DOCSLIB.ORG

The Chemical Composition of Traditional Eye Cosmetics in Syria ANDREW D

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Chemical Composition of Traditional Eye Cosmetics in Syria ANDREW D CONSUMER SAFETY Andrew D. Hardy The chemical composition of traditional eye cosmetics in Syria ANDREW D. HARDY1*, GAVYN ROLLINSON2, RAGINI VAISHNAV3 *Corresponding author 1. University of Exeter, Centre for Medical History, College of Humanities, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, Devon, United Kingdom 2. University of Exeter in Cornwall, Camborne School of Mines, College of Engineering Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Tremough Campus, Penryn, TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, United Kingdom 3. Sultan Qaboos University, College of Medicine, Box 35, Al-Khod, 123, Sultanate of Oman MATERIALS AND METHODS ABSTRACT: This study was undertaken in order to determine the chemical composition of potentially lead-toxic The main souk (Al Hamidiyeh, see Figure 1) in Damascus was traditional eye cosmetics (“kohls”) available in Syria visited several times and a total of 14 kohl samples purchased. (Damascus and Aleppo). A total of 18 kohl samples were A selection (4) of these samples are shown in Figure 2. A later, obtained: 14 in the main souk of Damascus and 4 in the old brief, visit to Aleppo’s old souk resulted in 3 such samples being souk of Aleppo. The techniques of X-ray powder diffraction purchased. Additionally, another kohl sample from Aleppo (XRPD) and low vacuum scanning electron microscopy souk (but purchased in c. 1976) was donated by a family (LVSEM) were used to analyse the samples. Overall, for the friend. These 18 samples are regarded as being representative 18 samples, it was found that 10 (56 percent) contained a of the kohl samples readily available in these two souks; lead compound (galena, PbS) as the main component; especially with regard to those made in Syria. Of the 18 with a further 5 samples having it present as a minor samples obtained overall, 13 were made in Syria and 8 were component. The other main components were found to be coloured (i.e. not black/grey-black/grey/silver-grey). The price one of the following: calcite (5) (CaCO3), sassolite (2) per kohl sample was usually between 0.5 and 1.5 US$, but (H3BO3) and goethite (1) (FeO(OH)). occasionally the price was higher and once as much as 6 US$. These 18 kohl samples were examined by the analytical techniques of x-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and low INTRODUCTION vacuum scanning electron microscopy (LVSEM) (with the latter technique having an energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) As part of our continuing study of traditional eye cosmetics microanalyser attached). The latter technique was used to (kohls) we have looked at the chemical composition of such cosmetics available in Syria; with especial reference to determining those containing a lead compound. For useful background information on traditional eye cosmetics in general, and on our previously studied ones in particular, the reader is referred to our previous publications on the kohls of Egypt (1-3), Oman (4), the United Arab Emirates (UAE) (5, 6), Qatar and Yemen (7), and, most recently, Morocco (8). Some recent relevant mentions of traditional eye cosmetics in the published literature are the chemical (elemental) analyses of samples purchased in Saudi Arabia (9) and Boston (Massachusetts, USA) (10), and a study of their usage in Delhi (India) (11). To our current knowledge this study is the first to chemically analyse modern-day traditional eye cosmetics available in Syria. Traditional eyeliner (i.e. kohl) is used for a variety of reasons: to make the eyes beautiful (e.g. to make the eyes appear larger); as an eye medicine for a variety of complaints (actual and as a preventive); as a daily tradition from both cultural and religious backgrounds; and as a preventive for children against the “evil eye”/”the evil one” (i.e. making the child not look attractive). Thus, presented here, as part of our ongoing study into the presence of lead in traditional eye cosmetics (kohls) and as part of an ongoing education on the toxicity - especially for young growing children - of using such materials, is a chemical Figure 1. The main souk (Al Hamidiyeh) of Damascus (Syria). composition study of the kohls available in Syria. 24 Household and Personal Care TODAY - n 4/2010 CONSUMER SAFETY give quantitative elemental analysis for atomic number of 6 blue samples the colourant was a minor component of lazurite (i.e. carbon) and above; whilst the former technique was used (of formula Na8.16(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)1.14S0.86) in one sample to identify crystalline compounds present and to give (semi- and, in the other sample, an unknown (and again, probably quantitatively) their percentages. organic and of small amount) colourant. Only 5 of the 18 samples purchased were made outside Syria, with all five being made in Saudi Arabia. Figure 3. Distribution of the main element of the major component in the Syrian kohl samples. DISCUSSION Toxicology of lead As has been stated before by us in our previous publications (1-8), lead compounds are toxic by ingestion, inhalation and by skin exposure. Children are more susceptible than adults to lead intoxication. Adults absorb 5-15 percent of ingested Figure 2. A selection (4) of the kohls purchased in Damascus. lead while children can absorb as much as 41 percent of ingested lead. The toxic effects of lead form a continuum from clinical or overt effects to more subtle ones (12). The RESULTS critical effects in infants and children involve the nervous system. Blood lead levels (BLLs) once thought to be safe have For the 14 samples purchased in the main souk of Damascus it been shown to be associated with intelligence quotient was found that 9 had galena as the main component, with a deficits, behavioural disorders, slowed growth and impaired further 4 having it present as a minor component. For the four hearing (13, 14). Values in children, of their BLLs, that are samples purchased in Aleppo souk these numbers were 1 and greater than 10 µg/dl are now considered abnormal (15), 1 respectively. Five of the 10 (lead-based) samples were matt and recently it has been shown that significant intellectual in texture, and 3 of the remaining 5 samples are described (by impairment occurs in young children who have blood lead us) as only “slightly shiny”, with the levels below 10 µg/dl (16, 17). These remaining 2 samples being described as findings are of immediate concern for “shiny”. The meaning/importance of the Kohl highlights the eyes; those young children living in areas texture of a galena-based sample is but it can also lead- where significant kohl usage has been mentioned in the later Toxicology (sub) poison the body found (e.g. Delhi, India (11)). Also, very section. The colours of these 10 galena- recently, the composition (with regard based samples varied between black to their lead content) and usage of (6), grey-black (1), red-brown (1), green (1) and dark blue (1). Indian-made eye-liners (“Kajal”) available in Boston (USA) has Additionally, five samples had calcite (CaCO3) as the major been studied (10). This study showed that whilst the eye-liners component; with sassolite (H3BO3) and goethite (FeO(OH)) contained small amounts of lead (mean value: 7.6 ppm, and being the major components for 2 and 1 samples respectively a range of 1 to 41 ppm per sample, over 16 such samples), it of the remaining 3 samples (see Figure 3 for the distribution of was suggested by the paper’s authors that chronic exposure the main element of the major component in all the kohl to such samples may cause elevated BLLs in young children. samples studied). In a previous publication (1) we discussed galena’s (lead A total of 8 samples were coloured (i.e. not black/grey-black/ sulfide, PbS) particle size with respect to the associated kohl grey/silver-grey), and the nature of the colourant varied. For powder being ‘shiny’ or ‘matt’ in texture and with respect to the 4 green/dark green samples the colourant was an its rate of dissolution in gastric fluid. It was found by us that at unknown (and probably organic) minor component (though a mean particle size for galena of about 10 µm the kohl for one sample it could be an unidentified minor component powder (with galena as the major phase) became totally chromium compound); for the 2 red-brown/red-grey samples matt in texture. It had previously been found (18) that the red colour was given by one or more iron-based reducing the particle size of galena leads to a significant compounds(s) - that is goethite in one sample and hematite increase in its rate of dissolution in gastric fluid. Thus a matt and goethite in the other sample; and for the two blue/dark galena-based powder would be much more easily dissolved 26 Household and Personal Care TODAY - n 4/2010 CONSUMER SAFETY in gastric fluid than a “slightly shiny”/“shiny” powder; with the powder - “Kuhl Asmad”) and would probably arise from using latter perhaps going straight through the body with minimum the other sample (as it is a galena-based matt powder - absorption and negligible toxicity. Five such samples in this “Madani Al Ethmad”). study are described as “matt” and all were purchased in the main souk of Damascus. Their colours vary from green (1), to red-brown (1), to black (3) and all except one were made in COMPARISON WITH OTHER STUDIES Syria. This one exception sample was made in Saudi Arabia (Medina), was the most expensive kohl purchased (at 6 US$), Of the 18 kohl samples studied here overall it was found that 15 and the shop-keeper described it as “hot” (i.e. it could also (83 percent) contain a lead compound (galena, PbS), either as a be used as an eye medicine).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Kohl's Launches Lauren Conrad Beauty, Bringing New Clean Beauty
    Kohl’s Launches Lauren Conrad Beauty, Bringing New Clean Beauty Offerings to Customers Nationwide ● Lauren Conrad Beauty launches in select Kohl’s stores and online at Kohls.com on October 9, 2020 ● The new skincare and cosmetics line features certified-clean, vegan and cruelty-free products designed to bring out every individual’s natural beauty ● The launch of Lauren Conrad Beauty at Kohl’s further demonstrates the company’s plans to actively grow its beauty business MENOMONEE FALLS, Wis., September 29, 2020 – Kohl’s (NYSE: KSS) and long-time partner, Lauren Conrad, ​ ​ announced today that Lauren Conrad Beauty, a new line of clean skincare and cosmetics, will be available in select Kohl’s stores and on Kohls.com beginning October 9, 2020. Inclusive of skincare, bath and body, color cosmetics, and accessories, Lauren Conrad Beauty offers quality, natural beauty products to millions of Kohl’s customers nationwide. “Beauty is something I’ve always had a passion for and this launch was especially exciting for me as it’s my first beauty collection, born from my desire for clean beauty products with recyclable packaging that make you look great and feel confident,” said Lauren Conrad. “After working with a team of experts to produce a clean, vegan, and ethically sourced line, I’m so proud to share that Lauren Conrad Beauty will now be offered at Kohl’s, to make this beauty line even more accessible and to empower more women to embrace their own beauty.” “We believe that beauty is a strategic area of growth for Kohl’s, and we see a tremendous opportunity ahead, as consumers are investing in clean ingredients and beautiful products that bring a seamless sense of joy and self-expression to their new routines,” said Doug Howe, Kohl’s chief merchandising officer.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Here
    This price-per-ounce guide to high-end eye products was compiled and provided by Temptalia.com. We took popular brands and products along with current pricing (as of Fall 2012) and quantity in ounces to come up with price-per-ounce (PPO). This makes it easier to compare pricing across brands. For example, if you expect to finish a product and/or re-purchase, PPO can be important. If you rarely finish any products and find yourself using a product only a few times before moving on, then the actual price (regardless of how much product you’re getting) will be more important. Product quantities were taken from our product reviews as well as retailer websites. All quantities were rounded to the nearest thousandth (e.g. a product that contains 0.00945 will show as 0.009 oz. but the PPO is calculated using the actual quantity). Many eyeliners range between 0.001 and 0.048, so we felt it important to show the distinction and round further out in this category. www.temptalia.com Brows Brand Formula Price Ounce PPO MAC Brow Set $ 16.00 0.280 $ 57.14 MAC Penultimate $ 18.50 0.030 $ 616.67 Chantecaille Brow Definer $ 22.00 0.050 $ 440.00 Giorgio Armani Defining Pencil $ 29.00 0.040 $ 725.00 Le Metier de Beaute Brow Bound $ 36.00 0.040 $ 900.00 Chanel Crayon Sourcils $ 29.00 0.030 $ 966.67 MAC Eye Brows $ 15.00 0.003 $ 5,000.00 Eyeliner - Gel Brand Formula Price Ounce PPO Sephora Waterproof Smoky Cream Liner $ 12.00 0.150 $ 80.00 Clinique Brush-On Cream Liner $ 15.00 0.170 $ 88.24 Stila Smudge Pots $ 20.00 0.140 $ 142.86 MAC Fluidline $ 15.00 0.100
    [Show full text]
  • All-Star Competition Make-Up *Each All-Star Team Has a Specific Lipstick Color This Year
    All-Star Competition Make-up *Each All-Star team has a specific lipstick color this year. As for all the other make-up, you must follow the color directions, but you may buy which ever brand you want. Tiny Team and Mini Teams Eye shadow- Smoky eye in PURPLE tones. SHIMMER looks best. You are looking for 3 shades. 1. White 2. Light Purple 3. Dark Purple You DO NOT need to get a compact of all 3; you can get separates. A Good opaque white is important. Examples: L’Oreal #270 Unforgettable Lilac, Maybelline Eye Studio #30 Purple Icon Blush- a berry color Examples: Cover Girl #185 True Plum Maybelline FitMe! in Deep Rose Eyeliner- BLACK ** You have a few choices. Either a black liquid, or a black automatic pencil with smugger- a regular pencil is not an option; there is a huge difference in the effect. See below for suggestions Rimmel- Exaggerate #261 Noir CoverGirl- Perfect Point Plus #200 Black Onyx Maybelline- Defining liner #201 Ebony Black L’Oreal- Infallible Never Fail #591 Black or #799 Liquid Pencil Maybelline- Eye Studio “Lasting Drama” eye gel (**Favorite!) Foundation- one shade darker than your skin Powder-Loose powder works better, but pressed will be fine Mascara- Black Highlighting Pencil- this is a white eyeliner pencil (Rimmel #071 Pure White, Wet n Wild White pencil) Bronzer- You may need this depending on your skin type (fair skin) Application tools- like sponges, Q-tips, etc. Lipstick- Wishing Stars: L’Oreal #251 Wisteria Rose Rising Stars: L’Oreal #251 Wisteria Rose Shooting Stars: L’Oreal #251 Wisteria Rose You can find this lipstick at most stores.
    [Show full text]
  • Leaded Eye Cosmetics: a Cultural Cause of Elevated Lead Levels in Children Ron V
    Leaded Eye Cosmetics: A Cultural Cause of Elevated Lead Levels in Children Ron V. Sprinkle, MD Davis, California Background. Preventing lead exposure is of paramount /xmol/L) for Pakistani/Indian children not using eye importance because lead is significantly toxic at subclini- cosmetics and 12.9 /xg/dL (0.62 /xrnol/L) (P=.03)for cal levels, and treating patients with elevated blood lead those using the products. Chemical evaluation of some levels is difficult. Children were evaluated for lead expo­ of the eye cosmetics used by these children revealed sure in California through a state-mandated lead screen­ high lead content. ing program that was begun in November 1991. Im­ ported eye cosmetics were identified as a suspected Conclusions. Use of eye cosmetics imported from Pa­ source of lead exposure for Pakistani and Indian chil­ kistan was found to be strongly correlated with ele­ dren who used these products. vated blood lead levels. Although importation of leaded eye cosmetics is prohibited by law, legislation Methods. A retrospective chart review of children at a has not been effective in protecting children from this county hospital clinic was undertaken for the period be­ source of lead exposure. Education regarding low- ginning October 1991 and ending February 1994. Lead level lead toxicity and avoidance of substances con­ exposure questionnaires were filled out at clinic visits, taining lead is needed, particularly for targeted sub­ and telephone interviews were conducted with parents populations. or guardians of children from ethnic groups who use eye cosmetics. Key words. Lead; environmental exposure; lead poison­ Results. Lead level results were available for 175 chil­ ing; surma, kohl; cosmetics(eye); child welfare.
    [Show full text]
  • Cosmetics in Roman Antiquity: Substance, Remedy, Poison Author(S): KELLY OLSON Source: the Classical World, Vol
    Cosmetics in Roman Antiquity: Substance, Remedy, Poison Author(s): KELLY OLSON Source: The Classical World, Vol. 102, No. 3 (SPRING 2009), pp. 291-310 Published by: The Johns Hopkins University Press on behalf of the Classical Association of the Atlantic States Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40599851 Accessed: 28-06-2016 17:54 UTC REFERENCES Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40599851?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Classical Association of the Atlantic States are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Classical World This content downloaded from 141.211.4.224 on Tue, 28 Jun 2016 17:54:40 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Cosmetics in Roman Antiquity: Substance, Remedy, Poison ABSTRACT: Mention of ancient makeup, allusions to its associations, and its connection to female beauty are scattered throughout Latin literature. It may seem a minor, even unimportant concern, but nonetheless one from which we may recover aspects of women s historical experience and knowledge of women as cultural actors.
    [Show full text]
  • 6 Ways to Get the Perfect Eyeliner Look for Your Eye Shape in 1 Handy Chart February 10, 2016
    6 Ways to Get the Perfect Eyeliner Look for Your Eye Shape in 1 Handy Chart February 10, 2016 When it comes to eyeliner, there isn’t a shape that is going to make you look bad, but certain tricks accentuate them and can even bring symmetry to asymmetrical eyes. Rita Ora’s makeup artist Kathy Jeung created six looks for six different eye shapes which you can enjoy below in one handy chart! Asymmetrical Eyes: If one is slightly larger than the other, you’ll want to use a liner technique that will help you correct and equal out both your eyes. Jeung suggests using a black kohl liner, like Rimmel London ScandalEyes Waterproof Kohl Kajal Eye Liner in "Black," along the lashline, from the inner corner to the outer corner, increasing the width at the outer corner on the slightly uneven eye only to make it appear wider and even. Close-Set Eyes: The key to this eye shape is creating the illusion that your eyes are wider apart than they are. First, use concealer on the inner corners to lighten and open up the eye area. Try NudeStix Concealer Pencil. Then, on the outer third part of your eye, create a "V" shape using a black liner, and then trace the shape with a jumbo liquid liner to make a thick wing, such as Rimmel London ScandalEyes Jumbo Liquid Eye Liner in "Black." 1 Monolids: Extend the product up the upper lid so the fold on the lower lid doesn’t hide your liner. Jeung recommends using a waterproof black pencil, like Urban Decay 24/7 Glide-On Eye Pencil, along the lashline from inner to outer corner and stopping where the eye ends.
    [Show full text]
  • Toxic Elements in Traditional Kohl-Based Eye Cosmetics in Spanish and German Markets
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article Toxic Elements in Traditional Kohl-Based Eye Cosmetics in Spanish and German Markets Elisabet Navarro-Tapia 1,2,3,† , Mariona Serra-Delgado 3,4,†, Lucía Fernández-López 5, Montserrat Meseguer-Gilabert 5, María Falcón 5, Giorgia Sebastiani 1,6, Sebastian Sailer 1,6, Oscar Garcia-Algar 1,3,6,‡ and Vicente Andreu-Fernández 1,2,*,‡ 1 Grup de Recerca Infancia i Entorn (GRIE), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; [email protected] (E.N.-T.); [email protected] (G.S.); [email protected] (S.S.); [email protected] (O.G.-A.) 2 Department of Health, Valencian International University (VIU), 46002 Valencia, Spain 3 Maternal & Child Health and Development Research Network-Red SAMID Health Research, Programa RETICS, Health Research Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] 4 Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain 5 Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias, Medicina Legal y Forense, Universidad de Murcia, 30003 Murcia, Spain; [email protected] (L.F.-L.); [email protected] (M.M.-G.); [email protected] (M.F.) 6 Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, ICGON, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (BCNatal), 08036 Barcelona, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected] † These authors share co-first authorship. ‡ These authors share last authorship. Citation: Navarro-Tapia, E.; Serra-Delgado, M.; Fernández-López, Abstract: Kohl is a traditional cosmetic widely used in Asia and Africa. In recent years, demand L.; Meseguer-Gilabert, M.; Falcón, M.; for kohl-based eyelids and lipsticks has increased in Europe, linked to migratory phenomena of Sebastiani, G.; Sailer, S.; Garcia-Algar, populations from these continents.
    [Show full text]
  • The Chemical Composition of Traditional Eye Cosmetics in Sudan ANDREW D
    Peer-reviewed article CONSUMER SAFETY & ANALYTICAL METHODS Andrew D. Hardy The chemical composition of traditional eye cosmetics in Sudan ANDREW D. HARDY1*, PETER BARSS2, GAVYN ROLLINSON3, RAGINI VAISHNAV4 *Corresponding author 1. University of Exeter, Centre for Medical History, College of Humanities. Exeter, EX4 4RJ, Devon, United Kingdom 2. United Arab Emirates University, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates 3. University of Exeter in Cornwall, Camborne School of Mines, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences Tremough Campus, Penryn, TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, United Kingdom 4. Sultan Qaboos University, College of Medicine, Box 35, Al-Khod 123, Sultanate of Oman child not look attractive). Specifically in Sudan, adult females ABSTRACT: This study was undertaken in order to use kohl to outline the upper and lower lids of their eyes, a determine the chemical composition of traditional eye bridegroom may have kohl applied to his eyes for the cosmetics (“kohls”) available in Sudan. A total of 21 kohl wedding ceremony and the same is often done to tiny/new- samples were purchased in local markets (“souks”). The born babies in the early weeks of life. Also, (black) kohl is used techniques of X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and low for staining tattoos and facial scars black. vacuum scanning electron microscopy (LVSEM) were To our current knowledge this study is the first to chemically used to analyse the samples. Overall, for the 21 samples, analyse modern-day traditional eye cosmetics available in Sudan. it was found that 7 (33 percent) contained a lead compound (galena, PbS) as the main component; with a further 1 sample having it present as a minor MATERIALS AND METHODS component.
    [Show full text]
  • Kajal/Surma/Kohl Lead Poisoning Faq
    KAJAL/SURMA/KOHL LEAD POISONING FAQ: 1. What is lead? Lead is a metal found in the earth that can make people sick. Lead can be found in products including makeup like kajal/surma/kohl purchased outside the USA. When people use items that contain lead, they can get it on their bodies and in their blood, which can make them sick. 2. What is lead poisoning? Lead poisoning is caused when someone swallows lead, breathes it in, or has it enter the body through their skin. Lead poisoning is not always easy to recognize. Signs of lead poisoning can include: headaches, stomach pain, vomiting, weakness, paleness, weight loss, learning difficulty, slowed speech development, and memory loss. Even small amounts of lead can harm unborn babies, infants, and children by causing weight loss, behavioral and learning problems, or even death. Lead can increase the risk of miscarriages, stillbirths and early deliveries in pregnant women. Lead can also decrease a man’s ability to make a woman pregnant. Sources of lead poisoning include lead-based paint, lead-contaminated dust from paint or soil, imported or hand-made pottery with leaded glaze, some imported candies or foods, especially from Mexico, containing chili or tamarind, and imported cosmetics such as kajal/surma/kohl. Lead poisoning is treatable. It is important to call your doctor if you think you or a loved one may have lead poisoning. 3. How would my child get lead poisoning from kajal/surma/kohl? Kajal/surma/kohl purchased outside the USA may contain lead. When you put it on your child’s eyes, face, and/or feet, lead enters the body through the skin and eyes and makes her or him sick.
    [Show full text]
  • Lead in Spices, Herbal Remedies, Ceremonial Powders, and Cosmetics
    Lead in Spices, Herbal Remedies, Ceremonial Powders, and Cosmetics Some spices, herbal remedies, ceremonial powders, and cosmetics may contain lead, especially those imported from India, Asia, Mexico, and the Middle East. • Spices: Anise Seeds, Asafoetida, Chili powder/ whole chilies, Cinnamon, Cloves, Coriander, Cumin, Curry, Dagar Phool (stone flower), Garam Masala, Ginger, Hungarian Paprika, Kabsa Mix, Seven Spices Mix, and Turmeric • Herbal teas and remedies: Ash Powder, Azarcon, Balguti Kesaria, Bali Gali, Ghasard, Greta, Kandu, Mojhat ceremonial drink, and Pay-loo-ah • Ceremonial Powders: Kum kum, Incense, Pooja powder, Rangoli, and Vibuti (ash powder) • Cosmetics: Kohl, Kajal, Kum Kum, Sindoor, and Surma Lead poisoning can cause decreased IQ, attention-related deficits, hearing impairment, kidney disease, and delayed growth and development in children Spices Chili Peppers Turmeric Masala Ceremonial Powders and Cosmetics Rangoli Kum kum Sindoor Prevent Lead Poisoning • Buy spices locally rather than online or overseas. Domestic products have stricter safety standards and are more likely to have been screened for heavy metals. • Do not use products that family or friends send to you from another country. • Keep ceremonial powders and other cosmetics out of children’s reach. • Check labels of products for a state or federal agency safety label. • Take your children to the doctor’s office or local health department to have them tested for lead. NC Division of Public Health Additional Resources are available online at: 5505 Six Forks Rd Raleigh, NC 27609 http://ehs.ncpublichealth.com/hhccehb/ Phone: 919 707 5950 cehu/lead/resources.htm We would like to thank the Public Health Education students at UNC-Greensboro for providing these photographs.
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 Csr Report 2019 Csr Report
    2019 CSR REPORT 2019 CSR REPORT Contents 3 4 6 9 13 21 30 48 57 Welcome Corporate Values, Workplace Diversity Philanthropy Environmental Social Safety, Social Ethics, and and Inclusion Sustainability Supply Chain Security, and Responsibility Governance Management Preparedness at Kohl’s 2 2019 CSR REPORT Welcome Dear Stakeholders, As we publish this 2019 report, we as a global We put the families we serve at the center of Being a responsible corporate citizen is inherent community, are battling the COVID-19 pandemic. everything we do. We strive to make a difference in our values and the work that we do to serve Never in our lifetime has the world faced such in the communities we share through charitable our customers, our neighbors, and our an uncertain and unprecedented time. We are giving and volunteer efforts. And I am proud of communities. I’m proud to share this report, reminded of how interconnected we all are and the work we accomplished in 2019 to bring on two which highlights the accomplishments and how important it is for each of us to play a role in national nonprofit partners, Alliance for a Healthier achievements of 2019. In 2020, as we all face protecting and serving the greater good. It is with Generation and Boys & Girls Clubs of America. extraordinary new challenges, we look forward this perspective and deeper appreciation of our Together, we will work to enhance children’s to doing our part in supporting our associates, shared responsibility to each other that we reflect physical, mental, and emotional well-being, and our customers, and the communities we serve back on our efforts from last year and renew our improve families’ health and wellness nationwide.
    [Show full text]
  • Tasks Completed
    horizon ISSUE 13 Summer 2013 The Amarna Project and Amarna Trust newsletter Tasks completed Despite political uncertainties, the expedition’s work has gone on without interruption. Our main news this time is of two completions. In April the excavation of the South Tombs Cemetery, that began in 2006, came to a successful end. Whilst following a careful plan to gain even coverage across the site, the target of 400 Amarna Period individuals, set by the anthropologists, was reached. Much study and writing have already been done, and the aim now is to complete in the coming two years a major report on the cemetery and what it tells us about the people of Amarna. A selection of recently found objects is presented here, on pages 2 and 3. The first stage of repair at the Great Aten Temple, started in spring 2012, has also been finished, namely, the laying out in new stone of the small palace inside the outer mud-brick pylon. For photographs, see pages 8 and 9. Once more it remains for me to thank all our supporters, whose donations and encouragement enable the project to function. Barry Kemp, Chairman In 1994 a replica of one of the original giant sandstone columns was erected in the Small Aten Temple. In the spring of 2013 the sculptor responsible, Simon Bradley, returned to carry out an inspection and maintenance. The first step was to surround the column with scaffolding. On page 12 you will find illustrations of the final stage. contents From life to the afterlife 2 Fund raising, Grants and Tours 7 Human hair from the South Tombs Cemetery 4 Amarna in Berlin and New publications 8 The fight against encroachments at Amarna 4 The House of the Aten 8 The Amarna Digital Atlas 6 Amarna’s third building material 10 The Amarna Trust 11 horizon page 2 From life to the afterlife: burial goods at the South Tombs Cemetery Anna Stevens Excavations at the South Tombs Cemetery Only rarely can we identify objects that look as though they have yielded a small but important were purpose-made as burial goods.
    [Show full text]