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Resource Utilization in and Around Komodo National Park

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Resource Utilization in and Around Komodo National Park Resource Utilization In and Around Komodo National Park Prepared by Abu Bakar, Awareness Officer YPAN Komodo Field Office 1996 (re-edited in July 1999 by Peter J. Mous) Komodo Field Office Kampung Ujung, Labuan Bajo Flores Barat, Indonesia tel. +62-(0)385-41214 fax. +62-(0)385-41225 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 5 2 Communities in Komodo National Park...................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Population........................................................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Religion .............................................................................................................................................. 6 2.3 Education ........................................................................................................................................... 6 2.4 Ethnic groups...................................................................................................................................... 7 2.5 Social facilities .................................................................................................................................... 7 2.6 Livelihood ........................................................................................................................................... 7 3 Communities around Komodo National Park............................................................................................ 10 3.1 Kampung Papagarang ...................................................................................................................... 10 3.1.1 Population .................................................................................................................................. 10 3.1.2 Education ................................................................................................................................... 10 3.1.3 Religion ...................................................................................................................................... 11 3.1.4 Livelihood................................................................................................................................... 11 3.2 Desa Pasir Putih ............................................................................................................................... 12 3.2.1 Population .................................................................................................................................. 12 3.2.2 Religion ...................................................................................................................................... 12 3.2.3 Education ................................................................................................................................... 12 3.2.4 Livelihood................................................................................................................................... 12 3.3 Labuan Bajo ..................................................................................................................................... 14 3.3.1 Population .................................................................................................................................. 14 3.3.2 Education ................................................................................................................................... 14 3.3.3 Livelihood................................................................................................................................... 14 3.4 Desa Warloka ................................................................................................................................... 16 3.5 Desa Golomori.................................................................................................................................. 16 4 Settlements in the Sape District............................................................................................................... 17 4.1 Desa Bajo Pulau ............................................................................................................................... 18 4.1.1 Population, religion and education .............................................................................................. 18 4.1.2 Livelihoods ................................................................................................................................. 19 4.2 Desa Bugis ....................................................................................................................................... 20 4.3 Desa Soro......................................................................................................................................... 21 5 Analysis .................................................................................................................................................. 22 5.1 Population......................................................................................................................................... 22 5.2 Sociocultural background .................................................................................................................. 23 5.3 Institutional sector............................................................................................................................. 23 5.4 Commerce........................................................................................................................................ 24 2 5.5 Lack of knowledge and skills ............................................................................................................. 24 5.6 Capital accumulation......................................................................................................................... 24 5.7 Non-existence of financial institutions at village level ......................................................................... 24 5.8 Fluctuating income............................................................................................................................ 25 5.9 Territorial issues ............................................................................................................................... 25 5.10 Fishing grounds .............................................................................................................................. 25 5.11 Mariculture activities........................................................................................................................ 27 5.12 Community awareness about Komodo National Park ...................................................................... 28 6 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................................ 28 7 Recommendations .................................................................................................................................. 29 3 PREFACE The prevalent opinion today in regard to efforts to enhance national development is to increase community participation in various forms, for instance encouraging community-based initiatives to be carried out by and for the people. The people can no longer be considered an object accepting everything they are being presented with, but need to be given a position as decision maker in all policies to be enforced. The initial step in this context of community development is the approach of communities in order to gain an understanding of local customs and sociocultural, socioeconomic and environmental conditions, which in this case was achieved through informal discussion with community leaders, local authorities and existing organizations. This report is a compilation of information collected during surveys conducted by the field staff of The Nature Conservancy in all villages located in Komodo National Park and its surrounding buffer zone. The basic information and data presented here were gathered through direct observation and discussions with community leaders, local authorities and existing youth organizations. It is the aim of this report to provide initial information to those wishing to gain a more detailed knowledge of the population of Komodo National Park and its surroundings, or as reference for the development of a management program for Komodo National Park. The content of this presentation is still far from complete, therefore any comments and/or suggestions from readers would be very much appreciated for the sake of accuracy and comprehensiveness. Abu Bakar P. The Nature Conservancy 4 1. INTRODUCTION Komodo National Park was established in 1980. The park covers a total area of 171.400 ha, with 58,900 ha of land, consisting of Komodo Island (33,937 ha), Padar Island (2,017 ha), Rinca Island (19,625 ha) and a few other small islands, and 112,500 ha of marine waters. The sole habitat of the komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis), Komodo National Park has great significance as a conservation area, not only on a national level but also on an international level, and has been designated a World Heritage Site in 1992. Apart from its terrestrial
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