DOCSLIB.ORG

The Dark Side of Light Pollution

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Dark Side of Light Pollution www.IDAHODARKSKY.org – Frank Church, U.S. Senator U.S. Church, Frank – The Dark Side of Light Pollution star-studded summer sky.” sky.” summer star-studded an Idaho mountainside under a a under mountainside Idaho an Energy – According to the U.S Department of Energy, about 35% of light is wasted by unshielded and poorly spending the night in the open on on open the in night the spending aimed lighting. That amounts to $3.3 billion and 21 million self important in the morning after after morning the in important self tons of carbon dioxide per year. “I never knew a man who felt felt who man a knew never “I Heritage – Humans throughout history have looked up at the natural night sky with awe and curiosity. The starry sky has provided navigation assistance, spurred scientific endeavors, and inspired artists, poets, and stargazers. YOU CAN HELP MINIMIZE LIGHT POLLUTION Welcome to The good news about light pollution is that it is easier to resolve than other forms of pollution. You can literally just the Central Idaho Very Bad Bad Better Best flip a switch to make a difference! 1. Inspect the lighting around your home. Turning off Dark Sky Reserve! e’ve all learned about land, water, and air unnecessary lights reduces light pollution, saves you money, PHOTO PETER BY LOVERA pollution but have you ever thought about light and cuts energy use. W ere in the heart of central Idaho, we celebrate our pollution? The International Dark-Sky Association (IDA) pristine night sky as part of our heritage and a treasure website defines light pollution as the inappropriate or H worth preserving for our children and future generations. excessive use of manmade light and explains some surprising consequences linked to the increasing light Whether you use your eyes or binoculars or a telescope, you pollution in our world. will find it is truly humbling to view planets, the Milky Way, meteors, comets, and even deep sky objects. Some common types of light pollution include glaring or bright lights that impair our eyesight and actually make it Across the country, more than 80 percent of people reside harder to see objects directly in the glare. Light trespass in cities and urban areas where light pollution dilutes and occurs when light intended for one purpose impacts Light Trespass Light where needed distorts their view of the stars. Research shows the Milky adjacent places or people. The familiar sky glow that Way is hidden from view of more than one-third of the lights up the sky over cities and brightly lit businesses is 2. Use dark-sky friendly lighting at your home and world’s population. business. Install fixtures or shields that direct light another example of light pollution. downward on areas that need illumination, thereby limiting The Central Idaho Dark Sky Reserve is a treasured resource light trespass, glare, and up-lighting into the night sky. for local residents and for all Idahoans and visitors from THE EFFECTS OF LIGHT POLLUTION Choose bulbs for outdoor lights that provide warm white across the world who come to experience the wonder Human health – Excessive artificial light at night affects light with a yellow glow rather than cool blue light. of the starry night sky. The Reserve is the result of a our circadian rhythm, the biological clock that guides our 3. Talk to your friends, family, and neighbors. You collective commitment by communities, public land managers, daily routine to sleep, wake, and eat. Living with constant can find resources on our website to help in your efforts to and private landowners to support the dark sky experience. light increases risks for obesity, depression, sleep disorders, encourage and educate others about light pollution. diabetes, breast cancer, and more. 4. Advocate for a lighting ordinance in your town or Remember to look up at the stars and Wildlife – Many creatures including amphibians, birds, area. Contact your local government to see if there is an not down at your feet. Try to make mammals, insects, and plants are affected by artificial existing ordinance or how you can help them explore options. sense of what you see, wonder about light. It disturbs sleep patterns, affects pollination, and Want more information? Check out www.darksky.org/ what makes the universe exist. interferes with reproduction lighting/lighting-basics/ Dr. Stephen Hawking, Theoretical Physicist Source: www.lightpollution.it/worldatlas/pages COEUR D’ALENE 90 LEWISTON n R Salmo iv er PHOTO BY NILS RIBI SALMON MCCALL 93 CHALLIS The FIRST STANLEY 75 93 15 Artificial night sky brightness in the mid 1970s Artificial night sky brightness in 1997 21 International Dark Sky SUN VALLEY KETCHUM IDAHO BOISE 20 FALLS Reserve in the U.S. 84 POCATELLO 75 r e TWIN FALLS iv ake R Central Idaho and the Reserve Sn he International Dark-Sky Association (IDA) designated 84 15 the Central Idaho Dark Sky Reserve in December he Central Idaho Dark Sky Reserve encompasses T Learn about the Night Sky with our 2017, the twelfth such reserve worldwide. IDA awarded www.IDAHODARKSKY.org 906,000 acres (1,416 square miles) most of which is T Partners! the area Gold Tier status, their highest ranking for night sky #idahodarksky public lands within the Sawtooth National Forest. The quality. For more information about other Dark Sky Re- Reserve includes portions of Blaine, Boise, Custer and Sawtooth Interpretive & Historical Association (SIHA) is based in Stanley in the heart of the Reserve and operates serves, go to www.darksky.org. PARTNERS Elmore counties, the communities of Stanley, Lower Stanley, Smiley Creek, Ketchum and Sun Valley. Central the Redfish Visitor Center and Stanley Museum. SIHA The designation represents nearly two decades of planning G A N D P R I N O T offers activities for children and adults during the summer V E R C E T Idaho constitutes one of the last large ‘pools’ of natural S I E N efforts and policy decisions by city and county leaders, local R G P IDAHO nighttime darkness left in the United States. months including star parties, Jr Ranger programs and a businesses and organizations, and public land managers. CONSERVATION lecture series. (www.discoversawtooth.org) Working together, these partners continue to focus on LEAGUE The Reserve has as its core parts of three designated preserving the quality of the night-time environment and wilderness areas and is situated in the spectacular scenery Sawtooth Botanical Garden, south of Ketchum, hosts A 2 U G 9 7 U S T 2 2 , 1 reducing the impact of light pollution in the area. of the Sawtooth National Recreation Area (NRA). periodic night sky programs throughout the year ranging The designation of the Reserve is a particularly good fit from astrophotography to constellation mythology. Through our combined efforts, we are working to: within the recreation area, as it supports the area’s (www.sbgarden.org) enabling legislation. • Preserve and enhance the natural nighttime experience Local Astronomy Clubs and Societies to improve quality of life. In 1972, Congress established the 756,000-acre Sawtooth Boise Astronomical Society www.boiseastro.org • Highlight the economic benefits associated with dark sky NRA with the passage of Public Law 92-400 which sought Idaho Falls Astronomical Society www.ifastro.org compliant lighting—from energy savings to tourism revenue. to preserve and protect the Area’s “natural, scenic, historic, Magic Valley Astronomical Society www.mvastro.org pastoral, and fish and wildlife values and to provide for the • Conserve our robust nocturnal ecosystems and support the needs of wildlife. enhancement of the recreation values associated therewith.” For my part I know nothing with Preserving the natural night sky complements all of these • Enhance local scientific and educational opportunities values and contributes to the solitude and primitive quality any certainty but the sight of through astronomy and other natural studies. of the associated Wilderness areas. the stars makes me dream. • Promote our dark skies as a unique community asset and ©2018 Central Idaho Dark Sky Reserve Vincent van Gogh, Artist part of our local and national heritage Cover photo by Ed Cannady 21 Central Idaho Dark Sky Reserve 75 To Challis, Salmon Ketchum 4 Suggested Dark Sky r C 3 www.idahodarksky.org 2 Viewing Sites o w OA D d Park Cr R ea Overlook V N 1 a You can get a good view of the night A Dark Sky City O M l Sunbeam l Y e N Elk Mtn y Clayton sky from mostA places within the C r Stanley 5 r R C C Reserve. TheseA are a few easy to Chamber C r r P k R l e e S Spar WILLOW E B k 75 S e Stanley l a lmo v o n i r Mtn CREEK i Salmo R access viewing sites. D k n Riv Museum g u E er C r n o R SUMMIT g k D C y Stanley C h e Y Dickey Elk r r n A a a e e CORRAL r C Lower s Peak O o v SawtoothC National Forest C Lake G R C r Lake n i a HORSE r k k r i U Stanley n e r S n C s e e D C o e e a G t p a B a BASIN L e r S Recreation Sites e e Potaman THE PAINT N C a A C k I m r d C n 21 r l l C i C R Peak POT s H e r o u O McGown C S a Stanley l h P t n p Anderson - H c S t CECIL D.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Introduction to Short-Season Gardening in Idaho by Stephen L
    SHORT-SEASON, HIGH-ALTITUDE GARDENING BULLETIN 857 Introduction to short-season gardening in Idaho by Stephen L. Love, Kathy Noble, and Stuart Parkinson INTRODUCTION Many of us who garden in Idaho face the challenges brought on by lack of summer warmth, spring and fall frost, extreme winter cold, or desiccation from frequent wind. Growing beautiful and productive plants in the high CONTENTS desert or mountain regions of Idaho requires unique approaches and an attention to detail that are rarely discussed in popular garden guides. INTRODUCTION . 1 DEFINING THE SHORT-SEASON, HIGH-ALTITUDE This publication introduces the Short-Season/High-Altitude Gardening series ZONE . 1 specifically designed to provide effective, comprehensive ideas for gardening IDAHO’S THREE SHORT-SEASON CLIMATES . 2 where Idaho’s unique combination of extreme climate, weather, geology, and NUANCES OF MICROCLIMATE . 4 Rural vs. Urban . 4 geography presents obstacles to successful gardening. Subsequent publications Slope and Aspect . 4 provide details on managing specific kinds of plants in the short-season garden. Local Weather Patterns . 4 DEFINING THE SHORT-SEASON, HIGH-ALTITUDE ZONE The Short-Season/High-Altitude Gardening series is for gardeners living within Idaho’s harshest climates, specifically those rated USDA hardiness YOU ARE A SHORT-SEASON, HIGH-ALTITUDE GARDENER IF: zone 4 or colder, situated at an elevation above 4,500 feet, or with a frost- free period of fewer than 110 days. Although many locales throughout the You live in Idaho at an elevation above 4,500 feet, OR state experience these conditions, they are most common in the upper Snake Your USDA hardiness zone is 4 or lower, OR River Valley, the southeastern and southern highlands, the high deserts north You have a frost-free growing season of 110 days or less of the Snake River, the central mountains, and the coldest valley and moun- tain locations in the northern panhandle.
    [Show full text]
  • See Grantees
    Organization Name Program Area County Amount Funded East region Aid for Friends Housing and Assistance Bannock $20,000.00 Aid for Friends Housing and Assistance Bannock $14,285.00 Bear Lake Healthcare Foundation Health Bear Lake $17,500.00 Bingham County Senior Center Food and Basic Needs Bingham $15,000.00 Bingham Crisis Center Domestic Violence Bingham $5,000.00 Bingham Crisis Center Domestic Violence Bingham $5,415.00 Center for Hope Health Bonneville $1,000.00 Challis Senior Citizens Inc Food and Basic Needs Custer $1,150.00 Club, Inc. Housing and Assistance Bonneville $14,285.00 Community Resource Center of Teton Valley Housing and Assistance Teton $10,000.00 Eastern Idaho Community College Food and Basic Needs Bonneville $5,000.00 Eastern Idaho Community Partnership Housing and Assistance Bonneville $15,000.00 Family Services Alliance of SE Idaho Inc Domestic Violence Bannock $14,000.00 Family Services Alliance of SE Idaho Inc Domestic Violence Bannock $5,415.00 Gate City Christian Church Food and Basic Needs Bannock $2,000.00 Giving Cupboard Food and Basic Needs Jefferson $5,000.00 Idaho State University Food and Basic Needs Bannock $20,000.00 JRM Foundation (Fort Hall COVID‐19 Relief Fund) Food and Basic Needs Bannock $5,000.00 Lemhi County Crisis Intervention, Mahoney House Domestic Violence Lemhi $7,800.00 Lemhi County Crisis Intervention, Mahoney House Domestic Violence Lemhi $5,415.00 NAMI Idaho Health Bannock $16,000.00 Oneida Crisis Center Food and Basic Needs Oneida $1,500.00 Pocatello Free Clinic Health Bannock $8,300.00 Regional Council for Christian Ministry Food and Basic Needs Bonneville $7,345.00 Rigby Senior Center Food and Basic Needs Jefferson $5,000.00 Senior Activity Center Food and Basic Needs Bingham $2,530.00 Senior Citizens' Community Center, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Fire As a Physical Process
    1.3 Energy transfer and the stages of combustion Understanding the principles of combustion, can we begin to see how fires initiate and spread? To complete the fire triangle, energy must move through space from a source to a “fuel” initiation oxygen energy THE COMBUSTION TRIANGLE How does this happen? combustible material Heat is a form of energy • Heat (or thermal energy) is proportional to molecular movement of matter, i.e., kinetic energy (KE) • The Kelvin scale measures the energy content of matter, starting at absolute 0 (- 273° C) • Heated objects emit radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS): • In the range we will deal with, mostly in the infrared • Even higher velocities emit in higher-frequency bands of the EMS See the “Ask a Scientist” excerpt posted for this lecture international light association, http://www.international-light-association.org Three basic modes of energy transfer: Conduction Radiation Convection A general principle of heat transfer: • Heat transfers between bodies according to the second law of thermodynamics (which in this case says that heat flows from high to low energy states, i.e., hot to cold bodies – In other words, heat flows down energy gradients – This goes a long way to explaining much of how fires behave 1. Conduction Movement of energy through a solid, or between solids in contact by molecular motion • Depends on thermal conductivity and energy gradient of material (conductors, insulators) • Also depends on amount of area of contact • Examples? • touching a hot metal object, e.g. a saucepan handle • heating water by an immersion coil • melting lead solder with a soldering iron • putting an ice cube on your skin Conductivity (ability of a material to conduct energy) The transfer of heat between molecules in contact with one another.
    [Show full text]
  • THE CATHOLIC COMMUNITIES of the WOOD RIVER VALLEY
    THE CATHOLIC COMMUNITIES of the WOOD RIVER VALLEY Fr. Justin Brady, Pastor January 10, 2021 St. Charles Our Lady Borromeo of the Snows 315 1st Avenue South 206 Sun Valley Road Hailey, Idaho Sun Valley, Idaho Holy Mass: Holy Mass: English: Saturday 5:00 p.m. Sunday 8:30 a.m. Sunday 10:30 a.m. Wednesday 7:30 a.m. Tuesday, Thursday, Friday Thursday 5:30 p.m. 8:00 a.m. Spanish: Saturday 7:30 p.m. Communion Wednesday 7:00 p.m. Service: Monday, Wednesday Confession: 8:00 a.m. Wednesday 6:00-7:00 p.m. Confession: Office Hours: Saturday 4:00-5:00 p.m. Tuesday-Friday or by appointment 9:00 a.m.-4:00 p.m. Office Hours: Contact Information: Monday-Friday P.O. Box 789 9:00 a.m.-3:30 p.m. Hailey, ID 83333 Phone: 208-788-3024 Contact Information: Fax: 208-788-0726 P.O. Box 1650 [email protected] Sun Valley, ID 83353 Phone: 208-622-3432 www.stcharleshailey.org lmighty ever-living God, A Fax: 208-622-4348 Immaculate who, when Christ had been baptized parishoffi[email protected] www.svcatholic.org Conception in the River Jordan and as the Holy Spirit descended upon him, Fairfield, Idaho solemnly declared him your beloved Son, Contact St. Charles grant that your children by adoption, for Holy Mass Schedule reborn of water and the Holy Spirit, may always be well pleasing to you. Our Lady of the Snows. January 9th and 10th, 2021 WEEKLY CALENDAR: MONDAY Communion Service 8:00 a.m.
    [Show full text]
  • A Tungsten Filament Is Drawn to a Very Uniform Diameter When It Is Manufactured
    http://invsee.eas.asu.edu/nmodules/lightbulbmod/burnout.html A tungsten filament is drawn to a very uniform diameter when it is manufactured. As a result, when a light bulb is first turned on the filament emits light relatively evenly along the length of the filament. Explore the failure of a filament using the following movie which shows an accelerated view of a filament failing. Notice how the light emitted from the filament changes intensity and location with time. Why does the filament get bright at one point before it fails ? Standard electrical outlets in the United States provide 110 volt (V) electricity. For an incandescent light bulb, the electric current (i) used to heat the filament is determined by the electrical resistance (R) of the filament according to Ohm’s Law: V = i R Electric power (P) is the rate of conversion of electrical energy to another form, such as heat. For a resistor, such as a tungsten light bulb filament, the power may be expressed as: P = i2 R = V2/R. The voltage drop across the filament is essentially constant. As a result, when R varies, so does i. In particular, R can vary locally with the cross-sectional area of the filament: R = ρ (l/s), where ρ is the specific resistance of tungsten (ohms), l is the length of a filament region (cm) and s is the cross-sectional area of the filament region locally (cm2). If the cross-sectional area of the filament changes with time to vary along its length, the current passing through each part of the filament will remain constant.
    [Show full text]
  • Wood*River*Bicycle*Coalition
    Testimony*of*Brett*Stevenson,*! Wood*River*Bicycle*Coalition,*! a*Chapter*of*the*International*Mountain*Bicycling*Association! Before*the*U.S.*Senate*Committee*on*Energy*and*Natural*Resources! Subcommittee*on*Public*Lands,*Forests,*and*Mining! Legislative*Hearing*on*the*Sawtooth*National*Recreation*Area*and*Jerry*Peak* Wilderness*Additions*Act*S.583.! ! Thank!you!Chairman!Murkowski,!Ranking!Member!Cantwell,!and!distinguished!members! of!the!Committee.!I!appreciate!the!opportunity!to!weigh!in!on!this!important!bill!effecting! the! management! of! our! public! lands.! It! is! an! honor! and! a! privilege! to! provide! a! local! perspective!on!issues!that!are!so!critical!to!our!quality!of!life!!and!the!outdoor!recreation! economy,!nationally!and!locally.! ! My!name!is!Brett!Stevenson!and!I!am!a!native!of!Idaho.!My!parents!left!their!careers!in!San! Francisco! before! I! was! born! in! search! of! something! new,! wholesome,! and! fresh.! They! discovered!the!Wood!River!Valley!and!something!resonated.!The!rural!authenticity,!infinite! amount! of! mountain! adventure! and! wealth! of! recreational! opportunities,! and! rugged,! beautiful!landscape!of!Idaho!was!where!they!wanted!to!spend!their!life!lives!and!raise!their! children.! ! They! bought! land! and! started! farming.! For! over! forty! years! now! my! family! has! been! growing!barley!for!Coors!Brewing!Company!and!in!that!time,!we’ve!gotten!pretty!good.!We! have! become! ! MillerCoors’! Showcase! Barley! Farm.! A! distinction! earned! by! making! irrigation! adjustments! to! save!
    [Show full text]
  • The South Central Idaho Region
    Investing in Manufacturing Communities Partnership South-Central Idaho Manufacturing Community The Community In South-central Idaho, the food production, processing, and science industrial sector contains a significant mix of key technologies and supply chain elements, making it a regional manufacturing focus. The Magic Valley of South-central Idaho stands as one of the most diverse food baskets in the nation. A powerhouse of agricultural production and processing, the region is home to a diverse cluster of big name, globally recognized processors and home-grown food production facilities. The Vision Partnerships between industry and colleges/universities are firmly in place to improve the region’s workforce, supply chains, applied research, and other elements of the region’s ecosystem. The economic development partnership, led by Region IV Development Association, plans to create and implement a comprehensive strategy to leverage these resources to drive the social, environmental and economic sustainability of the region’s food production, processing, and science cluster. The Strategy Workforce and Training: With a relatively low unemployment rate, the region’s food processing industry is facing a tight labor market, especially for skilled labor. Firms in this industry cluster are developing plans to convince potential workers that the food processing facilities today are no longer dark and nasty as in the past, but bristle with high-tech instruments and automated controls. To boost awareness of the variety of employment positions, the levels of education and training required and the potential career paths, the region’s industry partners anticipate using a myriad of tools – including mobile job fairs, internships and apprenticeships, industry certification programs, student research and senior projects, as well as outreach to school counselors and student organization advisors, to work with students at the middle school to high school level.
    [Show full text]
  • Geologic Map of IDAHO
    Geologic Map of IDAHO 2012 COMPILED BY Reed S. Lewis, Paul K. Link, Loudon R. Stanford, and Sean P. Long Geologic Map of Idaho Compiled by Reed S. Lewis, Paul K. Link, Loudon R. Stanford, and Sean P. Long Idaho Geological Survey Geologic Map 9 Third Floor, Morrill Hall 2012 University of Idaho Front cover photo: Oblique aerial Moscow, Idaho 83843-3014 view of Sand Butte, a maar crater, northeast of Richfield, Lincoln County. Photograph Ronald Greeley. Geologic Map Idaho Compiled by Reed S. Lewis, Paul K. Link, Loudon R. Stanford, and Sean P. Long 2012 INTRODUCTION The Geologic Map of Idaho brings together the ex- Map units from the various sources were condensed tensive mapping and associated research released since to 74 units statewide, and major faults were identified. the previous statewide compilation by Bond (1978). The Compilation was at 1:500,000 scale. R.S. Lewis com- geology is compiled from more than ninety map sources piled the northern and western parts of the state. P.K. (Figure 1). Mapping from the 1980s includes work from Link initially compiled the eastern and southeastern the U.S. Geological Survey Conterminous U.S. Mineral parts and was later assisted by S.P. Long. County geo- Appraisal Program (Worl and others, 1991; Fisher and logic maps were derived from this compilation for the others, 1992). Mapping from the 1990s includes work Digital Atlas of Idaho (Link and Lewis, 2002). Follow- by the U.S. Geological Survey during mineral assess- ments of the Payette and Salmon National forests (Ev- ing the county map project, the statewide compilation ans and Green, 2003; Lund, 2004).
    [Show full text]
  • Open File #625 1962 62-0120 Prepared Partly in Cooperation With
    UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY QUATERNARY GEOLOGY OF THE BELLEVUE AREA IN BLAINE AND CAMAS COUNTIES, IDAHO by Dwight Lyman Schmidt Open File #625 1962 62-0120 Prepared partly in cooperation with the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission This report is preliminary and has not been edited for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey standards. Some of the nomenclature used in this report does not conform with that in use by the Survey. QOATKRHARY OBOLOOY OF THE BELU5VOE AREA IV BIAIHE AHD GAMAS COOTTEBS, IDAHO by Didjht L. Sehsddt ABSTRACT The Bellevue area covers about 350 square miles of a foothill belt between the Rocky Mountains to the north and the Snake River Plains to the south* Complexly deforaed inpure ouartzites and llBestones of the Mlssissippian Mllllgen and Pennsylvanian*Pendan Wood River fbraations vere intruded by large bodies of quartz diorlte and granodiorite along regional structures trending northwesterly; the intrusions are part of the Cretaceous Idaho batholith* Xrosional rennants of the Ghallis vol- canies, doodnantly latitie to andesitie in composition and early(r) to Kiddle Tertiary in age* rest unconfbraably on the older rocks* A sequence of Pliocene rhyolitic ash flow and basaltic lava flows uneonfbrsably overlies the Coallis and older rocks and is in turn unconfbraably overlain by oliviaa basalt of late Pliocene or early Quaternary age* The sain Talleys of the area, partly erosional and partly structural in origin, are underlain by late Quaternary olirLne basalt flows (Snake River basalt)
    [Show full text]
  • Unit 1: What Is Energy?
    UNIT 1: WHAT IS ENERGY? TEACHER OVERVIEW The three essential resources for any nation are food, water and energy. As a matter of fact, it is energy that helps produce more food and cleaner water for our ever growing global population. Securing and producing enough energy often becomes critical to economic and social stability throughout the world, so we need to know and understand as much as we can about our energy resources. Understanding where energy comes from and how we use it is more important now that at any time in our past as we want to provide a better and longer life for our global community. The energy concept is fundamentally scientific in nature, but it has tremendous personal and social significance. Energy is one of the most fundamental parts of our universe. We cannot see, hear or touch energy, yet we use energy every day. Although energy isn’t visible, we can detect evidence of energy. Movement, sound, heat, and light provide evidence that energy is present and being used. Energy from the sun lights the earth during the day and is used by plants to produce food. Energy lights up our homes and towns; provides the power for our modes of transportation (planes, trains, vehicles, rockets, etc.); warms and cools our homes; cooks our meals; plays our music; powers our phones, computers, tablets and televisions; powers the machinery used by factories, farmers, and construction workers; and too many others to mention. The Sun provides the energy for producers in a food chain to produce food for nearly all other organisms for their survival.
    [Show full text]
  • July 2019 Cresset
    July/August 2019 Bottisham Community Sports and Social Club Now that summer is upon us why not take a stroll to the club and enjoy some of the early evening sunshine with friends and family and sample some of our fine range of guest beers, lagers and wines not to mention our very popular gins, all the family are welcome including the dog. As a committee we would like to thank all our members old and new for their support and custom throughout the first half of this year, we have enjoyed some fantastic events and evenings and we look forward to many more in the coming months, with your continued support. After the success of last year’s Craft Fair we will be holding another one this year, we do have limited spaces so if anyone is interested please leave a name and email address, or phone number with a member of staff at the club and we will contact you with the details. WHATS ON July 20th Live Music from Kim Lane , tickets available at the bar. October 26th Children’s Halloween Disco, Fancy dress . November 16th Five Ska are back sure to be a sell out, book early. November 24th Craft Fair . New Years Eve Back by popular request All Glammed Up. FRIDAY NIGHTS Our members draw £100 takes place between 9.00 and 10.30, you must be in the club at the time to win it. Members play your cards right as of June 10th over £3000 and the weekly meat draw are also available.
    [Show full text]
  • Lamps = Sources: Points, Blobs, and Lines
    Lamps = Sources: Points, Blobs, and Lines All life on earth evolved under both sunlight and darkness. This light and dark cycle not only allowed for various activities, but Light Sources Secondary Light Sources Eyes Brain evolved to regulate all species circadian rhythm – internal biological clock. Generators – Modifiers and Re-transmitters Receivers – Decoder – Transmitters Encoders Interpreter Sun, Discharge lamps, Atmosphere, Air, Water, Planets, Lenses, Cornea, Iris, Lens, Analysis, fluorescent lamps. Windows, Tress – All natural or manufactured Rods & Cones, Identification Incandescent lamps, objects which modify light waves before they Optic Nerves Association Open flames, etc. reach the eye. Perception Invented in 1880 - Only 125 years in our environment! IN THE BEGINNING IN THE BEGINNING Let There Be Light! - (c 4.5 Billion BC) FIRE, FLAME and TORCH - (c 400,000 BC) In the beginning it was dark and cold. There was no sun, no light, no Homo erectus probably discovered fire by accident. Fire was most earth, no solar system. There was nothing, just the empty void of likely given to man as a 'gift from the heavens' when a bolt of space. Then slowly, about 4.5 billion years ago, a swirling nebula, - a lightning struck a tree or a bush, suddenly starting it on fire. huge cloud of gas and dust was formed. Eventually this cloud The flaming touch and the campfire probably constituted early contracted and grew into a central molten mass that became our sun. man's first use of 'artificial' lighting. For the first time man gained At first the sun was a molten glow. As the core pressure increased, some small degree of freedom from the blindness of night, and and the temperature rose to millions of degrees - a star was born.
    [Show full text]