The Dark Side of Light Pollution
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Introduction to Short-Season Gardening in Idaho by Stephen L
SHORT-SEASON, HIGH-ALTITUDE GARDENING BULLETIN 857 Introduction to short-season gardening in Idaho by Stephen L. Love, Kathy Noble, and Stuart Parkinson INTRODUCTION Many of us who garden in Idaho face the challenges brought on by lack of summer warmth, spring and fall frost, extreme winter cold, or desiccation from frequent wind. Growing beautiful and productive plants in the high CONTENTS desert or mountain regions of Idaho requires unique approaches and an attention to detail that are rarely discussed in popular garden guides. INTRODUCTION . 1 DEFINING THE SHORT-SEASON, HIGH-ALTITUDE This publication introduces the Short-Season/High-Altitude Gardening series ZONE . 1 specifically designed to provide effective, comprehensive ideas for gardening IDAHO’S THREE SHORT-SEASON CLIMATES . 2 where Idaho’s unique combination of extreme climate, weather, geology, and NUANCES OF MICROCLIMATE . 4 Rural vs. Urban . 4 geography presents obstacles to successful gardening. Subsequent publications Slope and Aspect . 4 provide details on managing specific kinds of plants in the short-season garden. Local Weather Patterns . 4 DEFINING THE SHORT-SEASON, HIGH-ALTITUDE ZONE The Short-Season/High-Altitude Gardening series is for gardeners living within Idaho’s harshest climates, specifically those rated USDA hardiness YOU ARE A SHORT-SEASON, HIGH-ALTITUDE GARDENER IF: zone 4 or colder, situated at an elevation above 4,500 feet, or with a frost- free period of fewer than 110 days. Although many locales throughout the You live in Idaho at an elevation above 4,500 feet, OR state experience these conditions, they are most common in the upper Snake Your USDA hardiness zone is 4 or lower, OR River Valley, the southeastern and southern highlands, the high deserts north You have a frost-free growing season of 110 days or less of the Snake River, the central mountains, and the coldest valley and moun- tain locations in the northern panhandle. -
See Grantees
Organization Name Program Area County Amount Funded East region Aid for Friends Housing and Assistance Bannock $20,000.00 Aid for Friends Housing and Assistance Bannock $14,285.00 Bear Lake Healthcare Foundation Health Bear Lake $17,500.00 Bingham County Senior Center Food and Basic Needs Bingham $15,000.00 Bingham Crisis Center Domestic Violence Bingham $5,000.00 Bingham Crisis Center Domestic Violence Bingham $5,415.00 Center for Hope Health Bonneville $1,000.00 Challis Senior Citizens Inc Food and Basic Needs Custer $1,150.00 Club, Inc. Housing and Assistance Bonneville $14,285.00 Community Resource Center of Teton Valley Housing and Assistance Teton $10,000.00 Eastern Idaho Community College Food and Basic Needs Bonneville $5,000.00 Eastern Idaho Community Partnership Housing and Assistance Bonneville $15,000.00 Family Services Alliance of SE Idaho Inc Domestic Violence Bannock $14,000.00 Family Services Alliance of SE Idaho Inc Domestic Violence Bannock $5,415.00 Gate City Christian Church Food and Basic Needs Bannock $2,000.00 Giving Cupboard Food and Basic Needs Jefferson $5,000.00 Idaho State University Food and Basic Needs Bannock $20,000.00 JRM Foundation (Fort Hall COVID‐19 Relief Fund) Food and Basic Needs Bannock $5,000.00 Lemhi County Crisis Intervention, Mahoney House Domestic Violence Lemhi $7,800.00 Lemhi County Crisis Intervention, Mahoney House Domestic Violence Lemhi $5,415.00 NAMI Idaho Health Bannock $16,000.00 Oneida Crisis Center Food and Basic Needs Oneida $1,500.00 Pocatello Free Clinic Health Bannock $8,300.00 Regional Council for Christian Ministry Food and Basic Needs Bonneville $7,345.00 Rigby Senior Center Food and Basic Needs Jefferson $5,000.00 Senior Activity Center Food and Basic Needs Bingham $2,530.00 Senior Citizens' Community Center, Inc. -
Fire As a Physical Process
1.3 Energy transfer and the stages of combustion Understanding the principles of combustion, can we begin to see how fires initiate and spread? To complete the fire triangle, energy must move through space from a source to a “fuel” initiation oxygen energy THE COMBUSTION TRIANGLE How does this happen? combustible material Heat is a form of energy • Heat (or thermal energy) is proportional to molecular movement of matter, i.e., kinetic energy (KE) • The Kelvin scale measures the energy content of matter, starting at absolute 0 (- 273° C) • Heated objects emit radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS): • In the range we will deal with, mostly in the infrared • Even higher velocities emit in higher-frequency bands of the EMS See the “Ask a Scientist” excerpt posted for this lecture international light association, http://www.international-light-association.org Three basic modes of energy transfer: Conduction Radiation Convection A general principle of heat transfer: • Heat transfers between bodies according to the second law of thermodynamics (which in this case says that heat flows from high to low energy states, i.e., hot to cold bodies – In other words, heat flows down energy gradients – This goes a long way to explaining much of how fires behave 1. Conduction Movement of energy through a solid, or between solids in contact by molecular motion • Depends on thermal conductivity and energy gradient of material (conductors, insulators) • Also depends on amount of area of contact • Examples? • touching a hot metal object, e.g. a saucepan handle • heating water by an immersion coil • melting lead solder with a soldering iron • putting an ice cube on your skin Conductivity (ability of a material to conduct energy) The transfer of heat between molecules in contact with one another. -
THE CATHOLIC COMMUNITIES of the WOOD RIVER VALLEY
THE CATHOLIC COMMUNITIES of the WOOD RIVER VALLEY Fr. Justin Brady, Pastor January 10, 2021 St. Charles Our Lady Borromeo of the Snows 315 1st Avenue South 206 Sun Valley Road Hailey, Idaho Sun Valley, Idaho Holy Mass: Holy Mass: English: Saturday 5:00 p.m. Sunday 8:30 a.m. Sunday 10:30 a.m. Wednesday 7:30 a.m. Tuesday, Thursday, Friday Thursday 5:30 p.m. 8:00 a.m. Spanish: Saturday 7:30 p.m. Communion Wednesday 7:00 p.m. Service: Monday, Wednesday Confession: 8:00 a.m. Wednesday 6:00-7:00 p.m. Confession: Office Hours: Saturday 4:00-5:00 p.m. Tuesday-Friday or by appointment 9:00 a.m.-4:00 p.m. Office Hours: Contact Information: Monday-Friday P.O. Box 789 9:00 a.m.-3:30 p.m. Hailey, ID 83333 Phone: 208-788-3024 Contact Information: Fax: 208-788-0726 P.O. Box 1650 [email protected] Sun Valley, ID 83353 Phone: 208-622-3432 www.stcharleshailey.org lmighty ever-living God, A Fax: 208-622-4348 Immaculate who, when Christ had been baptized parishoffi[email protected] www.svcatholic.org Conception in the River Jordan and as the Holy Spirit descended upon him, Fairfield, Idaho solemnly declared him your beloved Son, Contact St. Charles grant that your children by adoption, for Holy Mass Schedule reborn of water and the Holy Spirit, may always be well pleasing to you. Our Lady of the Snows. January 9th and 10th, 2021 WEEKLY CALENDAR: MONDAY Communion Service 8:00 a.m. -
A Tungsten Filament Is Drawn to a Very Uniform Diameter When It Is Manufactured
http://invsee.eas.asu.edu/nmodules/lightbulbmod/burnout.html A tungsten filament is drawn to a very uniform diameter when it is manufactured. As a result, when a light bulb is first turned on the filament emits light relatively evenly along the length of the filament. Explore the failure of a filament using the following movie which shows an accelerated view of a filament failing. Notice how the light emitted from the filament changes intensity and location with time. Why does the filament get bright at one point before it fails ? Standard electrical outlets in the United States provide 110 volt (V) electricity. For an incandescent light bulb, the electric current (i) used to heat the filament is determined by the electrical resistance (R) of the filament according to Ohm’s Law: V = i R Electric power (P) is the rate of conversion of electrical energy to another form, such as heat. For a resistor, such as a tungsten light bulb filament, the power may be expressed as: P = i2 R = V2/R. The voltage drop across the filament is essentially constant. As a result, when R varies, so does i. In particular, R can vary locally with the cross-sectional area of the filament: R = ρ (l/s), where ρ is the specific resistance of tungsten (ohms), l is the length of a filament region (cm) and s is the cross-sectional area of the filament region locally (cm2). If the cross-sectional area of the filament changes with time to vary along its length, the current passing through each part of the filament will remain constant. -
Wood*River*Bicycle*Coalition
Testimony*of*Brett*Stevenson,*! Wood*River*Bicycle*Coalition,*! a*Chapter*of*the*International*Mountain*Bicycling*Association! Before*the*U.S.*Senate*Committee*on*Energy*and*Natural*Resources! Subcommittee*on*Public*Lands,*Forests,*and*Mining! Legislative*Hearing*on*the*Sawtooth*National*Recreation*Area*and*Jerry*Peak* Wilderness*Additions*Act*S.583.! ! Thank!you!Chairman!Murkowski,!Ranking!Member!Cantwell,!and!distinguished!members! of!the!Committee.!I!appreciate!the!opportunity!to!weigh!in!on!this!important!bill!effecting! the! management! of! our! public! lands.! It! is! an! honor! and! a! privilege! to! provide! a! local! perspective!on!issues!that!are!so!critical!to!our!quality!of!life!!and!the!outdoor!recreation! economy,!nationally!and!locally.! ! My!name!is!Brett!Stevenson!and!I!am!a!native!of!Idaho.!My!parents!left!their!careers!in!San! Francisco! before! I! was! born! in! search! of! something! new,! wholesome,! and! fresh.! They! discovered!the!Wood!River!Valley!and!something!resonated.!The!rural!authenticity,!infinite! amount! of! mountain! adventure! and! wealth! of! recreational! opportunities,! and! rugged,! beautiful!landscape!of!Idaho!was!where!they!wanted!to!spend!their!life!lives!and!raise!their! children.! ! They! bought! land! and! started! farming.! For! over! forty! years! now! my! family! has! been! growing!barley!for!Coors!Brewing!Company!and!in!that!time,!we’ve!gotten!pretty!good.!We! have! become! ! MillerCoors’! Showcase! Barley! Farm.! A! distinction! earned! by! making! irrigation! adjustments! to! save! -
The South Central Idaho Region
Investing in Manufacturing Communities Partnership South-Central Idaho Manufacturing Community The Community In South-central Idaho, the food production, processing, and science industrial sector contains a significant mix of key technologies and supply chain elements, making it a regional manufacturing focus. The Magic Valley of South-central Idaho stands as one of the most diverse food baskets in the nation. A powerhouse of agricultural production and processing, the region is home to a diverse cluster of big name, globally recognized processors and home-grown food production facilities. The Vision Partnerships between industry and colleges/universities are firmly in place to improve the region’s workforce, supply chains, applied research, and other elements of the region’s ecosystem. The economic development partnership, led by Region IV Development Association, plans to create and implement a comprehensive strategy to leverage these resources to drive the social, environmental and economic sustainability of the region’s food production, processing, and science cluster. The Strategy Workforce and Training: With a relatively low unemployment rate, the region’s food processing industry is facing a tight labor market, especially for skilled labor. Firms in this industry cluster are developing plans to convince potential workers that the food processing facilities today are no longer dark and nasty as in the past, but bristle with high-tech instruments and automated controls. To boost awareness of the variety of employment positions, the levels of education and training required and the potential career paths, the region’s industry partners anticipate using a myriad of tools – including mobile job fairs, internships and apprenticeships, industry certification programs, student research and senior projects, as well as outreach to school counselors and student organization advisors, to work with students at the middle school to high school level. -
Geologic Map of IDAHO
Geologic Map of IDAHO 2012 COMPILED BY Reed S. Lewis, Paul K. Link, Loudon R. Stanford, and Sean P. Long Geologic Map of Idaho Compiled by Reed S. Lewis, Paul K. Link, Loudon R. Stanford, and Sean P. Long Idaho Geological Survey Geologic Map 9 Third Floor, Morrill Hall 2012 University of Idaho Front cover photo: Oblique aerial Moscow, Idaho 83843-3014 view of Sand Butte, a maar crater, northeast of Richfield, Lincoln County. Photograph Ronald Greeley. Geologic Map Idaho Compiled by Reed S. Lewis, Paul K. Link, Loudon R. Stanford, and Sean P. Long 2012 INTRODUCTION The Geologic Map of Idaho brings together the ex- Map units from the various sources were condensed tensive mapping and associated research released since to 74 units statewide, and major faults were identified. the previous statewide compilation by Bond (1978). The Compilation was at 1:500,000 scale. R.S. Lewis com- geology is compiled from more than ninety map sources piled the northern and western parts of the state. P.K. (Figure 1). Mapping from the 1980s includes work from Link initially compiled the eastern and southeastern the U.S. Geological Survey Conterminous U.S. Mineral parts and was later assisted by S.P. Long. County geo- Appraisal Program (Worl and others, 1991; Fisher and logic maps were derived from this compilation for the others, 1992). Mapping from the 1990s includes work Digital Atlas of Idaho (Link and Lewis, 2002). Follow- by the U.S. Geological Survey during mineral assess- ments of the Payette and Salmon National forests (Ev- ing the county map project, the statewide compilation ans and Green, 2003; Lund, 2004). -
Open File #625 1962 62-0120 Prepared Partly in Cooperation With
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY QUATERNARY GEOLOGY OF THE BELLEVUE AREA IN BLAINE AND CAMAS COUNTIES, IDAHO by Dwight Lyman Schmidt Open File #625 1962 62-0120 Prepared partly in cooperation with the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission This report is preliminary and has not been edited for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey standards. Some of the nomenclature used in this report does not conform with that in use by the Survey. QOATKRHARY OBOLOOY OF THE BELU5VOE AREA IV BIAIHE AHD GAMAS COOTTEBS, IDAHO by Didjht L. Sehsddt ABSTRACT The Bellevue area covers about 350 square miles of a foothill belt between the Rocky Mountains to the north and the Snake River Plains to the south* Complexly deforaed inpure ouartzites and llBestones of the Mlssissippian Mllllgen and Pennsylvanian*Pendan Wood River fbraations vere intruded by large bodies of quartz diorlte and granodiorite along regional structures trending northwesterly; the intrusions are part of the Cretaceous Idaho batholith* Xrosional rennants of the Ghallis vol- canies, doodnantly latitie to andesitie in composition and early(r) to Kiddle Tertiary in age* rest unconfbraably on the older rocks* A sequence of Pliocene rhyolitic ash flow and basaltic lava flows uneonfbrsably overlies the Coallis and older rocks and is in turn unconfbraably overlain by oliviaa basalt of late Pliocene or early Quaternary age* The sain Talleys of the area, partly erosional and partly structural in origin, are underlain by late Quaternary olirLne basalt flows (Snake River basalt) -
Unit 1: What Is Energy?
UNIT 1: WHAT IS ENERGY? TEACHER OVERVIEW The three essential resources for any nation are food, water and energy. As a matter of fact, it is energy that helps produce more food and cleaner water for our ever growing global population. Securing and producing enough energy often becomes critical to economic and social stability throughout the world, so we need to know and understand as much as we can about our energy resources. Understanding where energy comes from and how we use it is more important now that at any time in our past as we want to provide a better and longer life for our global community. The energy concept is fundamentally scientific in nature, but it has tremendous personal and social significance. Energy is one of the most fundamental parts of our universe. We cannot see, hear or touch energy, yet we use energy every day. Although energy isn’t visible, we can detect evidence of energy. Movement, sound, heat, and light provide evidence that energy is present and being used. Energy from the sun lights the earth during the day and is used by plants to produce food. Energy lights up our homes and towns; provides the power for our modes of transportation (planes, trains, vehicles, rockets, etc.); warms and cools our homes; cooks our meals; plays our music; powers our phones, computers, tablets and televisions; powers the machinery used by factories, farmers, and construction workers; and too many others to mention. The Sun provides the energy for producers in a food chain to produce food for nearly all other organisms for their survival. -
July 2019 Cresset
July/August 2019 Bottisham Community Sports and Social Club Now that summer is upon us why not take a stroll to the club and enjoy some of the early evening sunshine with friends and family and sample some of our fine range of guest beers, lagers and wines not to mention our very popular gins, all the family are welcome including the dog. As a committee we would like to thank all our members old and new for their support and custom throughout the first half of this year, we have enjoyed some fantastic events and evenings and we look forward to many more in the coming months, with your continued support. After the success of last year’s Craft Fair we will be holding another one this year, we do have limited spaces so if anyone is interested please leave a name and email address, or phone number with a member of staff at the club and we will contact you with the details. WHATS ON July 20th Live Music from Kim Lane , tickets available at the bar. October 26th Children’s Halloween Disco, Fancy dress . November 16th Five Ska are back sure to be a sell out, book early. November 24th Craft Fair . New Years Eve Back by popular request All Glammed Up. FRIDAY NIGHTS Our members draw £100 takes place between 9.00 and 10.30, you must be in the club at the time to win it. Members play your cards right as of June 10th over £3000 and the weekly meat draw are also available. -
Lamps = Sources: Points, Blobs, and Lines
Lamps = Sources: Points, Blobs, and Lines All life on earth evolved under both sunlight and darkness. This light and dark cycle not only allowed for various activities, but Light Sources Secondary Light Sources Eyes Brain evolved to regulate all species circadian rhythm – internal biological clock. Generators – Modifiers and Re-transmitters Receivers – Decoder – Transmitters Encoders Interpreter Sun, Discharge lamps, Atmosphere, Air, Water, Planets, Lenses, Cornea, Iris, Lens, Analysis, fluorescent lamps. Windows, Tress – All natural or manufactured Rods & Cones, Identification Incandescent lamps, objects which modify light waves before they Optic Nerves Association Open flames, etc. reach the eye. Perception Invented in 1880 - Only 125 years in our environment! IN THE BEGINNING IN THE BEGINNING Let There Be Light! - (c 4.5 Billion BC) FIRE, FLAME and TORCH - (c 400,000 BC) In the beginning it was dark and cold. There was no sun, no light, no Homo erectus probably discovered fire by accident. Fire was most earth, no solar system. There was nothing, just the empty void of likely given to man as a 'gift from the heavens' when a bolt of space. Then slowly, about 4.5 billion years ago, a swirling nebula, - a lightning struck a tree or a bush, suddenly starting it on fire. huge cloud of gas and dust was formed. Eventually this cloud The flaming touch and the campfire probably constituted early contracted and grew into a central molten mass that became our sun. man's first use of 'artificial' lighting. For the first time man gained At first the sun was a molten glow. As the core pressure increased, some small degree of freedom from the blindness of night, and and the temperature rose to millions of degrees - a star was born.