorcvei Ziwi. Established 1897. President, I. B. Weinberg; Treasurer, S. dayman; Secretary, II. J. Sil- verman, 211 S. High. HAGEBSTOWN (Jhocevci Zion. Established 1899. President, H. G. Kaplan; Treasurer, Rev. A. Harrison; Secretary, G. I. Lyon, 304 S. Locust. MASSACHUSETTS BOSTON Lovers of Zion of E. Boston. Established 1899. President, L. B. Magid; Treasurer, A. Aronson; Secretary, N. Bloeh, 92 Chelsea. Sons and Daughters of Zion. Established 1898. President, A. Rosenthal; Treasurer, H. Finkelstein; Secretary, M. B. Frankel, 1022 Tremont Building. Hebrew National Association. Established 1895. President, F. Altman; Treasurer, J. M. Karvin; Secretary, H. Morrison, 80 Prince. Israel K. Pozmtnshy Lodge. Established 1899. President, B. Topel; Treasurer, J. Kay witch; Secretary, L. Abrahams, 28 E. Spring-field. 174 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

BOSTON (continued) Dorshei Zion No. 1. Established 1897. President, Dr. J. Sil- bert; Treasurer, M. Danielevitz; Secretary, S. Waldstein, 11 Minot. Dorshei Zion No. 3. Established 1899. President, M. Koson- off; Treasurer, L. Pocrowsky; Secretary, S. Bloomberg, 37 Billerica. Dorshei Zion No. Jh Established 1899. President, M. Glick; Secretary, M. Shimberg, 269 Shawmut. Dorshath Zion Association. Established 1898. President, Miss J. Askowith; Treasurer, Miss Deutch; Secretary, P. Ar- kin, 65 Lambert, Roxbury. Boston Daughters of Zion. Established 1899. President, Miss Shilefsky, 26 Auburn; Secretary, Miss Skubelsky. Young People's Aid Association. Established 1899. President, Dr. C. Shershefsky; Treasurer, Miss R. Lande; Secretary, L. Berliner, 29 Compton Av. CHELSEA. Dorshei Zion No. 2. Established 1898. President, H. Siegel; Treasurer, A. S. Cohen; Secretary, B. Cohen, 110 Everett Av. Dorshoth Zion. President, Mrs. Fitchell; Secretary, Miss Susie Levinson. SPRINGFIELD Congregation Clwrevei Zion of Springfield and Holyokc. Estab- lished 1897. President, H. Robinson; Treasurer, H. Krammer; Secretary, B. Bearg, 22 Morgan. WORCESTER Daughters of Zion. President, Mrs. J. J. Dann; Treasurer, S. Silverman; Secretary, Miss Ida Herman, 61 Union Av. Maccabees' Zion Branch. Established 1898. President, S. V. Goldstein; Treasurer, L. Meyers; Secretary, H. W. De- phoure, 74 Grafton. MICHIGAN MENOMINEE Maywozorist Zionists. Established 1898. President, Rev. M. Goldberg; Treasurer, S. Fredstien; Secretary, A. Sklow- sky. MINNESOTA DTTLUTH OJiave Zion. Established 1900. President, S. Soznowsky; Treasurer, S. Rochlin; Secretary, Rev. S. Snitzer, 109 Second Av., E. FEDERATION OF AMERICAN ZIONISTS 175

MINNEAPOLIS American Daughters of Zion. Established 1900. President, Mrs. Kruger; Treasurer, Mrs. Meltzer; Secretary, Miss Dora Friedman, 1418 4th. Ohaway Zion. Established 1898. President, S. Joseph; Treas- urer, J. Feinman; Secretary, H. Lippman, 109 1st Av. ST. PAUL Tiffereth Zion Society. Established 1898. President, H. Ros- enberg; Treasurer, M. Kalmenson; Corresponding Secre- tary, J. Levine, 223 Grove. Young Zionists of St. Paul. Established 1897. President, Aaron Hertz; Treasurer, D. Greenberg; Secretary, J. E. Rosen, 97 S. Wabash. MISSOURI KANSAS CITY Sons of Zion. Established 1899. President, S. Newirth; Treasurer, R. Widlansky; Secretary, S. Greeman, 173^t Grand Av. KANSAS CITY (WEST) Ghaiwiway Zion. Established 1898. President, A. Simelovitz; Treasurer, Max Levin; Secretary, H. Werby, 1304 W. 9th. ST. LOUIS Boys' B'nai Zion Society. Established 1899. President, S. Kurtz; Treasurer, J. Goldstein; Secretarj', J. Pollock, 821 Biddle. NEW JERSEY ATLANTIC CITY Zion Society of Atlantic City. Established 1899. President, W. Wallner; Treasurer, A. Braunstein; Secretary, M. Rich, 929 Atlantic Av. CAMDEN Ezrath Zion. Established 1900. President, E. Oberfeld; Treasurer, L. Levindon; Secretary, J. Kline, 134 Walnut. PATEBSON Aluivath Zion. Established 1899. President, L. Rosenberg; Treasurer, J. Berman; Secretary, H. Schiller, 24 N. 1st. Bnoth Zion. President, Rabbi M. Luntz, 12 Tyler. TRENTON B'nai Zion. Established 1899. President, C. Bach; Treasurer, B. Cohen; Secretary, D. Aroniss, 103 S. Broad. 176 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

NEW YORK BROOKLYN Daughters of Zion. Established 1899. President, Rachel B. Cohen; Treasurer, Sarah Zirinsky; Secretary, Lena 1. Sustick, 95 Debevoise. Doresha Zion. Established 1897. President, I. Degutz; Treas- urer, A. Blank; Secretary, M. Shapiro, 37 Moore. Zion Literary League. Established liSO'l. President, G. Ittel- man; Treasurer, Solomon Kaplan; Secretary, Max Rosen- blum, 75 Johnson Av. B'nai Zion Association of Brownsville. Established 1897. President, D. Hecker; Treasurer, J. DunefE; Secretary, J. A. Honig, 207 Osborn. Oliaiei Zion Lodge No. 3. President, A. Roth, 194 Graham Av. ELMIRA Sons of Zion. Established 1899. President, Chas. Rabeno- vich; Treasurer, B. Waxman; Secretary, J. C. Berger, 808 John. GLENS FALLS Ahavath Zion. Established 1899. President, I. Ginsburg, Maple St.; Treasurer, Simon Marcus; Secretary, Rev. W. Flax. NEW YORK Daughters of Zion No. 1. Established 1S97. President, Dr. S. Mosesson; Treasurer, T. Marcus; Secretary, A. Radin, 16G Henry. Chorcvei Zion. Established 188fi. President, Dr. M. Mintz; Treasurer, L. Heller; Secretary, R. Pollack, 1592 Madison Av. Bnci Zion Association. Established 1888. President, H. I. Barnett; Treasurer, L. Marcus; Secretary, J. Fislrman, 185 E. Broadway. American Daughters of Zion. Established 1897. President, Miss H. Bernstein; Treasurer, Miss Rosenzweig; Secre- tary, Miss A. Einsohn, 86 E. Broadway. Young American Zionists. Established 1897. President, I. Allen; Treasurer, Max Kufeld; Secretary, Minnie Lefko- witz, 519 E. 11th. Uptown Zionist Club. Established ]900. President, M. Leon; Treasurer, J. M. Tobias; Secretary, IT. Levinsohn, 1365 Fifth Av. FEDERATION OF AMERICAN ZIONISTS 177

NEW YOKE: (continued) Zion Benevolent Society. Established 1898. President, A. Radin; Treasurer, D. Orently; Secretary, S. Horwitz, 166 Henry. Benoth Zion Circle Haddassa. Established 1900. President, Mrs. R. Gottheil; Treasurer, Miss B. Levy; Secretary, Miss F. Rafsky, 105 E. 101st, Youths of Zion. Established 1899. President, M. Markewitz; Treasurer, Mr. Callman; Secretary, Mr. Hirschberg, 179 Madison. Ohavei Zion. Established 1897. President, W. Brownman; Treasurer, H. D. Goodman; Secretary, Chas. Geduld, 225 E. Broadway. Ibri Society. Established 1898. President, E. Kohn; Treas- urer, M. Aszud; Secretary, E. Gottlieb, 178 Stanton. Ladies' Zion League. Established 1900. President, Miss S. Pitluck; Treasurer, L. R. Jankowsky; Secretary, Miss H. Goldberg-, 11 Allen. Zionah. President, Louis Cohen; Secretary, Solomon Katz. Bialystoclcer Congregation Adath Teshorim. President, Mandel Cohen; Secretary, A. Janovsky. ROCHESTEB Benoth Zion. Established 1900. President, Annie Gordon; Treasurer, Rosie Pekarsky; Secretary, S. Carson, 16 Her- man. Clievra Benei Zion. Established 1897. President, A. Blum, 79 Chatham; Treasurer, Moses Cohen; Secretary, M. Rosenzweig, 137 Baden. Young American Zionists. Established 1899. President, Miss R. Blumberg; Treasurer, L. Scull; Secretary, E. Morris, 42 Baden.

SYRACUSE Syracuse Zion Society. Established 1897. President, S. D. Solomon; Treasurer, D. Davis; Secretary, M. Ehrlich, 507 Taylor. TBOY Ohovevei Zion. Established 1898. President, Rabbi Lasker; Treasurer, J. Dworsky; Secretary, M. Rosenholtz, 130 First. Daughters of Zion. Established 1900. President, Mrs. J. Ru- binsky; Treasurer, Miss Coplon; Secretary, Miss B. Palowansky, 8 Division. 12 178 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

UTICA Shovy Zion. Established 1897. President, A. Cohen; Treas- urer, Charles Rosenberg; Secretary, Rev. I. Marcus, 18 Washington. WATERTOWN Ahabath Zion. Established 1900. President, H. Ellis; Treas- urer, H. Rottenberg; Secretary, S. Knebel, 67 Court.

NORTH CAROLINA DURHAM Vhedoas Zion. Established 1899. President, M. Greenberg; Treasurer, B. Enock; Secretary, K. Heilig'.

OHIO CINCINNATI Ohare Zion. Established 1897. President, S. Tannenbaum; Treasurer, N. Katz; Secretary, I. Shaffet, 753 Barr. Bnoth Zion. Established 1S9!). President, Mrs. E. Greenberg; Treasurer, Mrs. N. Katz; Secretary, Miss E. Landsman, 547 W. 9th. Flowers of Zion. Established 1900. President, P. Seltzer; Treasurer, I. Fogel; Secretary, D. Rubin, 535 W. 6th. ClRCLEVILLE Sholem le Zion. Established 1900. President, M. Margolis; Treasurer, N. Dulsky; Secretary, S. Farber. CLEVELAND Chovevei Zion. Secretary, S. Rocker, 224 Woodland Av. Young American B'liai Zion Association. Secretary, M. E. Katz, 232 Orange. PENNSYLVANIA ALTOONA Ezras Zion. President, Rabbi Simon Glazer, 1S07 14th Av. GREENSBURG B'liai Zion of Oreensburg. Established 189S. President, I. Kahanowitz; Treasurer, J. Shapiro; Secretary, I. Becker, 701 W. Otterman. PHILADELPHIA Dorshei Zion. Established 1900. President, R. Vitofsky; Treasurer, J. Berman; Secretary, S. Winick, 2853 Janney. FEDERATION OF AMERICAN ZIONISTS 179

PHILADELPHIA (continued) Ohave Zion. Established ISO". President, Dr. B. L. Gordon; Treasurer, B. Feinberg; Secretary, H. Krueger, 511 S. 6th. Philadelphia Zimiist Societi/. Established 1898. President, G. H. Mayer, 834 N. 5th; Secretary, A. A. Dembitz, 528 N. 4th. PlTTSBURG Tifferctli Zion. Established 1900. President, J. Sivitz; Treas- urer, A. Lichter; Secretary, H. Rubenovitz, 33 Townsend. Dorshei Zion. Established 1897. President, J. S. Glick, 824 5th Av.; Treasurer, J. H. Lichter; Secretary, S. Frank. HEADING Rose of Zion. Established 1900. President, M. Aronsolm; Treasurer, J. Silberman; Secretary, J. Aronsohn, 501 N. 8th. RHODE ISLAND PROVIDENCE Daughters nf Zitm. Established 1S9S. President, Annie D. Goldsmith; Treasurer, Jennie Smira; Secretary, Etta E. Cohen, 12 Jenckes. Lovers of Zion. Established 1807. President, A. Cohen; Treasurer, S. Levin; Secretary, Samuel Mann, 100 Charles. WOONSOCKET Chovcvei Zion. Secretary, Joseph Mack, 31 Polo. TENNESSEE CHATTANOOGA Chovcvei Zion. Established 1S98. President, B. Berkovitz; Treasurer, N. Miller; Secretary, S. J. Rausen, 114 Leon- ard. KNOXVILLE Ohavci Zion. Established 1898. President, B. Shapiro; Treas- urer, I. Valensky; Secretary, Rev. I. YYinick, P. O. Box 781. MEMPHIS Lovers of Zion. Established 1897. President, I. Menke; Treasurer, M. Chelemsky; Secretary, M. Jaft'e, 3d and Jackson. TEXAS FT. WORTH Ahi-ath Zion. Established 1900. President, J. Jacobs; Treas- urer, A. Salzberg; Secretary, I. N. Mehl, 1405 Main. 180 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAE BOOK

GALVESTON B'nai Zion Association. Established 1897. President, B. Feld, 614 32d; Treasurer, Max Eouch. HOUSTON Adath Zion. Established 1800. President, I. Hernson; Treas- urer, J. Wolf; Secretary, L. Schlauger, 88 Spruce. SAN ANTONIO Chevra Mevansvreth Zion. Secretary, J. S. Evaus, 327% Com- merce. WACO Ezrath Zion. Established 180S. President, F. Adehnan; Treasurer, M. B. Bearman; Secretary, B. Adelman, 1010 S. 3d. VERMONT BURLINGTON Choivcvei Zion. Established 1900. President, S. Levin; Treas- urer, D. Neeburg; Secretary, Eev. II. Sachs. VIRGINIA BERKLEY Darshe Zion. Established 1809. President, H. Goodman; Treasurer, L. Stark; Secretary, A. M. Jacobson, P. O. Box 20. NORFOLK B'nai Zinn Alliance of Norfolk. Established 1898. President, L. Weinfield; Treasurer, H. Crockin; Secretary, J. Stru- binsk}-. RICHMOND Ahavath Zion. Established 1900. President, M. Brown; Sec- retary, A. I. Weinberg, 2204 E. Main.

WASHINGTON SEATTLE Hevre Hoviraij Zion. Established 1900. President, D. Gold- son; Treasurer, N. Herschnidovitch; Secretary, L. Kahan, 303 Second Av. WISCONSIN WEST SUPERIOR Ahawat Zion. Established 1899. President, S. Bosenbloom; Treasurer, N. B. Cohen; Secretary, S. Bosenbloom, 520 Hughitt Av. Z. B. T. FRATERNITY 181

ORDER KNIGHTS OF ZION Headquarters: Chicago, Illinois. Fotinded December 31, 1898. President, R. L. Halperin; Vice-President, H. Wais; Treasurer, I. Wolpe; Secretary, Leon Zolotkoff, 912 Chicago Opera House Building. Members, 500. Affiliated with the. FEDERATION OE AMERICAN ZIONISTS (see p. 172). Subordinate organizations, called Gates: Chicago Zion Gate, No. 1. Heroes of Zion Gate, No. 3. Dorshe Zion Gate, No. 7. Osre Zion Gate, of Benton Harbor, Mich., No. 8. Kadimah Gate, No. 9. Clara de Hirsch Gate, No. 10. Rabbi Jehudah Halevy Gate, of Milwaukee, Wis., No. 11. Herzl Literary Gate, No. 12. Object: 1. To unite Jews and Jewesses into a Fraternal society for the propagation of the idea of Zionism among the Jewish people. 2. To promote and encourage the colonization of Palestine and the acquisition of a legally secured home for Jewish people in Palestine. 3. To contribute to the support of a regular International Congress of duly accredited representatives of the Jewish people for the consideration of the condition of the Jews in the different countries of their dispersion and for taking such measures as may be conducive to their general welfare. 4. To co-operate with other Zion organizations for the purpose of realizing the plans and purposes of the Basle Congresses and of the future Jewish Congresses of similar import. 5. To assist Jewish colonists in Palestine and disseminate the knowledge of the Hebrew language. 6. To promote benevolence and education among its members socially, morally and intellectually.

Z. B. T. FRATERNITY

Founded December 29, 1898. Composed of four affiliated chapters, located in Greater New York, Baltimore, New Haven and Cincinnati. The members are either graduates or students of the following institutions: Columbia University (departments of philosophy, arts, medicine ]82 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK and engineering'), New York Post-Graduate Hospital, New York University (departments of arts, medicine and law), New York Law School, Long' Island Medical College, College of the City of New York, Jewish Theological Seminary, Bellevue Medical Col- lege, Cincinnati University, Cincinnati College of Dentistry, Ohio Medical College, Hebrew Union College, Harvard Univer- sity, Yale University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, City College, and Johns Hopkins University, of Baltimore, and Basle University (Switzerland). The objects of the fraternity are to promote the cause of Zionism and the welfare of the Jews in general; and to unite fraternally all collegiate Zionists of the United States and Canada. The Grand Chapter meets in the Logeling Lodge Rooms, 239 E. 57th, New York. President, David Levine; First Vice- President, Elias Cuplan; Second Yice-President, Bernard Bloch; Recording Secretary, Aaron Eiseinan; Financial Secretary, Henry P. Goldstein; Corresponding Secretary, Dr. Herman B. Sheffield; Treasurer, Aaron Drucker; Sergeant-at-Arms, David Swick. Beth Din: Bernhard Ehrenreich, Hyman Abramowitz, I. Delson, Joseph Hirschman, David Goldstein and M. Kufeld. Members, 70. Baltimore Chapter. President, Hon. Jacob M. Moses; Secre- tary, B. A. Bernstein, 134 N. Exeter. Cincinnati Chapter. President, Dr. I. Hirschman. New Haven Chapter. President, John Baily.

UNAFF1LTATED ZIONIST SOCIETIES

CONNECTICUT NEW HAVEN *Young Men's Zionistic Club.

MARYLAND BALTIMORE Daughters of Zion, 106 N. Front. Founded January 21, 1900. President, Lena Schwartz; Vice-President, Annie Hirsh- man; Treasurer, Sarah Hoff; Secretary, Hannah E. Moss, 205 N. Front. Directors: Rosa Cooper, Etta Bad- ner, Paulina Greenberg, Celia Goodman, Ida Rievman, Bessie Garonzik, and the officers. Members, 27. Meets every Saturday evening. UNAFFILIATED ZIONIST SOCIETIES 183

MASSACHUSETTS SPRINGFIELD *Wmnen's Zionist Society.

NEW JERSEY NOEMA (ALLIANCE COLONY) Agudatli Ziou NEW YORK NEW YORK *Knights of Zion. Founded 1899. Officers: Samuel \X. Green- baum, Maurice A. Hartogensis, Nathan Greenbaum, Jacob Hamburger, Herman M. Schaap. SYEACUSE *Yovng Hehrcic Zionists. President, William Gerber: Vice- President, William Coveston; Treasurer, Jacob Serling; Secretary, Samuel Kaletzky. Trustee, Jacob Gross.

OHIO CLEVELAND *Benoth Zion Association.

COLUMBUS Zion Society. President, Professor Fagin; Treasurer, Rabbi Nathan Silberman; Secretary, I. B. Jashenosky.

PENNSYLVANIA PlTTSBUEG *Daughters of Zion. VIRGINIA NORFOLK ^Ladies' Zion Alliance.