Dawn of a New World

[ABCDE]

Volume 6, IssuE 7 Part 1 of 2 Dawn of a New World

BY BILL O’LEARY — THE WASHINGTON POST

The sun rises behind Jamestown island with the original settlement and fort site in the foreground.

An Integrated Curriculum For The Washington Post Newspaper In Education Program

A Word About Jamestown at 400, Part I Lesson: The commemoration of When they set sail on Dec. 20, 1606, the men faced the 400th anniversary of the first permanent English settlement in howling winds for six weeks before they could cross the America provides lessons in survival Atlantic. After reprovisioning in the West Indies, they faced and death, cooperation and conflict, a tempest. Sighting land on April 26, 1607, and entering government and independent the Chesapeake Bay brought the passengers and crew of the spirits. Susan Constant, the Godspeed and the Discovery to “fair meadows and goodly tall trees.” Level: Low to high This is the first of a two-part guide focusing on Jamestown Subjects: History, Civics, and its 400th Anniversary commemoration. You are provided Government, Geography Washington Post articles, cartoon, maps, timeline and graphics to study Jamestown then and now. Related Activity: Journalism, Language Spain had conquered Mexico by 1521, Peru by 1534. Lima Arts, Linguistics had universities and printing presses. The French were trading in Canada and the Portuguese had settled in Brazil. The first permanent British settlement would begin with 104 men and boys in 1607. Many would die of disease and starvation. Their numbers replenished once or twice a year with more hopeful men — and women. By 1618 the Virginia Co. of London created a general assembly — representative government and democratic capitalism took root. The activities in this and the second portion of the Jamestown guide meet history, civics, government, geography, journalism and English Language Arts academic standards.

NIE Online Guide Editor — Carol Lange Art Editor — Bill Webster

Send comments about this guide to: Margaret Kaplow, Educational Services Manager, [email protected]

An Integrated Curriculum For The Washington Post Newspaper In Education Program

Jamestown at 400 On the Web

Read KidsPost • Why is Susan Harris introduced Jamestown 1607 “Pocahontas’s Trail: England in the article? www.jamestown1607.org Honors a Native American • This article blends past and Approach the history of Jamestown through Princess,” gives an overview of present events. What is the news the stories of the people involved. Students the life of the Algonquian princess peg for the present? are given a “what if” scenario and a brief and her burial in England. You • What comparison is made to bio of the individual; visitors may post might ask students the following help readers visualize the size comments about the person and actions. questions: of the Susan Constant? This Links to Jamestown events, travel and • By what names was Pocahontas comparison not only serves resources. known? to illustrate size, it makes one • How did she help the English realize the limited space available America in 1607: Jamestown and the settlers? for 54 passengers and 17 crew. Powhatan • Which Englishman did she • How did passengers pass the time http://magma.nationalgeographic.com/ marry? during the voyage? ngm/jamestown/ • How long did she and her family • What metaphor is used for National Geographic interactive Web site: live in England? the Godspeed? What does this 3-D animation, more images, videos with • How old was she when she died? communicate to modern readers? experts and links. Excellent introduction • Why is Pocahontas buried in • In what ways is the Godspeed and beginning point for more research. England? like the original? How does it Play the Jamestown Game with younger differ? students. Study the Ships • What do the interviews at the “Voyage to America: The Ships end of the article add to the Historic Jamestowne and Life at Sea” graphically story? www.historicjamestowne.org/ presents life aboard the three ships. • How do the interviews at the end The Association for the Preservation of The Godspeed is featured for the unite the opening and conclusion Virginia Antiquities and the National Park purpose of illustration. of the article? Service provide news, information about • Use the chart to practice the dig, biographies and history. Education percentages. What percent of the Read an Editorial Cartoon section includes lesson plans, interactive crew was on the Godspeed? What Give students copies of “400th exercises and Teacher’s Corner. percent of the colonists were on Anniversary” by Post editorial the Godspeed? cartoonist Tom Toles. Ask students Historic Jamestowne • Which was the smallest of the to list details from the image www.nps.gov/jame three ships? that standout. The title and sign National Park Service schedule of events, • Using the map provided as a indicate that this is commemorating directions and highlights of a visit. guide, students could plot the a significant event in Virginia and course of the ships on a larger U.S. history. What do the ship and The English Establish a Foothold at map. State the longitude and home with a fireplace communicate Jamestown, 1606-1610 latitude. Why did the ships stop to a reader? http://memory.loc.gov/learn/features/ at particular locations? Discuss irony and satire. timeline/colonial/jamestwn/jamestwn. • What can they discern about life On which contemporary issue html on board for the captain, crew, is Toles commenting? What Documents for a study of life and times; and passengers? is his position? What are the include “Building Jamestown and Conflicts • What does the cargo listing reveal paradox and irony found in the Among the Colony’s Leaders,” “The about activities on board and word “celebrating”? In the lower Jamestown Colonists Compare Their Efforts those planned after landing? right, Toles includes himself in with the Spanish,” and “The ‘Starving Read “Setting Sail for the Past.” the cartoon. What does his alter Time,’ Winter of 1609-1610.” Could be Some of the questions that may augmented with “Narratives of Washington be asked include: and the Chesapeake Bay Region ca. 1600- continued on page 1925.”

An Integrated Curriculum For The Washington Post Newspaper In Education Program continued from page questions that might be asked On the Web (continued) include: ego’s comment add to the editorial • What role does Ken Custalow Fort Discovery statement? serve in the article? (Anecdote, http://www.jamestown2007.org/kids.cfm For additional information on illustration of preservation of Begin with “What is a Commemoration?” the editorial cartoon, download a language of his heritage, and and move through events, culture and Mightier Than the Sword, a NIE unifying device of the reporter suggested reading. Play online games. guide to editorial cartooning (www. to tie opening and conclusion washpost.com/nie. Select lesson together.) plans, Feb. 2003). In an interview, • Was Algonquian the only Kids Commonwealth Tom Toles discusses his career language spoken in Virginia http://www.kidscommonwealth.virginia. choice and one of his cartoons. before colonization? gov “How to Draw a Cartoon” is based • What do the surviving words “Virginia History” includes Jamestown/ on Pulitzer Prize-winning cartoonist reveal about life in Virginia before Yorktown Settlement, Colonial Life in Herblock’s book and guidelines. the English settlers’ arrival? Virginia and History of Jamestown. “The Mechanics of Editorial • What reason does Professor Cartooning” illustrates some of the Rountree give for the demise of Historic St. Mary’s City techniques to use. “Herblock’s Point Virginia Algonquian? www.stmaryscity.org of View” and Toles’ comments on • Interviews with members of Explore history of the fourth permanent his “Harold and the Purple Line” the tribes are one source of settlement in British North America, focus on the cartoonists’ role of vocabulary. What example of this Maryland’s first capital and the birthplace of commentator on contemporary is given in the article? issues. • What process did linguist Blair religious toleration. Rudes use to translate a dialogue? Draw a Cartoon • What does “Chesapeake” mean Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation Students may be asked to draw according to Rudes? What are http://www.historyisfun.org/ an editorial cartoon that comments other examples of Algonquian Covers the following topics: America’s on a contemporary issue or concern words in common use today? anniversary weekend, Powhatan village, film that they have. Teachers may add • What value is there in and galleries, world of 1607, Jamestown to the challenge by asking that the reconstructing a language? settlement ships, James Fort, riverfront cartoon relate to the Jamestown discovery area, Jamestown chronology, and observance (past or present events See What Archaeologists Find A history of Jamestown. Educator guides and attitudes). What do students know about available from the Web site cover Cultures at tobacco’s history in the colonies? Look at Language What was its economic impact? Jamestown, Jamestown Settlement Resource Read “A Dead Indian Language Is Focus on the business side and the Packet, Life at Jamestown, Living With the Brought Back to Life.” This article modern health concern. Indians, Tobacco and Labor, and Voyage to and accompanying map (page 6) Teachers may wish to focus Virginia. provide an interesting study of instead on the importance of language — how it dies and how it archaeology in understanding Virtual Jamestown might be brought back to life. the past. Ask students to relate http://www.virtualjamestown.org/ Study “Native Tongue.” What examples of archaeologists’ work The Virtual Jamestown Archive is a digital influences might have determined adding to our understanding of research, teaching and learning project that the spread of the Virginia history and another culture. They explores the legacies of the Jamestown Algonquian language? (Note the may relate examples from Greece, settlement and “the Virginia experiment.” location of the Fall Line and rivers, Italy and Egypt. What examples are a major means of transportation found closer to home? As a work in progress, Virtual Jamestown and contact with others.) aims to shape the national dialogue on The article shows what happens the occasion of the 400-year anniversary when research, linguistics and observance in 2007 of the founding of the Hollywood meet. Some of the continued on page Jamestown colony.

An Integrated Curriculum For The Washington Post Newspaper In Education Program continued from page who are part of the Jamestown Previous NIE Guides story would provide a fascinating Read “Seed of Vice and Empire Is study of personalities, motives and Additional lessons, activities and resources Found at Jamestown.” What is the intersection of lives. for study of the settlement of Jamestown significance of the discovery of 400- Indentured servants year-old tobacco seeds? Where were James I and the Chesapeake Bay can be found in the seeds found? What does the Lord De La Ware four previous Post Newspaper In Education discovery of these and other seeds Christopher Newport guides (www.washpost.com/nie). suggest about the food and survival George Percy of the first colonists? Pocahontas Colonial Chores (January 14, 2003) Explain the importance of John Powhatan Rolfe, a tobacco grower, in the John Rolfe Colonial livelihood is explored through the developing economy of the first John Smith chores and activities of children. English settlement. The importance of the tobacco seed might also be Take a Trip Our First Families (September 23, 2003) related through the Spanish attempt Read “Along the James.” The The era of the Algonquian-speaking people to control the market. Washington Post Travel section If students know little of the role details a three-day itinerary who settled on the Potomac and Anacostia of tobacco in developing a stable for visiting sites related to the rivers before 1400 is studied through a Virginia and/or U.S. economy, Jamestown colony and James River Q and A, watercolors and engravings of groups might be asked to research plantations. the late 1500s and the work of Post artist tobacco during different time DAY ONE: In Richmond, Va., visit periods —1607 to 1776, 1777 Agecroft Hall and Virginia House. Patterson Clark. A timeline, map of the area to 1865, 1866 to 1930, 1930 to Check out Henricus Historical Park, in 1600, and “Mamonotowick, Weroances present. a living-history museum depicting and the People” can be used for cross- a second English settlement started disciplinary activities. First of nine once- Who Is John Smith? by the colonists who established A figure of cartoons, movies, Jamestown, and a re-creation of a a-month guides that feature an illustrated history books and his own journals Powhatan Indian village. segment of the history of the Washington and accounts, John Smith makes an DAY TWO: On the south side of area. interesting study. What is myth and the James River, stop at Smith’s what is reality? How do historians Fort and Chippokes Plantation. At Hogs Wild (October 21, 2003) and biographers place him in Chippokes Plantation State Park, historic context and use available visitors may tour the Chippokes European exploration and settlement along records of the time period to define Farm & Forestry Museum to the Potomac River, second in the series. him? observe the cultivation of peanuts Students learn about the first printing Teachers whose students explore and other crops on grounds that presses and newspapers in the colonies in history through primary and have been continuously farmed secondary sources would find Smith for 400 years. The adventurous “The First Draft of History.” Government a worthy subject. “Reading and can take a canoe trip on the James under British rule and colonial legal systems Rewriting History,” from Teaching River and the Lower Chippokes is introduced in “Law and Order: British for Meaning provides an interesting Creek to examine how the Native Rules and Colonial Acts.” discussion of using sources for Americans in the Powhatan empire historical fact for teachers. The lived. “John Smith” sidebar’s resources are Continue to Flowerdew Hundred, The Chesapeake Bay (April 2007) a good starting point for students. Bacon’s Castle and Historic St. Explore the Chesapeake Bay — the estuary; As a variation, a research project Luke’s Church. Cross the James source of livelihood and recreation; and in which students use primary pollution, policies and goals to restore it. and secondary sources, books and Web sites to learn more about the Visit its trails and write about an experience following and other individuals continued on page in a natural environment.

An Integrated Curriculum For The Washington Post Newspaper In Education Program continued from page com/roadtrip) for a trip focused on John Smith Jamestown. River on the Jamestown-Scotland Captain John Smith Ferry (free). Other Resources www.history.org/foundation/journal/ DAY THREE: After visiting Historic In addition to the lesson smith.cfm Jamestowne and Jamestown suggestions in this first of a two- Article from The Journal of the Colonial Settlement, head north on Route 614 part Jamestown guide, review the Williamsburg Foundation to Route 5 to visit plantations on material found in past Post NIE the north shore of the James River. guides. See “Previous NIE Guides” Captain John Smith Chesapeake National The plantations include Berkeley, for a listing. They provide insight into Historic Trail Evelynton, Shirley and Sherwood the Algonquian-speaking people who www.nps.gov/nero/josm/ Forest. resided in the area, the livelihood of National Park Service site for the first If an actual trip (by families or as the colonial era and a child’s life, and national water trail established Dec. 19, a class) to the sites cannot be made, the Chesapeake Bay. 2006; establishment, maps and feasibility visit Web sites to take a virtual “Schools Celebrate Jamestown’s study and environmental assessment tour. “A 17th-Century Feast for the Founding” lists many of the activities documents. Senses,” a Post Road Trip can be taking place in classrooms to study downloaded (www.washingtonpost. the founding of Jamestown. Captain John Smith Chesapeake National Historic Water Trail www.conservationfund.org/midatlantic/ maryland/john_smith_nht Use the trail to learn about Native American history, early English settlement, Bay resources and as a case study of current economic opportunities through heritage tourism.

Jamestown Rediscovery www.apva.org/jr.html Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquites’ site focuses on the archaeological project. View John Smith’s story and timeline in the “History” section.

Captain John Smith Four Hundred Project www.johnsmith400.org/ Much can be learned as students follow the reenactment of Smith’s 1608 Chesapeake Voyage.

Captain John Smith, The Generall Historie of Virginia, New England & the Summer Isles (1624) www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/bdorsey1/ 41docs/10-smi.html Read Smith’s account

The Journals of Captain John Smith John Smith and historian John Thompson, National Geographic, 2007

An Integrated Curriculum For The Washington Post Newspaper In Education Program Schools Celebrate Jamestown’s Founding

In Virginia, Jamestown is not just another colonial episode or the backdrop of a Disney movie. It’s at the core of the state’s origins and is studied in grades 4, 6 and 11. Maryland’s curriculum places Jamestown in fifth grade along with the earlier, failed English colony of Roanoke and the 16th-century Spanish settlement of St. Augustine in Florida. D.C. public schools teach fourth-graders about Jamestown’s Capt. John Smith as they cover the founders of Massachusetts, Maryland and other colonies. Other states include Jamestown in a study of the colonial era. The Washington Post staff covered BY BILL O’LEARY — THE WASHINGTON POST or compiled many of the ways area schools were commemorating the 400th A statue of Capt. John Smith gazes toward the James River at Jamestown. anniversary of Jamestown’s founding. Below are some of the approaches that between Smith and the area’s tribal • Display Jamestown and other may be used by teachers in 2007 and in chief, Powhatan. The work of these anniversary projects (2007 is the 250th the years to come. fourth graders is expected to tie into a anniversary of the founding of Loudoun • Consider Jamestown through the Smithsonian Folklife Festival display on County) in a school-wide social science fair. eyes of Native Americans, English Jamestown’s anniversary. • Compare and contrast artifacts settlers, indentured servants and slaves • TV production students research from 1600 and now: quill pens and brought from Africa. Host a symposium, and produce their own Life in inkwells to computers and mechanical role play or write stories to present Jamestown video or work with a fourth pencils; daily clothing worn by children different points of view. grade class. The younger students do then and now; uniforms worn by • Visit Jamestown and talk with the research and play the roles while soldiers. reenactors. the TV production students tape them • Stage the play “Disappearance at • Create Jamestown podcasts. and produce the final product. Jamestown.” These may include interviews, reports, • Get involved with the Jamestown- • Center art projects on scenes from poems, skits and songs — including Yorktown Foundation school visit Jamestown, then and now. colonial-style music students have program. The foundation’s teachers visit • Make Jamestown or Virginia composed. For an example visit http:// schools with structured lesson plans trivia questions part of the daily web.mac.com/jamestownelementary/ that feature reproductions of artifacts announcements in May. iWeb/Jamestown2007/Podcast/ from the 17th and 18th centuries; the • Participate in a Memorial Day Podcast.htm.Jamestown Elementary instructors also conduct workshops for parade as Jamestown settlers, Native students produced two dozen podcasts elementary school teachers. Americans and others who are part of for which students researched such • Use reproductions of documents the Jamestown story. topics as sickness and starvation that — indentured servant agreements, • Prepare a program for students and they presented through the voices charters between King James and the parents that includes music, poetry, of an Indian girl and a colonial wife. Virginia Company, journals and maps readings from journals and dance. Interviews took place with Pocahontas — to interpret and analyze primary The program could be a combination and King James I and a conversation documents. of 1600s work and work created by on trade and farming took place students.

May 8, 2007 © 2007 THE WASHINGTON POST COMPANY England Honors a Native American Princess American Native a Honors England Pocahontas’sTrail knownbecause firea destroyed theorigi- un- isspotaltar, exactthetheunder but believe that Pocahontas Historians is buried Church. in George’sa St.vault around asHistoricalshe showed Society a visitor oftoo,”the Gravesend said Sandra Soder ed States and from many other countries, the River Thames is popular with tourists. between go- for a her people became and shethe settlers. and 1607, in arrived 12 when the English or 11 cahontaswas America.Po-North in permanent colony English first the Jamestown, of settlementtheof ry the 400th anniversa- cially espe-high this year, is story her in interestpopular, alwaystasbeenhas cartoons. historical Disney and movies popular songs, in told been has story 21. Her was she time the by all —Ocean Atlantic the across sailed and mother wife a came nists, was kidnapped and held hostage, be- bring peace between the Indians and colo- make the long trip back to her native land. don. She died here while intrying 1617 to is buried in this riverside town east of Lon-Englishcolonists Jamestown,in Virginia, the helped who princess Indian the tas, C14 WRITE “Many people come here from the Unit- finalrestingHertownthisonplace in Pocahon- While Thisdetermined young woman helped Pocahon- — EnglandGRAVESEND, closures to protect other species. other protect to closures en- special build and areas new to animals the of some move to day yester- proposed officials phants, the in country’s wildlife parks. nature of balance the en threat- herds larger say.The officials done, is nothing if 2020 by 34,000 reach could that number elephants. of population growing rapidly its K TooManyElephants Cooking Pocahontas’s son, Thomas, South Africa is looking to curb to looking is Africa South

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in 1635 and became TODAY’S a wealthy landowner. was raised by his Seventh-grader Isabel YuriSeventh-graderIsabel month. a makesonce about tostones salt. You will need a grown-up to open the plantains (they don’t peel salsa, guacamole or other dips. for “baskets”), which are tostones molded into little cups that hold fried and salted, however, it’s delicious. banana, is too tough to eat raw. When picks plantains right off a tree in the yard. her grandmother in Puerto Rico, Isabel house in Washington. But when she visits plantains at the supermarket near her tostones about once a month, buying Latin American version of potato chips. easily) and transfer the slices into and out of a pan of hot oil. The recipe is simple. It has three ingredients: plantains, oil and Isabel makes tostones and a similar dish called cañastas (Spanish The yellow-skinned fruit, a cousin of the Seventh-grader Isabel Yuri makes Tostones , or fried plantain chips, are a

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“Today’s News.” AL 30-7M EC14 RE MD 03-01-07 DAILY A Short but Memorable LifeMemorable but Short A saved him. (In truth, this incident between him and the Indians, and Pocahontas rushed in, put herself about to be killed by Indians when his story of their meeting, he was leader John Smith. According to 1607: Jamestown. now Virginia, about 12 miles from Powhatan. They lived in what is powerful Algonquian chief She was the daughter of the was born. Matoaka and Amonute, 1595-96: Smith. showsPocahontasJohn Richmond with in exhibit Society VirginiaHistorical A CHINA DAILYCHINA REUTERS VIA She met English settlement Pocahontas, also called GHI week ahead. week the in KidsPost in up what’sat coming look a Tracyeditor for Grant KidsPost welcomes Krebs Joe anchor when a.m. 9 at morning Sunday every News TuneNBC4 to in NBC4 News NBC4 on Morning Sunday Every Peek Sneak KidsPost a Get his parents at the National Zoo. and Shan Tai including captivity, in kept being are 200 than More wild. the in living be to thought to farm in France. era grenade was dug up on a pota- holding “a bomb.” actually was she realized she that wasthought she what off potato a dirt the washed she until wasn’t live hand grenade. a out pulled and spuds of sack a a real hot potato when she opened K WasSpud Dud This No An Italian grandmother grabbed bu 160 in pna are pandas giant 1,600 About Police think the World War II- WarWorld the think Police it said 74, Mauriello, Olga N040 1x7 N040 Their son, Thomas, was born the 1614: never in danger.) and Smith’s life was probably was a traditional tribal ceremony, buried. Gravesend, England, where she is 1617: Smith again. England. There, Pocahontas saw 1616: following year. She married John Rolfe. Pocahontas died in The Rolfes traveled to Michelle KidsGuide ciiisfrcide n families and children for Activities o nomto navriigi isud,contact KidsGuide, in advertising on information For LIBRARY OF CONGRESS VIA ASSOCIATEDVIA PRESS CONGRESS OF LIBRARY h ahntnPost Washington The ai t(0)334-7047 (202) at Davis CMYK to BETHESDA 8, ROGERS, ILLUSTRATIONCAMEREN BY Low 38. possible. High 60. Cloudy; early rain TOMORROW: winds. TODAY: w. WEATHER w w 736 47 Entertainment

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C11 DAILY 04-22-07 MD SU C11 CMYK

The Washington Post S Sunday, April 22, 2007 C11 The Region Voyage to America: The Ships and Life At Sea The hardships of founding a colony at Jamestown began the day the Susan Constant, Godspeed cross until 1608. Food was limited in variety; the 144-day journey was monotonous with few and Discovery set sail for the New World on Dec. 20, 1606. The ships lingered for six weeks in the activities to pass the time. Although little information about the original vessels that made the English Channel, waiting for winds to blow them on course. At sea, 144 men and boys lived in first trip has survived, historians have been able to piece together what life would have been like cramped, sometimes unsanitary conditions on top of the cargo their ships carried. Women didn’t for the first colonists based on historical records and naval archeology of cargo ships of the time.

Ships departed London THE SHIPS THE 144 WHO SET SAIL On the Godspeed THE 4A-MONTH JOURNEY Dec. 20, 1606 39 crew Ports of call BRITAIN members: Route of the Returned Europe to England Susan Constant, North Godspeed and America Discovery Jamestown 104 colonists 8 Virginia Stayed to April 26, 1607 A t l a n t i c SUSAN CONSTANT GODSPEED DISCOVERY establish the O c e a n Ship was a year old Returned to England Purchased by the Virginia Jamestown 7 Monita 1 Canary Islands when it made the voyage with the Susan Constant Company and stayed with the settlement April 9, 1607 Feb. 17-21, 1607 Africa to Jamestown. June 22, 1607. Jamestown colonists. 5 Virgin Islands 6 Mona Approximate maximum speed: Approximate maximum speed: Approximate maximum speed: 4 Nevis 10 knots (12 mph) 6 to 7 knots (7 to 8 mph) 5 to 6 knots (6 to 7 mph) 3 Guadeloupe Passengers, 54; crew, 17 Passengers, 39; crew, 13 Passengers, 12; crew, 9 1 fatality (at a stop in the Caribbean) 2 Dominica Cape Verde Is. March 24, 1607 0 1000 MILES BY RICHARD FURNO — THE WASHINGTON POST Life Aboard the Godspeed The 12 crew members and the captain were divided into two shifts, or watches. Each worked ENTERTAINMENT four hours. The main, or weather, deck of the Godspeed was the crew’s working platform. Passengers had no daily Most colonists had to remain in the hold, or below deck, through most of the voyage. duties. Storytelling, gambling with cards FOOD Main topsail or dice and playing Only foods preserved by salting, drying and pickling in vinegar, so they could checkers, dominoes or be kept for months, were carried. On longer voyages, much of the food spoiled. musical instruments One passenger noted at one point of the trip were ways they stayed that the water smelled so bad that occupied. Some game boards were carved no one would drink it. Fore topsail directly onto the top of barrels. Daily rations included: Dried hardtack, or biscuits Preserved meats and fish RELIGIOUS SERVICES Cheese A regular part of some ship Oatmeal or barley routines. Most vessels had a A gallon of beer or cider chaplain. Ships also carried dogs. Livestock, for food, included chickens and possibly Mizzen Main SAILING pigs. Some may have been retained sail sail Ships relied on the wind for power; for use in the colony. if the wind did not blow, the ships did not move. A “mixed sail plan” Steering of square and triangular shapes Ships were Hatches improved the speed and turning Above Deck steered using Allowed for cargo Windlass Forecourse the tiller, a to be lowered into Crew worked in sail of ships. THE CREW length of wood Bilge pumps ship. During the tandem and used hand Captain: Supervised the voyage that controlled Used to remove voyage, they were spikes to turn a cylinder, the rudder. Swivel guns water collecting usually kept open which spooled rope to raise Pilot: Directed the course Used for defense at the bottom to light the hold or lower the anchor, and lift near land against boarders. of the ship. below. cargo into the hold. Navigator: Directed course at sea Anchor Helmsman: Steered the ship Mate: Directed the crew Beakhead Others did rigging and carpentry CAPTAIN OFFICERS Main deck Crew sometimes used this platform work, tarred ropes, pumped water at the ship’s bow as a restroom. from the bilge and maintained armament. Rudder

Below Deck THE PASSENGERS CAPTAIN’S AND THE COOK The Godspeed, along with the two other ships OFFICERS’ QUARTERS CARGO Fire was one of the main hazards for the wooden ship. that sailed to Jamestown, was a merchant vessel Capt. Bartholomew Gosnold had a Supplies were evenly spread between the three ships in case Because of this, the cook was the only person allowed and was retrofitted for passengers not factored into private room with a desk, bed and one got lost. Cargo was loaded until it was nearly up to the to light one. The cook’s room was in the front of the its 40-ton design. Because of this, the colonists lived and window. Bunks for officers were main deck. Typical supplies: ship, ahead of the wind, so smoke would not asphyxiate slept on top of the barrels and boxes loaded in the hold. the crew and the wind would not feed a fire. six feet long and in the stern, where Tools: Picks, axes, Shipbuilding and Tools for Weapons: Most passengers would have slept on straw mattresses. the ride was smoother. Sea chests hoes, nails, shovels, maintanence scientific Extra cannons, Food was cooked only in fair weather, in an iron cooking A 4-by-6-foot pallet would sleep two people. stored personal gear. saws, drills tools experiments muskets box lined with bricks. A grate allowed smoke to exit.

SOURCES: Capt. Eric A. Speth, Jaie Pizzetti, Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation BY APRIL UMMINGER AND TODD LINDEMAN — THE WASHINGTON POST Tall Ships Prepare for Journey to the Nation’s Past SHIPS, From C1 The Godspeed is equipped with electronic navigational devices. But sailing a17th-century ship on the wind remains a labor-intensive af- bus’s Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria, their trip was just as harrowing and its fair. During the training run, a half-dozen crew members were needed just impact nearly as profound. to set and adjust the mizzen, a small sail aft. Crammed inside their holds were 105 men and boys, colonists betting Dressed in jeans and sneakers instead of the Jacobean costumes they they would find gold on the other side of the world. Two-thirds would be will wear Thursday, the crew members ranged from 15 to 73 and included dead before year’s end. But those who survived and followed, most poor, a retired NASA subcontractor, a home-schooled teenager from Mount would transform the Tidewater region into the birthplace of a nation. Airy, Md., and a former member of the Virginia House of Delegates. Some They set off from England in December 1606 on merchant ships built to have sailed for years. Others just signed on. haul cargo, not people. The biggest, the Susan Constant, was about the “I can’t afford a boat, so I use this boat,” said Jim Eppes, 64, of Freder- length of two mobile homes. icksburg. In those days, when transatlantic crossings were like The water felt like winter but the air felt like spring as the moonshots, mariners were lucky to know exactly where they ship eased out into the river. Trees along the bank threw out were, and their vessels were at the mercy of the weather. Pas- their first blossoms. sengers had little opportunity to go above deck for fresh air, Once under sail, the Godspeed cruised at four knots, or as there was hardly enough room for the crew. The passen- 4.6 mph. “She ghosts well,” Speth said, meaning: “She sails PHOTOS BY MARVIN JOSEPH — THE WASHINGTON POST gers slept two to a bunk and, when not fighting, they passed really well in a light wind like this.” Adam Frisch, above left, and Susan Harris prepare to untie the sails of the the time singing, reading or praying. Kaia Danyluk, 31, said she took an interest in square-riggers Godspeed during a practice run on the James River. Below, Kaia Danyluk, But at last the fleet reached Virginia. The Godspeed’s 10- while studying history at the College of William and Mary. center, watches Martin Secula as other crew members prepare for the voyage day re-creation of the voyage up the James River will allow Now a crew member with the Jamestown-Yorktown Founda- of the Godspeed to mark the 400th anniversary of the first permanent English people to see what it must have been like. tion, Danyluk served as Speth’s first mate. colony in the New World. At right, ropes play a critical role on a ship. The volunteer crew has been practicing the ancient sailing “It’s a challenge to learn the vocabulary and learn the differ- arts for the ship’s official debut. On an early spring day, 21 ent riggings,” Danyluk said, while reminding people to avoid volunteers met at Jamestown Settlement, the living history rope burns. Volunteers go through 32 hours of training. museum where the ships berth, to pilot the 72-ton vessel on a Getting up to the riggings is a thrill: It requires a safety har- training voyage. ness — which can be attached only once the crew member has Capt. Eric Speth was at the helm. As maritime program manager for the reached the round top, a wooden platform that allows sailors to work on Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation, a state agency, Speth researched 17th- the sails. The first 60 feet? You’re on your own. century ships to compile specifications for the Godspeed. “That’s the scariest part, especially the first time,” Eppes said. But, he The Godspeed was the 18-wheeler of the high seas in its day. Because added, it’s the most exciting, too. “There’s some people who’ve fallen off naval architects back then did not work from detailed written plans, no two or three times, and they’ll still go back up there.” blueprints of the ship have ever been found; two previous reproductions There is no denying the view from the round top is breathtaking — and were built on educated guesses. sure to goose adrenaline levels with every rock of the boat. Earthbound The new Godspeed, which took two years to build, was launched in sounds and cares seem to fade away. The ropes creak. When the ship turns March 2006. Half of its $2.65 million cost was financed by Virginia taxpay- lazily below, leaving a lacy curl of foam in its wake, you have the sensation ers, and the rest by grants from corporations and foundations. The new of looking down on a toy while you’re riding it. Discovery was built for $1.9 million, and the $2.14 million Susan Constant But it’s what you can’t see that truly awes you: imagining sailors too reproduction has been sailing since 1991. After the anniversary festivities, young for whiskers climbing the rigging of the real ship 400 years ago — the three ships will return to Jamestown Settlement. without safety harnesses, through rough weather, heavy seas and pirates. Like the original Godspeed, the 65-foot-long square-rigger has three Harris said she often imagines those men. As a woman, she also thinks masts and flies the 1607 British flag bearing the English cross of St. of this: “I’m so glad it’s 2007, because back then I wouldn’t have been al- George and the Scottish cross of St. Andrew. lowed to do this.” Unlike the original, the reproduction packs twin 115-horsepower diesel After four hours, the ship arrives home. “Welcome to the New World!” engines so it can chug without wind. No one relies on a sextant, either. some wag shouts from the pier.

HOW TO SEE THE TALL SHIPS VIDEO ON THE WEB

The Godspeed will embark Thursday on a Journey Up the James that will First Landing Reenactment First Landing State Park, Virginia Beach, A washingtonpost.com videojournalist re-create parts of a journey by English settlers 400 years ago. Viewing 9 a.m. to noon and 3 to 6 p.m. Thursday. Admission tickets and parking accompanied a training sail of the locations: Virginia Beach, April 26-27; Hampton, April 28-30; Newport News, passes are required; there is no entry from the beach or water. Tickets reproduction of the 17th-century ship May 4-5; Claremont-Surry County, May 6; Jamestown, May 11-13; Henricus, may be purchased in advance from 800-933-PARK. More information at Godspeed. Enjoy the sail at washingtonpost.com/

www.vb2007.com or www.jamestown2007.org/se-riversail.cfm. wp-dyn/content/video/2007/04/20/

May 19-22; Richmond, May 24-26. VI2007042000786.html.

C M Y K C11 Volume 6, Issue 7

An Integrated Curriculum For The Washington Post Newspaper In Education Program

BY BILL O’LEARY — THE WASHINGTON POST Jacob Collett, 5, takes a picture of the replica ship “Godspeed” as it passes on the James river. Setting Sail for the Past Three Reproductions of 17th-Century Tall Ships — Godspeed, Susan Constant and Discovery — Prepare to Re-Create a Portion of the Journey That Brought English Colonists to Jamestown

By Fredrick Kunkle until the great white sheet bellies out By Thursday, the Godspeed and two Washington Post Staff Writer with the breeze. other 17th-century reproductions will set Off it goes, the Godspeed, borne by the sail to Cape Henry, off Virginia Beach, to • Originally published Sunday, April 22, 2007 wind into another time, 400 years ago. commemorate the colonists’ landfall there “I just love it up there,” Harris says April 26, 1607. The Godspeed will then JAMESTOWN, Va. — “Let’s lay aloft back on deck. She is no younker, as the embark on a month-long Journey Up the and loose all sails!” young seamen who climbed the rigging James, visiting Hampton, Newport News and Claremont before returning here for This sends Susan Harris clambering were known long ago. At 59, Harris is a Anniversary Weekend, a multimillion- up the rigging that stretches like a giant new grandmother. dollar celebration from May 11 to 13. spiderweb from the deck almost to the The former ice skating instructor from Afterward, the journey will continue to top of the ship’s 72-foot mast. Williamsburg is one of 60 volunteer Henricus and Richmond. Each stop will Hand over sneaker she goes to the sailors who are re-creating the majestic feature tours of the ship. yardarm, then inches oh-so-carefully voyage of three tall-masted ships to One thing is certain: This trip will be sideways until she is standing on a thin mark the 400th anniversary of the first easier than the first one. rope five stories above the James River. permanent English colony in the New Cord by cord, Harris loosens the mainsail World. continued on page 11

An Integrated Curriculum For The Washington Post Newspaper In Education Program continued from page 10 architects back then did not work from well,” Speth said, meaning: “She sails detailed written plans, no blueprints really well in a light wind like this.” Although the three original ships — the of the ship have ever been found; two Kaia Danyluk, 31, said she took an Godspeed, the Susan Constant and previous reproductions were built on interest in square-riggers while studying the Discovery — are nowhere near as educated guesses. history at the College of William and famous as Christopher Columbus’s Nina, The new Godspeed, which took two Mary. Now a crew member with the Pinta and Santa Maria, their trip was years to build, was launched in March Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation, just as harrowing and its impact nearly as 2006. Half of its $2.65 million cost was Danyluk served as Speth’s first mate. profound. financed by Virginia taxpayers, and the “It’s a challenge to learn the vocabulary Crammed inside their holds were 105 rest by grants from corporations and men and boys, colonists betting they foundations. The new Discovery was and learn the different riggings,” Danyluk would find gold on the other side of the built for $1.9 million, and the $2.14 said, while reminding people to avoid world. Two-thirds would be dead before million Susan Constant reproduction rope burns. Volunteers go through 32 year’s end. But those who survived and has been sailing since 1991. After the hours of training. followed, most poor, would transform the anniversary festivities, the three ships will Getting up to the riggings is a thrill: It Tidewater region into the birthplace of a return to Jamestown Settlement. requires a safety harness — which can nation. Like the original Godspeed, the 65- be attached only once the crew member They set off from England in December foot-long square-rigger has three masts has reached the round top, a wooden 1606 on merchant ships built to haul and flies the 1607 British flag bearing platform that allows sailors to work on cargo, not people. The biggest, the the English cross of St. George and the the sails. The first 60 feet? You’re on your Susan Constant, was about the length Scottish cross of St. Andrew. own. of two mobile homes. Unlike the original, the reproduction In those days, when transatlantic “That’s the scariest part, especially the packs twin 115-horsepower diesel engines crossings were like moonshots, mariners first time,” Eppes said. But, he added, so it can chug without wind. No one were lucky to know exactly where they it’s the most exciting, too. “There’s some relies on a sextant, either. The Godspeed were, and their vessels were at the mercy people who’ve fallen off two or three is equipped with electronic navigational of the weather. Passengers had little times, and they’ll still go back up there.” devices. opportunity to go above deck for fresh air, But sailing a17th-century ship on the There is no denying the view from the as there was hardly enough room for the round top is breathtaking — and sure to crew. The passengers slept two to a bunk wind remains a labor-intensive affair. During the training run, a half-dozen goose adrenaline levels with every rock of and, when not fighting, they passed the the boat. Earthbound sounds and cares time singing, reading or praying. crew members were needed just to set seem to fade away. The ropes creak. But at last the fleet reached Virginia. and adjust the mizzen, a small sail aft. The Godspeed’s 10-day re-creation of Dressed in jeans and sneakers instead When the ship turns lazily below, leaving the voyage up the James River will allow of the Jacobean costumes they will wear a lacy curl of foam in its wake, you have people to see what it must have been like. Thursday, the crew members ranged the sensation of looking down on a toy The volunteer crew has been practicing from 15 to 73 and included a retired while you’re riding it. the ancient sailing arts for the ship’s NASA subcontractor, a home-schooled But it’s what you can’t see that truly official debut. On an early spring day, 21 teenager from Mount Airy, Md., and a awes you: imagining sailors too young volunteers met at Jamestown Settlement, former member of the Virginia House of for whiskers climbing the rigging of the the living history museum where the Delegates. Some have sailed for years. real ship 400 years ago — without safety Others just signed on. ships berth, to pilot the 72-ton vessel on a harnesses, through rough weather, heavy “I can’t afford a boat, so I use training voyage. seas and pirates. Capt. Eric Speth was at the helm. this boat,” said Jim Eppes, 64, of Harris said she often imagines those As maritime program manager for the Fredericksburg. Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation, a state The water felt like winter but the air men. As a woman, she also thinks of this: agency, Speth researched 17th-century felt like spring as the ship eased out into “I’m so glad it’s 2007, because back then I ships to compile specifications for the the river. Trees along the bank threw out wouldn’t have been allowed to do this.” Godspeed. their first blossoms. After four hours, the ship arrives home. The Godspeed was the 18-wheeler of Once under sail, the Godspeed cruised “Welcome to the New World!” some wag the high seas in its day. Because naval at four knots, or 4.6 mph. “She ghosts shouts from the pier.

An Integrated Curriculum For The Washington Post Newspaper In Education Program

Tom Toles

An Integrated Curriculum For The Washington Post Newspaper In Education Program

by carol guzy — the washington post

Ken Custalow, a member of Virginia’s Mattaponi Indian Tribe, offered a prayer in the Virginia Algonquian language at a ceremony this summer in England. He also makes flutes at his home on the reservation. A Dead Indian Language Is Brought Back to Life Relic of Va. Past Re-Created for Film

By David A. Fahrenthold of the Jamestown Colony. He was about Jamestown, the language that Washington Post Staff Writer nervous. He would be speaking — and scholars call Virginia Algonquian has some of the audience would be hearing come back from the dead. • Originally published Dec 12, 2006 — his native language for the first time. The result, for Virginia Indians such Muh-shay-wah-NUH-toe, he began as Custalow, has been a stunning MATTAPONI INDIAN the salutation. “Great Spirit . . .” Then: opportunity — to speak in words that RESERVATION, Va.— “Muh-shay- Chess-kay-dah-KAY-wak. “All nations their grandparents never knew. wah-NUH-toe. Chess-kay-dah-KAY- …” “It was absolutely awesome,” wak.” The words came from a language Custalow said. “To think, ‘Golly, here In his house overlooking the silvery that once dominated coastal Virginia, was the language that my people Mattaponi River, Ken Custalow said including part of what is now suburban spoke.’” the words over and over until it drove Washington. Pocahontas spoke it. The language they spoke was just his wife crazy. Until she yelled from the Tongue-tied colonists littered our one of several in Virginia before next room: Have you memorized that maps with mispronunciations of it: colonization. Its home territory thing yet? Potomac, Anacostia, Chesapeake. Then, probably included the lower Eastern Custalow, 70, a member of the sometime around 1800, it died out. Shore and the coastal plain between Mattaponi tribe, was preparing to give But now, in a story with starring Hampton Roads and the Potomac River, a blessing at a powwow for Virginia roles for a university linguist, sloppy experts say. Indians in England, part of the events 17th-century scribes and a perfectionist commemorating the 400th anniversary Hollywood director making a movie continued on page 14

An Integrated Curriculum For The Washington Post Newspaper In Education Program continued from page 13 by a Jamestown colonist in the 1600s. phrase or sentence is summed up in But it had been recopied by some of a single word. “Rappahannock,” for The Virginia it described is hard to the 17th century’s most incompetent instance, contains elements that mean superimpose on today’s. It was a place scribes. Their N’s looked like A’s, which “back,” “current of water” and “place.” where bears and elk roamed, where life looked like U’s, and they had a serious “Place where the water comes back” alternated between stints at farming problem with spelling. The Algonquian — it means a river moved by the tides. villages and seasonal migrations for word for “ants” had been mislabeled as “What are the possibilities for hunting and gathering. “aunts,” and the word for “herring” had how humans can organize their Then Europe landed on its doorstep. become “hearing.” thoughts and present them?” said Ives Language was one of many casualties. Then Hollywood entered the picture. Goddard, an Indian language expert “It is a natural process that happens In 2003, director Terrence Malick at the Smithsonian Institution. “Here’s to small communities,” said Helen was preparing to film a movie about another blueprint, another bag of Rountree, a professor emerita at Old Jamestown, The New World, which tricks.” Dominion University who has studied ran in theaters in late 2005 and early For the descendants of Algonquian Virginia tribes. “They had to go out and this year. Blair Rudes, a linguist at speakers, who account for seven speak English to do all sorts of ordinary the University of North Carolina of Virginia’s eight state-recognized things.” Without everyday use, Virginia at Charlotte, was hired to translate Indian tribes, the interest is more Algonquian withered. dialogue for Pocahontas’s people. than academic. At Rudes’s request, the The same thing happened across Rudes started with the Colonial-era movie studio made his work from the the continent. Of perhaps 400 Indian word lists and scholarly work and filled movie available to them. languages spoken in North America in the linguistic blanks using better- “Win-KAW-poe nee-TAWP,” in 1500, about 45 are in common use known Algonquian languages from all Chief Robert “Two Eagles” Green today, one expert estimated. over the Eastern Seaboard. His task of the Patawomeck tribe — a group The Virginia language left behind was a bit like trying to rebuild modern in Stafford County without state those mangled place names (somehow Spanish using only a few pages from a recognition — can now say in his talks “Nukotatunuk,” the tribe living in tourist phrasebook, plus Italian. One to school groups. Hello, my friend. “It the modern-day District, became scene with three pages of dialogue took kind of awakens them a little bit to the “Anacostia”), as well as a few words him a month. fact that everybody in America didn’t absorbed into English, like “raccoon,” But the director loved it. He wanted always speak English,” he said. “pecan,” and “tomahawk.” 50 scenes. Rudes translated in his hotel Some tribes have started teaching A few traces survived among Virginia room for two weeks solid. At the end, children pieces of the language; others Indians: Chief Anne Richardson of the people were speaking entire sentences say they want adult classes. Rappahannock tribe said her family in Virginia Algonquian — or at least a “I would like to see it as a restored didn’t use the word “bread.” linguist’s best guess at it — for the first language . . . to be spoken in its “My grandparents and my parents time in 200 years. fullness,” said Richardson, the chief would say, ‘I’m making up apone,’” she “In order to do it, you don’t think of the Rappahannock tribe. “I don’t said. The old Algonquian word had about that,” Rudes said. “Then, when want it partially restored. I want it fully been “apon.” Corn pone shares the it’s all over, you look back and say, restored.” same linguistic link. ‘Wow, I just re- created a language.’” A glimpse of the future might have For the first half of the 20th century, Among other things, his work has come this summer in Great Britain, at the loss of their language was a minor helped to dispel one of the area’s most a powwow the tribes held in the town concern for Virginia Indians. They were widely held beliefs: that “Chesapeake” where Pocahontas is buried. This was often lumped into the “colored” side of means something like “Great Shellfish what Custalow had been preparing for: a segregated society, barred from jobs Bay.” It doesn’t, Rudes said. The name In the end, he didn’t trust himself to and schools, and many moved away. might actually mean something like memorize the strange syllables, so he By the 1970s, though, discrimination “Great Water,” or it might have been brought along a cheat sheet. had eased, and interest grew in the old just a village at the bay’s mouth. Custalow said he did it flawlessly, Algonquian language. Linguists are interested in the ending the prayer with the Algonquian Researching it was not an easy task. language’s tendency, much like modern word “NAH-daych.” The crowd The best source was a list of Indian German, to mash together so many responded with the same word in words and their meanings compiled prefixes and suffixes that an entire English: Amen.

An Integrated Curriculum For The Washington Post Newspaper In Education Program A Seed of Empire and Vice Found at Jamestown

By Fredrick Kunkle tabacum species grown in the West Washington Post Staff Writer Indies or the harsher, more powerful Nicotiana rustica grown locally by • Originally published Jan 10, 2007 natives. John Rolfe, a Jamestown colonist They are little specks no bigger than better known as the husband of the period that concludes this sentence, Pocahontas, somehow got his hands on but they represent the germ of something the West Indies strain of tobacco seeds enormous: fortune, empire and a national and began growing them in Virginia. vice that would visit a slow death on College of william and Mary applied research center The Spanish, who were making a millions of people. A 400-year-old tobacco seed, magnified. market in tobacco, had decreed the Three 400-year-old tobacco seeds death penalty for anyone caught giving recovered recently from the ooze of a beech nuts that had been hulled but such seeds to a non-Spaniard. colonial well in Jamestown appear to be not eaten suggest that the colonists had In March 1614, Rolfe sent four barrels the first and earliest-known evidence of gathered those before they were ripe. of tobacco to England; four years later, cultivation by English colonists of a plant But Steve Archer, an archaeobotanist the colony shipped 49,528 pounds, that would become the cash crop of a for the Colonial Williamsburg according to the book Love and Hate in New World empire, a form of living gold Foundation, said those finds suggest that Jamestown by David A. Price. that would eventually be shunned as a the colonists, facing starvation because of The well was later abandoned and cancer-causing scourge. their own folly and ineffectual attempts used as a trash heap. It was sealed Now, just as Americans progressed to make do, had been taught by Native when colonists built an addition for from the public health threat of tobacco Americans what to eat. the governor’s house atop it, and to the threat of obesity, the 400th “The guys in Jamestown were not archaeologists began excavating it in anniversary of the founding of Jamestown just stumbling around the woods fall 2005. is refocusing attention on the “golden stuffing things into their mouths,” Under magnification, the seeds show weed” because tobacco played a key role Archer said. “They had never a wrinkly husk covered by jigsaw-like in turning around the colony’s fortunes. encountered a persimmon before. What shapes. Packed inside was a terrible [The commemoration began last year someone had to do was show them genie with the power to soothe and with a series of events that will culminate how to eat them, particularly since torment its users. in a three-day celebration in May persimmons are not edible until they’re But no one knew that then. Natives highlighted by a visit by Queen Elizabeth practically rotten.” in the West Indies offered Christopher II. The results of the microscopic analysis Tobacco seeds are rarely found at Columbus some tobacco leaves as a of the seeds will be presented this week archaeological sites because of their gift. Columbus knew enough to see that at the Society for Historical Archaeology tiny size, dry burial conditions and the Indians’ pungent dried leaves were conference in Williamsburg.] practices by growers that removed intended as tribute, but he didn’t know The seeds were found, along with the seeds from the plants. But in a what to do with them. He threw them the remains of wild food collected by study funded by the magazine, Archer overboard. the colonists, in a 15-foot-deep well recovered the tiny tobacco seeds by Despite four decades of a concerted dug sometime after 1610 at the site of sifting through three samples of goopy public health campaign, about 45 the first permanent English-speaking mud recovered from an early well built million U.S. adults still puff away each settlement in North America. by the colonists. year, and tobacco use remains the Scientists also found the seeds of “It was thick and soupy,” he said. “It leading preventable cause of death, indigenous wild plants that the colonists had the consistency of frosting.” accounting for more than 400,000 also obtained for food, including Archer said further testing, through deaths a year. Yet last year, a group of blueberries, huckleberries, blackberries, DNA analysis, could shed light on state attorneys general reported that cherries, grapes and persimmons. The whether these seeds came from the per capita consumption fell to levels not remains of hickory nuts, acorns and highly desirable, milder Nicotiana seen since the 1930s.

An Integrated Curriculum For The Washington Post Newspaper In Education Program Along the James At Virginia’s Original McMansions, Catch a Glimpse of the Settlers’ Style

By Fredrick Kunkle and customs we still share. Some are My trip along the James River Washington Post Staff Writer state-run museums, full of antiques began at Jamestown, as the colonists’ and informative docents, and a few are did. A crude but historically accurate • Originally published Sunday, operated by foundations. Some are in palisade of timbers now stands where April 29, 2007 private hands and closed to the public, the original fort was at Historic Stroll the grounds of Virginia’s except for tours arranged in advance. Jamestowne, thanks to the findings Berkeley Plantation and you get it all: Seeing these early settlements — of archaeologist William M. Kelso. In the sweep of history, with its legacy of places such as Bacon’s Castle, Berkeley, 1994, Kelso uncovered the footprint fearless English settlers in the age of Shirley, Flowerdew Hundred or Belle of the original fort and much more, Shakespeare, Revolutionary War-era Air — allows a glimpse of a culture that including graves, despite a longstanding drama, and the genteel affluence and arose from a collision of Europeans, belief that it had been washed away by power of the Tidewater’s aristocratic Africans and Indians. the river. The dig continues today, and masses. The early planters brought steel, glass visitors can watch as archaeologists sift In the silences, you also feel history’s and gunpowder, and something more: a soil through screens for new finds. The sorrows: the Indian uprising of taste for baronial homes and a delight archaeologists also welcome questions. 1622, which wiped out the English in manicured gardens and lawns. It was Inside the walls of the fort is a replica settlement for a time, and the war a style that would come to stand for all of an early church where the colonists, of extermination against Native that was romantic and aristocratic of drawing on English legal customs, Americans that followed; the institution the South. would also shape the progress of self- of slavery that imprisoned millions of And yet. One of the most fascinating government and private enterprise, human beings; and the Civil War, which reasons for visiting Jamestown and and carry those traditions into the ripped the nation in two. the surrounding plantations is not surrounding plantations. The General It’s like that for modern visitors just to ooh and ahh at the Waterford Assembly first met in a church in to the James River plantations that crystal chandeliers. The plantations, Jamestown in July 1619, and some sprang up after colonists established perhaps more than any other spot in the first permanent English colony of its members represented the at Jamestown on May 13, 1607. early America, force you to reflect plantations. Although Jamestown itself would on our blind spots. In addition to The site also has a new museum wither, the plantations carried on its the enormous evils of slavery and called the Archaearium, and a new mission, steadily expanding across the destruction of Native American visitors center displays artifacts from the Tidewater region until Europeans culture, there were the lesser, but still all three cultures found there, including reached the tipping point as the new ruinous, consequences of building an armor, tools and jewelry. majority, giving birth to a way of life entire society around the cultivation of Less than a mile away is Jamestown that shaped the United States. By 1618, tobacco. Settlement, whose museum and some 600 people of the 1,800 who So why is seeing the plantations so living-history exhibits have undergone had left England were living on the worthwhile? You get a glimpse of the a complete makeover for the 400th plantations, which had penetrated five beginnings of the nation we’ve become. anniversary. The exhibits strike just the miles inland and dotted both sides of right note for modern visitors: There the James River from its mouth to the The Dig Continues are interactive features, such as a map present site of Richmond. It’s possible to see several James that lights up to depict all the era’s Today you can drive Route 5, which River plantations in a single day. Two European colonies around the world, hugs the north bank of the James of the best bets are Bacon’s Castle and and a sextant to practice navigation. River, or mosey along Route 10, along Berkeley Plantation, with a side trip But they are also meaty and not the southern shore, touring about to St. Luke’s Episcopal Church, which excruciatingly cute. half a dozen English manors and offers another unusual perspective on estates of the folks whose language early Colonial life. continued on page 18

Volume 6, Issue 7

C M Y K

P6 TRAVEL 04-29-07 EZ EE P6 CMYK An Integrated Curriculum For The Washington Post Newspaper In Education Program

P6 Sunday, April 29, 2007 R K x The Washington Post

JAMES RIVER PLANTATIONS

30 95 301 Agecroft Hall 295 The Pamunkey Indian 625 and Gardens, a Reservation was created by The Mattaponi Indian Reservation was M created by the Virginia General Assembly in a medieval Tudor treaties in 1646 and 1677; it t ta p 1658. The tribe traces its roots back to manor in Lancashire, 95 comprises 1,200 acres, with a 640 o 33 n England, was museum and a pottery school. i Great Chief Powhatan, who ruled most of 360 633 R purchased by an . Tidewater Virginia when Europeans arrived American in 1925, 64 in 1607. (He was also Pocahontas’s father.) taken apart, hauled 295 360 key 17 here and rebuilt. un R. 30 195 am P

195 33 Richmond 64 West 60 Point 360 249 33 95

a 64 1 m Originally known as Smith’s e 155 According to the Henricus s 5 Its modern-day incarnation is Hundred, with a land grant

Foundation — and contrary to i dating to 1616, Sherwood v as a bed-and-breakfast, but the e

what is depicted in a painting in r circa-1849 Edgewood Forest Plantation has been a 60 the Rotunda in the U.S. Capitol Plantation was once part of continuous residence of the The story of the 104 Englishmen — Pocahontas was baptized in Berkeley Plantation. The house at Belle Air Tyler family since President John what is now known as Henricus and boys who created America’s first 155 Plantation is one of America’s Tyler purchased it in 1842. permanent settlement in 1607 comes alive Historical Park. The park oldest frame structures, built 288 at Jamestown Settlement. Replicas of features a re-created Native in 1670 and still boasting the colonists’ fort, the ships they traveled American village and a militia- massive pine timbers. guarded fort. Charles in and a Powhatan village are among the 10 City living-history exhibits. 5 Camp Y o rk R vi e r .

295 R Peary

Chickahominy y

. n R W.M.A. i 64

x m Mobjack o 60 17 t o t 5 h Bay 95 a Hopewell m ka 199 J c 1 o a i COLO p h N 639 m IA p

C L A 10 Williamsburg P e KW s 5 Yorktown Y. R 199 Naval Shirley Plantation, Virginia’s Fort iv 31 Petersburg Lee er Weapons first, was built in 1613 and has Station Yorktown been in the hands of the same 1 COLONIAL PKWY. family for 11 generations. The 10 85 17 mansion was completed in 1738; Chippokes Plantation James there also are formal gardens and River State Park is home to the eight colonial outbuildings. 31 Ferry Chippokes Farm and Forestry Museum, picnic shelters and Surry Fort Eustis cabins, 3 A miles of hiking According to some, America’s Historic Jamestowne, on 633 60 and biking trails, and the circa- D.C. first official Thanksgiving was the site of the first permanent English 10 1854 Chippokes Mansion. Annapolis settlement in North America, includes 66 held in 1619 at Berkeley Plantation, which is also the the 1607 James Fort, unearthed Langley 20 0 birthplace of William Henry during archaeological digs. Built in 1665 in Jacobean A.F.B. MILES MD. Harrison, ninth president of architectural style, Bacon’s J 64 a m the United States. Castle has an adjacent garden e s Fredericksburg that features plants grown in R i 258 Hampton Potom C Flowerdew Hundred v a the late 17th century. e c h 10 r 95 17 R. e Plantation and 31 s 60 a Museum is located on 460 32 p 258 VIRGINIA e one of the earliest Smithfield 64 a original land grants in 17 64 k Newport e Virginia. The museum, The gabled house built Detail News Hampton York R. B in a circa-1850 school- between 1751 and 1765 on a Roads Richmond 64 y Smith’s Fort Plantation 295 0 5 house, offers a look at domestic slave life. still retains much of the 664 564 Petersburg MILES interior woodwork. The E James R. l i z fort itself, built by Capt. a 85 17 b

e t

h 460 95 460 13 John Smith, was intended Historic St. Luke’s Church, built in 1632, is

Norfolk to provide a retreat position America’s oldest surviving Gothic building. . should Jamestown come Previously called the Old Brick Church, it features 164 58 Suffolk under attack. a tie-beam timber interior roof structure. 17 Norfolk BY STEVE MCCRACKEN AND GENE THORP — THE WASHINGTON POST

K Agecroft Hall and Gardens (4305 Landing Rd., Charles City), 804-829-6018, flowerdew.org. Open Monday-Friday, April K Jamestown Settlement (intersection Grounds open daily year-round. Admission: Sulgrave Rd., Richmond), 804- 353-4241. www.berkeleyplantation.com. Open daily 1-Nov. 15. Admission: $10. of Route 359 and 31 South), $5. Tours of the home available by ONLINE Open Tuesday-Sunday year-round. year-round. Admission: $11. K Henricus Historical Park (251 888-593-4682, www.historyisfun.org. appointment, $35. More on Plantations Admission: $7. K Chippokes Plantation State Park Henricus Park Rd., Chester), Open daily year-round. Admission: $13.50. K Shirley Plantation (501 Shirley K Bacon’s Castle (465 Bacon’s Castle (898 Chippokes Plantation Rd., Surry) , 804-706-1340, www.henricus.org. Open K Mattaponi Indian Reservation (1467 Plantation Rd., Charles City), For an interactive Trail, Surry), 757-357-5976, www.apva. 757-294-3625, www.dcr.virginia.gov/ Tuesday-Sunday year-round. Admission: Mattaponi Reservation Circle, West Point), 800-232-1613, www.shirleyplantation. version of the org/baconscastle. Open weekends in state_parks/chi.shtml. Open daily $6. 804-769-4508, www.baylink.org/ com. Open daily year-round. Admission: above map, visit March and November, and year-round; tours of the mansion and the K Historic Jamestowne (on Jamestown Mattaponi. Open daily year-round; shad $10.50. www.washington Tuesday-Saturday April 1-Oct. 31. museum are free. Island), 757-229-1733, www. hatchery open March 1-June 1. K Smith’s Fort Plantation (217 Smith’s post.com/travel. Admission: $7. K Edgewood Plantation (4800 John historicjamestowne.org. Open daily K Pamunkey Indian Reservation (175 Fort Lane, Surry), 757-294-3872, www. K Belle Air Plantation (11800 John Tyler Tyler Memorial Hwy., Charles City), year-round. Admission: $15, children Lay Landing Rd. Route 1, King William apva.org/smithsfort. Open weekends in Fredrick Kunkle will Memorial Hwy., Charles City), 800-296-3343, www. younger than 15 free. County), 804-843-4792, www.baylink. November, and Tuesday-Sunday April discuss this story 804-829-2431, www. edgewoodplantation.com. Open daily K Historic St. Luke’s Church (14477 org/Pamunkey. Open year-round 1-Oct. 31. Admission: $7. during the Travel jamesriverplantations.com/belleair.htm. year-round. Admission: $10. Benns Church Blvd., Smithfield), Tuesday-Sunday. Admission: $2.50. K Virginia House (4301 Sulgrave Rd., section’s weekly chat Open by appointment for groups of 20 or K Flowerdew Hundred Plantation and 757-357-3367, www.historicstlukes.org. K Sherwood Forest Plantation (14501 Richmond), 804-353-4251, www. Monday at 2 p.m. on more; $10 per person. Museum (1617 Flowerdew Hundred Rd., Open daily, except Mondays, every month John Tyler Memorial Hwy., Charles City), vahistorical.org. Open daily year-round. www.washingtonpost.com. K Berkeley Plantation (12602 Harrison Hopewell), 804-541-8897, www. except January. Donations accepted. 804-829-5377, www.sherwoodforest.org. Admission: $5.

James River Plantations:17 Beginnings of a Nation May 8, 2007 © 2007 THE WASHINGTON POST COMPANY PLANTATIONS, From P1 places such as Bacon’s Castle, Berke- and the surrounding plantations is not The Dig Continues a sextant to practice navigation. But leaded casement windows and the high- ley, Shirley, Flowerdew Hundred or just to ooh and ahh at the Waterford they are also meaty and not excruciat- style Jacobean features, such as triple- bank of the James River, or mosey Belle Air — allows a glimpse of a cul- crystal chandeliers. The plantations, It’s possible to see several James ingly cute. stacked chimneys and curved Flemish along Route 10, along the southern ture that arose from a collision of Euro- perhaps more than any other spot in River plantations in a single day. Two Although the word “plantation” in- gables — and efforts by their owners to shore, touring about half a dozen Eng- peans, Africans and Indians. early America, force you to reflect on of the best bets are Bacon’s Castle and evitably conjures images of “Gone try to stay up with fashions changing lish manors and estates of the folks The early planters brought steel, our blind spots. In addition to the enor- Berkeley Plantation, with a side trip to With the Wind,” the English used the half a world away in England. whose language and customs we still glass and gunpowder, and something mous evils of slavery and the de- St. Luke’s Episcopal Church, which of- term back then to describe any settle- Our fast-talking guide, Marshall share. Some are state-run museums, more: a taste for baronial homes and a struction of Native American culture, fers another unusual perspective on ment in a new country. Some were Blevins, noted that an early mistress full of antiques and informative do- delight in manicured gardens and there were the lesser, but still ruinous, early Colonial life. also called “hundreds,” which was a of the house regularly sent away to cents, and a few are operated by foun- lawns. It was a style that would come consequences of building an entire so- My trip along the James River be- term used to describe any political unit England for “fashion plates,” sort of dations. Some are in private hands and to stand for all that was romantic and ciety around the cultivation of tobacco. gan at Jamestown, as the colonists’ larger than a village and smaller than a the Glamour magazine of the time. closed to the public, except for tours aristocratic of the South. So why is seeing the plantations so did. A crude but historically accurate shire, or county. These engravings and woodcuts arranged in advance. And yet. One of the most fascinat- worthwhile? You get a glimpse of the palisade of timbers now stands where These early plantations were both gave illustrations of the latest dress- Seeing these early settlements — ing reasons for visiting Jamestown beginnings of the nation we’ve become. the original fort was at Historic James- large-scale agricultural operations and es and styles, which seamstresses at towne, thanks to the findings of ar- commercial centers. Poorer farmers, the plantation could then copy. Even chaeologist William M. Kelso. In 1994, known as yeomen, whose small hold- if your husband did move you to the Kelso uncovered the footprint of the ings were located on the frontier, jour- boonies, you didn’t have to be out of original fort and much more, including neyed to the James River plantations fashion. D E T A I L S : James River Plantations graves, despite a longstanding belief to sell their crops, trade, and purchase Archaeological excavations at Ba- that it had been washed away by the goods and tools manufactured in Brit- con’s Castle in the 1980s uncovered Here’s a suggested three-day itinerary for visiting James River river. The dig continues today, and vis- ain. the earliest example of a formal Eng- plantations and other sites related to the Jamestown colony. For itors can watch as archaeologists sift lish garden in America, which has addresses, hours, fees and other information, see above. soil through screens for new finds. The An Early Revolutionary been restored. Blevins noted that one archaeologists also welcome ques- vegetable the owners did not grow DAY ONE: From Washington, take Interstate 95 two hours south to tions. Cross the car ferry from Jamestown was the tomato, because it was Richmond and visit Agecroft Hall and Virginia House. Check out Inside the walls of the fort is a repli- to the town of Scotland and you’re thought to be poisonous. And, as it Henricus Historical Park, a living-history museum depicting a ca of an early church where the colo- only a few minutes from Bacon’s Cas- happens, they were half-right: The acid second English settlement started by the colonists who established nists, drawing on English legal cus- tle, whose name is a misnomer. Na- from tomatoes may have interacted Jamestown. There is also a re-creation of a Powhatan Indian village. toms, would also shape the progress of thaniel Bacon, who has the distinction with the settlers’ pewter serving dish- self-government and private enter- of having led the first revolt by settlers es, causing a chemical reaction that re- DAY TWO: Drive about 10 miles south on I-95 to Route 10 east to prise, and carry those traditions into against a Colonial authority in Amer- leased lead. visit plantations on the south side of the James River, including the surrounding plantations. The Gen- ica 100 years before the Revolutionary The house’s namesake was the hot- Smith’s Fort, Chippokes Plantation, Flowerdew (originally eral Assembly first met in a church in War, never lived here. And he is not be- headed son of aristocrats who was Flowerdieu) Hundred, Bacon’s Castle and Historic St. Luke’s Jamestown in July 1619, and some of lieved to have even visited. But about packed off to the New World to better Church. Cross the James River on the Jamestown-Scotland its members represented the planta- 70 of his followers seized the house himself. Nathaniel Bacon arrived in Ferry, which is free and operated by the Virginia Department of © SHIRLEY PLANTATION tions. during Bacon’s Rebellion, from Sep- Virginia with connections to the gover- Transportation. (You have to backtrack a little on Route 10 if you visit Charles City’s Shirley Plantation dates from 1613. The site also has a new museum tember 1676 until the end of the year. nor, Sir William Berkeley. But Bacon the church.) Ferry details: www.virginiadot.org/travel/ called the Archaearium, and a new vis- Archaeologists have discovered that became incensed when Berkeley re- ferry-jamestown-history.asp. and other lively events. At Chippokes Plantation State Park, for itors center displays artifacts from all they had a grand time plundering the fused to give him permission to retali- example, visitors may tour the Chippokes Farm & Forestry Museum to three cultures found there, including manor’s supply of wine and liquor. ate against Indian raids on his proper- DAY THREE: After visiting Historic Jamestowne and Jamestown see how people first worked the land, but they can also observe the armor, tools and jewelry. The two-story house was built in ty, and so he raised a band of vigilantes Settlement, head north on Route 614 to Route 5 heading for cultivation of peanuts and other crops on grounds that have been Less than a mile away is Jamestown 1665 by a merchant and planter who took matters into their own Richmond to see plantations on the north shore of the James River. continuously farmed for 400 years. The park also offers canoe trips on Settlement, whose museum and living- named Arthur Allen, whose Surry hands. They soon found themselves There are several sites along this route, including Berkeley, the James River and the Lower Chippokes Creek to examine how the history exhibits have undergone a County property covered about 700 battling the governor and other sup- Evelynton, Shirley and Sherwood Forest. Native Americans in the Powhatan empire lived. complete makeover for the 400th anni- acres. It is believed to be the oldest porters of the Crown, and even burned versary. The exhibits strike just the standing brick house in Virginia. Jamestown. Bacon was declared a reb- ANTSY-CHILD ALERT: Touring plantations mostly involves leisurely INFORMATION: Virginia Tourism, 800-VISIT VA (800-847-4882), right note for modern visitors: There Owned and operated by the non- el. walks through grand houses and gardens, and meditations on the www.virginia.org. For tickets to Jamestown anniversary events: are interactive features, such as a map profit group APVA Preservation Vir- The governor vowed to capture Ba- people who lived there. But some plantations also hold reenactments 866-400-1607, www.americas400thanniversary.com. — F.K. that lights up to depict all the era’s Eu- ginia, the rooms convey touches of Eng-

ropean colonies around the world, and lish life — especially in the diamond- See PLANTATIONS, P7, Col. 1

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An Integrated Curriculum For The Washington Post Newspaper In Education Program continued from page 16 and efforts by their owners to try to stay Just down the road from Bacon’s Castle up with fashions changing half a world is Historic St. Luke’s Church. The Old Although the word “plantation” away in England. Brick Church, as it was first known, was inevitably conjures images of “Gone Our fast-talking guide, Marshall built around 1632 and is believed to be With the Wind,” the English used Blevins, noted that an early mistress of the oldest existing church of English the term back then to describe any the house regularly sent away to England foundation in America and the oldest settlement in a new country. Some were for “fashion plates,” sort of the Glamour surviving Gothic structure. also called “hundreds,” which was a magazine of the time. These engravings It is smaller than what you might term used to describe any political unit and woodcuts gave illustrations of expect when you hear the word larger than a village and smaller than a the latest dresses and styles, which “Gothic.” Stepping inside the church, shire, or county. seamstresses at the plantation could then its nave suffused with warm light from These early plantations were both copy. Even if your husband did move you stained-glass windows manufactured in large-scale agricultural operations to the boonies, you didn’t have to be out the 1890s, offers a humble, distinctly and commercial centers. Poorer of fashion. American echo of the much grander farmers, known as yeomen, whose Archaeological excavations at Bacon’s and more elaborate Gothic cathedrals small holdings were located on the Castle in the 1980s uncovered the earliest of Europe. One of the windows likens frontier, journeyed to the James example of a formal English garden George Washington to Moses; another River plantations to sell their crops, in America, which has been restored. casts Robert E. Lee as David. trade, and purchase goods and tools Blevins noted that one vegetable the My favorite artifact was the 1630s manufactured in Britain. owners did not grow was the tomato, English chamber organ, the oldest such because it was thought to be poisonous. instrument in the United States. For An Early Revolutionary And, as it happens, they were half-right: something so old, it looks in good shape, Cross the car ferry from Jamestown The acid from tomatoes may have with colorful scenes of David before Saul to the town of Scotland and you’re only interacted with the settlers’ pewter and Jephthah’s daughter painted on the a few minutes from Bacon’s Castle, serving dishes, causing a chemical inside of its doors. Purchased in 1630 by whose name is a misnomer. Nathaniel reaction that released lead. a noble family in Norfolk, England, it was Bacon, who has the distinction of The house’s namesake was the acquired by the church in the 1950s from having led the first revolt by settlers hotheaded son of aristocrats who was a collector. It was still playable, but barely. against a Colonial authority in America packed off to the New World to better “It just sounded like evil, demented 100 years before the Revolutionary War, himself. Nathaniel Bacon arrived in circus music,” said our guide, Collin never lived here. And he is not believed Virginia with connections to the governor, Norman. After some careful restoration to have even visited. But about 70 of Sir William Berkeley. But Bacon became and tuning by specialists, the organ was his followers seized the house during incensed when Berkeley refused to give able to sound out the “Doxology,” a Bacon’s Rebellion, from September 1676 him permission to retaliate against Indian recording of which Norman played for us. until the end of the year. Archaeologists raids on his property, and so he raised have discovered that they had a grand a band of vigilantes who took matters Home of Presidents time plundering the manor’s supply of into their own hands. They soon found On the other side of the river in wine and liquor. themselves battling the governor and Charles City, about 20 minutes north The two-story house was built in 1665 other supporters of the Crown, and even of Jamestown, is Berkeley, an imposing by a merchant and planter named Arthur burned Jamestown. Bacon was declared Georgian mansion that puts a premium Allen, whose Surry County property a rebel. on symmetry (though the balance was covered about 700 acres. It is believed The governor vowed to capture Bacon thrown off a bit by the addition of a to be the oldest standing brick house in dead or alive; he said he would hang wing on one side of the main structure Virginia. the corpse if he could. But Bacon died -- the owner ran out of money before Owned and operated by the nonprofit at the age of 29 of unknown causes, and building one for the other side). In group APVA Preservation Virginia, the the rebellion melted away. His body was 1726, Benjamin Harrison IV built the rooms convey touches of English life never found. three-story Georgian brick manor, which — especially in the diamond-leaded The best part of the tour was imagining is said to be the oldest three-story brick casement windows and the high-style the fun the rebels must have had at the house in Virginia that can prove its date. Jacobean features, such as triple-stacked owner’s expense. They filled dumps with chimneys and curved Flemish gables — broken wine bottles, which are on display. continued on page 19

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It is also believed to be the first Virginia house to have crowned its top story with a pediment roof. Our guide, Elizabeth Pettigrew, who was dressed in period costume, explained that one of the ways the date of the building can be proved is a round stone on an exterior wall with the date of its construction. It also bears a romantic message: Declaring his love for his wife, Anne Carter, the owner wrote in stone: “B ♥ A.” Just below this charming detail lies one of those reminders of the unpleasant side of plantation life: “the whistling walk,” a 40-foot tunnel between the outdoor kitchen and the main quarters, whose name comes from orders to the slaves to whistle while bearing meals to ensure that no one filched from the platters. The plantation’s story began when 38 men boarded the vessel Margaret coexistence, the Virginia Indians, under history, including two presidents of the in Bristol, England, and sailed across a new leader, planned a deadly uprising United States. the Atlantic to settle an 8,000-acre land on March 22, 1622. The Harrisons lost control of the grant of virgin forest and meadow titled On that Good Friday morning, plantation in the 1840s, and it changed “Berkeley Plantation and Hundred.” the Indians wandered into Berkeley hands several times. Gen. George Arriving 2 1/2 months later on Dec. 4, and other settlements, as if to work B. McClellan’s troops occupied the 1619, the colonists, led by Capt. John and trade as usual. But as if by some plantation during his campaign to capture Woodleefe, fell to their knees and gave secretly communicated signal, the Richmond, and President Lincoln visited thanks. Indians took up whatever weapons him there twice. It was also here that Berkeley’s boosters call this were at hand — settlers’ muskets Gen. Daniel Butterfield composed the ceremony America’s first Thanksgiving resting in corners, carving knives, bugle call taps in July 1862. and celebrate it as such every year, hatchets and staves for driving Berkeley was abandoned for almost 75 regardless of the hooting from New livestock — and cut down men, women years at the end of the Civil War until England (or St. Augustine, Fla., which and children. Twenty-five plantations a drummer boy from McClellan’s army, has made a similar claim to the first were attacked, and 349 people died. John Jamieson, purchased the property Thanksgiving). Berkeley and other outlying plantations and 1,400 acres in 1907, and his heirs Though better prepared and were evacuated to Jamestown. The restored it. accompanied by more skilled workers Indians had hoped to extirpate the Spend a few moments looking across than the feckless gentlemen who English once and for all time. But it was the panorama of terraced lawns from the arrived in Jamestown, Berkeley’s too late: Too many Europeans had come. grand Georgian manor and you envy the settlers still struggled, laboring in vain Berkeley would not be revived until owners their days of leisure. But you also to create a textile industry on mulberry Benjamin Harrison III, a second- remember the slaves who dug by hand trees and silkworms. About half the generation immigrant, purchased the those five vast terraces that stretch a colonists soon died, and reinforcements property in 1691. Benjamin III would quarter-mile from the palatial manor to were needed a year later. But slowly, be the first of a bewildering number of James River’s shore. farming and tobacco caught on. Benjamin Harrisons who resided there Then catastrophe struck. After a and laid some claim to the nation’s Fredrick Kunkle covers Virginia for The relatively long period of peace and Post.

An Integrated Curriculum For The Washington Post Newspaper In Education Program

Academic Content Standards

This lesson addresses academic content standards of Maryland, Virginia and the District of Columbia.

Maryland Virginia Washington, D.C.

Social Studies: Individuals and Societies Virginia Studies: The student will Social Studies: Students describe Change Over Times (Topic A, Standard demonstrate knowledge of the first the productive resources and market 5) Analyze the chronology and significance of key historical events during the age of permanent English settlement in relationships that existed in early European exploration (Indicator 1). America by America (4.5, Grade 4) Objectives (Grade 5, History) a) explaining the reasons for English 1. Students describe the economic a. Describe the origin, destination and goals colonization; activities within and among Native of the North American explorers. b) describing how geography American cultures prior to contact b. Evaluate the results of the interactions influenced the decision to settle at with Europeans. between European explorers and native Jamestown; 3. Students understand the peoples. c) identifying the importance of the development of technology and charters of the Virginia Company the impact of major inventions on Analyze the chronology and the significance of London in establishing the business productivity during the of key historical events leading to early Jamestown settlement; early development of the United settlements in Colonial America (Indicator 2) Objectives (Grade 5, History) e) identifying the importance of the States. For example, students a. Describe the major settlements in Roanoke, arrival of Africans and women to the use the Internet to discover the St. Augustine and Jamestown Jamestown settlement; ways in which Native American b. Analyze how key historical events impacted f) describing the hardships faced culture conducted trade along the Native American societies by settlers at Jamestown and the Trading Path (a route spanning the changes that took place to ensure Chesapeake Bay Region to Northern Emergence, Expansion and Changes in survival; Georgia). Nations and Empires (Topic B, Standard 5) g) describing the interactions Analyze the growth and development of between the English settlers and Social Studies: Students describe the colonial America (Indicator 2) the Powhatan people, including the cooperation and conflict that existed Objective (Grade 5, History) contributions of the Powhatans to among the Native Americans and a. Describe the religious, political and economic motives of individuals who the survival of the settlers (VS.3) between the Indian nations and the migrated to North America and the difficulties new settlers. (4.6) they encountered. The student will develop skills for 1. Students understand the major historical and geographical analysis ways Native Americans and colonists Social Science: Students will use geographic including the ability to used the land, adapted to it, and concepts and processes to examine the role a) identify and interpret artifacts changed the environment. of culture, technology, and the environment and primary and secondary source 4. Students explain the cooperation in the location and distribution of human documents to understand events in that existed between the colonists activities and spatial connections throughout history; and Native Americans during the time. (Standard 3) c) compare and contrast historical 1600s and 1700s (e.g., fur trade, Objective (Grade 5, Geography) events; military alliances, treaties, and d. Compare geographic locations and geographic characteristics of colonial e) make connections between past cultural inter changes). settlements, such as Jamestown, Plymouth, and present; Boston, Philadelphia, Charleston and New g) interpret ideas and events from York City. different historical perspectives.

Standards of Learning currently in effect The Maryland Voluntary State Curriculum for Virginia Public Schools can be found Learning Standards for DCPS are found Content Standards can be found online at online at www.pen.k12.va.us/VDOE/ online at www.k12.dc.us/dcps/Standards/ http://mdk12.org/mspp/vsc/index.html. Superintendent/Sols/home.shtml. standardsHome.htm.