Society for Industrial Archeology · New England Chapters

Reports on efforts at conservation, re VOLUME 14 NUMBER 2 1994 Call For Papers for the Eight Annual use, or public education or advocacy CONTENTS relating to industrial archeological Conference on New England resources are welcome. Video presenta Call For Papers 1 Industrial Archeology tions or poster displays will also be con President's ReJ:?Ort. NNEC 1 sidered.Given the location of tb.e President's Report, SNEC 2 To be held February 4, 1995 Conference, papers relating to maritime Editorial 3 Boston Naval Shipyard lA topics are particularly welcome. Andover and Wilmington R.R. 4 Charlestown, Massachusetts Fanconia Furnace Recording Proposals should be submitted by Project 4 The annual winter conference of the Eli Whitney Museum Mounts December 31, 1994. Those interested in New Exhibit 5 Northern and Southern New England presenting should submit a title and pro Report of Historic Ironmaking Chapters of the Society for Industrial posed one- or two-page abstract to: Conference 6 Archeology will be held at the Michael Steinitz, Paper Chair, 167 Tug Restoration Planned 7 Charlestown Navy Yard in Boston on Willow Ave., Somerville, MA 02144. Connecticut Industrial Archeology Saturday, February 4, 1995. The Boston FAX 617 727-5128; Phone 617 727- Bibliography 8 Naval Shipyard is a national Landmark, 8470 (weekdays), 617 628-2786 Vermont 11 part of the Boston National Historic (home). Book on Vermont Archeology Park, the home of the U.S.S. Wins Award 11 Constitution. The Shipyard includes a Rolando Sells Milestone Copy President,s Report, NNEC significant array of lA sites and of his Book 12 resources not normally open to the pub Approximately thirty people gathered in lic. The ongoing restoration of the Manchester, New Hampshire, on NORTHERN CHAPfER OFFICERS Constitution by the U.S. Navy involves Saturday, May 28, for the NNEC-SIA Woodard Openo, President the use of historic maritime industrial Spring Meeting and Tour. The atten Richard Borges, 1st Vice President materials, technologies, tools and dees assembled fJtSt at the Manchester Kate Donahue, 2nd Vice President machinery. Conference activities will Historic Association for orientation, Walter Ryan, Treasurer include an afternoon tour and program Krista Butterfield. Secretary then departed for the Amoskeag relating to the lA of the Shipyard and Hydroelectric Station. SOUTHERN CHAPTER OFFICERS the work under way on the Constitution. Michael Steinitz, President Amoskeag Station was constructed in Matt Kierstead. Program chair Papers for the conference are invited by 1935 by the Manchester Power and Tom Vaughan, Jr., Secretary professional and avocational industrial Light Company, which had purchased Jack Yerkes, Treasurer archeology enthusiasts on the full range the water rights from the Amoskeag of lA topics, preferably with a New Manufacturing Co. It is a 15 MW sta EDITOR England focus. Papers relating to tion that is now fully automated, has a David Starbuck research on, or field investigation of POBox 147 46' head (the drop in water elevation industrial sites, structures or equipment Fort Edward. NY 12828 from the top of the dam to the bottom), and their historic contexts are invited. and is a "run of river" plant which pro engine was designed to pump water up presence of the itinerant ironmaster, motes public recreation. Attendees split to 40' in elevation to farmhouses before Senaca Pettee, as suggested by Bill into groups for a tour of the plant. the days of rural electrification. Also on Edwards (of Richmond Furnace, MA, Among the tour leaders was Bill Dodge, display was a remarkable steamship experience). The furnace, which is -- PSNH hydro department electrician, built by the Eckdahls. The shop was about 31' tall as it stands, had been who gave a complete tour of the facility adorned with nostalgia-old oil and cleared of brush by several local people, from the turbine floor to the control pan gasoline signs, and original New but was considered too unstable for els to the underground tunnel that pass Hampshire license plates dating from Krista Butterfield (or anyone else, for es under the dam. The recently-con about 1910 through 1970 strung circum that matter) to examine the top. Other structed fish ladder was also viewed. ferentially around the shop in chrono structural remains include a wall sug 1brough the glass viewing ports, one logical order. From 10' flywheels to gesting a millrace and a depression could see Atlantic salmon, river herring, gasoline washing machines, it was cer which may have held the bellows engine American shad, and sea lamprey, all of tainly a site at which to reflect on tech for the furnace. A good time was had by which live in oceans but spawn in fresh nological change (Henry Ford would all, and a good start was made in study water. The station tour culminated with have loved this place). John Mayer was ing the site. viewing of exhibits at the small hydro largely responsible for this very success facility museum. ful day. On September 23, a memorial service for Bill Taylor was held at Plymouth The group was then given a brief tour of From September 9-11 (Friday through State College in Plymouth, New the Amoskeag Millyard by John Mayer, Sunday), the Chapter conducted an Hampshire, where he taught for many Director of the Manchester Historic archeological survey of the Franconia years. A large crowd of friends from the Association. The Amoskeag Manufac ironworks site in Franconia, New Chapter, the College, the Division of turing Company was organized in 1830 Hampshire, led by the affable ironman, Historical Resources, past and recent by the Boston Associates. It grew to Vic Rolando. Thee .octagonal granite students, people from all over the state include over thirty mill buildings, furnace stands on the west side of the and every walk of life attended. His stretching for 1-1/2 miles along the east Gale River, opposite the village down daughter, a number of colleagues and bank of the Merrimack River. At its town. Participants ranged in number friends recalled his life in brief talks for peak, thee company employed 17,000 from about eight to fifteen on the differ this "Celebration of William Taylor's workers and was the largest textile mill ent days, and preliminary mapping was Life." We will all remember Bill with in the world. It closed in 1935. Many of done with the help of equipment loaned affection and respect. its buildings have been adapted to new by the New Hampshire Division of uses. Historical Resources. The weather The most recent planned activity of the cooperated (rain threatened, but never NNEC-SIA was a visit to the Mt. The group had lunch at the Granite really materialized), and participants Washington Cog Railway on Saturday, Street Bar and Grille, a restaurant situat were treated to a great free breakfast at October 15, organized by Krista ed in the original Amoskeag Mill com Polly's (on the road to Sugar Hill) one Butterfield, Chapter Secretary. plex. The delicious lunch was accompa morning, and a delicious supper was nied by the business meeting. hosted by the Franconia Area Heritage Woodard D. Openo Council on Saturday night. This was Somersworth, N.H. In the afternoon, attendees had the followed by an informative and enter opportunity to see Elroy and Carlton taining slide lecture on ironmaking by Ekdahl's shop and engine collection. Vic. The council has created a visitors' President's Report, SNEC This unique shop is a showpiece for its center on the river bank opposite the fur owners' passion for antiquities-not just nace and has done much to raise local This past May, the Northern and the engines themselves, but also antique awareness of the need for its preserva Southern New England Chapters again chain saws and other power tools, black tion. Ms. Jewell Friedman of the held a joint recording weekend at the smithing equipment, a steam engine for Council, among others, helped to coor Richmond Iron Works site in drilling and pumping oil wells (with a dinate the weekend project and provide Richmond, Massachusetts. While last flywheel about 10' in diameter!), and a logistical support. The owner of the year's efforts focused on the furnace gasoline washing machine complete property on which the furnace stands area, this season's work shifted to the with meat grinder and butter churn was also most supportive. nearby Klondike Mine area, a dynamite attachments (does it brush your teeth, lA site in itself. After nearly eighty too?). The Eckdahls demonstrated an The furnace has the inscription "S. years of open-pit mining, the Richmond external combustion engine as well; this Pettee, Jr. 1859," memorializing the

2 company sank a 150-foot shaft here in he is working with Old Mill News to get The tour was followed by a brief busi 1905 and was soon extracting ten to information out on the mill to a wider, ness meeting and election of officers in twelve thousand tons of ore annually via national audience. Ben Pierson himself the GE parking lot. Officers for 1994- two miles of underground railroad. The is a national treasure, and we're grateful 95 are: Michael Steinitz, President (this operations included washing and crush that he took the time to lead us through is the last time, folks); Matt Kierstead, ing plants, a powerhouse, a timber his mill. Program Chair; Tom Vaughan, frame rail incline, and a shaft house. Secretary; and Jack Yerkes, Treasurer. The foundations and fragments of this Sadly, a second Newbury snuff mill, Thanks to Matt and Tom for pitching in long abandoned operation remain as evi now owned by the Town, is suffering to help keep the Chapter going, and to dence of an extensive system of interre from deterioration and neglect, open to Jack for his continued great work as lated activities that included numerous vandals and the elements. This mill was Treasurer! Those who did not have to charcoal kilns, limestone quarries, and the subject of an SNEC recording ses rush off to other engagements enjoyed other local mines. Victor Rolando, who sion in its better days under Ben lunch at Jake's Barbeque. Only a select led the recording session, rightly feels Pierson's ownership. We have written few made the post-lunch visit to the that this IA treasure trove would make to the Newbury Historical Commission Lynn Heritage State Park Visitor's an excellent summer field school loca to urge them to get the town to secure Center, with its wonderful exhibits on tion if we could only fmd a sponsoring this mill and preserve this important sur Lynn industrial history, including a peri institution. Thanks to all the SIAers vival of the town's industrial history. od video of the Building 34N test cell in who joined Bill Edwards and his dedi action. cated local group at Richmond. Too few On October I, over twenty SNECers and visitors (and residents) in the Berkshires guests took part in the Chapter's Fall The SNEC looks forward to hosting th~ appreciate how dramatically the iron Tour at the General Electric River Annual Conference on New England industry transformed the landscape of Works Plant in Lynn, Massachusetts. Industrial Archeology on February 4th, this region. Besides the mines and quar Those in attendance, once they passed 1995. See the announcement in this ries, the area was virtually deforested to security clearance, were presented with Newsletter for the details. supply charcoal for the furnaces in the free(!) copies of the Centennial Edition second half of the nineteenth century. of a history of the complex, River Michael Steinitz We hope to get National Register of Works. The tour was led by the book's Somerville, MA Historic Places recognition for the author, David Carpenter, who led the Richmond Furnace area in the not too group through various jet engine pro distant future. duction and assembly areas. Aircraft Editorial powered by GE engines manufactured In June, a small group of SNECers were here include the Blackhawk Helicopter The Northern New England Chapter treated to a tour of the Byfield Snuff and the Fll7 Stealth Fighter! The suffered a major blow this summer with Company Mill in Newbury, extensive plant complex retains a num the death of Bill Taylor, a past Chapter Massachusetts, led by millwright extra ber of historic buildings, including President who had helped to organize ordinaire Ben Pierson. Although the many "temporary" Worl

3 also parallel to two of the four "flat Andover and Wilmington R.R. Wilmington is the earlier example with original sections dating from the open tened" comers. ing ear of steam railroad operation. Surviving sections of the Andover and One initial reason for the eight sides was Wilmington Railroad have been located Arthur Krim thought to be to conserve building stone, in Andover, MA, dating from 1835, Cambridge, MA since the comers of the stack were among the earliest roadbeds discovered essentially cut-across. This feature also for the ftrst Massachusetts railroads. Franconia Furnace Recording appeared to strengthen the outer walls The original route remains intact from by eliminating the sharp comers that Lowell Junction Road to Philips Street Project tended to allow comer stones to loosen with an historical plaque at Andover September 9-11, 1994 and fall out. Archways were built into Street near Ballarvale set in 1982. The each main wall. original Andover and Wilmington oper Sixteen NNEC-SIA volunteer members ated from 1836-1848 to Andover Center and associates spent the chilly and It wasn't until it was noticed that one and Haverhill when it was replaced by a sometimes drizzling weekend of binder stuck out from each comer wall new location of the Boston & Maine to September 9th thru 11th measuring, (where the comer edge of the furnace Lawrence along the Shawsheen River. photographing, sketching, sighting, wall would have been) and later discov The original roadbed from Lowell clearing, and otherwise recording the ered that each binder was mechanically Junction to Andover Center was thus furnace stack and grounds along the connected to the inside iron casting, that abandoned, leaving the Andover & Gale River ~t Franconia, N.H. (see a technical relationship existed between Wilmington right-of-way intact for a Victor R. Rolando, ''The New the two. The inside casting provided a century and a half. Obvious sections of Hampshire Iron Works, Franconia, New strong anchor for the four binders, the Andover railroad can be seen in the Hampshire, 1805-1864," Society for which ran horizontally outward to each cut through Spring Grove Cemetery and Industrial Archeology - New England comer. The flattened comers of the fur along Abbot Street. More authentic seg Chapters, Vol 3, No. i, 1993, pp. 3-5). nace provided a flat surface for flat end ments can be followed near River Road The 3-day project was done at the plates (now missing) to be keyed to the at Hillcrest Street and over the request of Jewell Friedman and the four protruding binder ends. The four Shawsheen swam from Lowell Junction Franconia Area Heritage Council, who flat comers that make the stack eight Road. The most remarkable section is contacted the late Bill Taylor in a letter sided might therefore have provided for located north of Charlotte Drive off dated July 27, 1993. At the chapter fall a unique binding system. The iron Woburn Street where a graded roadbed annual meeting in Middlebury, Vic binders, each keyed against the outside remains almost intact save for the sec Rolando agreed to take the lead in mak wall and connected through the walls to ond growth trees behind a recent subur ing the project a reality. the inside castings, might be balancing ban development. According to compa outside and inside forces against each ny reports, the original route was sur A number of interesting features were other. veyed in June 1835 an opened for ser found at the site. The most obvious is vice in August 1836 with iron rails on the distinctive 8-sided shape of the Enough hardware was found atop, cedar ties, rather than the granite sleep stack, which is built of granite, caused inside, and about the stack to confmn ers of the Boston & Lowell. Thus, the by its four comers having been built flat the existence of a preheated blast. only surviving evidence of its early rail instead of out to the usual right-angle Likewise, ground features hint at possi road date is in the earthen grading of the edge. No other 8-sided, 19th-ceo~ ble locations for waterpower systems banked roadbed at Charlotte Drive. A stone blast furnace is known to extst, that powered blast and other works later extension of the railroad was made and its purpose has not been fully under machinery. Nearly buried wood crib to Bradford as the Andover and stood. Another interesting feature was bing betrayed location of the upstream Haverhill in October 1837 and is now found to be four massive iron castings, dam, which was also measured and doc the line of High Street in Andover and about head-high, around the inside of umented into the records. Analysis of Waverly Road through North Andover. the furnace. At frrst inspection they slag from the east side of the Gale River The other early Massachusetts railroad appeared to merely provide base support may provide insight about what kinds of grade remains from the Millbury Branch for the lining wall that appeared to rest ironworks operations existed on that in Millbury, recently abandoned by the upon it. Yet another interesting feature side. Initial analysis on some slag indi Penn Central, with a dry stone embank were the two low, narrow passageways cates a forge operated there at one time, ment intact near Dorothy Hill from that connected diagonally through the but it is not yet determined whether it Hastings Road at the Mass Pike under inside walls between the three tuyere was a bloomery or refmery. A "steel pass. Thus, the Andover and archways. The two passageways were furnace" was also supposed to have

4 operated there at an early time. Local only allowed the project to proceed but Eli Whitney Museum Mounts residents who showed up at the site also also let us use their facilities. Roger and New Exhibit shared what they knew of it; one led us Nancy Aldrich (Polly's Pancake Parlor) to evidence of the west side of the dam. provided all a complimentary Saturday In celebration of the tenth anniversary of breakfast. The chapter paid $183.61 for its opening, the Eli Whitney Museum in A folder of paper that represents the volunteers' lunches and other expenses. Whitneyville, Connecticut, opened a efforts of all who participated in the pro On Saturday night members of the new "permanent" exhibit in mid ject waits redrawing and interpretation. Franconia Area Heritage Council treated September, entitled ''Inventing Change: Meanwhile, slag analysis continues, and us to a great potluck supper at the Town the Whitney Legacy." Unlike the exhib photos are being accumulated. Anyone Hall, to which I responded with a slide it it replaces, this one treats of Eli with sharp black-and-white photos that illustrated ironworks interpretive pro Whitney as inventory of the cotton gin show any technical aspect of the record gram. We all got to know each other. (patented two hundred years ago in ing project are requested to please make 1794) as well as manufacturer of small a copy for the undersigned. If used in The project made all the newspapers. arms from 1798 to 1825 at the site of the any reports, the source will be acknowl When we arrived on Friday morning to present Museum. Accordingly, it dis edged. Two reports are planned for start work, we were greeted by a news plays cotton bolls, a Whitney-made issue. A short, ±35-page preliminary photographer who wanted someone to model of the cotton gin, and a transpar report will hopefully be out by the end stand atop the nearly 40-foot high, tee ent-sided model to demonstrate how it of 1994. The comprehensive ftnal tering stack for "a great picture." No worked. report should be published during the one volunteered. Reporters also visited spring of 1995. Copies of all reports and interviewed us for articles that The focus of the exhibit, however, is a will be made available to all project par appeared in The Boston Sunday Globe one-third size replica of the main build ticipants, the Franconia Area Heritage (Sunday, September 18, 1994, pg. ing of the armory that Whitney began Council, the property owners, and the NH12); The Union Leader, Manchester, erecting in 1798. It is equipped with to New Hampshire Division of Historical N.H. (Monday, September 12, 1994, pg. scale movable wooden workmen at Resources. 4); and possibly The Caledonian (St. small workbenches and machines that Johnsbury, VT) and The Courier run from belts, pulleys and lineshafting. Through the efforts of Jim Garvin, the (Littleton, N.H.). At one end of the building a law-breast N.H. Division generously loaned (and water wheel turns by water. Push-but trusted) us their transit and associated Victor R. Rolando tons activate an unseen electric pump to equipment for the weekend. As I wrote Manchester Ctr, VT recycle the water onto the wheel and in a thank-you letter to Gary Hume and electric motors to move men and Jim Garvin, " ...the transit got a good machines. The front of the building is workout, being used not only on flat, partly open and partly walled with plex clear ground, but at times on edges of iglass for visibility into the various embankments, on shaky boulders, and workrooms. Whitney's office is taste- even on ledges in shallow parts of the fully (and conjecturally) decorated with river. I wish I hadn't seen some of the a portrait of his promoter Thomas places I found the transit crew working." Jefferson and a sample case of miniature Jim also carried onward from existing (interchangeable?) muskets, while the research into the Franconia ironworks slide projection of a page from his and prepared a manuscript on the sub account book hovers over his desk. The ject (see James L. Garvin, "Chronology development of time discipline in the of the Development of the New early 19th century is symbolized by the Hampshire Iron Factory Company from factory bell, on whose rope a worker 1805 to 1884," New Hampshire pulls at the push ~f a button. Division of Historical Resources, May 1994, revised August 1994, pp 1-11). The scaled-down replica is modeled Jim's work proved valuable in helping End view of the Whitney Annory replica, after the building shown in William us understand what we observed at the showing Whitney's iron water wheel (mod Giles Munson's painting of the site in furnace site and grounds. eled in fiberglass). ~original was 14 feet 1826-1828, its dimensions taken from a in diameter, six feet wide. letter Whitney wrote in 1799. The Thanks go to the resident property own machines and tools are those mentioned ers, Kevin and Trish O'Brien, who not

5 and hand tools will allow visitors of all (or most) ages to make their own cap firing percussion locks from plywood, dowels, rubber bands, and thumbtacks. Individuals will each use the whole sequence of work stations or form into groups of specialists in certain opera tions, thereby practicing division of labor.

To complement the exhibit, a new brochure showing Munson's painting keyed to a map of the site allows the vis itor to wander about outside, relating the present day layout of structures to those of the early armory, so as to understand the many changes that have taken place.

Front view ofthe replica ofthe Whitney Annory machine and filing shop, ca. 1825. The orig The Eli Whitney Museum is located at inal was 72 feet long, 30 feet deep and two stories high. the corner of Armory Street and Whitney Avenue, at the foot of Lake Whitney, in Hamden, Connecticut, just north of New Haven. It is open 12 to 5 Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, and Sunday, and 10 to 3 on Saturday. Its telephone number is (203) 777-1833.

Carolyn Cooper Hamden, CT

Report of Historic Ironmaking Conference Clove Furnace Historic Site, Arden,NY . October 1-2,1994

Over 150 ironmongers from all over the country (and Ontario) gathered at the On the left, a model worker in the Whitney Annory replica machine and filing shop Clove Furnace Historic Site in Arden, uses a drill press to drill holes in a musket part. On the right, a worker runs a lathe. NY, on October 1st and 2nd for a week The line shafting is mostly square in cross-section but circular in bearings. end of papers and a forbidden tour. Program chair for the Conference was in the factory's probate inventory, made the work of many dedicated helpers, Edward J. Lenik, S.O.P.A. and Sheffield after Whitney's death in 1825. Museum some of whom not only framed the post Archaeological Consultants (NJ). The Director Bill Brown emphasizes that the and-beam structure but painstakingly Orange County Historical Society, exercise of making the model factory is cut down all the necessary clapboards whose headquarters is the historic site, an on-going learning experience that and shingles to one-third size! spared no expense in sponsoring the involves many educated guesses as to event. the location and appearance of the vari To represent "the second armory" on the ous manufacturing processes within the site, i.e., that of Eli Whitney, Jr. from The Clove Furnace Historic Site building, as well as the materials and 1842 to 1888, a production line of includes the standing ruin of the ca. finishing of the building itself. It takes special-purpose woodworking machines 1854-1885 Greenwood Anthracite

6 Furnace and associated buildings. photograph as much as we desired, raised and dry docked. She was cleaned Repaired and partially restored, visitors bringing home any "souvenirs" was to EPA standards in preparation for off can not only walk among the massive unfortunately forbidden by our govern shore scuttle. archways of the 37-foot-square base, but ment escorts. also inspect the top of the 54-foot-high Four independent marine surveys were stack by means of a walkway to the top. Iron masters/iron researcherslironmak done. Each found Luna to be structural A few hundred yards to the east is the ing conferences started in the early ly sound, retaining her historical signifi collapsed ruin of the predecessor ca. 1980s with Ed Rutsch being one of the cance, and worthy of restoration. The 1811-1871 Greenwood charcoal fur early movers of the "movement." MDC was denied the option to scuttle nace. Here were made the famous Gatherings occurred on and off down because emergence stabilization would Parrott guns of Civil War fame. through the years, always well-attended. satisfy the minimum leak rate require This year's at Arden, NY, marks three ment to float. Since that time the MDC Following a Saturday morning welcome conferences during the past four years. has failed to proceed, and Luna sits in by Michelle Figliomeni, O.C.H.S. dry dock subject to deterioration by President, six morning and seven after Victor R. Rolando neglect. noon papers were introduced by Ed Manchester Ctr, VT Lenik, conference chair. Robert B. The Preservation Society plans to Gordon presented an interesting pro Thg Restoration Planned acquire Luna and apply the necessary gram of "Ironmaking Technique protection safeguards to ensure a safe Revealed in Historic Photographs." The Luna Preservation Society has pro tow transit to a yard of reputable stan Other papers included ironworks sub posed a plan to restore the first diesel dards where rehabilitation of the hull jects in New Jersey, New York, electric tug built for commercial towing. and preservation of the main deck Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and house, pilot house and equipment may Ontario (Canada). The Ontario paper The 97.3 foot long Luna, under the juris be achieved within a reasonable scope touched on Canada-Vermont industrial of work. The cost is estimated to be diction of the Metropolitan District intrigue during the period immediately Commission (MDC) was removed from about $1.5 million. following the American Revolution and the Charles River Basin in the fall of up to Vermont statehood. SIA members 1992, where she had sat in the mud with Luna was designed by John Alden seen at the conference, in addition to her aft deck awash. Without a docking Company of Boston, and built in 1930 Bob Gordon, were Allen Hitchcock and contract Luna was allowed to sink along by M.M. Davis & Sons, Solomons, Ken and Grace Mciver. side a contractor's pier in 20 feet of salt Maryland. It has a displacement of 325 Sunday morning found a majority of the tons. Its diesel-electric engines pro water. In December, 1993, Luna was participants gathered at the village of Ft. duced 650 horsepower. Montgomery, for an escorted drive into the usually forbidden grounds of the West Point Military Reservation to inspect the standing ruin of the ca. 1790s-1800 blast furnace and surface remains of its associated ca. 1790s-1840 bloomery forge. The fully standing blast furnace ruin is in remarkable con dition considering its age; most believe its being on unaccessible US Government property since 1942 con tributed significantly to its preserved state.

Having worked only two weeks before at the Franconia, N.H., furnace site, some pieces of suspected bloomery slag were brought along and found to-be very similar in color and heft to slag found at this early 19th-century bloomery site. Tug Luna under way. Although we could explore, handle, and

7 Connecticut Industrial 1987 Documentation of the Cooper, C.C., R.B. Gordon, and H.V. Archeology Bibliography Farmington Canal Remains in Merrick Cheshire, Connecticut. Ms., 1982 Archaeological Evidence of Connecticut Archaeological Survey, Metallurgical Innovation at the Eli Artemel, Janice G. and Kristen Inc. Whitney Armory. IA, 8(1):1-12. Heintz 1983 Historical Documentation: 1988 An Archaeological Survey of 1982 Industrial Archeology at the Stamford Station and Stamford Street a Lead-Silver Mine Shaft in Norwalk. Whitney Gun Factory Site. Essays in Railroad Trolley Barn and Office Connecticut. Ms., Connecticut Arts and Sciences, 10:135-149. Building. Washington: U.S. Archaeological Survey, Inc. Department of Transportation. Crain, J. Larry and Allen R. 1988 An Archaeological Survey of Saltus, Jr. Artemel, Janice G., Andrea the 1886 Suspension Bridge between 1987 Spruce Brook Mill: Simeon Heintzelman-Muego and Margaret Windsor Locks and Warehouse Point, North's Pistol Factory, Berlin, Orelup Connecticut. Ms., Connecticut Connecticut. American Society ofAnns 1984 Bank Street Waterfront: New Archaeologiocal Survey Inc. Collectors, 57:61-70. London, Connecticut. Washington: Federal Railroad Administration. 1989 An Archaeological Survey of Cultural Resource Group the Versailles Woolen Mill in Sprague, 1988 Historic Structure Artemel, Janice G. Connecticut. Ms., Connecticut Documentation for Submarine Escape 1983 Historical Documentation: Archaeological Survey, Inc. Training Tank. Naval Submarine Base Four Movable Bridges of the New New London, Groton, Connecticut York. New Haven and Hartford 1991 Archaeological Investigations Ms., Louis Berger & Associates Inc. Railroad. Washington: Federal of the Quinebaug-Five Mile Pond Railroad Administration. Hydroelectric Project in Killingly and Cunningham, Janice P. and Stephen East Brooklyn, Connecticut. Ms., S. Dyson Bartovics, Albert F. Connecticut Archaeological Survey Inc. 1979 The Historic Archaeological 1977 An Historical Experiment in Survey of Northern Middlesex County, Anthropological Settlement. Cook, Lauren J. and John P. Phase I. Ms., Wesleyan University. Conference on Historic Site McCarthy Archaeology Papers 1975, 10:156-164. 1992 Archaeological Monitoring, Darnell, Victor Northeast Settlement Projects Pipeline 1979 Lenticular Bridges from East 1982 The Archaeology of Daniels Crossing of the Farmington Canal, New Berlin, Connecticut. IA, 5(1):19-32. Village: An Experiment in Settlement Haven County, Connecticut. Ms., John Archaeology. Ph.D. dissertation, Milner Associates. Donohue, Mary, Dawn Maddox and Brown University. Ann Arbor: David A. Poirier (eds.) University Microfilms. Cook, Lauren J ., David L. Weinberg, 1986 Waves on the Industrial Shore: Anne S. Dowd and John P. McCarthy Industrial Archaeology in Coastal 1984 Steps to An Ecology of 1990 An Evaluation ofEffect(s), Connecticut and Rhode Island. Human Enterprise: Lessons from Northeast Settlement Projects Pipeline Hartford: Society for Industrial Daniels Village, Connecticut. Man in Crossing of the Farmington Canal, New Archeology. the Northeast, 27:25-30. Haven County, Connecticut. Ms., John Milner Associates, Inc. Dowd, Anne S. and Jeanne A. Ward Clouette, Bruce and Matthew Roth 1989 "The Greatest Spirit and 1985 HAER Recording Project Cooper, C.C. Activity Prevailed:" Water-powered #CT-21, Naugatuck Rubber Footwear 1984 Eli Whitney's Armory: Myth, Industry in Killingly, Connecticut. 2 Plant. Ms., Historic Resource Machines, and Material Evidence. vols. Ms., John Milner Associates, Inc. Consultants Inc. Journal of the New Haven Colony Historical Society, 31:19-34. Esperdy, Gabrielle M., Corinne 1991 Connecticut's Historic Smith and Todd Thibodeau Highway Bridges. Connecticut Cooper, C.C. and K.L. Hall 1992 Connecticut's Merritt Department of Transportation. n.d. Windows on the Works: Parkway: History and Design. Connecticut Archaeological Survey, Industry on the Eli Whitney Site 1798- Washington, D.C.: HABS/HAER, Inc. 1979. Hamden: Eli Whitney Museum. National Park Service.

8 Galer, Gregory J. Mechanized Manufacturing. Gradie, Robert R.,ID, Mary G. 1993 Historical Assessment and Technology and Culture, 30:179-188. Soulsby and Kevin A. McBride Recommendations for the 1981 Eastern Highlands Water Rehabilitation of the Route 130 1992 Industrial Archeology of Power Survey. Archaeology Research Bascule Bridge (Yellow Mill Bridge), American Iron and Steel. /A, 18:5-18. Monographs No. 21, Storrs: Public Bridgeport, Connecticut. Ms., Public Archaeology Survey Team, Inc. Archaeology Laboratory Inc. Gordon, Robert B. and Michael S. Raber Bandsman, Russell G. Glover, Suzanne 1983 Archaeological Reconnais 1978 Knife Factories and 1989 Historic and Archaeological sance and Management Recommend Englishmen: The Impact of the Branch Reconnaissance Investigations, Hop ations for the Blast Furnace and Iron Brook Sewer on Nineteenth Century Brook Railroad Embankment at Hop and Steel Making Complex, Mine Hill Historic Resources. Ms., American Brook Dam Flood Control Area. Preserve, Roxbury, Connecticut. Ms., Indian Archaeological Institute. Naugatuck, Middlebury, Waterbury, Raber Associates. Connecticut. Ms., Public Archaeology 1978 Sawmills and Irishmen: An Laboratory, Inc. 1984 An Early American Integrated Exploration of the Historic Cultural Steelworks. /A, 10(1):17-34. Resources of Sawmill Road, Danbury, Gordon, Robert B. Connecticut. Ms., American Indian 1982 The Cost of Water Power in 1984 Partial Historical and Archaeological Institute. New England. Northeastern Archaeological Recording of the Ore Environmental Science, 102-110. Roasting Ovens: Mine Hill Iron and Harris, Frederic R., Inc. Steel Making Complex, Roxbury, 1979 Historic Documentation 1983 Material Evidence of the Connecticut. Ms., Raber Associates. Survey, Signal and Electrification Development of Metalworking Modernization Program, Conrail Technology at the Collins Axe Factory. Gordon, Robert B. and Geoffrey System, New Haven/New York State /A, 9(1):19-28. Tweedale Line Section and New Canaan Branch. 1990 Pioneering in Steelmaking at Ms., Connecticut Department of 1983 Cost and Use of Water Power the Collins Axe Factory. Journal ofthe Transportation. During Industrialization in New Historic Metallurgy Society. 24:1-11. England and Great Britain: A 1982 Historic Documentation, Geological Interpretation. Economic Gradie, Robert R., ill Comprehensive Description of History Review, Second Series, 36(2): 1986 Cultural Resource Assessment Automatic Signalization System on 240-259. of the Congdon Dam Hydroelectric New Haven Division of Conrail. Ms., Reactivation Project, Oxoboxo River, Connecticut Department of Transport 1983 Materials for Manufacturing: Montville, Connecticut. Ms., Hope ation. The Response of the Connecticut Iron Valley, RI: New Found Power Industry to Limited Resources and Company, Inc. Historic Resource Consultants Technological Change. Technology 1990 Connecticut Historic Bridge and Culture, 24:602-634. Gradie, Robert R., ill and David A. Inventory, Final Report: Inventory Poirier Phase. Ms., Connecticut Department of 1985 Hydrological Science and the 1988 Small Scale Hydropower Transportation. Development of Water Power for Development and Connecticut's Rural Manufacturing. Technology and IndustrialHeritage: Historical 1991 Connecticut Historic Bridge Culture, 26:204-235. Perspective as a Cultural Resource Inventory, Final Report: Preservation Management Approach. In Planning Plan. Ms., Connecticut Department of 1988 Who Turned the Mechanical for the Changing Rural Landscape of Transportation. Ideal into Mechanical Reality? New England: Blending Theory and Technology and Culture, 29:744-778. Practice. pp. 246-257. Durham, NH: 1993 Historical Documentation of New England Center. Congden Dam, Oxoboxo Brook, 1988 Material Evidence of the Montville, New London County, Manufacturing Methods Used in 1991 Small-scale Hydropower Connecticut. Ms., Historic Resource "Armory Practice." lA, 14:23-35. Development: Archaeological and Consultants Inc. Historical Perspectives from 1989 Simeon North, John Hall and Connecticut. /A, 17(2):47-66.

9 Juli, Harold New Haven: New Haven Colony Raber, Michael S. and Robert B. 1991 Historical Archaeology at Historical Society. Gordon Saybrook Point, Connecticut: 1986 Winchester Repeating Arms Excavation and Interpretation at an Northeast Utilities Service Company Company: Tract K Shooting Range, Archaeological and Historical Park. 1983 Cultural Resource Assessment New Haven, Connecticut. Ms., Northeast Historical Archaeology, Study, Housatonic River Hydrolelectric Raber Associates. 20:71-90. Project. Ms., Northeast Utilities Service Company. Raber, Michael S. and Patrick M. Kahn, Renee Malone 1992 Feasibility and Planning Poirier, David A. and Mary Donohue 1991 Historical Documentation, Study, The Historic Mills of Norwich, 1986 Federal Tax Incentives and River Canal Center Feasibility Study Connecticut, Stamford: Historic Industrial Archaeology: The and Master Plan, Windsor Locks Canal Neighborhood Preservation Program Connecticut Experience. IA, 12(1): 1-10. Heritage State Park. Ms., Raber Inc. and Elena Kalman, Architects. Associates. Raber Associates Killick, DJ. and R.B. Gordon 1984 Clark's Pond Dam. Hamden. Raber, Michael S. and Kevin A. Connecticut: Recording of Historic McBride 1987 Microstructures of Puddling Components. Ms., Raber Associates. 1988 Cultural Resource Assessment Slags from Fontley (England) and of Proposed Quinebaug River - Five Roxbury, Connecticut (USA). Journal Raber, Michael S. Mile River Hydroelectric Reactivation of the Historical Metallurgy Society, 1981 Farmington Canal Lock No. Project: Killingly and East Brooklyn. 21:28-36. 13, Hamden, Connecticut: An Connecticut. Ms., Raber Associates. Assessment of Significance. Ms., King, Marsha K. Raber Associates. Raber, Michael S., Robert B. Gordon 1988 Archaeological Survey of the and Patrick M. Malone Daniels Village Project Area, Killingly, 1981 The Farmington Canal in 1987 Historic Resources Assess Connecticut. 2 vols. Ms., Public Simsbury, Connecticut: Assessment of ment, F and G Tracts, Winchester Archaeology Laboratory, Inc. Significance and Mitigation Repeating Arms Company Complex, Recommendations for a Section New Haven, Connecticut. Ms., Raber Kirkorian, Cecelia S. and Joseph D. Subject to Sewerage Facility Impacts. Associates. Zeranski Ms., Raber Associates. 1981 Investigations of a Colonial Roth, Matthew New England Roadway. Northeast 1986 Patch Street Bridge, Danbury, 1981 Connecticut: An Inventory of Historical Archaeology, 10:1-10. Connecticut. Ms., Raber Associates. Historic Engineering and Industrial 1988 Willimantic Linen Company Sites. Washington, D.C.: Society for McBride, Kevin A. Hydro-electric Facilities, Mills 1,2, and Industrial Archaeology. 1985 Historical/Archaeological 5, Willimantic, Connecticut. Ms., Survey: 305, 313, and 317 Church Raber Associates. Roth, Matthew W. and Bruce Street, Putnam. Connecticut. Ms., Clouette Public Archaeology Survey Team. Inc. 1989 Cultural Resource Investiga 1982 Simsbury Gristmill: Report tions for 115 KV Transmission Line. on Historical Machinery. Archaeology Moore, Colette B. Enfield Canal, Windsor Locks, Research Manuscript Series, Public 1979 The Amesville Historic Connecticut. Ms., Raber Associates. Archaeology Survey Team. Inc. Complex: Description and Interpretation. In Hunters and 1990 Archaeological Investigations Shayt, David H. Gatherers, Villages and Farms: A at the Joseph Danforth, Sr., Houselot 1993 Elephant under Glass: The Preservation Plan for Litchfield and the Thomas Danforth II Pewter Piano Key Bleach House of Deep County's Past. Russell G. Bandsman. Shop Site, Middletown. Connecticut. River, Connecticut. IA, 19(1):37-59. ed., pp. 28-44. Washington: American Ms., Raber Associates. Indian Archaeological Institute. Starbuck, David R. 1992 Reconnaissance Cultural 1975 Industrial Archaeology at the New Haven Colony Historical Society Resource Survey for Proposed Site of Eli Whitney's Gun Factory. In 1974 Preservation of the Eli Natchaug River Water Power Project The Completion of Independence in Whitney Gun Factory Site and its in Mansfield. Connecticut. Ms., Raber New Haven, pp. 41-47. New Haven: Potential as an Historical Museum. Associates. New Haven Colony Historical Society.

10 1977 Archaeological Research at 1994 The Historic Photographic and Vermont the Eli Whitney Factory Site. Journal Drawings for Buildings Found on of the New Haven Colony Historical Site of the Former American Thread A conservation assessment of the "Brick Society, 25(1):6-27. Company and Its Predecessor the Kingdom" 20th century Piano Action Willimantic Linen Company at 322 Factories in Barton, VT, took place over 1978 The Utility of Industrial Main Street, Willimantic, Connecticut. the summer and fall of 1994. Thomas Archaeology at the Eli Whitney Ms., Windham Textile and History Visser of the Historic Preservation Armory: A Reply to Woodbury. Museum Inc. Program of the University of Vermont Technology and Culture, (3):609-611. and Jan Lewandoski from "Restoration 1994 The Historic Salvage and Traditional Building" of 1981 Industrial Archaeology and the Inventory for Buildings Found on Greensboro Bend, Vermont, worked on Eli Whitney Controversy. Journal of Site of the Former American Thread the project, which was funded by the the New Haven Colony Historical Company and Its Predecessor the National Trust for Historic Preservation Society, 28(1):35-42. Willimantic Linen Company at 322 Services Fund and the Ellis L. Phillips Main Street, Willimantic, Connecticut. Foundation of Boston, MaSsachusetts. Stewart, Robert C. Ms., Windham Textile and History The Crystal Lake Falls Historical 1993 The New York, New Haven & Museum Inc. Association hopes to use the study to Hartford Railroad, Cos Cob Power make an historical park on the three Plant. Ms., Historic American Worrell, John plus-acre site. Engineering Record. HAER No. Cf- 1984 Hervey Brooks' Pottery, 142A. Goshen, Connecticut. In Unearthing The Piano Action Factory of Wessell, New England's Past: The Ceramic Nickel and Gross was one of many mills Thorson, Robert M. Evidence, pp. 57-62. Lexington: and factories on Crystal Lake Falls in 1992 Remaking the Wetlands in Museum of Our National Heritage. Barton from the 1790s to 1940. Lebanon, Connecticut: Cultural and Natural Changes in the Postglacial 1985 Ceramic Production and the In July 1994 the Crystal Lake Falls Epoch. Connecticut Department of Exchange Network of an Agricultural Historic District was named to the Transportation and University of Neighborhood. In Domestic Pottery of National Register. Connecticut Department of Civil the Northern United States, 1625-1850. Engineering. Sarah Peabody Turnbaugh, ed., pp. Robin Tenny 153-169. New York: Academic Barton, VT Thoroson, Robert M. and Sandra Press. Harris 1991 How "Natural" are Inland Worrell, John, James R. Blackaby, Book on Vermont Archeology Wetlands? An Example from the Trail William S. Gates and Linda Ammons Wins Award Wood Audubon Sanctuary in 1980 The Cultural Resources of Connecticut, USA. Environmental Historic Phoenixville. Ms., Sturbridge, The Vermont Archaeological Society's Management, 15(5):675-687. Massachusetts: Old Sturbridge Village. Journal of Vermont Archaeology was awarded a Special Merit Award by the Wilson, Kenneth M. REVISED: 10.12.94 Vermont Book Publishers Association 1963 The Glastonbury Glass on October 22, 1994. The Journal was Factory Company. Journal of Glass David A. Poirier edited by David R. Starbuck, who also Studies, 5:116-132. Robert R. Gradie wrote the Preface arid Introduction. Vermont State Archaeologist Giovanna Windham Textile and History Peebles wrote the Foreword. It was Museum Inc. printed by The Printed Word, Inc. 1994 The Historic Documentation (Dennis Howe) of Concord, N.H. of the Site of the Former American Thread Company and Its Predecessor The 176-page journal was produced in 8 the Willimantic Linen Company at 322 112 by l-inch format, contains 76 illus Main Street, Willimantic, Connecticut. trations, and sells for $19.95 plus $2.00 Ms., Windham Textile and History S&H. Ten articles are included in the Museum Inc. journal, covering prehistoric, historic,

11 military, industrial, and nautical arche Rolando Sells Milestone Copy As Ed Rutsch said in his review, "[It] is ology. The hundreds of bibliographic of his Book a basic industrial archeological research references alone make this a valuable volume that you will want on your research tool. (Over 100 of 500 printed Vic Rolando reports the sale of the bookshelf. Get one while they last." have been sold.) 1,000th copy of his book. 200 Years of For information, contact Vic Rolando. Soot and Sweat: The History and The book was reviewed and judged by Archeology of Vermont's Iron, Prof. Paul Eschholz of the University of Charcoal, and Lime Industries. The Vermont's Department of English. The 1,000th copy was part of a multi-book award was presented by Joe Cutts of order by the Lake Champlain Maritime The Burlington Free Press at an awards Museum for their bookstore at Basin Call For Papers dinner in the Capitol Plaza (formerly Harbor, Vf. Self-published in 1992, for the Eight Annual Tavern Motor Inn) in Montpelier, Vf. most sales have been through direct Accepting for the Vermont Conference on New England sales; most of these outside Vermont Archaeological Society was Vic Industrial Archeology (five copies to Europe; one of these to Rolando, outgoing VAS President. Russia). Approximately 60 publishers attended To be held February 4, 1995 the event, which saw awards go to 17 Boston Naval Shipyard The book has received favorable Vermont-published books. Charlestown, Massachusetts reviews both in this publication and in the SIA journal (see review by Ed For content or ordering information, See Page 1 for details! Rutsch in lA. Vol 19, No. 11, 1993, pp. contact Vic Rolando at (802)362-4382, 73-74). It also received a Special Merit or write Heritage Mountain Press, P.O. Award in 1993 by the Vermont Book Box 1812, Manchester Ctr, Vf., 05255. Publishers Association. ------NEW MEMBERS Northern New England : Southern New England: SOUGHT ___ Regular $10.00 U.S. ___ Regular $10.00 U.S. Both the Southern & Northern New England Chapters ___ Student $3.00 u.s. ___ Student $5.00 U.S. are eagerly seeking Make checks payable to: Nonhero New ___ Life $100.00 u.s. NEW MEMBERS England Chapter, Society for Industrial Archeology. and mail to: Make checks payable to: Southern New England Chapter, Society for Industrial Vic Rolando Archeology, and mail to: Treasurer, NNEC-SIA RRl - Box 1521 -3 Jack Yerkes MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION Manchester Center, VT 05255 Treasurer, SNEC-SIA 108 Mountain Extension Road To apply for membership in either Tariffville, CT 06081 the Southern or Northern New England Chapter of the Society for Industrial Archeology please fill out the following Nrume: ------form. Membership in either Chapter Address: automatically includes a subscription to the Newsletter. Telephone: