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Review on Biodiesel Standardization World-Wide

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Review on Biodiesel Standardization World-Wide REVIEW ON BIODIESEL STANDARDIZATION WORLD-WIDE Prepared for IEA Bioenergy Task 39, Subtask „Biodiesel“ Prepared by BLT Wieselburg, www.blt.bmlfuw.gv.at Heinrich Prankl Werner Körbitz Martin Mittelbach Manfred Wörgetter IEA Bioenergy May 2004 REVIEW ON BIODIESEL STANDARDIZATION WORLD-WIDE Prepared for IEA Bioenergy Task 39, Subtask „Biodiesel“ Prepared by BLT Wieselburg, www.blt.bmlfuw.gv.at Heinrich PRANKL BLT – Federal Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Wieselburg, Austria Werner KÖRBITZ ABI – Austrian Biofuels Institute, Vienna, Austria Martin MITTELBACH Institute of Chemistry – University Graz, Austria Manfred WÖRGETTER BLT – Federal Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Wieselburg, Austria With contributions from: Steve HOWELL MARC IV, USA Daniel SHEEDY Australian Government Department of the Environment and Heritage Renè PIGEON Natural Resources Canada Luiz P. RAMOS Universidade Federal do Paraná Rua Francisco H. dos Santos, Brazil Claudia REMSCHMIDT Institute of Chemistry – University Graz, Austria May 2004 Published by: Manfred Wörgetter BLT – Bundesanstalt für Landtechnik Federal Institute of Agricultural Engineering Rottenhauserstr. 1, A 3250 Wieselburg [email protected] Editorial IEA Bioenergy, an international collaboration in Bioenergy, aims to accelerate the use of environmentally sound and cost-competitive bioenergy on a sustainable basis, and thereby achieve a substantial contribution to future energy demands. (www.ieabioenergy.com/). The main objectives of Task 39 “Liquid Biofuels” are to work jointly with governments and industry to identify and eliminate non-technical environmental and institutional barriers which impede the use of liquid fuels from biomass in the transportation sector, and to identify remaining technological barriers to Liquid Biofuels technologies. IEA Bioenergy Task 39 "Liquid Biofuels" is currently composed of 10 countries (Austria, Canada, Denmark, European Union, Finland, Ireland, The Netherlands, Sweden, USA and UK) interested in working together to successfully introduce biofuels for transportation into the marketplace. This Task reviews both technical and policy/regulatory issues and provides participants with comprehensive information that will assist them with the development and deployment of biofuels for motor fuel use www.forestry.ubc.ca/task39/GT4/Frames/home.html). The extent to which biofuels have entered the marketplace varies significantly by country. The reasons for these differences are complex and include a variety of policy and market issues. While biofuels offer significant potential, the prices of biofuels are higher than their petroleum equivalents. As a result, biofuels have been successfully implemented only in those countries that have recognized the value of those benefits and have made appropriate policy decisions to support biofuels (www.liquid-biofuels.com/FinalReport1.html). Standardization is one of the key issues in the development of new products and markets. For the producers and distributors of Biodiesel, standards are a vital necessity. Legislators and authorities need approved standards for the evaluation of safety and environmental risks. The development of engines, vehicles and equipment is based on the properties of the fuel; the range of the fuel parameters must be limited. The development of a new standard is complex and long-lasting task even on the national level. International standardization is the result of the co-operation of national standardization organization and enables the development international markets. In respect of this aspects BLT has initiated this review on Biodiesel Standardization worldwide. The study describes general aspects of the standardization process, important regulations and recommendations as well as and the state of the standardization in Europe, North America, Australia and Brazil. Thanks to the good contacts of the authors it reflects the actual state of the Biodiesel standardization worldwide. Standardization of biofuels is “work in progress”, and therefore the Liquid Biofuels Task will try to continue the monitoring of the development. M. Wörgetter Wieselburg, 06 May. 04 Content Page 1 Content 1 General aspects of standardization...................................................................................3 1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................3 1.2 Standardization in CEN..............................................................................................3 1.2.1 Aims and principles of creating new standards ..................................................4 1.2.2 Levels of standardization ....................................................................................4 1.2.3 Types of European standards and technical specifications................................5 1.2.4 European policy of standardization.....................................................................5 1.2.5 The organization of CEN ....................................................................................6 1.2.6 The CEN process ...............................................................................................8 1.3 Standardization in United States of America ...........................................................12 1.3.1 ASTM in general ...............................................................................................12 1.3.2 Development of standards................................................................................13 1.3.3 Mission Statement ............................................................................................12 1.3.4 Principles ..........................................................................................................13 1.4 Standardization at ISO.............................................................................................14 1.4.1 ISO in general...................................................................................................14 1.4.2 ISO standardization process.............................................................................14 1.4.3 ISO strategies ...................................................................................................14 2 Important regulations and recommendations for transport fuels.....................................16 2.1 European Directive on fuel quality ...........................................................................16 2.2 The World-Wide Fuel Charter ..................................................................................20 2.2.1 Overview...........................................................................................................20 2.2.2 Members list .....................................................................................................21 2.2.3 Definition of categories and related diesel fuel properties: ...............................21 2.2.4 Technical background for harmonized diesel fuel recommendations...............22 2.2.5 Fatty-acid-methyl-ester (FAME)........................................................................23 3 Development of Biodiesel standards...............................................................................25 3.1 History of biodiesel standardization in Europe.........................................................25 3.1.1 Austria...............................................................................................................25 3.1.2 Czech Republic.................................................................................................25 3.1.3 France...............................................................................................................25 3.1.4 Germany ...........................................................................................................25 3.1.5 Italy ...................................................................................................................26 3.1.6 Sweden.............................................................................................................26 3.2 Biodiesel standardization in CEN.............................................................................26 3.2.1 CEN/TC19/WG24: Specification of automotive diesel / Task Force ‘Biodiesel’27 3.2.2 CEN/TC19/WG25: Specification of FAME used as fuel for heating .................28 3.2.3 CEN/TC19/WG26: Verification of FAME related fuel test methods ..................28 3.2.4 CEN/TC307/WG1: Test methods on FAME .....................................................28 3.3 Biodiesel standardization in United States...............................................................29 3.3.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................29 3.3.2 Biodiesel Markets in the United States: Background and History....................29 3.3.3 US Biodiesel standard history...........................................................................30 3.3.4 Biodiesel standard ............................................................................................31 3.3.5 Pure specification vs. blend specification .........................................................33 3.3.6 Provisional ASTM biodiesel standard ...............................................................34 IEA Bioenergy – Liquid Biofuels May 2004 Page 2 Content 3.3.7 After ASTM PS 121 ..........................................................................................35
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