Male Sterility in Soybean and Maize: Developmental Comparisons R
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Botany Publication and Papers Botany 4-1992 Male sterility in soybean and maize: developmental comparisons R. G. Palmer United States Department of Agriculture M. C. Albertsen Pioneer Hi-bred International H. T. Horner Iowa State University, [email protected] H. Skorupska Clemson University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/bot_pubs Part of the Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons, Botany Commons, and the Plant Breeding and Genetics Commons Recommended Citation Palmer, R. G.; Albertsen, M. C.; Horner, H. T.; and Skorupska, H., "Male sterility in soybean and maize: developmental comparisons" (1992). Botany Publication and Papers. 76. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/bot_pubs/76 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Botany at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Botany Publication and Papers by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Male sterility in soybean and maize: developmental comparisons Abstract Sexual reproduction in angiosperms is a complex process that includes a portion of the sporophytic (spore- producing) generation and all of the gametophytic (gamete-producing) generation. The ag metophytic generation includes the developmental stages from the end of meiosis to fertilization. For normal reproduction, coordination of both female and male reproductive ontogenies must occur. An abnormality anywhere in this process may lead to sterility. Disciplines Agronomy and Crop Sciences | Botany | Plant Breeding and Genetics Comments This article is published as Palmer, RG, MC Albertsen, HT Horner, and H Skorupska. 1992. Male sterility in soybean and maize: developmental comparisons. The Nucleus 35:1-18. 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This article is available at Iowa State University Digital Repository: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/bot_pubs/76 the nucleus vol 35(1) 1-18, 1992 MALE STERILITY IN SOYBEAN AND MAIZE DEVELOPMENTAL COMPARISONS ' 2 3 4 RG PALMER1, MC ALBERTSEN , HT HORNER , H SKORUPSKA 1Research Geneticist, United States Department ofAgriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Field Crops Research Unit, Professor, Departments of Agronomy and Zoology/Genetics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1020 USA; 2Geneticist, Biotechnology, Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Johnston, Iowa 50131 USA; 3Professor of Botany and Director of Bessey Microscopy Facility, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1010 USA,· 4Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Soils, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0359 USA Received on December 26, 1991 Sexual reproduction in angiosperms is a com ile, female-sterile mutations (33, 34, 51) or plex process that includes a portion of the male-sterile, female-fertile mutations (18, 32, sporophytic (spore-producing) generation and 44, 45, 48). all of the gametophytic (gamete-producing) generation. The gametophytic generation We have chosen to describe sterility systems includes the developmental stages from the in soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., and in end of meiosis to fertilization. For normal maize, Zea mays (L.). These two species arc reproduction, coordination of both female and representative of the Leguminosae and the male reproductive ontogenies must occur. An Gramineae. In addition, these two species arc abnormality anywhere in this process may important crop plants throughout the world. lead to sterility. Our objectives are: 1) to describe the genetics Classification of sterility into various catego and development of male-sterile, female-fertile ries has been reported by many investigators. mutations in soybean and in maize and 2) to Gottschalk and Kaul (32) and Johns et al. ( 46) compare and contrast developmental abnor divided male sterility into structural (func malities among soybean mutants and among tional) and nonstructural. Structural refers to maize mutants. absence of anthers or archesporial tissue, the lack of pollination resulting from indehiscence Soybean : Normal development of anthers of anthers, or spatial separation of male and and pollen female organs. Nonstructural includes all The reproductive biology of the soybean has abnormalities that interrupt microsporogenesis been summarized (12). A brief description is and microgametogenesis. On the basis of necessary to compare development in male inheritance patterns, nonstructural sterility may sterile plants. The keel petals of the flowers be classified as cytoplasmic or nuclear. Cyto appear first, followed by the wing petals and plasmic male sterility has been reviewed by then the standard petal. While the petal pri Duvick (23), Laser and Lcrsten (52), Hanson mordia are small, the stamens are initiated in and Conde (41) and Pring and Lonsdale (66). the upper whorl first, followed by a lower Nuclear male sterility may include male-ster- whorl of five stamens. Each stamen is differ- Joint contribulion of USDA ARS, Field Crops Research Unit and Journal paper no. J-12983 of The Iowa Agric. and Home Econ. Exp. Stn., Ames, Iowa SOOll - 1010 USA project 2985. 2 RG PALMER ET AL Table 11 Genetics of male- sterile, female ·fertile mutants in soybean (GT= Genetic type, Collection number) Mutant GT Source Literature msl (North Carolina) T260 Farmer's field in 1966 in North Carolina Brim, Young (9) msl (Tonica) T267 Field of Harosoy by F.M. Bur&ess in 1955 at Palmer et al. (59) Tonica, Illinois 1 msl (Urbana) T266 In an F3 row of L67-533 (Clark x Higan) x Boerma Cooper (8); P.-. SFR 300 in 1971 at Urbana, Illinois et al. (59) msl (Ames-1) T268 In T258 in 1970 at Ames, Iowa Palmer et al. (59) msl (Ames-2) T287 In S4,, progeny derived from AP6(Sl) Cl Skorupska, Palmer (75) population in 1984 by Ron Secrist at Ames, Iowa ms (Sbenong) In L-78-387 in China Yee, Jian (82) msl (Danbury) T290 In field of Beeson in Danbury, Iowa, outcross, Skorupska, Palmer (75) ~~ male parent unknown .~ ·+ ms2 T259 In F3 pf SLll (Wayne-r Rpm Rpsl x L66L-177 Graybosch et al. (35); ~;(J; [Wayne x (Hawkeye x Lee)] in 1971 at Graybosch, Palmer (36) ;;f~ Eldurado, Illinois ·., :~:',fr msJ (Washington) T273 In F3-plant progeny row of Calland x Cutler in Palmer et al. (60) ·W 1971 at Washington, Iowa msJ (Flanagan) T284 In field of Wabash in Flanagan, II~ outcross, Chaudhari, Davis (13); male parent unknown Grayboscb, Palmer (38) msJ (Plainview) T291 In F 2 generation, in cross (Viking x Classic II) Skorupska, Palmer (75) x (Mitchell x Columbus) by William Davis, in Plainview, Tx ms4 (Ames) T274 Semisterile plant found in Rampage in 1913 at Delannay, Palmer (22) Ames, Iowa ms4 (Fisher) T292 In field of Corsoy by William Davis, in Fisher, Skorupska, Palmer (75) Arkansas ms5 T277 Selected at Blacksburg, Virginia in 1976 in M3 Buss (11) generation of neutron-irradiated Esse" ms6 T295 In line A78-145014 (From A74-204034 X Skorupska, Palmer(74); C1520 in 1978 at Ames, Iowa Palmer, Skorupska (63) msp T271 In a 40-parent bulk population [AP6(Sl)Cl} in Stelly, Palmer (76,77) 1975 at Ames, Iowa entiated into an anther and a filament. The gium consists of the following cell types : filaments of nine stamens eventually coalesce, epidermis, endothecium, two or three parietal giving rise to a diadelphous condition. Four layers, a tapetum consisting of uninucleate locules (microsporangia) are differentiated per cells and several rows of sporogenous (male) anther. Preceding meiosis, each microsporan- cells. Connective parenchymatous cells, many MALE STERILITY 3 Table 2: Sourct!S of cytoplasms for cytoplasmic male - tapetal cells remain uninucleate throughout sterility in soybean • anther development Upon completion of meiosis, enlargement of the endothecium Adelphia Elf Magna commences. Chippewa Ford Prize Microgametogenesis is characterized by at Chippewa 64 Grant Provar least five stages. The four microspores in a quartet are arranged tetrahedrally within a Clark Haro50y Rampage callose sheath and are somewhat angular in Oassic I Harosoy 63 Shelby appearance. Pollen-wall formation is initiated at this time and upon callose dissolution, the Classic II Hobbit Traverse microspores become more spherical. The Columbus Kent Wayne microspores enlarge and contain many small vacuoles. At this early vacuolate microspore Cutler Lindarin Wirth stage, microspore wall formation continues Disoy Lindarin 63 Williams with the development of the individual layers : tectum, columellae and endexine. Three colpi • W.H. Davis (1985) Route to hybrid soybean are evident. The microspore cytoplasm is rich production, United States Patent 4,545,146. in starchless plastids and small vacuoles. At the late vacuolate microspore stage, vacuoles expand, the tapetum begins to degenerate and containing calcium oxalate crystals, hold the the endothecial layer expands. Endothecial Iocules together. A single vascular strand expansion results from the deposition of U traverses this latter tissue (10). shaped thickenings on the radial and inner tan gential walls. Microsporogenesis is characterized by the sporogenous and meiotic stages (fig 1). The primary sporogenous cells mature into two or Table 3: Sourct!S of rt!Storer genes for cytoplasmic male three rows of microspore mother cells sterility in soybean • (MMC). Numerous plasmodesmata connect the sporogenous cells to each other and to the surrounding tapetal cells. rl rl source Bedford Dyer Kirby The first meiotic division