Intrepid Potash, Inc. (IPI)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Intrepid Potash, Inc. (IPI) Intrepid Potash, Inc. (IPI) 10-K Annual report pursuant to section 13 and 15(d) Filed on 02/16/2012 Filed Period 12/31/2011 Table of Contents UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 _______________________________________________________ FORM 10-K _______________________________________________________ x Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011 or ¨ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Commission File Number: 001-34025 INTREPID POTASH, INC. (Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter) Delaware 26-1501877 (State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer incorporation or organization) Identification No.) 707 17th Street, Suite 4200, Denver, Colorado 80202 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) (303) 296-3006 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share New York Stock Exchange Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes x No ¨ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No x Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files.) Yes x No ¨ Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of the Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. x Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer x Accelerated filer ¨ Non-accelerated filer ¨ Smaller reporting company ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x The aggregate market value of 52,443,434 shares of voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based upon the closing sale price of the common stock on June 30, 2011, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, of $32.50 per share as reported on the New York Stock Exchange was $1,704,411,605. Shares of common stock held by each director and executive officer and by each person who owns 10 percent or more of the outstanding common stock or who is otherwise believed by the registrant to be in a control position have been excluded. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes. As of January 31, 2012, the registrant had 75,207,533 shares of common stock, par value $0.001, outstanding. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Certain information required by Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of Part III is incorporated by reference from portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement relating to its 2012 annual meeting of stockholders to be filed within 120 days after December 31, 2011. Table of Contents INTREPID POTASH, INC. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PART I 1 Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements 1 Item 1. Business 2 General 2 Company History 2 Our Products and Markets 3 Industry Overview 4 Competition 5 Strategy 5 Competitive Strengths 6 International Marketing and Distribution 7 Major Customers 7 Environmental, Health and Safety Matters 8 Product Registration Requirements 8 Operating Requirements and Government Regulations 8 Reclamation Obligations 10 Taxes and Insurance 10 Seasonality 11 Employees 11 Available Information 11 Glossary of Terms 11 Executive Officers 13 Item 1A. Risk Factors 14 Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments 26 Item 2. Properties 26 Properties 26 Proven and Probable Reserves 31 Production 33 Item 3. Legal Proceedings 35 Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 35 PART II 37 Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity 37 Securities Item 6. Selected Financial Data 40 Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 41 Overview 41 Recent Events and Market Trends 41 Outlook for 201 2 49 Liquidity and Capital Resources 50 Results of Operations for the Years ended December 31, 2011, and 2010 53 Results of Operations for the Year ended December 31, 2010, and 2009 55 Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates 57 Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 59 Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 60 Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure 60 Item 9A. Controls and Procedures 60 i Table of Contents Item 9B. Other Information 61 PART III 62 Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance 62 Item 11. Executive Compensation 62 Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters 62 Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence 62 Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services 62 PART IV 63 Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules 63 Signatures 66 Exhibits ii Table of Contents PART I Unless expressly stated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, when used throughout this Annual Report on Form 10-K: • "Intrepid," "our," "we," or "us" refers to Intrepid Potash, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries; • “Mining” refers to Intrepid Mining LLC; • “Moab,” “NM,” and “Wendover” refer to Intrepid Potash—Moab, LLC, Intrepid Potash—New Mexico, LLC, and Intrepid Potash— Wendover, LLC, respectively, our principal operating subsidiaries; • “West,” “East,” “North,” and “HB” refer to our mines, facilities, and mills near Carlsbad, New Mexico; and • “tons” refers to short tons. One short ton equals 2,000 pounds. One metric tonne, which many of our international competitors use, equals 1,000 kilograms or 2,205 pounds. We have included technical terms important to an understanding of our business under “Glossary of Terms.” CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), which are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. All statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, other than statements of historical fact, are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are made pursuant to safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The forward-looking statements include statements, among other things, concerning our business strategy, including anticipated trends and developments in and management plans for our business and the markets in which we operate; future financial results, operating results, revenues, gross margin, cost of goods sold, operating expenses, products, projected costs and capital expenditures; sales; and competition. In some cases, you can identify these statements by forward-looking words, such as “estimate,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “plan,” “intend,” “believe,” “forecast,” “foresee,” “likely,” “may,” “should,” “goal,” “target,” “might,” “will,” “could,” “predict” and “continue,” the negative or plural of these words and other comparable terminology. Forward-looking statements are only predictions based on our current expectations and our projections about future events. All forward-looking statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are based upon information available to us as of the filing date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements, except as required by law. These forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these statements. These risks and uncertainties include: • changes in the price of potash or Trio®; • operational difficulties at our facilities that limit production of our products; • interruptions in rail or truck transportation services; • the ability to hire and retain qualified
Recommended publications
  • Nabokoite Cu7(Te4+O4)
    4+ Nabokoite Cu7(Te O4)(SO4)5 • KCl c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Tetragonal. Point Group: 4/m 2/m 2/m. Crystals are thin tabular on {001}, to 1 mm, showing {001}, {110}, {102}, {014}, in banded intergrowth with atlasovite. Physical Properties: Cleavage: Perfect on {001}. Hardness = 2–2.5 D(meas.) = 4.18(5) D(calc.) = 3.974 Optical Properties: Transparent. Color: Pale yellow-brown, yellow-brown. Streak: Yellow- brown. Luster: Vitreous. Optical Class: Uniaxial (–). ω = 1.778(3) = 1.773(3) Cell Data: Space Group: P 4/ncc. a = 9.833(1) c = 20.591(2) Z = 4 X-ray Powder Pattern: Tolbachik volcano, Russia. 10.35 (10), 2.439 (7), 3.421 (6), 2.881 (5), 4.57 (4), 3.56 (4), 1.972 (4) Chemistry: (1) (2) SO3 33.66 33.60 TeO2 13.78 13.40 V2O3 0.07 Bi2O3 0.49 Fe2O3 0.09 CuO 45.25 46.74 ZnO 1.26 PbO 0.28 K2O 3.94 3.95 Cs2O 0.11 Cl 2.92 2.98 −O=Cl2 0.66 0.67 Total 101.19 100.00 (1) Tolbachik volcano, Russia; by electron microprobe, corresponds to (Cu6.74Zn0.18)Σ=6.92 (Te1.02Bi0.02Pb0.01Fe0.01V0.01)Σ=1.07O4.10(SO4)4.98Cl0.98. (2) KCu7(TeO4)(SO4)5Cl. Polymorphism & Series: Forms a series with atlasovite. Occurrence: A rare sublimate formed in a volcanic fumarole. Association: Atlasovite, chalcocyanite, dolerophanite, chloroxiphite, euchlorine, piypite, atacamite, alarsite, fedotovite, lammerite, klyuchevskite, anglesite, langbeinite, hematite, tenorite. Distribution: From the Tolbachik fissure volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia.
    [Show full text]
  • PSC Technical Advisory Panel Report.Pdf
    National Organic Standards Board Technical Advisory Panel Review compiled by University of California Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program (UC SAREP) for the USDA National Organic Program Potassium Sulfate for use in crop production Executive Summary1 The following petition is under consideration with respect to NOP regulations subpart G, governing the inclusion of substances on the National List of Allowed and Prohibited Substances: Petitioned: Addition of potassium sulfate to section 205.601(j), “Synthetic substances allowed for use in organic crop production as plant or soil amendments.” Potassium sulfate is a source of highly soluble potassium, and has the additional benefit of supplying sulfur. It is used in agricultural production systems where potassium is a limiting nutrient and also as a substitute for potassium chloride on chloride- sensitive crops. The NOP has no prior ruling on the use of the substance. The nature of the petitioned substance is highly debatable. Naturally occurring potassium sulfate is not subject to the TAP review process because “naturally-occurring” substances are implicitly allowed for use in organics. The intended sourcing of the petitioned form of potassium sulfate, however, brings into question the interpretive distinctions between a “synthetic” and a “non-synthetic” under organic law. According to the petitioner, the product “should not be treated differently than product produced from natural brines” since it is produced from naturally occurring minerals. The crux of the decision to grant the petition rests on how one chooses to interpret this equivalency claim. All TAP reviewers agreed that the petitioned substance should be considered synthetic. In general, the reviewers also agreed that it should be restricted as a soil adjuvant.
    [Show full text]
  • Cesiodymite Cskcu5o(SO4)5
    Cesiodymite CsKCu5O(SO4)5 Crystal Data: Triclinic. Point Group: 1. As crude prismatic to thick tabular crystals or irregular grains to 0.3 mm and in open-work aggregates to 0.5 mm. Physical Properties: Cleavage: None. Fracture: Uneven. Tenacity: Brittle. Hardness = ~3 D(meas.) = n.d. D(calc.) = 3.593 Water soluble and hydroscopic. Visually not distinguishable from cryptochalcite. Optical Properties: Transparent to translucent. Color: Light green to green, occasionally with a yellowish hue. Streak: Pale green. Luster: Vitreous. Optical Class: Biaxial (-). α = 1.61(1) β = 1.627(4) γ = 1.635(4) 2V(meas.) = 70(10)° 2V(calc.) = 68° Pleochroism: Distinct, Z = bright green, Y = green with a weak yellowish hue, X = pale green to almost colorless. Absorption: Z > Y > X. Cell Data: Space Group: P1. a = 10.0682(4) b = 12.7860(7) c = 14.5486(8) α = 102.038(5)° β = 100.847(4)° γ = 89.956(4)° Z = 4 X-ray Powder Pattern: Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. 3.946 (100), 6.95 (54), 3.188 (50), 3.404 (39), 3.765 (37), 2.681 (31), 3.104 (28) Chemistry: (1) Na2O - K2O 5.47 Rb2O 1.55 Cs2O 10.48 MgO - CuO 29.91 ZnO 11.05 SO3 40.74 Total 99.20 (1) Arsenatnaya fumarole, Second scoria cone, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia; average of 5 electron microprobe analyses supplemented by Raman spectroscopy; corresponds to (K1.14Cs0.73Rb0.16)Σ=2.03(Cu3.69Zn1.33)Σ=5.02S4.99O21. Polymorphism & Series: Forms a solid-solution series with cryptochalcite. Occurrence: As sublimates on basaltic scoria near a volcanic fumarole (>350-400 °C.).
    [Show full text]
  • STRONG and WEAK INTERLAYER INTERACTIONS of TWO-DIMENSIONAL MATERIALS and THEIR ASSEMBLIES Tyler William Farnsworth a Dissertati
    STRONG AND WEAK INTERLAYER INTERACTIONS OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL MATERIALS AND THEIR ASSEMBLIES Tyler William Farnsworth A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Chemistry. Chapel Hill 2018 Approved by: Scott C. Warren James F. Cahoon Wei You Joanna M. Atkin Matthew K. Brennaman © 2018 Tyler William Farnsworth ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Tyler William Farnsworth: Strong and weak interlayer interactions of two-dimensional materials and their assemblies (Under the direction of Scott C. Warren) The ability to control the properties of a macroscopic material through systematic modification of its component parts is a central theme in materials science. This concept is exemplified by the assembly of quantum dots into 3D solids, but the application of similar design principles to other quantum-confined systems, namely 2D materials, remains largely unexplored. Here I demonstrate that solution-processed 2D semiconductors retain their quantum-confined properties even when assembled into electrically conductive, thick films. Structural investigations show how this behavior is caused by turbostratic disorder and interlayer adsorbates, which weaken interlayer interactions and allow access to a quantum- confined but electronically coupled state. I generalize these findings to use a variety of 2D building blocks to create electrically conductive 3D solids with virtually any band gap. I next introduce a strategy for discovering new 2D materials. Previous efforts to identify novel 2D materials were limited to van der Waals layered materials, but I demonstrate that layered crystals with strong interlayer interactions can be exfoliated into few-layer or monolayer materials.
    [Show full text]
  • Experimental Drill Hole Logging in Potash Deposits Op the Cablsbad District, Hew Mexico
    EXPERIMENTAL DRILL HOLE LOGGING IN POTASH DEPOSITS OP THE CABLSBAD DISTRICT, HEW MEXICO By C. L. Jones, C. G. Bovles, and K. G. Bell U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY This report is preliminary and has not been edited or Released to open, files reviewed for conformity to Geological Survey standards or nomenclature. COHTEUTS Page Abstract i Introduction y 2 Geology . .. .. .....-*. k Equipment 7 Drill hole data . - ...... .... ..-. - 8 Supplementary tests 10 Gamma-ray logs -T 11 Grade and thidmess estimates from gamma-ray logs Ik Neutron logs 15 Electrical resistivity logs 18 Literature cited . ........... ........ 21 ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1. Generalized columnar section and radioactivity log of potassium-bearing rocks 2. Abridged gamma-ray logs recorded by commercial All companies and the U. S. Geological Survey figures 3« Lithologic, gamma-ray, neutron, and electrical resistivity logs ................. are in k. Abridged gamma-ray and graphic logs of a potash envelope deposit at end of 5« Lithologic interpretations derived from gamma-ray and electrical resistivity logs - ...... report. TABLE Table 1. Summary of drill hole data 9 EXPERIMENTAL DRILL HOLE LOGGING Iff POTASH DEPOSITS OP THE CARISBAD DISTRICT, HEW MEXICO By C. L. Jones, C. G. Bowles, and K. G>. Bell ABSTRACT Experimental logging of holes drilled through potash deposits in the Carlsbad district, southeastern Hew Mexico, demonstrate the consider­ able utility of gamma-ray, neutron, and electrical resistivity logging in the search for and identification of mineable deposits of sylvite and langbeinite. Such deposits are strongly radioactive with both gamma-ray and neutron well logging. Their radioactivity serves to distinguish them from clay stone, sandstone, and polyhalite beds and from potash deposits containing carnallite, leonite, and kainite.
    [Show full text]
  • ∑ Information Patterns of Point Groups of Symmetry
    Crystallography Reports, Vol. 46, No. 1, 2001, pp. 1–3. Translated from Kristallografiya, Vol. 46, No. 1, 2001, pp. 7–9. Original Russian Text Copyright © 2001 by Budnikov, Pitirimov, Soldatov, Chuprunov. CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC SYMMETRY Information Patterns of Point Groups of Symmetry N. S. Budnikov, A. V. Pitirimov, E. A. Soldatov, and E. V. Chuprunov Nizhni Novgorod State University, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia e-mail: [email protected] Received March 22, 1999 Abstract—An algorithm for calculating information entropy of regular point systems in crystallographic point groups has been described. The information patterns visualizing the information properties of the groups are described. © 2001 MAIK “Nauka/Interperiodica”. Traditionally, the structures of various materials are system of weighted points [2, 3]: described by geometric images with the aid of various (),, (),, polyhedra, spheres, sets of points, etc. Such a descrip- SfR=–∑ ij Zi Zj ln fRij Zi Zj .(2) tion makes the basis of the geometric method for repre- ij, senting the atomic structures of condensed media. Here, f(Rij, Zi, Zj) = fij is a nonnegative monotonic func- However, the geometric description is far from being tion of interpoint distances and point weights. The val- complete and can be used as a basis for studying the ues of this function can be interpreted as the probabili- relation between the structures of materials and their ties of certain (generally speaking, quite abstract) tran- physical properties only in some cases. In most sitions between the points i and j. The concrete form of instances, the geometric characteristics of atomic struc- this function depends on the physics of the problem to tures should be combined with the energy, entropy, and be solved.
    [Show full text]
  • Conversion of Langbeinite and Kieserite in Schoenite With
    ineering ng & E P l r a o c i c e m s e s Journal of h T C e f c h o Artus and Kostiv, J Chem Eng Process Technol 2015, 6:2 l ISSN: 2157-7048 n a o n l o r g u y o J Chemical Engineering & Process Technology DOI: 10.4172/2157-7048.1000225 Research Article Article OpenOpen Access Access Conversion of Langbeinite and Kieserite in Schoenite With Mirabilite and Sylvite in Water and Schoenite Solution Mariia Artus1* and Ivan Kostiv2 1Precarpathian National University named after V. Stephanyk 57, Shevchenko str., 76025 Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine 2State Enterprise Scientific-Research Gallurgi Institute 5a, Fabrychna str., 77300 Kalush, Ukraine Abstract The hydration of soluble Langbeinite and kieserite was investigated in the presence of potassium chloride and sodium sulfate. The addition of sodium sulfate affects water activity less than in the case of clean water. Therefore, we have conducted a research by adding water instead of schoenite solution. According to the results, hydration of Langbeinite by adding sodium sulfate in the first 240 hours occurs more intensively than without sodium sulfate with formation of a readily soluble schoenite and halite. Keywords: Langbeinite; Kieserite; Conversion ; Sodium sulfate; residue of hardly soluble langbeinite, kieserite and polyhalite, its drying Schoenite solution with obtaining potassium-magnesium concentrate, containing K2O - 20,4%, MgO – 16,0% and Cl - less than 1%. The solution after the Introduction stage of dissolution of ore is illuminated, evaporated, separated at first sodium chloride and then schoenite [5]. The polymineral potassium-magnesium ores contain both readily soluble minerals: kainite (KCl·MgSO4·3H2O), sylvite (KCl), halite During processing of kieserite hartzalts of Germany, containing (NaCl) as well as hardly soluble: langbeinite (K2SO4·2MgSO4), polyhalite 17-28% of kieserite, crushed ore is subjected to hot dissolution (K2SO4·MgSO4·2СаSO4·2H2O), kieserite (MgSO4·H2O).
    [Show full text]
  • Dating of Polyhalite and Langbeinite: Preliminary Results from German Zechstein
    Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 15, EGU2013-8385-1, 2013 EGU General Assembly 2013 © Author(s) 2013. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Dating of polyhalite and langbeinite: preliminary results from German Zechstein Franz Neubauer, Anja Schorn, Christoph Leitner, and Johann Genser University of Salzburg, Department of Geography and Geology, Salzburg, Austria ([email protected]) Evaporite mélanges often form decollément surfaces of major extensional and contractional allochthons because of the very low shear resistance of halite. Due to the deposition of evaporites during an early stage of passive continental margin formation, evaporites are commonly overlain by thick successions of carbonates and/or sili- ciclastic rocks deposited during the main thermal subsidence stage of the passive margin formation. The most common cases of evaporite mélanges are such (1) at passive continental margins, where they are deformed during gravity-driven extension, commonly raft tectonics, in an extensional geodynamic setting, (2) in external foreland fold-thrust belts within a convergent geodynamic setting, and (3) in salt diapirs. In all these cases, halite is strongly deformed by late-stage deformation and only sulphate lenses composed of anhydrite and gypsum preserve early deformational stages. Dating of K-sulphates may allow the recognition of early stages of deformation although this method is poorly applied (Renne et al., 2001). Knowledge of the limitations of K-sulphate chronometers of langbeinite and polyhalite may allow, therefore, dating of full history of evaporite mélanges (for polyhalite, see Leitner et al., 2012). Polyhalite has the chemical formula [K2Ca2Mg(SO4)4·2 H2O] and commonly occurs in sedimentary evaporite successions. The mineral can be synthesised under laboratory conditions by a reaction of gypsum with appropriate solutions in the ternary system K2SO4–MgSO4–H2O at temperatures above 70 ˚C (Freyer and Voigt, 2003).
    [Show full text]
  • POTASH by James P
    POTASH By James P. Searls Domestic survey data and tables were prepared by Joseph M. Krisanda, statistical assistant, and the world production table was prepared by Linder Roberts, international data coordinator. Potash is used primarily as an agricultural fertilizer (plant and potassium-magnesium sulfate [K2SO4•2MgSO4 or langbeinite or nutrient) because it is a source of soluble potassium, one of double sulfate of potash magnesia (SOPM or K-Mag)]. Muriate of the three primary plant nutrients required for plant growth and potash (MOP) is an agriculturally acceptable mix of KCl (95% pure maturation (the others are fixed nitrogen and soluble phosphorus). or greater) and sodium chloride (halite) for fertilizer use that includes Potash and phosphorus are mined products, and fixed nitrogen minor amounts of other nontoxic minerals from the mined ore and is is produced from the atmosphere by using industrial processes. neither the crude ore sylvinite nor pure sylvite. Modern agricultural practice uses large amounts of these primary This publication has historically included potassium nitrate nutrients plus additional nutrients, such as boron, calcium, chlorine, [KNO3 or saltpeter or nitrate of potash (NOP), a mostly copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, sulfur, and manufactured product] and mixed sodium-potassium nitrate zinc, to ensure plant health and proper maturation. The three major (NaNO3 + KNO3 or Chilean saltpeter, a natural product) because plant nutrients have no cost-effective substitutes. Low-nutrient- it functions as a potassic plus nitrogenous fertilizer. Saltpeter and content alternative sources, such as animal manure and guano, bone Chilean saltpeter are still noted in the import tables (tables 8, 9).
    [Show full text]
  • Data of Geochemistry
    Data of Geochemistry * Chapter Y. Marine Evaporites GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 440-Y Data of Geochemistry ' MICHAEL FLEISCHER, Technical Editor Chapter Y. Marine Evaporites By FREDERICK H. STEWART GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 440-Y UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1963 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director REPRINTED 1964 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C., 20402 - Price 60 cents (paper cover) DATA OF GEOCHEMISTRY, SIXTH EDITION Michael Fleischer, Technical Editor The first edition of the Data of Geochemistry, by F. W. Clarke, was published in 1908 as U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 330. Later editions, also by Clarke, were published in 1911, 1916, 1920, and 1924 as Bulletins 491, 616, 695, and 770. This, the sixth edition, has been written by several scientists in the Geological Survey and in other institutions in the United States and abroad, each preparing a chapter on his special field. The current edition is being published in individual chapters, titles of which are listed below. Chapters already published are indicated by boldface. CHAPTER A. The chemical elements B. Cosmochemistry C. Internal structure and composition of the Earth D. Composition of the earth's crust E. Chemistry of the atmosphere F. Chemical composition of subsurface waters, by Donald E. White, John D. Hem, and G. A. Waring G. Chemical composition of rivers and lakes, by Daniel A. Livingstone H. Chemistry of the oceans I. Geochemistry of the biosphere J. Chemistry of rock-forming minerals K. Volcanic emanations, by Donald E.
    [Show full text]
  • Phosphors Based on Phosphates of Nazr2(PO4)3 and Langbeinite Structural Families A
    ISSN 2079-9780, Review Journal of Chemistry, 2018, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 1–33. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2018 Phosphors Based on Phosphates of NaZr2(PO4)3 and Langbeinite Structural Families A. E. Kanunova,* and A. I. Orlovab a Russian Federal Nuclear Center, All-Russia Research Institute of Experimental Physics, Sarov, Nizhny Novgorod oblast, 607188 Russia b Lobachevsky State University, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Abstract—The review covers aspects of modeling the composition and luminescent properties of phos- phates of NaZr2(PO4)3 (NZP) and langbeinite structural families. Based on the analysis of phosphates structure, a plausible algorithm of the use of crystal chemistry data for modeling compositions, struc- ture, and properties of new compounds is proposed. The following properties determined by require- ments to materials for the chosen purposes are studied: behavior on heating and in water systems, luminescence, and biocompatibility. Prospects for the use of such data for solving various problems of materials science, LED technologies, bioimaging, and X-ray induced photodynamic therapy of onco- logical diseases are shown. Keywords: phosphates, lanthanides, structural type, NaZr2(PO4)3, NZP, langbeinite, phosphors, LED technologies, bioimaging, X-ray induced photodynamic therapy DOI: 10.1134/S207997801801003X Table of contents 1. Introduction 1.1. Phosphate Phosphors for LED Technologies 1.2. Inorganic Phosphors for Intracellular Bioimaging 1.3. Inorganic Phosphors for X-ray Induced Photodynamic Therapy of oncological Diseases 2. NaZr2(PO4)3 and Langbeinite Structural Families 2.1. NZP Family 2.2. Lb Family 2.3. Crystal Chemistry Approach in the Design of New Phosphate Phosphors.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaporite Geology of Fifth Ore Zone Carlsbad District Southeastern New Mexico
    Evaporite Geology of Fifth Ore Zone Carlsbad District Southeastern New Mexico GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1252-B Evaporite Geology of Fifth Ore Zone Carlsbad District Southeastern New Mexico By CHARLES L. JONES and BETH M. MADSEN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1252-B A study of complex evaporite stratigraphy and potash occurrences UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1968 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 CONTENTS Page Abstract _____________________________ 1 Introduction _____________________________________ 1 Purpose and scope ______________________________ 1 Area of investigation ____________________________ 2 Method of study and presentation ___________________ 2 Acknowledgments _____________________________ 6 Previous work _______________________________ 6 Synopsis of evaporite geology __________________________ 7 Geology of Fifth ore zone _________________________ 10 Stratigraphy _______________________________. 10 Lithology ______________________________ _. 12 Internal structure _________________________. 14 Thickness _______________________________. 15 Stratigraphic relations ______________________. 15 Potash occurrences __________________________. 16 Massive deposits ____________________________. 16 Disseminated deposits ____________________. 39 References cited ________________________________. 20 ILLUSTRATIONS
    [Show full text]