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Year in Review 2 NEWSLINE January 7, 2011 2010: S&T Achievement and Building for the Future
Published for Nthe employees of LawrenceEWSLINE Livermore National Laboratory January 7, 2011 Vol. 4, No. 1 Year in review 2 NEWSLINE January 7, 2011 2010: S&T achievement and building for the future hile delivering on its mission obligations with award-winning sci- ence and technology, the Laboratory also spent 2010 building for the future. W In an October all-hands address, Director George Miller said his top priori- ties are investing for the future in programmatic growth and the underpinning infrastructure, as well as recruiting and retaining top talent at the Lab. In Review “It’s an incredibly exciting situation we find ourselves in,” Miller said in an earlier talk about the Lab’s strategic outlook. “If you look at the set of issues facing the country, the Laboratory has experience in all of them.” Defining “national security” broadly, Miller said the Lab will continue to make vital contributions to stockpile stewardship, homeland security, nonprolif- eration, arms control, the environment, climate change and sustainable energy. “Energy, environment and climate change are national security issues,” he said. With an eye toward accelerating the development of technologies that benefit national security and industry, the Lab partnered with Sandia-Calif. to launch the Livermore Valley Open Campus (LVOC) on the Lab’s southeast side. Construction has begun on an R&D campus outside the fence that will allow for collaboration in a broad set of disciplines critical to the fulfillment DOE/NNSA missions and to strengthening U.S. industry’s economic competitiveness, includ- If you look at the set of issues facing ing high-performance computing, energy, cyber security and environment. -
From Blue Gene to Cell Power.Org Moscow, JSCC Technical Day November 30, 2005
IBM eServer pSeries™ From Blue Gene to Cell Power.org Moscow, JSCC Technical Day November 30, 2005 Dr. Luigi Brochard IBM Distinguished Engineer Deep Computing Architect [email protected] © 2004 IBM Corporation IBM eServer pSeries™ Technology Trends As frequency increase is limited due to power limitation Dual core is a way to : 2 x Peak Performance per chip (and per cycle) But at the expense of frequency (around 20% down) Another way is to increase Flop/cycle © 2004 IBM Corporation IBM eServer pSeries™ IBM innovations POWER : FMA in 1990 with POWER: 2 Flop/cycle/chip Double FMA in 1992 with POWER2 : 4 Flop/cycle/chip Dual core in 2001 with POWER4: 8 Flop/cycle/chip Quadruple core modules in Oct 2005 with POWER5: 16 Flop/cycle/module PowerPC: VMX in 2003 with ppc970FX : 8 Flops/cycle/core, 32bit only Dual VMX+ FMA with pp970MP in 1Q06 Blue Gene: Low frequency , system on a chip, tight integration of thousands of cpus Cell : 8 SIMD units and a ppc970 core on a chip : 64 Flop/cycle/chip © 2004 IBM Corporation IBM eServer pSeries™ Technology Trends As needs diversify, systems are heterogeneous and distributed GRID technologies are an essential part to create cooperative environments based on standards © 2004 IBM Corporation IBM eServer pSeries™ IBM innovations IBM is : a sponsor of Globus Alliances contributing to Globus Tool Kit open souce a founding member of Globus Consortium IBM is extending its products Global file systems : – Multi platform and multi cluster GPFS Meta schedulers : – Multi platform -
IBM Powerpc 970 (A.K.A. G5)
IBM PowerPC 970 (a.k.a. G5) Ref 1 David Benham and Yu-Chung Chen UIC – Department of Computer Science CS 466 PPC 970FX overview ● 64-bit RISC ● 58 million transistors ● 512 KB of L2 cache and 96KB of L1 cache ● 90um process with a die size of 65 sq. mm ● Native 32 bit compatibility ● Maximum clock speed of 2.7 Ghz ● SIMD instruction set (Altivec) ● 42 watts @ 1.8 Ghz (1.3 volts) ● Peak data bandwidth of 6.4 GB per second A picture is worth a 2^10 words (approx.) Ref 2 A little history ● PowerPC processor line is a product of the AIM alliance formed in 1991. (Apple, IBM, and Motorola) ● PPC 601 (G1) - 1993 ● PPC 603 (G2) - 1995 ● PPC 750 (G3) - 1997 ● PPC 7400 (G4) - 1999 ● PPC 970 (G5) - 2002 ● AIM alliance dissolved in 2005 Processor Ref 3 Ref 3 Core details ● 16(int)-25(vector) stage pipeline ● Large number of 'in flight' instructions (various stages of execution) - theoretical limit of 215 instructions ● 512 KB L2 cache ● 96 KB L1 cache – 64 KB I-Cache – 32 KB D-Cache Core details continued ● 10 execution units – 2 load/store operations – 2 fixed-point register-register operations – 2 floating-point operations – 1 branch operation – 1 condition register operation – 1 vector permute operation – 1 vector ALU operation ● 32 64 bit general purpose registers, 32 64 bit floating point registers, 32 128 vector registers Pipeline Ref 4 Benchmarks ● SPEC2000 ● BLAST – Bioinformatics ● Amber / jac - Structure biology ● CFD lab code SPEC CPU2000 ● IBM eServer BladeCenter JS20 ● PPC 970 2.2Ghz ● SPECint2000 ● Base: 986 Peak: 1040 ● SPECfp2000 ● Base: 1178 Peak: 1241 ● Dell PowerEdge 1750 Xeon 3.06Ghz ● SPECint2000 ● Base: 1031 Peak: 1067 Apple’s SPEC Results*2 ● SPECfp2000 ● Base: 1030 Peak: 1044 BLAST Ref. -
FY 2005 Annual Performance Evaluation and Appraisal Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (Rev
Description of document: FY 2005 Annual Performance Evaluation and Appraisal Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (Rev. 1 June 15, 2006) Requested date: 26-January-2007 Released date: 11-September-2007 Posted date: 15-October-2007 Title of Document Fiscal Year 2005 Annual Performance Evaluation and Appraisal Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Date/date range of document: FY 2005 Source of document: Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration Service Center P.O. Box 5400 Albuquerque, NM 87185 Freedom of Information Act U.S. Department of Energy 1000 Independence Ave., S.W. Washington, DC 20585 (202) 586-5955 [email protected] http://management.energy.gov/foia_pa.htm The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration Service Center P. O. Box 5400 Albuquerque, NM 87185 SEP 11 200t CERTIFIED MAIL - RESTRICTED DELIVERY - RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED This is in final response to your Freedom oflnformation Act (FOIA) request dated January 26, 2007, for "a copy ofthe most recent two annualperformance reviews for Pantex Site, Kansas City Site, Sandia Site, Los Alamos Site, Y-12 Site and Livermore Site." I contacted the Site Offices who have oversight responsibility for the records you requested, and they are enclosed. -
Chapter 1-Introduction to Microprocessors File
Chapter 1 Introduction to Microprocessors Expected Outcomes Explain the role of the CPU, memory and I/O device in a computer Distinguish between the microprocessor and microcontroller Differentiate various form of programming languages Compare between CISC vs RISC and Von Neumann vs Harvard architecture NMKNYFKEEUMP Introduction A microprocessor is an integrated circuit built on a tiny piece of silicon It contains thousands or even millions of transistors which are interconnected via superfine traces of aluminum The transistors work together to store and manipulate data so that the microprocessor can perform a wide variety of useful functions The particular functions a microprocessor perform are dictated by software The first microprocessor was the Intel 4004 (16-pin) introduced in 1971 containing 2300 transistors with 46 instruction sets Power8 processor, by contrast, contains 4.2 billion transistors NMKNYFKEEUMP Introduction Computer is an electronic machine that perform arithmetic operation and logic in response to instructions written Computer requires hardware and software to function Hardware is electronic circuit boards that provide functionality of the system such as power supply, cable, etc CPU – Central Processing Unit/Microprocessor Memory – store all programming and data Input/Output device – the flow of information Software is a programming that control the system operation and facilitate the computer usage Programming is a group of instructions that inform the computer to perform certain task NMKNYFKEEUMP Introduction Computer -
Computer Architectures an Overview
Computer Architectures An Overview PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Sat, 25 Feb 2012 22:35:32 UTC Contents Articles Microarchitecture 1 x86 7 PowerPC 23 IBM POWER 33 MIPS architecture 39 SPARC 57 ARM architecture 65 DEC Alpha 80 AlphaStation 92 AlphaServer 95 Very long instruction word 103 Instruction-level parallelism 107 Explicitly parallel instruction computing 108 References Article Sources and Contributors 111 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 113 Article Licenses License 114 Microarchitecture 1 Microarchitecture In computer engineering, microarchitecture (sometimes abbreviated to µarch or uarch), also called computer organization, is the way a given instruction set architecture (ISA) is implemented on a processor. A given ISA may be implemented with different microarchitectures.[1] Implementations might vary due to different goals of a given design or due to shifts in technology.[2] Computer architecture is the combination of microarchitecture and instruction set design. Relation to instruction set architecture The ISA is roughly the same as the programming model of a processor as seen by an assembly language programmer or compiler writer. The ISA includes the execution model, processor registers, address and data formats among other things. The Intel Core microarchitecture microarchitecture includes the constituent parts of the processor and how these interconnect and interoperate to implement the ISA. The microarchitecture of a machine is usually represented as (more or less detailed) diagrams that describe the interconnections of the various microarchitectural elements of the machine, which may be everything from single gates and registers, to complete arithmetic logic units (ALU)s and even larger elements. -
FY 2006 Annual Performance Evaluation and Appraisal Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (Rev
Description of document: FY 2006 Annual Performance Evaluation and Appraisal Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (Rev. 1 January 19, 2007) Requested date: 26-January-2007 Released date: 11-September-2007 Posted date: 15-October-2007 Title of Document Fiscal Year 2006 Annual Performance Evaluation and Appraisal Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Date/date range of document: FY 2006 Source of document: Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration Service Center P.O. Box 5400 Albuquerque, NM 87185 Freedom of Information Act U.S. Department of Energy 1000 Independence Ave., S.W. Washington, DC 20585 (202) 586-5955 [email protected] http://management.energy.gov/foia_pa.htm The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration Service Center P. O. Box 5400 Albuquerque, NM 87185 SEP 11 200t CERTIFIED MAIL - RESTRICTED DELIVERY - RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED This is in final response to your Freedom oflnformation Act (FOIA) request dated January 26, 2007, for "a copy ofthe most recent two annualperformance reviews for Pantex Site, Kansas City Site, Sandia Site, Los Alamos Site, Y-12 Site and Livermore Site." I contacted the Site Offices who have oversight responsibility for the records you requested, and they are enclosed. -
Stewarding a Reduced Stockpile
LLNL-CONF-403041 Stewarding a Reduced Stockpile Bruce T. Goodwin, Glenn L. Mara April 24, 2008 AAAS Technical Issues Workshop Washington, DC, United States Disclaimer This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, nor any of their employees makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, and shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes. This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Stewarding a Reduced Stockpile Bruce T. Goodwin, Principal Associate Director Weapons and Complex Integration Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Glenn Mara, Principal Associate Director for Weapons Programs Los Alamos National Laboratory The future of the US nuclear arsenal continues to be guided by two distinct drivers: the preservation of world peace and the prevention of further proliferation through our extended deterrent umbrella. Timely implementation of US nuclear policy decisions depends, in part, on the current state of stockpile weapons, their delivery systems, and the supporting infrastructure within the Department of Defense (DoD) and the Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA). -
January/February 2005 University of California Science & Technology Review Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory P.O
January/February 2005 University of California Science & Technology Review Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory P.O. Box 808, L-664 Livermore, California 94551 National Nuclear Security Administration’s Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Also in this issue: • Jobs for Russian Weapons Workers • New Facility for Today’s and Tomorrow’s Printed on recycled paper. Supercomputers • Extracting Marketable Minerals from Geothermal Fluids About the Cover Livermore scientists use powerful machines and codes for computer simulations that have changed the way science is done at the Laboratory. As the article beginning on p. 4 describes, computer simulations have become powerful tools for understanding and predicting the physical universe, from the interactions of individual atoms to the details of climate change. For example, Laboratory physicists have predicted a new melt curve of hydrogen, resulting in the possible existence of a novel superfluid. The cover illustrates the transition of hydrogen from a molecular solid (top) to a quantum liquid (bottom), with a “metallic sea” added in the background. Cover design: Amy Henke Amy design: Cover About the Review Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is operated by the University of California for the Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration. At Livermore, we focus science and technology on ensuring our nation’s security. We also apply that expertise to solve other important national problems in energy, bioscience, and the environment. Science & Technology Review is published 10 times a year to communicate, to a broad audience, the Laboratory’s scientific and technological accomplishments in fulfilling its primary missions. The publication’s goal is to help readers understand these accomplishments and appreciate their value to the individual citizen, the nation, and the world. -
B UCRL-AR-143313-08 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
UCRL-AR-143313-08 B Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory UCRL-AR-143313-08 FY09 Ten Year Site Plan A UCRL-AR-143313-08 Acknowledgments Responsible Organization Publication Editor Contributing Authors Institutional Facilities Karen Kline Jacky Angell Dan Knight Management Art Director Mike Auble Bill Maciel Sharon Beall Matt Mlekush Responsible Manager Scott Dougherty Denise Robinson Jeff Brenner Al Moser Design and Production Dennis Chew Ray Pierce Publication Directors Scott Dougherty Ray Chin Paul Reynolds Carey Bailey Marleen Emig Paul Chrzanowski Larry Sedlacek Paul Chu Paul Chu Rich Shonfeld Publication Manager Shawne Ellerbee Mark Sueksdorf Marleen Emig Kent Johnson Doug Sweeney Paul Kempel Jesse Yow And a special thanks to the NNSA Livermore Site Office, LLNL Directorates, Programs, Area Facility Operations Managers, contributors, and reviewers. DISCLAIMER This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, nor any of their employees makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, and shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes. -
2004 NERSC Annual Report
9864_CR_cover 4/14/05 5:42 PM Page 99 NERSC 2004 annual report annual NERSC 2004 National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center 2004 annual report LBNL-57369 9864_CR_cover 4/14/05 5:42 PM Page 100 Published by the Berkeley Lab Creative Services Office in collaboration with NERSC researchers and staff. JO#9864 Editor and principal writer: John Hules Contributing writers: Jon Bashor, Lynn Yarris, Julie McCullough, Paul Preuss, Wes Bethel DISCLAIMER This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to con- tain correct information, neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor The Regents of the University of California, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process dis- closed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by its trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommen- dation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof, or The Regents of the University of California. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof, or The Regents of the University of California. Cover image: Visualization based on a simulation of the density of a Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is an equal fuel pellet after it is injected into a tokamak fusion reactor. -
Delivering Insight: the History of the Accelerated Strategic Computing
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Computation Directorate Dona L. Crawford Computation Associate Director Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7000 East Avenue, L-559 Livermore, CA 94550 September 14, 2009 Dear Colleague: Several years ago, I commissioned Alex R. Larzelere II to research and write a history of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI) and its evolution into the Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASC) Program. The goal was to document the first 10 years of ASCI: how this integrated and sustained collaborative effort reached its goals, became a base program, and changed the face of high-performance computing in a way that independent, individually funded R&D projects for applications, facilities, infrastructure, and software development never could have achieved. Mr. Larzelere has combined the documented record with first-hand recollections of prominent leaders into a highly readable, 200-page account of the history of ASCI. The manuscript is a testament to thousands of hours of research and writing and the contributions of dozens of people. It represents, most fittingly, a collaborative effort many years in the making. I’m pleased to announce that Delivering Insight: The History of the Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI) has been approved for unlimited distribution and is available online at https://asc.llnl.gov/asc_history/. Sincerely, Dona L. Crawford Computation Associate Director Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory An Equal Opportunity Employer • University of California • P.O. Box 808 Livermore, California94550 • Telephone (925) 422-2449 • Fax (925) 423-1466 Delivering Insight The History of the Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI) Prepared by: Alex R.