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The Planetary Report A Publication of THEPLANETA SOCIETY o o o • o -e o o Board of Directors CARL SAGAN NORMAN R. AUGUSTI NE President Chairman and CEO, Director, Martin Marietta Corporation Laboratory for Planetary Studies, Cornelf University JOHN E. BRYSON Chairman and CEO, BRUCE MURRAY Southern California Edison Vice President Professor of Planetary Science, JOSEPH RYAN California Institute of Technology O'Melveny & Myers LOU IS FRIEDMAN STEVEN SPI ELBERG A WARNING FROM YOUR EDITOR Bringing People Together Through Executive Director director and producer You may soon be getting a phone call Planetary Science-Page 13-Education Board of Advisors from me. No, I won't be asking you for has always been close to the hearts of DIANE ACKERMAN JOHN M. LOGSDON donations or nagging you about a missed Planetary Society members, and we have poet and author Director, Space Policy Institute, George Washington University deadline (a common fear among planetary sponsored many programs to promote sci­ BUZZ ALDRIN Apollo 11 astronaut HANS MARK scientists). Instead, I will be asking for ence education around the world. We've The University of Texas at Austin RICHARD BERENDZEN your opinion about The Planetary Report. gathered together reports on three projects educator and astrophysicist JAMES MICHENER author JACQUES BLAMONT Each month our computer will randomly now completed and one just beginning. Chief Scientist, Centre MARVIN MINSKY Nationa! d'Etudes Spatia/es, Toshiba Professor of Media Arts select several members whom I will call to A Planetary Readers' Service-Page 16- France and Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology discuss the contents of our latest issue-or For most of its history, the science we call RAY BRADBURY poet and author PHILIP MORRISON any other topic related to our publications. astronomy was closely allied to the belief Institute Professor, Massachusetts ARTHUR C. CLARKE Institute of Technology I want to make sure that The Planetary system called astrology. A few hundred author PAUL NEWMAN Society is providing the magazine you years ago the two fields diverged. In The CORNELIS DE JAGER actor Professor of Space Research, want, so be prepared to let me know what Planetary Society, we focus entirely on the The Astronomical Institute at JUN NI SHIMURA Utrecht, the Netherlands former Director Genera/, you think of it. The next phone call you get planetary side of astronomy. But some­ Institute of Space and FRANK DRAKE Astronautical Science, Japan may be from me. times it's fun to take a look at other ways Professor of Astronomy and Astrophysics. University of ·BERNARD M. OLIVER of seeing the skies, and our reviewer found California, Santa Cruz Chief, SETI Program, NASA/Ames Research Center LEE A. DUBRIDGE Here's what we've gathered for you. this issue's selection, written by an astron­ former presidential SALLY RIDE Venus: After Magellan, She Still Has omer, to be a provocative look at the for­ science advisor Director, California Space JOHN GARDNER {nstitute, University of California, San Diego, and former astronaut Her Mysteries-Page 4- The Magellan merly intertwined disciplines. founder, Common Cause mission to study Venus with radar is now World Watch-Page 17-Robot rovers MARC GARNEAU ROALD Z. SAGDEEV Canadian astronaut former Director, Institute for Space Research, winding down as the spacecraft settles into continue marching toward Mars: The GEORGIY GOLITSYN Russian Academy of Sciences a near-circular orbit, from which it is map­ Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Planetary Society recently helped bring Russian Academy of Sciences HARRISON H. SCHMiD former US Senator, New Mexico, ping the planet's gravity. Magellan has together American and Russian scientists THEODORE M. HESBURGH and Apollo 17 astronaut President Emeritus, completed three radar mapping cycles, and engineers to consider teaming up JPL's University of Notre Dame S. ROSS TAYLOR Professoriaf Fellow, Australian returning data enough to provide a better microrover Rocky with the Russian rover SHIRLEY M. HUFSTEDLER National University, Canberra educator and jurist map of Venus ' surface than we have of scheduled to fly on the Mars '96 mission. LEWIS THOMAS GARRY E. HUNT Chancel/or, Memoria! Sloan Earth. Still, this cloud-wrapped world News & Reviews'-Page IS-Our colum­ space scientist, United Kingdom Kettering Cancer Center SERGEI KAPITSA JAMES VAN ALLEN retains her secrets, and Project Scientist nist takes us on a short visit to the Lunar Institute for Physical Problems, ProfessC!r of Physics, Steve Saunders muses on what more we Russian Academy of Sciences University of Iowa and Planetary Science Conference, where need to learn about Venus before we can the latest discoveries about solar system The Planetary Report (ISSN 0736-3680) is published six times yearly at say we understand her-and her sister worlds are announced. the editorial offices of The Planetary Society, 65 North Catalina Avenue, Pasadena, CA 91106, (818) 793-5100. It is available to members of The world, Earth. Society Notes-Page 19-Planetary Planetary Society. Annual dues in the US or Canada are $25 US dollars or $30 Canadian. Dues outside the US Of Canada are $35 (US). A Hopeful Gathering of Planetary Sci­ Society members support science and explo­ Editor. CHARLENE M. ANDERSON entists-Page 10-Planetary scientists are ration just by joining and thus demonstrat­ Technical Editor, JAMES D. BURKE Assistant Editor, DONNA ESCANDON STEVENS grappling with hard economic and political ing their support for those endeavors. This Copy Editor, GLORIA JOYCE Production Editor, MI CHAEL HAGGERTY realities as they contemplate future mis­ time we have asked our members to do a Art Director, BARBARA S. SMITH sions. The days of the giant spacecraft, little more. Viewpoints expressed in columns or editorials are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent positions of The Planetary Society, its officers or ambitiously arrayed with scientific instru­ Questions & Answers-Page 20-The advisors. © 1993 by The Planetary Society. Canadian Publications Mail Sales Product Agreement Number 87424 ments, are gone-at least for the foresee­ questions that we have been receiving for able future. NASA is attempting to launch a this column sho w a decidedly speculative COVER: Venus as seen through a telescope is a fuzzy yel­ new class of missions, called Discovery, bent among our members. Here's what we low planet completely enshrouded by sulfuric acid clouds. which will be small, carry few instruments, tackle this time: Could terrestrial plants Only with radar can we penetrate the thick, obscuring lay­ ers to discern surface features. Earth-based radars, the last only a few years, and cost far less than grow on Mars? Does Earth's Moon rotate? Pioneer Venus orbifer and Veneras 15 and 16 all helped the missions of the past two decades. A Plus, we answer a question that is crucial to reveal Venus' surface, but couldn't match the detail of Magellan's observations. This global view was created from group of planetary scientists met to present for water-dependent life-forms: How did data gathered by Magellan. Areas missed were filled with ideas for the new program, and here our Earth get its water? coarser Pioneer data, and the colors were based on data Technical Editor reports on the possibilities. -Charlene M. Anderson returned by the Venera 13 and 14 landers. Image: JPUNASA NEWS BRIEFS As administrators of a membership organization, The Planetary Society's 'This May the Magellan team will test Directors and staff care about and are influenced by our members' opinions, the technique of aerobraking as the suggestions and ideas about the future of the space program and of our Society. spacecraft orbits Venus, using money We encourage members to write us and create a dialogue on topics such as left over from getting the baseline mis­ a space station, a lunar outpost, the exploration of Mars and the search for sion done under budget. Aerobraking extraterrestrial life. wonld use the friction from the planet's Send your letters to: Members' Dialogue, The Planetary Society, 65 North atmosphere to slow the spacecraft. The Catalina Avenue, Pasadena, CA 91106. technique is of engineering interest as an economical alternative to burning propellant to get to lower orbits. It I have been a Planetary Society member for several years, and I eagerly await hasn't been done before because of the each issue of The Planetary Report. I strongly believe in the Society's goals and unknowns of alien atmospheres and objectives, and I donate what I can, knowing that however small my contributions fear of spacecraft damage. may seem they are one more step on the road to humankind's exploration and colo­ The aerobraking will also start to nization of space. I also believe that as more people join The Planetary Society, it circularize Magellan's orbit. However, will become a stronger and more vibrant organization. the orbit will only be partially circular­ This belief prompted me to give a gift membership. The only problem I had ized, because the meager leftover funds was deciding whom to give this gift to. I wanted it to go to someone who would will limit the operation to five or six fully appreciate what the Society stands for. I decided to donate it to my local weeks. library. It's my hope that as people read the issue they might decide to become A circular orbit is desirable because members themselves. The magazines will also serve as a terrific resource for any­ it would improve resolution of gravity one researching space or planetary science. field measurements. These high-resolu­ Thus, the real reason for this letter is to propose to all other members that they tion measurements are important for try to donate a gift membership also. It can be to a library, or a school, a college understanding the processes that drive or a personal friend.
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