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Rain Garden Plant Guide City of Greenville, South Carolina 2 Rain Garden Plant Guide Cleveland Park Project

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Rain Garden Plant Guide City of Greenville, South Carolina 2 Rain Garden Plant Guide Cleveland Park Project Rain Garden Plant Guide City of Greenville, South Carolina 2 Rain Garden Plant Guide Cleveland Park Project Rain Gardens are effective and attractive gardens designed for capturing and absorbing rain water. Numerous guides and instructions are available on-line and in your local library to help you construct a rain garden in your yard or neighborhood. This guide was developed to assist the Greenville community with the plant selection for their own rain gardens. This Rain Garden Plant Guide was developed by Christa Jordan, a graduate student of the Clemson University Landscape Architecture program. It was prepared in conjunction with Dr. Robert Hewitt, Clemson University, and Brian Graham, City of Greenville. The following organizations provided valuable input: Greenville Zoo, City of Greenville Parks and Recreation Department, Upstate Forever, Appalachian Council of Governments and the South Carolina Native Plant Society. July 2010 Rain Garden Plant Guide 3 Greenville, SC Rain gardens, along with wetlands, bioswales, and other types of “green infrastructure” help protect our water resources by filtering stormwater runoff. Stormwater runoff is rainfall that is not absorbed into the soil. This rainwater collects and runs across the land, collecting along the way pollutants such as oil and gas, lawn fertilizers, and pet waste. Since these sources of pollution are each individually small and occur at many different locations, they are collectively termed “nonpoint sources” of pollution. According to South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control, nonpoint source pollution is the leading source of water quality problems. The South Carolina Department of Natural Resources in 2001 published a water and habitat quality assessment of the Reedy River Corridor in The Reedy River Report, Managing a Watershed. This report states that the delicate stream-side ecosystems have been significantly damaged, especially around urban centers, such as downtown Greenville (Beasley 2001). This has led the water quality classification in the city to be “poor,” compared to “good” elsewhere in the watershed (Beasley 2001). The Reedy River is located within the Saluda-Reedy watershed. The Saluda-Reedy River watershed covers 1,165 mi2, and includes portions of Pickens, Greenville, Williamston, Anderson, Laurens, Abbeville, Greenwood, Newberry, and Spartanburg Counties (Pasula 2004). The Reedy River is 73 miles long, beginning in Travelers Rest, SC through downtown Greenville and feeds into Lake Conestee in Laurens County before becoming part of the Saluda River and eventually Lake Greenwood. Cleveland Park Trail Rehabilitation Project The plants selected for the rain garden are native, and therefore provide additional ecological benefits. Native plants attract birds and butterflies with their foliage, flowers, fruit and seed. These gardens will also serve as a seed source of native plants for the surrounding areas, increasing the chance that these plants will reproduce and grow elsewhere in the garden. Lastly, native plants are naturally adapted to our climate, soils, and rainfall, and generally require less care and maintenance. When possible, plants were selected also on their ability to remove harmul pollutants from the stormwater, a process known as phytoremediation. Japanese Knotwood is an The rain garden project along the Reedy River in Cleveland Park, invasive exotic that is prevalent Greenville, SC began in 2010 as collaboration between the City of Greenville and Clemson University’s Landscape Architecture graduate along the river bank in program. As the project began to take shape, input was saught from Cleveland Park. community members such as Upstate Forever, SC Native Plant Society, and Clemson Extension. The project was planned to coincide with the resurfacing and grading of the Swamp Rabbit Trail between Woodland Way and Cleveland Park Drive. The goal of this project is to protect the Reedy River from surface water runoff, and to demonstrate rain garden benefits to the Greenville community. The banks of the Reedy are steep in this area, and the vegetation is dominated by the invasive, exotic Japanese Knotweed (Fallopia japonica). This invasive plant is difficult to eradicate, and damages natural systems by displacing more beneficial native plants. Management of the Knotweed currently consists of periodic mowing and cutting back the plant. For this reason, it was decided to maintain www.nps.gov a narrow mow strip along the back of each rain garden. 4 Rain Garden Plant Guide Cleveland Park Project Index of Plants The index above lists plants by common name. Primary characteristics are given in short-hand, and more detail can be found on the corresponding page. Wet (w), Bloom Bloom Ever- Sun/ Page Common Name Latin Name Height Moist (m), Color Time green Shade Number Dry (d) Heuchera Alumroot white April - May 1.5 inches y Shade m 8 americana Carpinus Part-sun American Hornbeam orange October 20 to 35 n m 6 caroliniana to Shade Callicarpa purple October - Sun to Beautyberry 4 to 6 n d, m 5 americana fruit January Shade Beebalm Monarda didyma red May - June 2 to 4 n Sun m 10 June - Blazing Star Liatris spicata purple 1.5 to 3 n Sun w 9 October September - Boltonia Boltonia asteroides white 2 to 6 n Sun w, d 5 December Eupatorium June - Sun to Boneset white 3 to 6 n w, m 7 perfoliatum October Part-shade Andropogon Bushy Bluestem * * 2 to 5 y Sun w 4 glomeratus Butterfly Weed Asclepis tuberosa orange May - June 1.5 to 2 n Sun d 4 August - Sun to Cardinal Flower Lobelia cardinalis red 2 to 4 n w 9 October Part-shade Geranium Cranesbill pink April 1 to 2 y Sun m, d 7 maculatum Sun to Creek Sedge Carex blanda green March - June 1 to 3 y m, d 5 Shade Part-sun July - Cutleaf Coneflower Rudbeckia laciniata yellow 4 to 6 n to Part- m 11 October shade Sun to Dwarf Summersweet Clethra alnifolia white June - July 3 n w, m 6 Shade Sun to Dwarf Sweetspire Itea virginica white May - June 3 n w 9 Shade Tripsacum Eastern Gamagrass * April - June 3 to 6 y Part-shade m 12 dactyloides Gaultheria June - 2 to 6 Eastern Teaberry white y Shade d 7 procumbens August inches Maianthemum False Solomon's Seal white March - June 1 to 3 n Shade m 9 racemosum Foamflower Tiarella cordifolia white May 1 y Shade m 12 Solidago August - Goldenrod yellow 1.5 to 5 n Sun m 11 canadensis October Sorghastrum Sun to Indiangrass * October 4 to 5 n w, m 12 nutans Shade Ilex glabra Sun to Inkberry Holly * * 4 to 6 y w, m, d 8 ‘Compacta’ Shade Eupatorium July - Joe - Pye Weed pink 2 to 6 n Sun m 7 dubium September Schizachyrium Sun to Little Bluestem * August 2 to 4 n m, d 11 scoparium Part-shade Podophyllum Mayapple white June - July 1 to 1.5 n Shade m 11 peltatum * not applicable Rain Garden Plant Guide 5 Greenville, SC Wet (w), Bloom Bloom Ever- Sun/ Page Common Name Latin Name Height Moist (m), Color Time green Shade Number Dry (d) Narrow-leaved Helianthus September - Sun to gold 1.5 to 5 n w 8 Sunflower angustifolius October Part-shade October - New England Aster Aster novae-angliae blue 2 to 3 n Sun m 4 November Muelenbergia August - Pink Muhly pink 1.5 to 4 y Sun m 10 capilaris October Chasmanthium Sun to River Oats * * 2 to 5 n w, m 6 latifolium Shade Amelanchier Sun to Serviceberry white May 15 to 25 n m 4 canadensis Shade Sun to Soft Rush Juncus effusus * * 4 n w 9 Part-shade Tradescantia Sun to Spiderwort purple April - July 2 y m 12 virginiana Shade Sun to Stokes Aster Stokesia laevis blue May - July 1 to 1.5 y w 12 Part-shade June - Sweet flag Acorus calamus yellow 3 to 6 n Sun w 4 August Panicum virgatum Sun to Switchgrass * * 3 to 4 n w 10 ‘Heavy Metal’ Part-shade July - Tall Tickseed Coreopsis tripteris yellow 3 to 6 n Sun m, d 6 September Sun to Tussock Sedge Carex stricta brown May - June 1 to 3 n w, m 5 Part-shade Sun to Wax Myrtle Morella cerifera * * 3 to 6 y w, m, d 10 Part-shade White indigo Baptisia alba white May 2 to 3 n Sun m, d 5 July - White Turtlehead Chelone glabra white 2 to 3 n Sun w, m 6 September Parthenium Sun to Wild Quinine white June - July 1 to 3 n m, d 11 integrifolium Part-shade Ilex verticilata ‘Red December - Sun to Winterberrry Holly Sprite’ and ‘Jim red fruit 3 to 10 n w, m, d 8 February Shade Dandy’ Hamamelis September - Sun to Witchhazel orange 10 to 15 n w, m, d 7 virginiana December Shade Ilex vomitoria Sun to Yaupon Holly * * 3 to 5 y w, m, d 8 ‘Nana’ Shade * not applicable 6 Rain Garden Plant Guide Cleveland Park Project Rain Garden plants are adapted to periods of high rainfall as well as drought. Bushy New England Sweet flag Serviceberry Bluestem Butterfly Weed Aster Acorus calamus Amelanchier Andropogon Asclepis tuberosa Aster canadensis glomeratus novae-angliae www.wildflower.org, photo by S. and A. Wasowski www.wildflower.org, photo by JA Marcus www.wildflower.org, photo by S. Bloodworth www.wildflower.org, photo by S. and A. Wasowski www.mobot.org, photo by Missouri Botanical Garden An aromatic plant In the spring the Bushy Bluestem’s This bright and This aster produces suitable for wet Serviceberry’s white fluffy white flower showy perennial is a deep violet flowers in areas. Botanists blooms emerge heads do indeed boon to wildlife and fall; fuzzy seedheads. cannot agree before the leaves, catch the light and flower lovers alike. May have 40 flowers whether this is and typically coincide glow above blue- The red-orange at once; flowers with a native North with the emergence green summer blooms emerge in red centers have American plant or an of our native cherry foliage and coppery early summer and been pollinated.
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