Meta-Analysis of the Relationships Between Different Leadership Practices and Organizational, Teaming, Leader, and Employee Outcomes*
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Those Missing Values in Questionnaires
Those Missing Values in Questionnaires John R. Gerlach, Maxim Group, Plymouth Meeting, PA Cindy Garra, IMS HEALTH; Plymouth Meeting, PA Abstract alternative values are not bona fide SAS missing values; consequently, a SAS procedure, expectedly, will include Questionnaires are notorious for containing these alternative values, thereby producing bogus results. responses that later become missing values during processing and analyses. Contrary to a non-response that Typically, you can re-code the original data, so results in a typical, bona fide, missing value, questions that the missing values become ordinary missing values, might allow several alternative responses, necessarily thus allowing SAS to process only appropriate values. Of outside the usual range of appropriate responses. course, there's a loss of information since the original Whether a question represents continuous or categorical missing values did not constitute a non-response. Also, data, a good questionnaire offers meaningful alternatives, such pre-processing might include a myriad of IF THEN / such as: "Refused to Answer" and, of course, the ELSE statements, which can be very tedious and time- quintessential "Don't Know." Traditionally, these consuming to write, and difficult to maintain. Thus, given alternative responses have numeric values such as 97, a questionnaire that has over a hundred variables with 998, or 9999 and, therefore, pose problems when trying varying levels of missing values, the task of re-coding to distinguish them from normal responses, especially these variables becomes very time consuming at best. when multiple missing values exist. This paper discusses Even worse, the permanent re-coding of alternative missing values in SAS and techniques that facilitate the responses to ordinary missing numeric values in SAS process of dealing with multi-valued, meaningful missing precludes categorical analysis that requires the inclusion values often found in questionnaires. -
International Dimensions of Lifelong Education in General and Liberal Studies
Perspectives (1969-1979) Volume 6 Number 3 Winter Article 8 1974 International Dimensions of Lifelong Education in General and Liberal Studies Warren L. Hickman Eisenhower College Albert E. Levak Michigan State University Wolf D. Fuhrig MacMurray College Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/perspectives Part of the Higher Education Commons, and the Liberal Studies Commons Recommended Citation Hickman, Warren L.; Levak, Albert E.; and Fuhrig, Wolf D. (1974) "International Dimensions of Lifelong Education in General and Liberal Studies," Perspectives (1969-1979): Vol. 6 : No. 3 , Article 8. Available at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/perspectives/vol6/iss3/8 This Panel is brought to you for free and open access by the Western Michigan University at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Perspectives (1969-1979) by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact wmu- [email protected]. SESSION 5 International Dimensions of Lifelong Education in General and Liberal Studies Li£ elong and Worldwide By w ARREN L. HICKMAN Probably no society has ever so mangled and abused its own vocab ulary as much as have Americans. Language is meant for communica tion, to simplify the exchange of ideas. But when academic disciplines and professions extract words from the common language and arbi trarily attach a new restricted disciplinary meaning, they do a disservice to the entire society. In place of a common language, we are faced with ever-expanding jargons. -
10 Questions Opinion Polls
Questions you might have on 10opinion polls 1. What is an opinion poll? An opinion poll is a survey carried out to measure views on a certain topic within a specific group of people. For example, the topic may relate to who Kenyans support in the presidential race, in which case, the group of people interviewed will be registered voters. 2. How are interviewees for an opinion poll selected? The group of people interviewed for an opinion poll is called a sample. As the name suggests, a sample is a group of people that represents the total population whose opinion is being surveyed. In a scientific opinion poll, everyone has an equal chance of being interviewed. 3. So how come I have never been interviewed for an opinion poll? You have the same chance of being polled as anyone else living in Kenya. However, chances of this are very small and are estimated at about 1 in 14,000. This is because there are approximately 14 million registered voters in Kenya and, for practical and cost reasons, usually only between 1,000 and 2,000 people are interviewed for each survey carried out. 4. How can such a small group be representative of the entire population? In order to ensure that the sample/survey group is representative of the population, the surveyors must ensure that the group reflects the characteristics of the whole. For instance, to get a general idea of who might win the Kenyan presidential election, only the views of registered voters in Kenya will be surveyed as these are the people who will be able to influence the election. -
Handbook of Recommended Practices for Questionnaire Development and Testing in the European Statistical System
Handbook of Recommended Practices for Questionnaire Development and Testing in the European Statistical System Release year: 2006 Authors: G. Brancato, S. Macchia, M. Murgia, M. Signore, G. Simeoni - Italian National Institute of Statistics, ISTAT K. Blanke, T. Körner, A. Nimmergut - Federal Statistical Office Germany, FSO P. Lima, R. Paulino - National Statistical Institute of Portugal, INE J.H.P. Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik - German Center for Survey Research and Methodology, ZUMA Version 1 Acknowledgements We are grateful to the experts from the network countries who supported us in all relevant stages of the work: Anja Ahola, Dirkjan Beukenhorst, Trine Dale, Gustav Haraldsen. We also thank all colleagues from European and overseas NSIs who helped us in understanding the current practices and in the review of the draft version of the handbook. Executive summary Executive Summary Questionnaires constitute the basis of every survey-based statistical measurement. They are by far the most important measurement instruments statisticians use to grasp the phenomena to be measured. Errors due to an insufficient questionnaire can hardly be compensated at later stages of the data collection process. Therefore, having systematic questionnaire design and testing procedures in place is vital for data quality, particularly for a minimisation of the measurement error. Against this background, the Directors General of the members of the European Statistical System (ESS) stressed the importance of questionnaire design and testing in the European Statistics Code of Practice, endorsed in February 2005. Principle 8 of the Code states that “appropriate statistical procedures, implemented from data collection to data validation, must underpin quality statistics.” One of the indicators referring to this principle requires that “questionnaires are systematically tested prior to the data collection.” Taking the Code of Practice as a starting point, this Recommended Practice Manual aims at further specifying the requirements of the Code of Practice. -
Survey Experiments
IU Workshop in Methods – 2019 Survey Experiments Testing Causality in Diverse Samples Trenton D. Mize Department of Sociology & Advanced Methodologies (AMAP) Purdue University Survey Experiments Page 1 Survey Experiments Page 2 Contents INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................................ 8 Overview .............................................................................................................................................................................. 8 What is a survey experiment? .................................................................................................................................... 9 What is an experiment?.............................................................................................................................................. 10 Independent and dependent variables ................................................................................................................. 11 Experimental Conditions ............................................................................................................................................. 12 WHY CONDUCT A SURVEY EXPERIMENT? ........................................................................................................................... 13 Internal, external, and construct validity .......................................................................................................... -
MRS Guidance on How to Read Opinion Polls
What are opinion polls? MRS guidance on how to read opinion polls June 2016 1 June 2016 www.mrs.org.uk MRS Guidance Note: How to read opinion polls MRS has produced this Guidance Note to help individuals evaluate, understand and interpret Opinion Polls. This guidance is primarily for non-researchers who commission and/or use opinion polls. Researchers can use this guidance to support their understanding of the reporting rules contained within the MRS Code of Conduct. Opinion Polls – The Essential Points What is an Opinion Poll? An opinion poll is a survey of public opinion obtained by questioning a representative sample of individuals selected from a clearly defined target audience or population. For example, it may be a survey of c. 1,000 UK adults aged 16 years and over. When conducted appropriately, opinion polls can add value to the national debate on topics of interest, including voting intentions. Typically, individuals or organisations commission a research organisation to undertake an opinion poll. The results to an opinion poll are either carried out for private use or for publication. What is sampling? Opinion polls are carried out among a sub-set of a given target audience or population and this sub-set is called a sample. Whilst the number included in a sample may differ, opinion poll samples are typically between c. 1,000 and 2,000 participants. When a sample is selected from a given target audience or population, the possibility of a sampling error is introduced. This is because the demographic profile of the sub-sample selected may not be identical to the profile of the target audience / population. -
Development and Factor Analysis of a Questionnaire to Measure Patient Satisfaction with Injected and Inhaled Insulin for Type 1 Diabetes
Epidemiology/Health Services/Psychosocial Research ORIGINAL ARTICLE Development and Factor Analysis of a Questionnaire to Measure Patient Satisfaction With Injected and Inhaled Insulin for Type 1 Diabetes JOSEPH C. CAPPELLERI, PHD, MPH IONE A. KOURIDES, MD system that permits noninvasive delivery of ROBERT A. GERBER, PHARMD, MA ROBERT A. GELFAND, MD rapid-acting insulin was developed (Inhale Therapeutics Systems, San Carlos, CA) that offers an effective and well-tolerated alternative to preprandial insulin injections in type 1 diabetes (3). Inhaled insulin, OBJECTIVE — To develop a self-administered questionnaire to address alternative deliv- intended for use in a preprandial therapeu- ery routes of insulin and to investigate aspects of patient satisfaction that may be useful for tic regimen, is the first practical alternative subsequent assessment and comparison of an inhaled insulin regimen and a subcutaneous to injections for therapeutic administration insulin regimen. of insulin. However, measures of treatment RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS — Attributes of patient treatment satisfaction satisfaction in diabetes have not directly with both inhaled and injected insulin therapy were derived from five qualitative research stud- examined delivery routes for insulin other ies to arrive at a 15-item questionnaire. Each item was analyzed on a five-point Likert scale so than by injection (e.g., syringe, pen, or that higher item scores indicated a more favorable attitude. There were 69 subjects with type 1 pump) and were developed at a time when diabetes previously taking injected insulin therapy who were enrolled in a phase II clinical trial. only injectable forms of insulin were readily Their baseline responses on the questionnaire were evaluated and subjected to an exploratory available in clinical practice (4–7). -
A Meta-Analysis of the Associations Among Quality Indicators in Early Childhood Education and Care and Relations with Child Development and Learning
A Meta-analysis of the associations among quality indicators in early childhood education and care and relations with child development and learning Full reference list of identified studies This document includes a full reference list of all studies included in the data extraction process for the meta-analysis “Associations among quality indicators in early childhood education and care (ECEC) and relations with child development and learning”. The meta-analysis was commissioned as part of initial desk-based research for the OECD ECEC project “Policy Review: Quality beyond Regulations in ECEC”, focusing in particular on process quality, to be conducted in 2017-2020. This document provides auxiliary information to the report “Engaging young children: Lessons from research about quality in Early Childhood Education and Care” released on 27 March 2018, and available for download on this link. The report includes an annex (Annex C) that summarizes the meta-analysis methodology and provides further context for this document. Authors and contact information: Antje von Suchodoletz, New York University Abu Dhabi, UAE, Email: [email protected] D. Susie Lee, New York University, USA Bharathy Premachandra, New York University, USA Hirokazu Yoshikawa, New York University, USA 2 │ FULL REFERENCE LIST OF IDENTIFIED STUDIES Full reference list of identified studies Key 0= Not Prescreened 1=Prescreened 1,2=Prescreened/Full Screened 1,2,3=Prescreened/Full Screened/Qualified for Coding 1,2,3,4=Prescreened/Full Screened/Qualified for Coding/Fully Coded X= Prescreened/Qualified for full screening but full screening pending. Report # Citation Status ID 1 200000 A comparative study of childcare in Japan and the USA: Who needs to take care of our young children? (2011). -
Serious Educational Game Assessment
Serious Educational Game Assessment Serious Educational Game Assessment Serious Educational Practical Methods and Models for Educational Games, Simulations and Virtual Worlds Game Assessment Leonard Annetta George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA Practical Methods and Models for and Educational Games, Simulations and Stephen Bronack (Eds.) Virtual Worlds Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA In an increasingly scientifi c and technological world the need for a knowledgeable citizenry, individuals who understand the fundamentals of technological ideas and think Leonard Annetta and Stephen Bronack (Eds.) critically about these issues, has never been greater. There is growing appreciation across the broader education community that educational three dimensional virtual learning environments are part of the daily lives of citizens, not only regularly occurring in schools and in after-school programs, but also in informal settings like museums, science centers, zoos and aquariums, at home with family, in the workplace, during leisure time when children and adults participate in community-based activities. This blurring of the boundaries of where, when, why, how and with whom people learn, along with better understandings of learning as a personally constructed, life-long process of making meaning and shaping identity, has initiated a growing awareness in the fi eld that the questions and frameworks guiding assessing these environments (Eds.) Bronack Stephen and Annetta Leonard should be reconsidered in light of these new realities. The audience for this book will be researchers working in the Serious Games arena along with distance education instructors and administrators and students on the cutting edge of assessment in computer generated environments. S e n s e P u b l i s h e r s DIVS SensePublishers Serious Educational Game Assessment Serious Educational Game Assessment Practical Methods and Models for Educational Games, Simulations and Virtual Worlds Edited by Leonard Annetta George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA Stephen C. -
World Education Report, 2000
World education report The right to education Towards education for all throughout life UNESCO PUBLISHING World education report 2000 The right to education: towards education for all throughout life UNESCO Publishing The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Published in 2000 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 7, Place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP Cover design by Jean-Francis Chériez Graphics by Visit-Graph, Boulogne-Billancourt Printed by Darantiere, 21800 Quétigny ISBN 92-3-103729-3 © UNESCO 2000 Printed in France Foreword The World Education Report 2000’s focus on promoting reflection on the many different education as a basic human right is a fitting facets of the right to education, extending from choice for the International Year for the Culture initial or basic education to lifelong learning. of Peace. Education is one of the principal The report is also designed to complement the means to build the ‘defences of peace’ in the Education for All 2000 Assessment undertaken minds of men and women everywhere – the by the international community as a follow- mission assumed by UNESCO when the Organ- up to the World Conference on Education for ization was created more than half a century All (Jomtien, Thailand, 1990). This assessment ago. The twentieth century saw human rights process, culminating at the World Education accepted worldwide as a guiding principle. -
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Understanding the Differences A Working Paper Series on Higher Education in Canada, Mexico and the United States Working Paper #9 Academic Mobility in North America: Towards New Models of Integration and Collaboration by Fernando León-García Dewayne Matthews Lorna Smith Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education The Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education (WICHE) is a public interstate agency established to promote and to facilitate resource sharing, collaboration, and cooperative planning among the western states and their colleges and universities. Member and affiliate states include Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. In 1993, WICHE, working in partnership with the Mexican Association for International Education (AMPEI), developed the U.S.-Mexico Educational Interchange Project to facilitate educational interchange and the sharing of resources across the western region of the U.S. and with Mexico. In 1995, the project began a trinational focus which includes Canada, with the goal of fostering educational collaboration across North America. In 1997, the project changed its name to the "Consortium for North American Higher Education Collaboration" (CONAHEC). The "Understanding the Differences" series was developed as a resource for the initiative and was created under the direction of WICHE's Constituent Relations and Communications and Policy and Information Units. CONAHEC’s Web site is located at http://conahec.org. -
Examining Digital Disruption As Problem and Purpose in Australian Education Policy Shane B Duggan RMIT University, Australia: [email protected]
The International Education Journal: Comparative Perspectives Vol. 18, No 1, 2019, pp. 111-127 https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/index.php/IEJ Examining digital disruption as problem and purpose in Australian education policy Shane B Duggan RMIT University, Australia: [email protected] Young people’s relationship to the digital economy is a key site of popular and policy attention within the context of shifts in labour market conditions globally. The massification of digital media and rapid growth of digital markets globally have brought significant challenges for policy makers in what counts as work and how best to prepare young people to engage with it. This has manifest in a proliferation of initiatives and policy orientations across much of the global North which have tended to focus on the importance of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics occupations, and, in particular, computing aimed at preparing young people for jobs of the future. The formalization of learn to code programs in school curriculum has been one such initiative. Despite the proliferation of coding and computational thinking curriculum across many countries, there remains a relative paucity of scholarship examining their embedding in educational policy debates. This article follows the announcement of the ‘coding in schools’ policy in Australia since its formal announcement by Opposition Leader Bill Shorten in his Budget Reply speech in May 2015. The announcement followed similar moves in other countries and has cemented ‘coding in schools’ as a literacy of ‘the future’ in the Australian political landscape. This article suggests that, while a policy focus on technical and instrumental skills such as computer coding may help young people to interact with dominant technologies of the present, they also risk weakening a more substantive conversation around educational participation and purpose in the present, and for the future.