DOCSLIB.ORG

New Opportunities for Managing Acute and Chronic Lung Infections

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
New Opportunities for Managing Acute and Chronic Lung Infections PERSPECTIVES and their potential interactions with each OPINION other and airway commensals. We discuss the emergence of antibiotic multidrug- New opportunities for managing resistant (MDR) organisms and highlight the potential for the global spread of pathogens through circulation in cities, schools and acute and chronic lung infections hospitals. We then suggest novel diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities for mitigating William O. C. M. Cookson, Michael J. Cox and Miriam F. Moffatt these serious problems. We propose that Abstract | Lung diseases caused by microbial infections affect hundreds of millions the opportunities to improve patient care are substantial and that a coordinated and of children and adults throughout the world. In Western populations, the treatment of collaborative international Lung Microbiome lung infections is a primary driver of antibiotic resistance. Traditional therapeutic Project (to consider the collective genomes strategies have been based on the premise that the healthy lung is sterile and that of the microorganisms that reside in the infections grow in a pristine environment. As a consequence, rapid advances in our lung) together with systematic studies of understanding of the composition of the microbiota of the skin and bowel have not individual organisms (the microbiota) will be of inestimable value to global health. yet been matched by studies of the respiratory tree. The recognition that the lungs are as populated with microorganisms as other mucosal surfaces provides the The burden of lung infections opportunity to reconsider the mechanisms and management of lung infections. Overt respiratory infections are the leading Molecular analyses of the lung microbiota are revealing profound adverse responses cause of death in developing countries and to widespread antibiotic use, urbanization and globalization. This Opinion article are associated with more than 4 million 16 proposes how technologies and concepts flowing from the Human Microbiome deaths annually . In children under 5 years of age, pneumonia, which is usually Project can transform the diagnosis and treatment of common lung diseases. associated with a bacterial infection, accounts for 1.3 million deaths annually The airways and the lung are in a constant Until recently, standard medical teaching and 18% of all-cause mortality17. Moreover, state of challenge from environmental held that the healthy lung is sterile9 and that pneumonia kills far more adults than HIV microorganisms. A sedentary adult can pathogens invade an environment that is or malaria16. Globally, lower respiratory inhale more than 10,000 litres of air per normally kept free of microorganisms by the infections result in the loss of 103,000 day1, which washes over 40–80 m2 of lung host mucosa. However, the thoracic airways, disability-adjusted life years, which means surface2,3. In cities, this air may contain up which are the site of many infections, that lung infections are the largest cause of to 100,000 bacteria per litre4, a proportion are now known to support a distinctive disease burden to humanity. of which are able to penetrate into the community with a density of bacteria Acute infections can afflict healthy thoracic airways and beyond. By contrast, similar to that of the small bowel10,11. The adults but are more common in the the gut has a surface area of 30 m2 (REF. 5), consideration of how diverse commensal very young or very old or in those with and microbial ingression is limited by microbial communities resist exogenous underlying health problems. They usually gastric acid. Thus, it is not surprising that infection12–14 has had an enormous influence affect the lung parenchyma (pneumonia), lung infections commonly affect human on understanding and treating bowel the airways of the lung (bronchitis) or health. In the United Kingdom alone, diseases15, and it is timely now to reconsider both (bronchopneumonia) (FIG. 1). Less 16 million patients of the National Health received wisdom for the management of frequently, infections can spread to the Service are treated with antibiotics each year lung infections. Accessing the lower airways linings of the lung, causing pleurisy and for respiratory tract infections that include for routine microbial analyses typically empyema. CAP differs from hospital- 260,000 episodes of community-acquired involves invasive procedures such as acquired pneumonia (HAP) and pneumonia (CAP)6. Antibiotic prescription fibre-optic bronchoscopy. These practical ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), rates are higher in many other European difficulties, and the low priority given which occur in patients who are sick or countries than in the United Kingdom7. to non-HIV lung disease by the Human immunocompromised and result in high In the United States, acute lung infection Microbiome Project (HMP), mean that the morbidity, mortality and costs18. in the presence of underlying chronic technological and analytical advances of In contrast to acute infections, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the HMP have been sparsely applied to the lung infections are typically a consequence the most common reason for administering airways and the lung. of underlying disease. For example, antimicrobial therapy to adults; this clinical In this Opinion article, we review the bronchiectasis describes dilations in the setting plays a substantial role in driving most common pulmonary infective agents, thoracic airways (FIG. 1), which can be antimicrobial resistance8. with an emphasis on bacterial pathogens caused by tuberculosis, scarring after NATURE REVIEWS | MICROBIOLOGY VOLUME 16 | FEBRUARY 2018 | 111 ©2017 Mac millan Publishers Li mited, part of Spri nger Nature. All ri ghts reserved. PERSPECTIVES Tuberculosis Lobar pneumonia inflammation that causes wheezing and Chronic cavitating Alveolar consolidation: lung infections Gram-positive cocci (S. pneumoniae) shortness of breath. Notably, asthma with abundant affects 250–300 million individuals of all acid-fast bacilli ages, races and ethnicities globally, and (M. tuberculosis) its prevalence is increasing alarmingly in the developing world21. Urbanization, with the loss of the microbial environment Bronchopneumonia Healthy from traditional rural lifestyles, strongly Inflammation in airways airway 22 and parenchyma: increases susceptibility to disease . Gram-negative rods Exacerbations are often triggered by viral (H. influenzae) infections23. Asthmatic airways typically Commensal contain considerable numbers of bacterial bacteria pathogens24–28 (FIG. 1) and may also carry as yet unexplored fungi. However, a causal link between these organisms and disease is yet to be established. Bronchiectasis Abnormal dilated airways full of The microbiota of healthy lungs secretions and Pulmonary infections with pathogens polymicrobial infections take place in the presence of commensal lower-airway microbial communities (the microbiota; reviewed in REF. 29). In brief, the sequencing of variable regions of the 16S Mucus rRNA gene has shown that healthy airways contain in the region of 100 operational taxonomic units (OTUs; as defined by Empyema Airway disease sequence similarity), which are dominated Infection in the Chronic dominance of pathogens by the Firmicutes (primarily Streptococcus pleural space: in asthmatic and COPD airways: spp. and Veillonella spp. OTUs) but also (S. pneumoniae Gram-negative Protebacteria and M. tuberculosis) (Haemophilus spp., Neisseria spp. contain Bacteroidetes (mostly Prevotella and Moraxella spp.) spp.), Fusobacteria, Actinobacteria and 10,24–28 Figure 1 | Pulmonary infections associated with bacterial pathogens. The airways and lung can Proteobacteria . Many of these OTUs may represent facultative anaerobes that are be affected in a number of different ways by bacterial infection, as shownNature clockwise Reviews | Microbiologystarting from the top right: lobar pneumonia affects a whole lobe of the lung and may spill into the surrounding recalcitrant to routine culture. The limited pleura (two thin layers of tissue that protect the lungs and allow them to move during breathing). number of phyla and the consistency of the Lobar pneumonia is typically caused by Gram-positive short chains of Streptococcus pneumoniae. oropharyngeal and lower-airway microbiota Bronchopneumonia is centred in the bronchial tree and spreads into adjoining lung tissues; it is most between multiple individuals and across commonly caused by the Gram-negative rods of Haemophilus influenzae. Asthma and chronic studies10,30–32 indicate that the airways are obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are diseases of the small airways, characterized by over- not simply passive recipients of inhaled growth of Proteobacteria (such as H. influenzae and Neisseria spp.) and the loss of normal commensal microbiota and provide strong evidence for species. Empyema is an infection of the pleural space and is most commonly caused by S. pneumo- host selection. These microbial communities niae. The chronic lung diseases bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis are associated with chronic resist- 30 ant infections with abnormal bronchial morphology; these infections are caused by H. influenzae, are present in infants , and airways seem S. pneumoniae and opportunistic pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus (a Gram-positive coccus) likely to be colonized in a way similar to and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (a Gram-negative flagellate bacillus). Mycobacterium tuberculosis other body surfaces33 during the weeks causes chronic consolidation
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Identification of Functional Lsrb-Like Autoinducer-2 Receptors
    Swarthmore College Works Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Works Chemistry & Biochemistry 11-15-2009 Identification Of unctionalF LsrB-Like Autoinducer-2 Receptors C. S. Pereira Anna Katherine De Regt , '09 P. H. Brito Stephen T. Miller Swarthmore College, [email protected] K. B. Xavier Follow this and additional works at: https://works.swarthmore.edu/fac-chemistry Part of the Biochemistry Commons Let us know how access to these works benefits ouy Recommended Citation C. S. Pereira; Anna Katherine De Regt , '09; P. H. Brito; Stephen T. Miller; and K. B. Xavier. (2009). "Identification Of unctionalF LsrB-Like Autoinducer-2 Receptors". Journal Of Bacteriology. Volume 191, Issue 22. 6975-6987. DOI: 10.1128/JB.00976-09 https://works.swarthmore.edu/fac-chemistry/52 This work is brought to you for free by Swarthmore College Libraries' Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Works by an authorized administrator of Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Identification of Functional LsrB-Like Autoinducer-2 Receptors Catarina S. Pereira, Anna K. de Regt, Patrícia H. Brito, Stephen T. Miller and Karina B. Xavier J. Bacteriol. 2009, 191(22):6975. DOI: 10.1128/JB.00976-09. Published Ahead of Print 11 September 2009. Downloaded from Updated information and services can be found at: http://jb.asm.org/content/191/22/6975 http://jb.asm.org/ These include: SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL Supplemental material REFERENCES This article cites 65 articles, 29 of which can be accessed free on September 10, 2014 by SWARTHMORE COLLEGE at: http://jb.asm.org/content/191/22/6975#ref-list-1 CONTENT ALERTS Receive: RSS Feeds, eTOCs, free email alerts (when new articles cite this article), more» Information about commercial reprint orders: http://journals.asm.org/site/misc/reprints.xhtml To subscribe to to another ASM Journal go to: http://journals.asm.org/site/subscriptions/ JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY, Nov.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of Environmental and Cultivable Antibiotic- Resistant Microbial Communities Associated with Wastewater Treatment
    antibiotics Article Characterization of Environmental and Cultivable Antibiotic- Resistant Microbial Communities Associated with Wastewater Treatment Alicia Sorgen 1, James Johnson 2, Kevin Lambirth 2, Sandra M. Clinton 3 , Molly Redmond 1 , Anthony Fodor 2 and Cynthia Gibas 2,* 1 Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; [email protected] (A.S.); [email protected] (M.R.) 2 Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; [email protected] (J.J.); [email protected] (K.L.); [email protected] (A.F.) 3 Department of Geography & Earth Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-704-687-8378 Abstract: Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a growing global concern, threatening human and environmental health, particularly among urban populations. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are thought to be “hotspots” for antibiotic resistance dissemination. The conditions of WWTPs, in conjunction with the persistence of commonly used antibiotics, may favor the selection and transfer of resistance genes among bacterial populations. WWTPs provide an important ecological niche to examine the spread of antibiotic resistance. We used heterotrophic plate count methods to identify Citation: Sorgen, A.; Johnson, J.; phenotypically resistant cultivable portions of these bacterial communities and characterized the Lambirth, K.; Clinton,
    [Show full text]
  • Bacterial Diversity and Functional Analysis of Severe Early Childhood
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Bacterial diversity and functional analysis of severe early childhood caries and recurrence in India Balakrishnan Kalpana1,3, Puniethaa Prabhu3, Ashaq Hussain Bhat3, Arunsaikiran Senthilkumar3, Raj Pranap Arun1, Sharath Asokan4, Sachin S. Gunthe2 & Rama S. Verma1,5* Dental caries is the most prevalent oral disease afecting nearly 70% of children in India and elsewhere. Micro-ecological niche based acidifcation due to dysbiosis in oral microbiome are crucial for caries onset and progression. Here we report the tooth bacteriome diversity compared in Indian children with caries free (CF), severe early childhood caries (SC) and recurrent caries (RC). High quality V3–V4 amplicon sequencing revealed that SC exhibited high bacterial diversity with unique combination and interrelationship. Gracillibacteria_GN02 and TM7 were unique in CF and SC respectively, while Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria were signifcantly high in RC. Interestingly, we found Streptococcus oralis subsp. tigurinus clade 071 in all groups with signifcant abundance in SC and RC. Positive correlation between low and high abundant bacteria as well as with TCS, PTS and ABC transporters were seen from co-occurrence network analysis. This could lead to persistence of SC niche resulting in RC. Comparative in vitro assessment of bioflm formation showed that the standard culture of S. oralis and its phylogenetically similar clinical isolates showed profound bioflm formation and augmented the growth and enhanced bioflm formation in S. mutans in both dual and multispecies cultures. Interaction among more than 700 species of microbiota under diferent micro-ecological niches of the human oral cavity1,2 acts as a primary defense against various pathogens. Tis has been observed to play a signifcant role in child’s oral and general health.
    [Show full text]
  • Wedding Higher Taxonomic Ranks with Metabolic Signatures Coded in Prokaryotic Genomes
    Wedding higher taxonomic ranks with metabolic signatures coded in prokaryotic genomes Gregorio Iraola*, Hugo Naya* Corresponding authors: E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] This PDF file includes: Supplementary Table 1 Supplementary Figures 1 to 4 Supplementary Methods SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES Supplementary Tab. 1 Supplementary Tab. 1. Full prediction for the set of 108 external genomes used as test. genome domain phylum class order family genus prediction alphaproteobacterium_LFTY0 Bacteria Proteobacteria Alphaproteobacteria Rhodobacterales Rhodobacteraceae Unknown candidatus_nasuia_deltocephalinicola_PUNC_CP013211 Bacteria Proteobacteria Gammaproteobacteria Unknown Unknown Unknown candidatus_sulcia_muelleri_PUNC_CP013212 Bacteria Bacteroidetes Flavobacteriia Flavobacteriales NA Candidatus Sulcia deinococcus_grandis_ATCC43672_BCMS0 Bacteria Deinococcus-Thermus Deinococci Deinococcales Deinococcaceae Deinococcus devosia_sp_H5989_CP011300 Bacteria Proteobacteria Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown micromonospora_RV43_LEKG0 Bacteria Actinobacteria Actinobacteria Micromonosporales Micromonosporaceae Micromonospora nitrosomonas_communis_Nm2_CP011451 Bacteria Proteobacteria Betaproteobacteria Nitrosomonadales Nitrosomonadaceae Unknown nocardia_seriolae_U1_BBYQ0 Bacteria Actinobacteria Actinobacteria Corynebacteriales Nocardiaceae Nocardia nocardiopsis_RV163_LEKI01 Bacteria Actinobacteria Actinobacteria Streptosporangiales Nocardiopsaceae Nocardiopsis oscillatoriales_cyanobacterium_MTP1_LNAA0 Bacteria Cyanobacteria NA Oscillatoriales
    [Show full text]
  • From Genotype to Phenotype: Inferring Relationships Between Microbial Traits and Genomic Components
    From genotype to phenotype: inferring relationships between microbial traits and genomic components Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakult¨at der Heinrich-Heine-Universit¨atD¨usseldorf vorgelegt von Aaron Weimann aus Oberhausen D¨usseldorf,29.08.16 aus dem Institut f¨urInformatik der Heinrich-Heine-Universit¨atD¨usseldorf Gedruckt mit der Genehmigung der Mathemathisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakult¨atder Heinrich-Heine-Universit¨atD¨usseldorf Referent: Prof. Dr. Alice C. McHardy Koreferent: Prof. Dr. Martin J. Lercher Tag der m¨undlichen Pr¨ufung: 24.02.17 Selbststandigkeitserkl¨ arung¨ Hiermit erkl¨areich, dass ich die vorliegende Dissertation eigenst¨andigund ohne fremde Hilfe angefertig habe. Arbeiten Dritter wurden entsprechend zitiert. Diese Dissertation wurde bisher in dieser oder ¨ahnlicher Form noch bei keiner anderen Institution eingereicht. Ich habe bisher keine erfolglosen Promotionsversuche un- ternommen. D¨usseldorf,den . ... ... ... (Aaron Weimann) Statement of authorship I hereby certify that this dissertation is the result of my own work. No other person's work has been used without due acknowledgement. This dissertation has not been submitted in the same or similar form to other institutions. I have not previously failed a doctoral examination procedure. Summary Bacteria live in almost any imaginable environment, from the most extreme envi- ronments (e.g. in hydrothermal vents) to the bovine and human gastrointestinal tract. By adapting to such diverse environments, they have developed a large arsenal of enzymes involved in a wide variety of biochemical reactions. While some such enzymes support our digestion or can be used for the optimization of biotechnological processes, others may be harmful { e.g. mediating the roles of bacteria in human diseases.
    [Show full text]
  • International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2016), 66, 5575–5599 DOI 10.1099/Ijsem.0.001485
    International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2016), 66, 5575–5599 DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.001485 Genome-based phylogeny and taxonomy of the ‘Enterobacteriales’: proposal for Enterobacterales ord. nov. divided into the families Enterobacteriaceae, Erwiniaceae fam. nov., Pectobacteriaceae fam. nov., Yersiniaceae fam. nov., Hafniaceae fam. nov., Morganellaceae fam. nov., and Budviciaceae fam. nov. Mobolaji Adeolu,† Seema Alnajar,† Sohail Naushad and Radhey S. Gupta Correspondence Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Radhey S. Gupta L8N 3Z5, Canada [email protected] Understanding of the phylogeny and interrelationships of the genera within the order ‘Enterobacteriales’ has proven difficult using the 16S rRNA gene and other single-gene or limited multi-gene approaches. In this work, we have completed comprehensive comparative genomic analyses of the members of the order ‘Enterobacteriales’ which includes phylogenetic reconstructions based on 1548 core proteins, 53 ribosomal proteins and four multilocus sequence analysis proteins, as well as examining the overall genome similarity amongst the members of this order. The results of these analyses all support the existence of seven distinct monophyletic groups of genera within the order ‘Enterobacteriales’. In parallel, our analyses of protein sequences from the ‘Enterobacteriales’ genomes have identified numerous molecular characteristics in the forms of conserved signature insertions/deletions, which are specifically shared by the members of the identified clades and independently support their monophyly and distinctness. Many of these groupings, either in part or in whole, have been recognized in previous evolutionary studies, but have not been consistently resolved as monophyletic entities in 16S rRNA gene trees. The work presented here represents the first comprehensive, genome- scale taxonomic analysis of the entirety of the order ‘Enterobacteriales’.
    [Show full text]
  • Dynamics and Stabilization of the Rumen Microbiome in Yearling
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Dynamics and stabilization of the rumen microbiome in yearling Tibetan sheep Lei Wang1,2,4, Ke Zhang3,4, Chenguang Zhang3, Yuzhe Feng1, Xiaowei Zhang1, Xiaolong Wang 3 & Guofang Wu1,2* The productivity of ruminants depends largely on rumen microbiota. However, there are few studies on the age-related succession of rumen microbial communities in grazing lambs. Here, we conducted 16 s rRNA gene sequencing for bacterial identifcation on rumen fuid samples from 27 Tibetan lambs at nine developmental stages (days (D) 0, 2, 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, and 360, n = 3). We observed that Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria populations were signifcantly changed during the growing lambs’ frst year of life. Bacteroidetes abundance increased from 18.9% on D0 to 53.9% on D360. On the other hand, Proteobacteria abundance decreased signifcantly from 40.8% on D0 to 5.9% on D360. Prevotella_1 established an absolute advantage in the rumen after 7 days of age. The co-occurrence network showed that the diferent microbial of the rumen presented a complex synergistic and cumbersome relationship. A phylogenetic tree was constructed, indicating that during the colonization process, may occur a phenomenon in which bacteria with close kinship are preferentially colonized. Overall, this study provides new insights into the colonization of bacterial communities in lambs that will beneft the development of management strategies to promote colonization of target communities to improve functional development. Rumen microbes are essential for ruminant health. Ruminants rely upon the action of microbial fermentation in the rumen to digest plant fbers and convert some nutrients that cannot be directly utilized into animal proteins for host utilization1.
    [Show full text]
  • Type of the Paper (Article
    Supplementary Materials S1 Clinical details recorded, Sampling, DNA Extraction of Microbial DNA, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, Bioinformatic pipeline, Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Clinical details recorded In addition to the microbial specimen, the following clinical features were also recorded for each patient: age, gender, infection type (primary or secondary, meaning initial or revision treatment), pain, tenderness to percussion, sinus tract and size of the periapical radiolucency, to determine the correlation between these features and microbial findings (Table 1). Prevalence of all clinical signs and symptoms (except periapical lesion size) were recorded on a binary scale [0 = absent, 1 = present], while the size of the radiolucency was measured in millimetres by two endodontic specialists on two- dimensional periapical radiographs (Planmeca Romexis, Coventry, UK). Sampling After anaesthesia, the tooth to be treated was isolated with a rubber dam (UnoDent, Essex, UK), and field decontamination was carried out before and after access opening, according to an established protocol, and shown to eliminate contaminating DNA (Data not shown). An access cavity was cut with a sterile bur under sterile saline irrigation (0.9% NaCl, Mölnlycke Health Care, Göteborg, Sweden), with contamination control samples taken. Root canal patency was assessed with a sterile K-file (Dentsply-Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland). For non-culture-based analysis, clinical samples were collected by inserting two paper points size 15 (Dentsply Sirona, USA) into the root canal. Each paper point was retained in the canal for 1 min with careful agitation, then was transferred to −80ºC storage immediately before further analysis. Cases of secondary endodontic treatment were sampled using the same protocol, with the exception that specimens were collected after removal of the coronal gutta-percha with Gates Glidden drills (Dentsply-Sirona, Switzerland).
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenomic and Molecular Demarcation of the Core Members of the Polyphyletic Pasteurellaceae Genera Actinobacillus, Haemophilus,Andpasteurella
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Genomics Volume 2015, Article ID 198560, 15 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/198560 Research Article Phylogenomic and Molecular Demarcation of the Core Members of the Polyphyletic Pasteurellaceae Genera Actinobacillus, Haemophilus,andPasteurella Sohail Naushad, Mobolaji Adeolu, Nisha Goel, Bijendra Khadka, Aqeel Al-Dahwi, and Radhey S. Gupta Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8N 3Z5 Correspondence should be addressed to Radhey S. Gupta; [email protected] Received 5 November 2014; Revised 19 January 2015; Accepted 26 January 2015 Academic Editor: John Parkinson Copyright © 2015 Sohail Naushad et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The genera Actinobacillus, Haemophilus, and Pasteurella exhibit extensive polyphyletic branching in phylogenetic trees and do not represent coherent clusters of species. In this study, we have utilized molecular signatures identified through comparative genomic analyses in conjunction with genome based and multilocus sequence based phylogenetic analyses to clarify the phylogenetic and taxonomic boundary of these genera. We have identified large clusters of Actinobacillus, Haemophilus, and Pasteurella species which represent the “sensu stricto” members of these genera. We have identified 3, 7, and 6 conserved signature indels (CSIs), which are specifically shared by sensu stricto members of Actinobacillus, Haemophilus, and Pasteurella, respectively. We have also identified two different sets of CSIs that are unique characteristics of the pathogen containing genera Aggregatibacter and Mannheimia, respectively. It is now possible to demarcate the genera Actinobacillus sensu stricto, Haemophilus sensu stricto, and Pasteurella sensu stricto on the basis of discrete molecular signatures.
    [Show full text]
  • สัตวแพทย์มหานครสาร Journal of Mahanakorn Veterinary Medicine
    บทความวิจัย สัตวแพทย์มหานครสาร JOURNAL OF MAHANAKORN VETERINARY MEDICINE Available online: www.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/jmvm/ การศึกษาจุลินทรีย์ประจ าถิ่นในช่องปากลูกม้าแรกเกิด ชรินทร จันทร์สวัสดิ์1 ธีรพล ชินกังสดาร1 และดานัย แสงทอง2,# 1สาขาวิชาคลินิก คณะสัตวแพทยศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีมหานครกรุงเทพมหานคร 10530 2 สาขาวิชาสัตวบาลและพื้นฐานวิชาชีพ คณะสัตวแพทยศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีมหานครกรุงเทพมหานคร 10530 บทคัดย่อ: โรคภายในช่องปากของม้ามักเป็นสาเหตุหลักของปัญหาที่ส่งผลต่อสุขภาพของม้า เช่น น้้าหนักและ ความสามารถของม้าที่ลดลงเนื่องจากไม่สามารถกินอาหารได้ ในมนุษย์ สุนัข และแมวนั้นมีการศึกษาเกี่ยวกับ จุลินทรีย์ในช่องปากมากมาย แต่ในทางตรงกันข้ามการศึกษาจุลินทรีย์ในช่องปากของม้านั้นกลับมีข้อมูลเพียงเล็กน้อย โดยเฉพาะจุลินทรีย์ในช่องปากของลูกม้าแรกเกิดที่ได้กินเพียงน้้านมที่มีน้้าตาลในปริมาณมากกลับยังไม่เคยมีผู้ท้า การศึกษา ดังนั้นจุดประสงค์ของการศึกษานี้คือ เพื่อศึกษาความหลากหลายทางพันธุกรรมของจุลินทรีย์ในช่องปากม้า แรกเกิดด้วยเทคโนโลยี 16s rRNA next-generation sequencing โดยท้าการเก็บตัวอย่างจากคราบจุลินทรีย์ที่ บริเวณรากฟันใต้เหงือก (subgingival plaque) ของลูกม้าแรกเกิดที่ได้รับการดูแลภายใต้สิ่งแวดล้อมและการจัดการ เดียวกันเพื่อน้ามาวิเคราะห์ชนิดและความหลากหลายของจุลินทรีย์ประจ้าถิ่น ซึ่งได้ผลจากการวิเคราะห์ได้หน่วย อนุกรมวิธาน (Operational Taxonomic Unit, OTUs) ของจุลินทรีย์ในช่องปากของลูกม้าแรกเกิดจ้านวนทั้งหมด 2,017 OTUs ผลจากการวิเคราะห์ทางด้านอนุกรมวิธานสามารถแบ่งจุลินทรีย์ในช่องปากของลูกม้าออกได้เป็นไฟลัม ใหญ่ 4 ไฟลัม คือ Proteobacteria (77.74%) Firmicutes (20.98%) Acidobacteria (1.19%) และ Bacteroidetes (0.09%) โดยในทุกตัวอย่างนั้นพบจุลินทรีย์ในแฟมมิลี่
    [Show full text]
  • Rich Repertoire of Quorum Sensing Protein Coding Sequences in CPR
    Rich Repertoire of Quorum Sensing Protein Coding Sequences in CPR and DPANN Associated with Interspecies and Interkingdom Communication Charles Bernard, Romain Lannes, Yanyan Li, Éric Bapteste, Philippe Lopez To cite this version: Charles Bernard, Romain Lannes, Yanyan Li, Éric Bapteste, Philippe Lopez. Rich Repertoire of Quorum Sensing Protein Coding Sequences in CPR and DPANN Associated with Interspecies and Interkingdom Communication. mSystems, 2020, 5 (5), 10.1128/mSystems.00414-20. hal-02967400 HAL Id: hal-02967400 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02967400 Submitted on 14 Oct 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. RESEARCH ARTICLE Ecological and Evolutionary Science crossm Rich Repertoire of Quorum Sensing Protein Coding Sequences in CPR and DPANN Associated with Interspecies and Interkingdom Communication Downloaded from Charles Bernard,a,b Romain Lannes,a* Yanyan Li,b Éric Bapteste,a Philippe Lopeza aInstitut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France bUnité Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes (MCAM), CNRS, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France ABSTRACT The bacterial candidate phyla radiation (CPR) and the archaeal DPANN superphylum are two novel lineages that have substantially expanded the tree of life due to their large phylogenetic diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Lipoquinones in Members of the Family Pasteurellaceae R
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATICBACTERIOLOGY, July 1989, p. 304-308 Vol. 39. No. 3 0020-7713/89/030304-05$02.00/0 Copyright 0 1989, International Union of Microbiological Societies Lipoquinones in Members of the Family Pasteurellaceae R. M. KROPPENSTEDT’ AND W. MANNHEIM2* Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen, 0-3300 Braunschweig,’ and Institut fur Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Philipps- Universitdt, Pilgrimstein 2, 0-3550Marburg,2 Federal Republic. of Germany Selected members of the family Pasteurellaceae Pohll981 were investigated for their lipoquinone contents by using high-performance liquid chromatography. In addition to ubiquinones and demethylmenaquinones, menaquinones (MK-7 or MK-8 or both) were detected, mostly as minor naphthoquinone components, in several Actinobacillus, Pasteurella, and related species. Previous studies that relied on difference spectropho- tometry and thin-layer chromatographydid not identify menaquinone components in lipid extracts of members of the Pasteurellaceae. The view that this family can be differentiated from the Enterobacteriaceae and other fermenting gram-negative bacteria by a lack of menaquinones cannot be maintained. Although the situation seems to be more complex than previously recognized, the distribution patterns of lipoquinone structural types and their isoprenologs appear to remain a valuable chemotaxonomic tool for these bacteria. Isoprenoid quinones are essential mediators of phosphor- lone et al. (2) reported the presence of both menaquinones ylating electron transport in respiring membranes of many and demethylmenaquinones in Huemophilus ducreyi and procaryotes and eucaryotic organelles. They are associated questioned the inclusion of this species in the family Pas- with respiratory functions and are present in micromolar teurellaceae . amounts per gram of cellular protein, with considerable In this paper we present evidence that by performing variation depending on environmental conditions (9, 12, 14, HPLC analyses of samples containing at least 100 mg of 15, 19).
    [Show full text]