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Rain Guide of Greenville, South Carolina 2 Garden Plant Guide Cleveland Project

Rain are effective and attractive gardens designed for capturing and absorbing rain water. Numerous guides and instructions are available on-line and in your local library to help you construct a in your yard or neighborhood. This guide was developed to assist the Greenville community with the plant selection for their own rain gardens.

This Rain Garden Plant Guide was developed by Christa Jordan, a graduate student of the Clemson University Architecture program. It was prepared in conjunction with Dr. Robert Hewitt, Clemson University, and Brian Graham, City of Greenville. The following organizations provided valuable input: Greenville , City of Greenville and Recreation Department, Upstate Forever, Appalachian Council of Governments and the South Carolina Native Plant Society.

July 2010 Rain Garden Plant Guide 3 Greenville, SC

Rain gardens, along with , , and other types of “” help protect our water resources by filtering runoff. Stormwater runoff is rainfall that is not absorbed into the soil. This rainwater collects and runs across the land, collecting along the way pollutants such as oil and gas, , and pet waste. Since these sources of pollution are each individually small and occur at many different locations, they are collectively termed “nonpoint sources” of pollution. According to South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control, nonpoint source pollution is the leading source of water quality problems. The South Carolina Department of Natural Resources in 2001 published a water and habitat quality assessment of the Reedy River Corridor in The Reedy River Report, Managing a Watershed. This report states that the delicate stream-side ecosystems have been significantly damaged, especially around urban centers, such as downtown Greenville (Beasley 2001). This has led the water quality classification in the city to be “poor,” compared to “good” elsewhere in the watershed (Beasley 2001). The Reedy River is located within the Saluda-Reedy watershed. The Saluda-Reedy River watershed covers 1,165 mi2, and includes portions of Pickens, Greenville, Williamston, Anderson, Laurens, Abbeville, Greenwood, Newberry, and Spartanburg Counties (Pasula 2004). The Reedy River is 73 miles long, beginning in Travelers Rest, SC through downtown Greenville and feeds into Lake Conestee in Laurens County before becoming part of the Saluda River and eventually Lake Greenwood.

Cleveland Park Rehabilitation Project The selected for the rain garden are native, and therefore provide additional ecological benefits. Native plants attract and with their foliage, , fruit and seed. These gardens will also serve as a seed source of native plants for the surrounding areas, increasing the chance that these plants will reproduce and grow elsewhere in the garden. Lastly, native plants are naturally adapted to our climate, soils, and rainfall, and generally require less care and maintenance. When possible, plants were selected also on their ability to remove harmul pollutants from the stormwater, a process known as . Japanese Knotwood is an The rain garden project along the Reedy River in Cleveland Park, invasive exotic that is prevalent Greenville, SC began in 2010 as collaboration between the City of Greenville and Clemson University’s graduate along the river bank in program. As the project began to take shape, input was saught from Cleveland Park. community members such as Upstate Forever, SC Native Plant Society, and Clemson Extension. The project was planned to coincide with the resurfacing and grading of the Swamp Rabbit Trail between Woodland Way and Cleveland Park Drive. The goal of this project is to protect the Reedy River from runoff, and to demonstrate rain garden benefits to the Greenville community. The banks of the Reedy are steep in this area, and the is dominated by the invasive, exotic Japanese Knotweed (Fallopia japonica). This invasive plant is difficult to eradicate, and damages natural systems by displacing more beneficial native plants. Management of the Knotweed currently consists of periodic mowing and cutting back the plant. For this reason, it was decided to maintain www.nps.gov a narrow mow strip along the back of each rain garden. 4 Rain Garden Plant Guide Cleveland Park Project

Index of Plants The index above lists plants by common name. Primary characteristics are given in short-hand, and more detail can be found on the corresponding page.

Wet (w), Bloom Bloom Ever- Sun/ Page Common Name Latin Name Height Moist (m), Color Time green Shade Number Dry (d) Heuchera Alumroot white April - May 1.5 inches y Shade m 8 americana Carpinus Part-sun American Hornbeam orange October 20 to 35 n m 6 caroliniana to Shade Callicarpa purple October - Sun to Beautyberry 4 to 6 n d, m 5 americana fruit January Shade Beebalm Monarda didyma red May - June 2 to 4 n Sun m 10 June - Blazing Star Liatris spicata purple 1.5 to 3 n Sun w 9 October September - Boltonia Boltonia asteroides white 2 to 6 n Sun w, d 5 December Eupatorium June - Sun to Boneset white 3 to 6 n w, m 7 perfoliatum October Part-shade Andropogon Bushy Bluestem * * 2 to 5 y Sun w 4 glomeratus Asclepis tuberosa orange May - June 1.5 to 2 n Sun d 4 August - Sun to Cardinal Lobelia cardinalis red 2 to 4 n w 9 October Part-shade Geranium Cranesbill pink April 1 to 2 y Sun m, d 7 maculatum Sun to Creek Sedge Carex blanda green March - June 1 to 3 y m, d 5 Shade Part-sun July - Cutleaf Coneflower Rudbeckia laciniata yellow 4 to 6 n to Part- m 11 October shade Sun to Dwarf Summersweet Clethra alnifolia white June - July 3 n w, m 6 Shade Sun to Dwarf Sweetspire Itea virginica white May - June 3 n w 9 Shade Tripsacum Eastern Gamagrass * April - June 3 to 6 y Part-shade m 12 dactyloides Gaultheria June - 2 to 6 Eastern Teaberry white y Shade d 7 procumbens August inches Maianthemum False Solomon's Seal white March - June 1 to 3 n Shade m 9 racemosum Foamflower Tiarella cordifolia white May 1 y Shade m 12 Solidago August - Goldenrod yellow 1.5 to 5 n Sun m 11 canadensis October Sorghastrum Sun to Indiangrass * October 4 to 5 n w, m 12 nutans Shade Ilex glabra Sun to Inkberry Holly * * 4 to 6 y w, m, d 8 ‘Compacta’ Shade Eupatorium July - Joe - Pye Weed pink 2 to 6 n Sun m 7 dubium September Schizachyrium Sun to Little Bluestem * August 2 to 4 n m, d 11 scoparium Part-shade Podophyllum Mayapple white June - July 1 to 1.5 n Shade m 11 peltatum * not applicable Rain Garden Plant Guide 5 Greenville, SC

Wet (w), Bloom Bloom Ever- Sun/ Page Common Name Latin Name Height Moist (m), Color Time green Shade Number Dry (d) Narrow-leaved Helianthus September - Sun to gold 1.5 to 5 n w 8 Sunflower angustifolius October Part-shade October - New England Aster Aster novae-angliae blue 2 to 3 n Sun m 4 November Muelenbergia August - Pink Muhly pink 1.5 to 4 y Sun m 10 capilaris October Chasmanthium Sun to River Oats * * 2 to 5 n w, m 6 latifolium Shade Amelanchier Sun to Serviceberry white May 15 to 25 n m 4 canadensis Shade Sun to Soft Rush Juncus effusus * * 4 n w 9 Part-shade Tradescantia Sun to Spiderwort purple April - July 2 y m 12 virginiana Shade Sun to Stokes Aster Stokesia laevis blue May - July 1 to 1.5 y w 12 Part-shade June - Sweet flag Acorus calamus yellow 3 to 6 n Sun w 4 August Panicum virgatum Sun to Switchgrass * * 3 to 4 n w 10 ‘Heavy Metal’ Part-shade July - Tall Tickseed Coreopsis tripteris yellow 3 to 6 n Sun m, d 6 September Sun to Tussock Sedge Carex stricta brown May - June 1 to 3 n w, m 5 Part-shade Sun to Wax Myrtle Morella cerifera * * 3 to 6 y w, m, d 10 Part-shade White indigo Baptisia alba white May 2 to 3 n Sun m, d 5 July - White Turtlehead Chelone glabra white 2 to 3 n Sun w, m 6 September Parthenium Sun to Wild Quinine white June - July 1 to 3 n m, d 11 integrifolium Part-shade Ilex verticilata ‘Red December - Sun to Winterberrry Holly Sprite’ and ‘Jim red fruit 3 to 10 n w, m, d 8 February Shade Dandy’ Hamamelis September - Sun to Witchhazel orange 10 to 15 n w, m, d 7 virginiana December Shade Ilex vomitoria Sun to Yaupon Holly * * 3 to 5 y w, m, d 8 ‘Nana’ Shade * not applicable 6 Rain Garden Plant Guide Cleveland Park Project

Rain Garden plants are adapted to periods of high rainfall as well as drought.

Bushy New England Sweet flag Serviceberry Bluestem Butterfly Weed Aster Acorus calamus Amelanchier Andropogon Asclepis tuberosa Aster canadensis glomeratus novae-angliae

www.wildflower.org, photo by S. and A. Wasowski www.wildflower.org, photo by JA Marcus www.wildflower.org, photo by S. Bloodworth www.wildflower.org, photo by S. and A. Wasowski www.mobot.org, photo by Missouri An aromatic plant In the spring the Bushy Bluestem’s This bright and This aster produces suitable for wet Serviceberry’s white fluffy white flower showy perennial is a deep violet flowers in areas. Botanists blooms emerge heads do indeed boon to and fall; fuzzy seedheads. cannot agree before the leaves, catch the light and flower lovers alike. May have 40 flowers whether this is and typically coincide glow above blue- The red-orange at once; flowers with a native North with the emergence green summer blooms emerge in red centers have American plant or an of our native cherry foliage and coppery early summer and been pollinated. early introduction, blossoms. The back winter foliage. attract butterflies all • Height: 2-3’ naturalized from sides of this ’s summer long. • Height: 2-5’ Eurasia. leaves exhibit a • Bloom Time: • Height: 1.5-2’ lovely silver color. • Bloom: silver, white Jun-Sept • Height: 3-6’ Berries ripen in the • Bloom: Orange • Bloom Time: • Winter rosette • Bloom: yellow and early summer, are Aug-Nov • Bloom Time: green edible, and attract • Culture: May-Sept birds. Fall colors are • Foliage: green full to part sun • Bloom Time: Jun- yellow, mauve, and or blue green in • Culture: sun Aug • Wildlife: apricot. summer; copper in to part sun; dry hummingbirds, • Variegated winter to moist; does not • Height: 15-25’ seed-eating birds variety available tolerate flooding or • Culture: sun; moist (‘variegatus’) • Bloom: White, saturated soils, so often flushed pink • Wildlife: Provides • Culture: moist situate plant along winter for perimeter of rain to wet soils, full to • Bloom Time: songbirds, such as garden part-sun Mar - Apr field sparrows and • Wildlife: Attracts • Culture: moist to juncos. Larval host Monarch butterflies dry, sun to shade for skipper and and hummingbirds. satyr butterflies. • Wildlife: butterflies • Captures and stores and fruit eaten Nitrogen in soil by birds, mammals, including humans. Rain Garden Plant Guide 7 Greenville, SC

How to Use this Guide: This booklet is organized alphabetically by plant scientific name. All plants listed are native to Greenville, SC. While some plants can be trimmed and still survive, it saves time, trouble, and energy to select and place a plant based on its mature height. Primary characteristics for each plant are listed below each plant picture.

White Indigo Boltonia Beautyberry Creek Sedge Tussock Sedge Baptisia alba Boltonia Callicarpa Carex blanda Carex stricta asteroides americana

www.wildflower.org, photo by S. and A Wasowski www.wildflower.org, photo by S. and A. Wasowski www.wildflower.org, photo by B. Leander www.wildflower.org, photo by JA Marcus www.wisplants.uwsp.edu, photo by E. Judziewicz This 2-4 ft., mound- Boltonia has a American Creek sedge This sedge has shaped perennial delicate appearance Beautyberry is a resembles grass clump-forming, holds its white, pea- with its white wonderful understory with broad linear grass-like foliage. like flowers in erect blooms perched on with a naturally foliage. It can be The seed heads are clusters. Velvety, top of long, light loose and graceful used as an evergreen silver and attractive. trifoliate leaves turn green stems. This arching form. In the groundcover or as a • Height: 1-3’ from bluish-gray to structure produces fall and early winter, specimen plant. black in the fall. lovely movement the branches are • Bloom: White • Height: 1-3’ during the windier laden with magenta • Height: 2-4’ • Bloom Time: Jun-Jul days of fall. purple berry clusters • Evergreen • Bloom: White that look spectacular • Culture: moist to • Height: 2-6’ • Culture: sun to as the leaves drop in dry sites, full sun to • Bloom Time: Apr-Jul shade, wet to dry • Bloom: white autumn. part shade, tolerates • Culture: moist to • May be difficult to heavy soils, spreads • Bloom Time: • Height: 3-6’ dry, sun obtain in local retail easily by seeds Sept-Nov • Bloom: small, pink stores • Keep plant out of • Winter rosette reach of children • Bloom time: • Culture: wet to May-Jul • Uses: plant removes dry, full sun such as • Fruit: Showy, , , • Wildlife: butterflies persistent and other pollutants • Culture: sun to from air, water shade, moist to dry and soil 8 Rain Garden Plant Guide Cleveland Park Project

Plant Selection: These plants were selected based on their ability to thrive in the changing moisture conditions of a rain garden. Most rain garden plants are denoted by the ecological term ‘facultative’ because they have the ability to survive periods of as well as drought. Rain gardens are designed to hold water only temporarily, with the longest holding periods occurring in the deepest sections of the rain garden. This trait distinguishes a rain garden from a that is intended to hold water for the majority of the time. Wetland plants are denoted as ‘obligate’ species, and are generally not included in rain gardens. The exceptions to this rule are represented in this plant list by the Soft Rush, Juncus effusus, which has been shown to thrive.

American White Dwarf Hornbeam River Oats Turtlehead Summersweet Tall Tickseed Carpinus Chasmanthium Chelone glabra Clethra alnifolia Coreopsis caroliniana latifolium tripteris

www.wildflower.org, photo by S. and A. Wasowski www.wildflower.org, photo by JA Marcus www.wildflower.org, photo by S. Bloodworth www.wildflower.org, photo by S. and A. Wasowski www.mobot.org, photo by Missouri Botanical Garden This deciduous tree River Oats are easily White Turtlehead The fragrant blooms Our native tickseeds is best known for identified by their produces white, of Summersweet come in a variety of its bark and trunk charismatic seed- lavender-tinged Clethra emerge in the sizes and textures, growth. The thin heads that resemble flowers. The white summer. This plant and generally bloom grey bark covers fish on a line. This blooms mix well with is low maintenance, in shades of yellow wood that looks native plant is easy to other colors in the salt tolerant, and has and gold. While most like muscles. The grow and spread. landscape. excellent fall color. are drought tolerant, wood of this tree The dwarf variety this species also • Height: 2 - 4’ • Height: 1 - 4’ is exceptionally is roughly half the tolerates periodic strong, and is used • Bloom Time: • Bloom: yellow size of the regular flooding. in ship repair as an Jun - Sept Clethra. • Bloom Time: • Height: 3 - 6’ alternative to teak. • Culture: sun-shade, Aug - Oct • Height: 3’ This is a slow- • Bloom: yellow wet - dry growing, long-lived • Culture: Full • Bloom: white • Bloom Time: tree that provides • Trim back in sun; use in fully • Bloom Time: July - Sept beautiful, fine February, if needed saturated areas July - Aug where it grows more • Culture: full sun, texture and restful • Reseeds easily horizontal limb form compact. • Culture: sun to medium to dry soil • May be used to shade; moist as it grows. • Wildlife: • Wildlife: birds, stabilize banks • Height: 20 - 30’ hummingbirds and butterflies • Avoid planting in butterflies • Culture: part-sun to continuous full sun, deep shade as its leaves turn • Wildlife: larval yellowish without plant for adequate shade. tiger swallotail; The more water seeds eaten by it receives, the songbirds more tolerant it will be of intense sun, but it prefers shade. Rain Garden Plant Guide 9 Greenville, SC

Native plants are colorful and typically require less maintenance than many exotic alternatives. Native plants also provide important food and habitat for our resident animals and , all of whom play an important role in our local ecology.

‘Little Joe’ Eastern Joe - Pye Weed Boneset Teaberry Cranesbill Witchhazel Eupatorium Eupatorium Gaultheria Geranium Hamamelis dubius perfoliatum procumbens maculatum virginiana

www.wildflower.org, photo by S. and A. Wasowski www.wildflower.org, photo by S. and A. Wasowski www.wildflower.org, photo by B. Leander www.wildflower.org, photo by JA Marcus www.wildflower.org, photo by JA Marcus Joe-pye is usually Boneset has been Evergreen Teaberry The seeds of this Tree-like shrub with seen growing 5-7’ reported to perform prefers shady areas, easy to grow plant unusual flower and tall. This shorter well in rain gardens where its small spread downhill. fruit that come variety sports the in the Greenville white flowers and This plant is semi- into prominence same whorled area. It is tall, has a red berries will be evergreen, and in fall and winter. leaves, light purple medium texture, and a lively addition to fragrant. Flowers are showy blooms, and hardy a white bloom. its aromatic glossy orange-yellow and • Height: 1 - 2’ growth that makes green leaves. fringy, while fruit • Height: 4 - 8’ this plant a favorite • Bloom: lavender to is less showy and • Height: 4 - 8” in native plant • Bloom: white pink dull yellow. Spring . • Bloom: white blooming witchhazel • Bloom Time: • Bloom Time: Spring (H. vernalis) may • Height: 3 - 4’ July - Sept • Culture: full to part • Culture: dry to also be available. shade, moist to dry • Bloom: light • Culture: full sun to moist, full sun • Height: 5 - 10’ purple part shade, medium • Wildlife: Attracts to wet, well-drained • Bloom: orange • Bloom Time: butterflies and Jul - Aug hummingbirds • Culture: moist, sun to shade • Culture: sun; • Plant may be moist difficult to locate in • Wildlife: food local retail for turkey, grouse, • Wildlife: attracts squirrel, and swamp sparrows, witchhazel multiple species thickets provide of buterflies, and escape cover for is good for bees small wildlife. • Cultivars may be • Prone to resprout difficult to locate when cut, so best in local retail grown as a multi- stemmed plant. 10 Rain Garden Plant Guide Cleveland Park Project

Flowers and berries attract birds and butterflies.

Narrow-leaved Winterberrry Sunflower Alumroot Inkberry Holly Holly Yaupon Holly Helianthus Heuchera Ilex glabra Ilex verticillata Ilex vomitoria angustifolius americana ‘Compacta’ ‘Nana’

www.wildflower.org, photo by Sally and Andy Wasowski www.wildflower.org, photo by JA Marcus www.wildflower.org, photo by WD Bransford www.wildflower.org, photo by S. and A. Wasowski www.wildflower.org, photo by Sally and Andy Wasowski The large root Coral Bells is This evergreen shrub The Winterberry The ornamental mass of plants a dainty, low- has a more open Holly is a deciduous twigs with shiny in the sunflower growing perennial form than the dwarf shrub with red or evergreen leaves and family is good for with scalloped leaf yaupon. The foliage orange berries from numerous red berries soil stabilization, margins and airy is a nice, satin blue- fall through winter. have been used as improving white flowers. green. holiday decorations • Height: 3 - 10’ rates, as well as and make cheerful • Height: 1 - 2’ • Height: 4 - 6’ removing inorganic • Fruit: showy red accents in the winter pollutants from the • Bloom: • Fruit: black, not berries, persist landscape. stormwater. greenish-white showy, persistent through winter • Height: 3 - 5’ through winter • Height: 3 - 8’ • Bloom Time: • Bloom: white, • Fruit: red, persistent Jun - Aug • Evergreen • Bloom: yellow inconspicuous through winter • Culture: full to part • Culture: wet - dry, • Bloom Time: • Culture: wet - dry, • Culture: wet - dry, shade; moist rich sun - shade Aug - Nov. sun - shade sun - shade soil • Wildlife: attracts • Culture: sun to part • Wildlife: attracts • Wildlife: attracts birds and butterflies shade, use in fully birds and butterflies birds and butterflies saturated areas • Uses: plants absorb • Uses: plants absorb • Uses: plants absorb where it grows pollutants from air, pollutants from air, pollutants from air, more compact. water, and soil water, and soil water, and soil • The leaves of this holly are not barbed. Rain Garden Plant Guide 11 Greenville, SC

Maintenance: Inspect after heavy rain events and during prolonged drought for bare spots, , and distressed or dead plants. Inspect the plants in the late fall to early winter and remove any dead plant materials. Monitor the rain gardens for invasive plants, and remove these plants whenever they are found. Annually check the rain gardens for sediment build-up, and remove when needed. Replace mulch on a 1-5 year cycle, depending on sediment deposition. Sediment deposition will likely be greatest near the source of input; Ensure that sediment does not block flow of water into rain garden. Some plants winter as low rosettes of leaves close to the ground; these rosettes should not be covered with mulch to allow the plant to breathe.

Virginia False Solomon’s Sweetspire Soft Rush Blazing Star Cardinal Flower Seal Itea virginica Juncus effusus Liatris spicata Lobelia cardinalis Maianthemum racemosa

www.wildflower.org, photo by S. Bloodworth www.wildflower.org, photo by Sally and Andy Wasowski www.wildflower.org, photo by B. Bengston www.wildflower.org, photo by T. Muller www.wildflower.org, photo by Sally and Andy Wasowski The long tassels Soft Rush is a This upright The striking red False Solomon’s of white flowers grass-like, clumping perennial is excellent bloom of the Seal has gracefully and red fall foliage perrenial found in for texture and color. Cardinal Flower is arching stems and make the Sweetspire wetlands and along attractive in any bears its small • Height: 3 - 4’ an attractive rivers and streams. setting. white flowers in ornamental. An • Bloom: purple clusters on the • Height: 1 - 3’ • Height: 1 - 6’ easy plant to grow end of each stem. • Bloom Time: for its tolerance of • Culture: sun • Bloom: red This plant closely Jul-Sept a wide variety of to part shade, moist resembles another • Bloom Time: sites. Naturalizes to to wet; plant in no • Culture: dry to attractive native May - Oct produce colonies, more than 3 - 5” of moist, full sun plant, Solomon’s water over crown • Winter rosette and is aesthetically • Wildlife: attracts Seal (Polygonatum pleasing in these biflorum), but • Wildlife: attracts butterflies and • Culture: sun to part mass plantings. more prominently birds hummingbirds shade, moist to wet displays its flowers. • Height: 3’ • Wildlife: attracts Otherwise, both • Bloom: white hummingbirds plants are nearly interchangeable and • Bloom Time: will do well in your Apr-Jun rain garden. • Fall Color: red • Height: 1 - 3’ • Culture: wet or dry, • Bloom: white sun or shade • Bloom Time: • Uses: erosion Apr-May control, showy in bloom and in fall • Culture: shade to part shade, moist • Wildlife: nectar- insects, wildlife cover, attracts birds • Plant will spread to colonize an area, not aggressive 12 Rain Garden Plant Guide Cleveland Park Project

Storm Water: Rain gardens allow excess storm water to percolate into the ground. In the process, they help filter out some of the pollutants before they can reach local creeks, rivers, and lakes. This process is known as ‘bioremediation’ and uses natural processes to help clean up our environment. The soil constituent with the greatest influence on pollution removal is organic matter in the root zone and overlying surface litter layer (Grismer, et al. 2006). Organic matter is added in the form of mulch and decaying plant roots and leaves.

Beebalm Wild Bergamot Wax Myrtle Pink Muhly Switchgrass Monarda didyma Monarda Morella cerifera Muelenbergia Panicum fistulosa capilaris virgatum

www.wildflower.org, photo by S. and A. Wasowski www.wildflower.org, photo by S. and A. Wasowski www.wildflower.org, photo by S. and A. Wasowski www.wildflower.org, photo by S. and A. Wasowski www.wildflower.org, photo by S. and A. Wasowski Beebalm is a The aromatic grey- The olive-green color Pink Muhly is a Switchgrass traditional Southern green leaves of Wild of the wax myrtle perennial grass rhizomatous, loose favorite. It’s an Bergamot are a is paired with a fine with a large, finely sod former with a aromatic that nice addition to any texture to make this textured seed head large, open, finely may be brewed as garden. The plant is a great tall shrub for that turns deep pink textured, reddish- a tea, or used to non-clumping and screening of the back in the fall. purple seedhead. Fall alleviate bee stings. grows in a scattered, of a rain garden. color is pale yellow. • Height: 1 - 3’ random pattern or in Bright green leaves • Height: 2 - 4’ • Height: 3 - 6’ small groups. • Bloom: pink seed occur up and down • Bloom: red • Culture: wet to dry, the stem, turning • Height: 2 - 4’ • Bloom Time: Oct, sun to part shade bright yellow in fall. • Bloom Time: blooms persist • Bloom: pink, May-June • Wildlife: seeds through winter Switchgrass comes lavender persist into winter in many varieties, • Culture: sun, moist • Culture: full sun, • Bloom Time: and are browsed by The ‘Heavy Metal’ extremely drought • Wildlife: attracts May-June turkey, waterfowl, variety has silvery tolerant once hummingbirds and and songbirds blue foliage that • Culture: full sun to established butterflies stands upright. The part shade • Fire hazard close to • This plant uses lots ‘Shenandoah’ variety • Select cultivars for buildings, resprouts • Wildlife: white-tail of water, and helps is tinted red through increased mildew after fire. deer, butterflies to disperse excess resistance, such spring and summer, • Nitrogen fixer water within the as M. didyma ‘John • Select cultivars for and bright red-purple rain garden. Cline’ increased mildew in the fall. resistance, such as • Height: 4 - 5’ M. fistulosa ‘Claire • Bloom Time: Grace’ Aug - Oct • Culture: sun to part shade, moist to dry • Wildlife: birds; host for skipper and satyr butterflies. Rain Garden Plant Guide 13 Greenville, SC

Greenhead Wild Quinine Mayapple Coneflower Little Bluestem Goldenrod Parthenium Podophyllum Rudbeckia Schizachyrium Solidago integrifolium peltatum laciniata scoparium canadensis

www.wildflower.org, photo by S. and A. Wasowski www.wildflower.org, photo by S. and A. Wasowski www.wildflower.org, photo by G. Bruso www.wildflower.org, photo by S. and A. Wasowski www.wildflower.org, photo by S. and A. Wasowski

Wild quinine is Mayapple is one This yellow Little Bluestem is an This handsome a low-growing of the few shade coneflower has adaptable native that species produces perennial. The leaves dependant plants green centers that tolerates a broad showy displays, have been used listed in this booklet. provide seed for range of soil and usually late in the by the Catawba If your shady rain birds throughout the light conditions. It summer. Although and other North garden has a rich winter. The leaves sports silvery seed it and other American tribes to organic soil mixture, of this plant add heads in the late Goldenrods are treat burns. the Mayapple will textural variety to a summer, and bronze- commonly blamed be a plant you’ll garden, and begin orange foliage in the for hay fever, this • Height: 1 - 3’ want to consider. to emerge in early fall. discomfort is usually • Bloom: white The leaf is large and spring. caused by pollen • Height: 2-4’ eyecatching, and from Ragweeds • Bloom Time: Jun-Jul • Height: 3 - 4’ the white bloom is • Bloom: silver, white (Ambrosia spp.), • Culture: moist to showy in spring. This • Bloom: yellow which are less • Culture: sun dry sites, full sun to plant goes dormant conspicuous plants • Bloom Time: to open shade; part shade, tolerates in the summer, a nice with greenish flowers July-Oct moist to dry heavy soils, spreads trait for accentuating that bloom at the easily by seeds the passing of • Culture: part-sun to • Wildlife: attracts same time. seasons. part-shade birds • Height: 3 - 6’ • Height: 12 - 18” • Seed provides • Bloom: yellow, gold food for birds. • Bloom: white • Bloom Time: • Plant is host for • Culture: part to full Sept-Oct. skipper and satyr shade, moist butterflies. • Culture: sun; moist to dry • Wildlife: attracts birds, butterflies 14 Rain Garden Plant Guide Cleveland Park Project

Heartleaf Eastern Indiangrass Stokes Aster Foamflower Spiderwort Gamagrass Sorghastrum Stokesia laevis Tiarella cordifolia Tradescantia Tripsacum nutans virginiana dactyloides

www.wildflower.org, photo by Sally and andy Wasowski www.wildflower.org, photo by S. Bloodworth www.wildflower.org, photo by C and A Loughmiller www.wildflower.org, photo by D. Sherman www.wildflower.org, photo by Paul Cox Indiangrass is a Stokes Aster Foamflower thrives Spiderwort is a Eastern Gamagrass showy bunching produces large in rich, organic soil versitile perennial is a clumping grass with blue-green 2-4” blooms, and in the shade. Here with long, bright- evergreen grass that foliage and large colonizes to form it forms a clumping green, narrow leaves is favored by deer golden plumes in the a groundcover of ground cover that that bend to look and granivorous fall. It is a possible rosettes. After the blooms tiny delicate like spider legs. It is birds. The grass native alternative first bloom in the flowers in early attractive in mass can be mowed to sod, and is South spring, trim back summer. plantings. The or cut back in the Carolina’s state grass. purple blooms of spent flowers to • Height: 6 - 12” winter. Leaf blades the Spiderwort are • Height: 3 - 8’ produce second are sharp, so avoid bloom that lasts into • Bloom Time: June are long lasting. This planting directly next • Bloom: golden plant can be seen the summer. • Culture: part to full to pathways. orange to purple growing wild in areas • Height: 12 - 18” shade, well-drained • Height: 3 - 6’ of Cleveland Park. • Bloom Time: organic soil • Almost evergreen • Bloom: brown Aug-Oct • Height: 2 - 3’ • Bloom: blue, • Bloom Time: • Culture: sun • Blooms: white, blue, lavender to white Apr-Jun to shade, or purple tolerates seasonal • Bloom Time: May • Culture: moist soils, • Bloom Time: flooding, needs prefers part-shade • Winter rosette Mar-Aug tall companions to • Wildlife: attracts remain upright • Culture: moist, full • Culture: sun to skipper butterflies sun to part-shade shade, moist to dry • Wildlife: attracts birds, butterflies, • Wildlife: butterflies • Forms clumps that small mammals spread with time • Uses: spreads via runners, good for slope stabilization, important plant for native ecosystems Rain Garden Plant Guide 15 Greenville, SC References Bannerman, R., Considine, E., & Horwatich, J. (2003). Rain gardens: A how to manual for homeowners. University of Wisconsin (PUB-WT-776), Clemson Public Service. (2009). Rain gardens, A rain garden manual for south carolina Grismer, M., O’Green, A., & Lewis, D. (2006). Vegetative filter strips for nonpoint source pollution control in . Oakland: University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication 8195.UC ANR Web Site. Hunt, W., & White, N. (2001). Designing Rain Gardens (Bio-Retention Areas).Urban Waterways, Miller, J. H., & Miller, K. V. (2005). Forest plants of the southeast and their wildlife uses Univ of Georgia Pr. Pilon-Smits, E. (2005). Phytoremediation. Salt, D., Smith, R., & Raskin, I. (1998). Phytoremediation. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 49(1), 643-668. SCDHEC, B. o. W. (2008). Nonpoint source management program 2008 annual report Retrieved from http://www.scdhec.gov/environment/water/docs/npsannual.pdf Shields Jr., F. D. (2009). Do we know enough about controlling sediment to mitigate damage to stream ecosystems? Ecological Engineering, 35(12), 1727-1733. doi:DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2009.07.004 University of Texas at Austin. (2010). Lady johnson wildflower center. USDA, NRCS. 2010. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 6 July 2010). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. Wasowski, S., & Wasowski, A. (1994). with native plants of the south.