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R01hosei Coronavirus.Pdf 令和 2 年度内閣官房健康・医療戦略室請負業務 令和 2 年度 新型コロナウイルス感染症等の新興感染症 に対する研究開発についての調査 調査報告書 令和 3 年 3 ⽉ デロイト トーマツ コンサルティング合同会社 ⽬次 本編 1. 調査概要 p. 3 2. 必要機能の全体像 p. 8 3. 他国及び⽇本における新興感染症への平時の取組み P. 11 3-1. 概要 p. 13 3-2. 詳細 3-2-1. 政府 P. 20 3-2-2. 国際機関 P. 49 3-2-3. アカデミア及び企業 P. 51 3-3. 他国からの学び P. 55 4. 他国及び⽇本における新型コロナウイルス感染症への緊急時の取組み P. 57 4-1. 概要及び新型コロナウイルス感染症の研究開発成果 P. 59 4-2. 詳細 4-2-1. 政府 P. 64 4-2-2. 国際機関 P. 88 4-2-3. アカデミア及び企業 p. 90 4-3. 他国からの学び P. 101 5. 成果創出に向けて必要な機能と⽬指す⽔準 P. 104 5-1. 各機能において具備すべき⽔準 P. 106 5-2. 各機能における他国と我が国の現状 P. 110 5-3. ⽬指す⽔準の実現に向けた政策アイディア P. 127 付録 A. 略語 P. 133 ・弊社は、貴室と弊社との間で締結された2020年11⽉4⽇付けの請負契約書に基づき、貴室と事前 に合意した⼿続きを実施しました。本報告書は、上記⼿続きに従って、貴室の政策策定の参考資料 として作成されたもので、内容の採否や使⽤⽅法については、貴室⾃らの責任で判断を⾏うものと します。 ・本報告書に記載されている情報は、公開情報を除き、調査対象会社から提出を受けた資料、また、 その内容についての質問を基礎としております。これら対象会社から⼊⼿した情報⾃体の妥当性・ 正確性については、弊社側で責任を持ちません。 ・本報告書における分析⼿法は、多様なものがありうる中でのひとつを採⽤したに過ぎず、その達 成可能性に関して、弊社がいかなる保証を与えるものではありません。本報告書が本来の⽬的以外 に利⽤されたり、第三者がこれに依拠したとしても弊社はその責任を負いません。 1 2 1. 調査概要 3 調査の背景と⽬的 新興感染症に対して、新型コロナウイルス感染症に関する対応に加え、平時か らの各国の対応・体制を把握し、今後の検討の⼀助とする 背景・⽬的 健康・医療戦略で掲げている、健康⻑寿社会の形成に資する重要な取組として、 新型コロナウイルス感染症対策の推進において、必要な研究開発等の対策を速や かに推進することとされている 今回の新型コロナウイルス感染症の拡⼤では、緊急に既存抗ウイルス薬の適⽤拡 ⼤の臨床試験を実施するなど、柔軟な対応が実施されたが、今後も同様の問題が ⽣じる可能性は想定され、平時より、新規感染症が発⽣した場合に、速やかに予 防・治療に必要な医薬品を開発・供給するためルール・体制の整備が求められる その為、本調査を平時より整備しておくべき研究開発体制や有事に即時に対応で きる研究開発プラットフォームの構築検討を推進するための基本資料とする 調査内容 本調査では、以下の調査・分析を実施している 1. 新興感染症の発⽣時の研究開発に必要な機能の特定 2. 諸外国における診断法、治療薬、ワクチン開発に必要な機能の 整備体制 • 新型コロナウイルス感染症に対する研究開発経緯・進捗状況 • 診断法、治療薬、ワクチンの研究開発に関わる必要な機能の体制整備 • 平時の事前準備状況 • 新興感染症等の有事における政策 • 産学官の役割分担や連携 3. 諸外国と我が国との⽐較分析 4. 我が国への⽰唆と政策⽴案に資する提案、まとめ 4 調査対象及び⽅法 ⽂献・インターネット検索や有識者へのヒアリングを通じて、⽶国・英国・中 国・⽇本の政府・アカデミア・企業の取組みの調査を実施 調査対象 対象機関／国 調査の主眼 ⾏政機関 ⽶国 ⾏政としての平時からの対応と、新型コロナウイル 英国 ス感染症の流⾏に伴い各国が実施した政策 中国 産官学の役割分担や相互の連携 各国の制度の特徴、緊急時における政策の主眼 その他（独国） ⽇本 国際機関 平時における新興感染症への対策 新型コロナウイルス感染症対策における対策、各国 WHO、CEPI、等 による国際貢献内容 主要⼤学・研究機関における診断法・治療薬・ワク チンの開発状況 アカデミア 新型コロナウイルス感染症の研究開発成果に繋がっ た平時及び緊急時の取組み 企業 主要企業における診断法・治療薬・ワクチンの開発 診断機器メーカー 状況 治療薬メーカー 新型コロナウイルス感染症の研究開発成果に繋がっ た平時及び緊急時の取組み ワクチンメーカー 調査⽅法 本調査では、以下の情報ソースを元に調査を実施した ⽂献・インターネット 専⾨家へのヒアリング • 国内外の政府・公的機関、企業への専⾨家 • デロイト内専⾨家 5 必要機能のスコープ 本調査では、診断法、治療薬、ワクチンの開発・⽣産において創出したい成果 に対して、必要な機能・機能⽔準を定義し、機能充⾜の取組みを定義する 本調査で扱うモダリティ、プロセス、必要機能 モダリティ 予防⽤ 診断法 治療薬 ワクチン × プロセス 病原体の 流通・ 研究 開発 ⽣産 同定 臨床 × 必要機能構成要素 戦略・ 研究開発 研究開発推進基盤 全体統括 推進 （設備・資材・法制度等） 診断法：本調査で扱う感染症における診断法のスコープ 感染に伴う病態評価のための検査 病原体特定のための検査 （病原体の特定は⾏わない） A：新興感染症の発⽣に伴い 新たな診断法の開発が求められる検査 遺伝⼦検査 ⾎液検査（⼀般的なもの） • PCR法検査等 レントゲン検査 抗原検査 CT検査 • 迅速診断Kit等 B：既存の診断法を置き換える新たな 抗体検査 技術開発が期待されている検査 新たな検査／判読⽅法 顕微鏡検査 • 画像の⾃動読影機、等 • 特殊染⾊法等 • 電⼦顕微鏡検査等 培養検査 • 感染細胞培養等 6 調査アプローチ 調査冒頭で必要機能の仮説を⽴案することで、仮説検証に必要な調査項⽬を特 定。諸外国及び⽇本の取組みを調査し、⽇本の⽬指す姿・取組みを検討した Step 2. 世界の研究開発動向と諸外国における取組み調査 新型コロナウイルス感染症を取り巻く 世界の研究開発動向 諸外国の取組み Step 2 Step 2 Step 3 世界の診断法、 創出したい成果 世界の研究開発 治療薬、ワクチン （＝政策⽬標） 進捗状況 市場状況 機能要件 国際機関による 必要 機能⽔準 新興感染症への 機能 取組み動向 実施主体 Step 1. 必要機能の検討（仮説） 機能充⾜の打ち⼿ （＝政策） Step 4. 必要機能・⽔準及び打ち⼿の検討 ⽇本が⽬指す姿と取組み Step 4 Step 3. ⽇本の現状把握及び諸外国との⽐較分析 創出したい成果 （＝政策⽬標） ⽇本の現⾏の取組み Step 3 Step 1 現⾏の必要機能 Step 4 機能要件 必要 現⾏の政策 （及び⽬指す姿との 機能⽔準 ギャップ） 機能 実施主体 新型コロナ ウイルス感染症を Step 4 受けて明らかに 機能充⾜の打ち⼿ なった課題 （＝政策） Step 1：必要機能（仮説）の検討 • 調査の冒頭において、診断法・治療薬・ワクチンの研究開発及び⽣産に関わる必要機能の仮説を⽴案 • 必要機能（仮説）を検証するための調査設計を策定 Step 2：世界の研究開発動向と諸外国における取組調査 • Step 1で策定した調査設定に基づき、諸外国が具備している研究開発及び⽣産機能や政府・アカデミ ア・インダストリーによる平時及び緊急時の取組みを調査・分析 Step 3：⽇本の現状及び諸外国との⽐較分析 • ⽇本における、政府・アカデミア・インダストリーの研究開発及び⽣産に関わる平時及び緊急時の取り 組みの調査や研究開発や⽣産における国内の課題を把握 • Step 2における諸外国及び⽇本の調査結果を踏まえ、政府の取組み（平時における事前準備、緊急時に おける政策・制度等）、産学官の役割分担と相互の連携、ヒト・モノ・資⾦・情報の違い等の観点から ⽐較分析を⾏う Step 4：必要機能・⽔準及び打ち⼿の検討 • Step 2の諸外国調査にて重要と特定された機能を基に、モダリティ毎の必要機能を定義 • 新型コロナウイルス感染症の研究開発において、成果創出に⾄っている他国の機能⽔準や他国からの学 びを踏まえ、平時・緊急時の機能⽔準を設定 • ⽬指す機能⽔準と現⾏⽔準のギャップを埋めるための打ち⼿（＝政策アイディア）を検討 7 චགྷؽ೵͹સର଀ .2 8 ຌহͲ͹௒ࠬΠϕϫʖο Ͷɼචགྷͳ͠ΗΖؽ೵ΝخଠࠅͲ۫ඍ͢ͱ͏Ζؽ೵Ώ઒໵Պ΃͹ϐΠϨϱήͶΓΕ॑གྷͳಝఈ͠Ηͪؽ೵Ν ¾ ϠξϨτΡຘͶఈٝͪ͢ ൭Ν࣢Ͷ੖ཀྵͪ͢خ֋൅ਬ਒ڂ֋൅ਬ਒ɼC. ݜڂචགྷؽ೵ͺɼA. કྲྀࡨఈʀસର౹ׇɼB. ݜ ¾ Ζ͝ܪ֋൅Νਬ਒͢੔ՎͶڂઝ঳ͶଲͤΖਏஇ๑ʀ࣑ྏ༂ʀϭέοϱ͹ݜ״ڷA) કྲྀࡨఈʀસର౹ׇʁ৿ ͹ϠωνϨϱήɼકྲࣰྀݳ͹ͪΌͶචགྷ͵ࢊָڱΌ͹ࠅસରͲ͹કྲྀ͹ࡨఈʀ༩ࢋഓ෾Ώકྲࣰྀߨয়ͪ ௒Ν؜΋ڢ͹ଇ਒Ώࠅࡏܠׯ࿊ ਫ਼ࢊ׈ಊ͹ࣰࢬ;ٶ֋൅ڂ֋൅ਬ਒ʁࢊָׯ͹ϕϪʖϢʖͶΓΖݜڂB) ݜ Կ͹ͪΌͶචགྷͳ͵Ζઅඍʀࢬઅɼࣁࡒʤබݬରکਫ਼ࢊ׈ಊ͹ਬ਒ʀ;ٶ֋൅ڂ൭ʁݜخ֋൅ਬ਒ڂC) ݜ ੏Ν؜΋وɼക཈ࡋ๖ɼࣰݩ༽ಊ෼ɼ࣑ྏ༂Ώϭέοϱ͹ݬྋʀݬӹɼ౵ʥɼགྷҽɼ๑ה ࣎ʤʻٺەೖຌͶ͕͜Ζฑ࣎ʀ;ٶ4হͶͱଠࠅ;ٶຌহͲఈٝͪ͢ϠξϨτΡຘ͹චགྷؽ೵ͶԌͮͱɼ3হ ¾ ઝ঳ླྀߨ࣎ʥ͹खૌΊΝ௒ࠬʀ෾ੵΝࣰࢬ͢ɼ5হͶͱؽ೵ຘͶ໪ࢨͤਭ६͹ఈٝΝ״αϫψΤ΢ϩηܗ৿ ߨ͑͞ͳͳͤΖ ࣎ ਏஇ๑ ࣑ྏ༂ ϭέοϱٺە ฑ࣎ චགྷؽ೵͹સର଀ʁਏஇ๑ Ͷ֋൅͢ɼචགྷྖ͹ਫ਼ࢊର੏ཱི֮ͤغϏϱυϝρέ࣎Ͷබݬର͹ݗड़ٗढ़Ν૥ ΌΔΗΖٽฯ֮͗غΖͪΌ͹઒໵ਕࡒ͹֮ฯΏබݬରγϱϕϩ͹૥ A. કྲྀࡨఈʀસର౹ׇ ଇ਒ ࣁ֮ۜฯʀഓ෾ܠકྲྀࡨఈ ࢊָׯ࿊ કྲྀࡨఈɼ༑઎ॳҒ෉͜ චགྷ༩ࢋ͹ׄΕ౲ͱɼ౵ ༀׄ෾୴͹఑ࣖɼ౵ ௒ڢ͹ϠωνϨϱή ࠅࡏڱࣰߨয় Կک֋൅ର੏͹ڂϠωνϨϱή ݜ કྲྀʀ༩ࢋഓ෾͹ݡ௜͢ɼ౵ ྡজࢾݩ͹ࣰࢬɼ౵ ֋൅ਬ਒ڂB. ݜ εʖθ୵ࡩʛαϱιϕφ݀ఈ ੣඾υδ΢ϱʀ֋൅ʀݗৄ ਫ਼ࢊٗढ़ʀର੏ ؇ཀྵށεʖθ୵ࡩ ࢾࡠ඾͹֋൅ ʀਫ਼ࢊʀࡑ ɼΫρφԿܯࢾࡠ඾͹ࡠ੔ɼݗৄͳ࠸અ Τ΢ϩηΰόϞ৚ๅʀ߇ݬʀϐφΤΡϩ බݬରखѽ๏๑ཱི֮ɼ੓೵ʀ҈ఈ੓֮೟ ਫ਼ࢊٗढ़ཱི֮ ढ़݀ఈ ୉ྖਫ਼ࢊର੏ٗوη߇ର͹ಝఈɼԢ༽ͤΖ৿ ढ़֋൅ٗ Τ΢ϩηΰόϞʀ߇ݬʀϐφΤ΢ϩη ট೟৻ࠬ ߇ର͹ݗड़๏๑ཱི֮ ढ़֋൅ٗو৿ ൭ʤઅඍʀࣁࡒʀ๑੏ౕ౵ʥخ֋൅ਬ਒ڂC. ݜ ҈સ੓ʙGxPଲԢࢬઅʀઅඍ ੣ଆ༽ࣁࡒ;ٶ఼ڎ͹ฯ؇ ਫ਼ࢊהබݬରΏ ఼ڎਫ਼ࢊઅඍʀ ݬӹ੣ଆࢬઅ ͹ݬྋʀࣁࡒحΰόϞ৚ๅմੵઅඍ ਏஇ༂ʀؽ ֋൅ϕϧρφϓΧʖϞڂබݬରγϱϕϩ ݜ γϱϕϩ බݬରΰόϞ৚ๅಝఈ༽΢ϱϓϧʙDB༽ڂฑ࣎͹ݜ Ϗϱυϝρέ൅঳࣎͹බݬରγϱϕϩ EHR౵͹RWD DB ઝं͖Δ͹ݗର ྡজࢾݩʀট೟ͶؖΚΖ๑੏ౕ״ ੣඾ݗৄ༽͹ݗର ਫ਼ࢊགྷҽʀοʖϞ གྷҽʀοʖϞ ֋൅གྷҽʀοʖϞ ਫ਼ࢊٗढ़֋൅ɼਫ਼ࢊɼ඾࣯؇ཀྵ౵͹ڂݜ ؜΋ གྷҽʀοʖϞ؜΋ܠ؜΋ ࠅ಼֐͹ଠϕϪʖϢʖͳ͹࿊ܠࠅ಼֐͹ଠϕϪʖϢʖͳ͹࿊ ؜΋ܠࠅ಼֐͹ଠϕϪʖϢʖͳ͹࿊ 9 ࣎ ਏஇ๑ ࣑ྏ༂ ϭέοϱٺە ฑ࣎ චགྷؽ೵͹સର଀ʁ࣑ྏ༂ ֋൅͹ͪΌͶͺɼබݬରΝखѽ͓ΖࢬઅʀགྷҽͶՅ͓ɼԿ߻෼ϧغ࣎͹૥ٺە Ζྡজࢾݩࣰࢬࢬઅ͹੖ඍ΍චགྷ͗ܪ֋࢟Ͷغ΢ϔϧϨʖ͹۫ඍΏ࣑ݩ͹૥ A. કྲྀࡨఈʀસର౹ׇ ଇ਒ ࣁ֮ۜฯʀഓ෾ܠકྲྀࡨఈ ࢊָׯ࿊ કྲྀࡨఈɼ༑઎ॳҒ෉͜ චགྷ༩ࢋ͹ׄΕ౲ͱɼ౵ ༀׄ෾୴͹఑ࣖɼ౵ ௒ڢ͹ϠωνϨϱή ࠅࡏڱࣰߨয় Կک֋൅ର੏͹ڂϠωνϨϱή ݜ કྲྀʀ༩ࢋഓ෾͹ݡ௜͢ɼ౵ ྡজࢾݩ͹ࣰࢬɼ౵ ֋൅ਬ਒ڂB. ݜ ਫ਼ࢊٗढ़ʀର੏ εʖθ୵ࡩʛඉྡজ ྡজࢾݩ ࣑ݩ༂͹֋൅ʀਫ਼ࢊ ʀਫ਼ࢊٗढ़ཱི֮ εʖθ୵ࡩ ʀ ඉྡজ͹ࣰࢬ ඾࣯؇ཀྵର੏ཱི֮ ʀ୉ྖਫ਼ࢊର੏ ؇ཀྵށϨʖχԿ߻෼͹࠹నԿ ਫ਼ࢊʀࡑ ট೟৻ࠬ ൭ʤઅඍʀࣁࡒʀ๑੏ౕ౵ʥخ֋൅ਬ਒ڂC. ݜ ҈સ੓ʙGxPଲԢࢬઅʀઅඍ ੣ଆ༽ࣁࡒ;ٶ఼ڎ͹ฯ؇ ਫ਼ࢊהබݬରΏ ఼ڎজࢾݩࣰࢬࢬઅʀඅݩं ਫ਼ࢊྡ ݬӹ੣ଆࢬઅ ΰόϞ৚ๅմੵઅඍ ࣑ྏ༂ݬྋɼใૹࣁࡒ౵ ֋൅ϕϧρφϓΧʖϞڂබݬରγϱϕϩ ݜ γϱϕϩ බݬରΰόϞ৚ๅಝఈ༽΢ϱϓϧʙDB༽ڂฑ࣎͹ݜ Ϗϱυϝρέ൅঳࣎͹බݬରγϱϕϩ EHR౵͹RWD DB Կ߻෼ࣁݱʀඉྡজ༽ಊ෼ Կ߻෼ࣁݱʙԿ߻෼ϧ΢ϔϧϨʖ ྡজࢾݩʀট೟ͶؖΚΖ๑੏ౕ ക཈ࡋ๖ ඉྡজ༽ಊ෼ ਫ਼ࢊགྷҽʀοʖϞ གྷҽʀοʖϞ ֋൅གྷҽʀοʖϞ ਫ਼ࢊٗढ़֋൅ɼਫ਼ࢊɼ඾࣯؇ཀྵ౵͹ڂݜ ؜΋ གྷҽʀοʖϞ؜΋ܠ؜΋ ࠅ಼֐͹ଠϕϪʖϢʖͳ͹࿊ܠࠅ಼֐͹ଠϕϪʖϢʖͳ͹࿊ ؜΋ܠࠅ಼֐͹ଠϕϪʖϢʖͳ͹࿊ ࣎ ਏஇ๑ ࣑ྏ༂ ϭέοϱٺە ฑ࣎ චགྷؽ೵͹સର଀ʁϭέοϱ ͹ͪΌͶͺɼබݬରΝखѽ͓ΖࢬઅʀགྷҽͶڇڛϭέοϱ֋൅ʀغ࣎͹૥ٺە ΌΔΗΖٽՅ͓ɼϭέοϱ͹ηίʖϩΠρϕՆ೵͵ਫ਼ࢊઅඍ͹۫ඍ΍ A. કྲྀࡨఈʀસର౹ׇ ଇ਒ ࣁ֮ۜฯʀഓ෾ܠકྲྀࡨఈ ࢊָׯ࿊ કྲྀࡨఈɼ༑઎ॳҒ෉͜ චགྷ༩ࢋ͹ׄΕ౲ͱɼ౵ ༀׄ෾୴͹఑ࣖɼ౵ ௒ڢ͹ϠωνϨϱή ࠅࡏڱࣰߨয় Կک֋൅ର੏͹ڂϠωνϨϱή ݜ કྲྀʀ༩ࢋഓ෾͹ݡ௜͢ɼ౵ ྡজࢾݩ͹ࣰࢬɼ౵ ֋൅ਬ਒ڂB. ݜ ਫ਼ࢊٗढ़ʀର੏ εʖθ୵ࡩʛඉྡজ ྡজࢾݩ ࣑ݩ༽ϭέοϱ͹֋൅ ʀਫ਼ࢊٗढ़ཱི֮ εʖθ୵ࡩ ʀ ඉྡজ͹ࣰࢬ ඾࣯؇ཀྵࢾݩ ʀ୉ྖਫ਼ࢊର੏ ؇ཀྵށϭέοϱαϱιϕφݗ౾ ਫ਼ࢊʀࡑ ढ़֋൅ٗ ϭέοϱٗढ़֋൅ ট೟৻ࠬو৿ ϭέοϱ੣ଆٗढ़ʤ߇ݬ෾཯੠੣౵ʥ ൭ʤઅඍʀࣁࡒʀ๑੏ౕ౵ʥخ֋൅ਬ਒ڂC. ݜ ҈સ੓ʙGxPଲԢࢬઅʀઅඍ ੣ଆ༽ࣁࡒ;ٶ఼ڎ͹ฯ؇ ਫ਼ࢊהබݬରΏ ఼ڎজࢾݩࣰࢬࢬઅʀඅݩं ਫ਼ࢊྡ ݬӹ੣ଆࢬઅ ౵حΰόϞ৚ๅմੵઅඍ ϭέοϱݬྋɼώ΢Πϩ༲ ֋൅ϕϧρφϓΧʖϞڂබݬରγϱϕϩ ݜ γϱϕϩ බݬରΰόϞ৚ๅಝఈ༽΢ϱϓϧʙDB༽ڂฑ࣎͹ݜ Ϗϱυϝρέ൅঳࣎͹බݬରγϱϕϩ EHR౵͹RWD DB ക཈ࡋ๖ʀඉྡজ༽ಊ෼ ྡজࢾݩʀট೟ͶؖΚΖ๑੏ౕ ਫ਼ࢊགྷҽʀοʖϞ གྷҽʀοʖϞ ֋൅གྷҽʀοʖϞ ਫ਼ࢊٗढ़֋൅ɼਫ਼ࢊɼ඾࣯؇ཀྵ౵͹ڂݜ ؜΋ གྷҽʀοʖϞ؜΋ܠ؜΋ ࠅ಼֐͹ଠϕϪʖϢʖͳ͹࿊ܠࠅ಼֐͹ଠϕϪʖϢʖͳ͹࿊ ؜΋ܠࠅ಼֐͹ଠϕϪʖϢʖͳ͹࿊ 10 ઝ঳΃͹״ڷೖຌͶ͕͜Ζ৿;ٶଠࠅ .3 ฑ࣎͹खૌΊ 11 হͲ͹௒ࠬΠϕϫʖο ઝ঳΃͹खૌΊΝ௒ࠬ͢ɼฑ࣎ΓΕʹ͹״ڷͶΓΖ৿ۂةೖຌͲ͹੕ැʀΠΩυϝΠʀ;ٶຌহͲͺɼଠࠅ ¾ Γ͑͵Ϗϱυϝρέ΃͹ඍ͓Νࣰࢬ͢ͱ͏͖ͪΝ෾ੵͪ͢ ੕ැͶΓΖखૌΊͶ͕͏ͱͺɼචགྷؽ೵ΝैଏͤΖͪΌ͹क͵੕ࡨͳචགྷؽ೵Νਬ਒ͤΖͪΌ͹ࢊָׯ ͹ༀׄ෾୴Ν௒ࠬ ֋൅ڂ࣎Ͳ͹ݜٺەΏڱ֋൅ਬ਒য়ڂઝ঳ͶؖͤΖݜ״ڷ͹खૌΊͶ͕͏ͱͺɼ৿ۂة;ٶΠΩυϝΠ ՅଐͶܪ͗ͮͪखૌΊΝ௒ࠬ ֋൅͹੔Վ૓ड़Ͷࢺͮͱ͏ΖϕϪʖϢʖΝ௒ࠬ͹ଲেͳͪ͢ʥڂ࣎Ͷ͕͏ͱଠࠅͶ઎ۨ͜ɼݜٺەʤ Ͷଠࠅ͖Δ͹ָ;Ν੖ཀྵ͢ͱ͏Ζޛೖຌ͹ฑ࣎͹खૌΊ͹ߡࡱͳ͢ͱɼຌহ͹࠹;ٶଠࠅ ¾ 12 ઝ঳΃͹״ڷೖຌͶ͕͜Ζ৿;ٶଠࠅ .3 ฑ࣎͹खૌΊ གྷ֕ .3-1 3-2. ৆ࡋ 3-2-1. ੕ැ ࠅࡏؽؖ .3-2-2 ۂة;ٶΠΩυϝΠ .3-2-3 ;ଠࠅ͖Δ͹ָ .3-3 13 ࣎ٺە ฑ࣎ ࠅ͹ಝ௅ͳࢊׯָ͹खૌΊʁธࠅ֦ ੔͢ͱ͏ΖɽܙΦαεητϞΝ͵ྙکଡ͚͹ࠅ಼֐͹༙ྙϕϪʖϢʖ͗ॄ͏ɼ దۅ֋൅Ͷ੷ڂઝ঳͹ݜ״ڷҘͶΓΕ৿ڶ੕ැͺϏϱυϝρέΏώ΢Ψτϫ͹ ෾ྪ ֕གྷ ઝ঳ؖ࿊༩ࢋ΍5એԱԃΝ௔͓ͱ͕Εɼଡ͚״ಝ௅ ¾ ՁΗ͹ϠξϨτΡͲ΍ธࠅࢤ৖ͺήϫʖώϩࢤ৖͹35~50%ΝઐΌɼ׎ͯ੕ැ͹ ੔͢ͱ͏ΖܙΦαεητϞΝ͵ྙک͹ࠅ಼༙ྙϕϪʖϢʖʤࢊׯָՁΗ΍ʥͶՅ͓ͱք֐ϕϪʖϢʖ͗ॄ͏ɼ Ͳ੊ֆΝڂదͶखૌΞͲ͕Εɼ෱߁͏බݬରͶଲͤΖݜۅઝ঳Ͷ΍੷״ڷҘ΃͹ଲԢͳ͢ͱ৿ڶϏϱυϝρέΏώ΢Ψτϫ͹ ¾ ϭέοϱٗढ़Ͳ΍ࣰ༽Կ͗਒ΞͲ͏ͪوϨʖχͤΖͫ͜Ͳ͵͚ɼ௜ۛະԈͪ͢SARS/MERS࣑ྏ༂ΏmRNA౵͹৿ ¾ ࣰݳ ઝ঳͗ླྀߨͤΖՆ೵੓͹߶͏ࠅͶ͕״ઝ঳ଲࡨͶ஭ྙɽ״ͶɼकͶࠅՊ͹҈સฯ্͹؏఼Ͳฑ࣎ΓΕܢҘΝഐڶ੕ැ ώ΢Ψτϫ͹ Կ͹ࢩԋ΍ࣰࢬک໪ඬ ͜ΖଲԢ೵ྙ ๹ӶકྲྀͶ͕͏ͱώ΢Ψ΢ϱευϱφΏϏϱυϝρέ΃͹खૌΊ͹॑གྷ੓͗ᨵΚΗɼήϫʖώحસฯ্કྲྀΏࠅՊਫ਼෼ฎ҈ 9 ԿΝᨵͮͱ͏Ζکઝ঳ଲࡨ״͵ࠅࡏద;ٶϩϖϩηιΫϣϨτΡકྲྀͶ͕͏ͱͺࠅ಼ͶՅ͓ք֐ ઝ঳Ґ֐Ͷళષ౳Ώ୺״ڷͱ͏Ζ͞ͳ͖ΔଠࠅΓΕ෱߁͏බݬରΝ஭ྙଲেͳ͢ͱ͕ΕɼΦϚϧ౵͹৿͝ܟ஭ྙ ¾ ώ΢Ψτϫଲࡨ΍ ଲে ᙭౵΍஭ྙබݬରͶࢨఈ͢ͱ͏Ζ ʤDARPAʥͶΓΖ༩๹ʀ࣑ྏΝՆ೵ͳͤΖཱࣙదਏஇʤADEPTʥϕϫήϧϞͲͺਏஇ๑͹֋൅ɼ֫ۃժܯڂΉͪɼࠅ๹߶౵ݜ ¾ ઝ঳࣑ྏ༂͹֋൅ΝϏϱυ״ڷढ़͹֋൅౵΃खૌΞͲ͏ΖɽSARS/MERS౵͹৿ٗو࢐ϭέοϱ౵ɼଲԢ൥ҕ͹߁͏ϭέοϱ৿ ઝ঳΃͹ඍ͓Ν߶Όͱ͏Ζ״΍ࣰ֮Ͷਬ਒ͤΖ͞ͳͲɼາஎ͹ޛϝρέ ֦ ϕ ઝ঳ؖ࿊ͺ༁2,000״ڷઝ঳ؖ࿊༩ࢋͺ༁5,300Աԃɼ৿״ॶʤNIAIDʥɼDARPAΝ஦ৼͶɼฑ࣎͹ڂઝ঳ݜ״Ϫ ༩ࢋʀ ¾ ࠅཱིΠϪϩάʖ ΁ٶổ ͨ͹ଠ ԱԃͶ ֋൅ʀ੣ଆࢬઅ͹ࢨఈ౵ɼର੏੖ඍΝࣰࢬڂ࣎Ͷඍ͓ͪྡজࢾݩࢬઅΏݜٺە ¾ Ϣ ಝ௅ద ổ ͵੕ࡨ ֋൅ࢩԋର੏͹ߑ஛͢ɼฑ͖࣎Δ͹ਫ਼ࢊ༲ྖڂ࣎͹ݜٺەʤBARDAʥΝ஦ৼͶۃ֋൅ڂ͹ 9 ฯ݊ෳࢳ঴ࢁԾ͹ਫ਼෼ҫָ઎୼ݜ ख ֮ฯ౵Νࣰࢬ ઝ঳Ͷ͕͜Ζ੊ֆφρϕέϧη͹״ؽؖͶՅ͓ɼڂؽؖΝͺͣΌͳͤΖ੊ֆ਼༙͹ޮదݜڂૌ ¾ ೧ؔ༩ࢋ༁4,000Աԃ͹NIH΢ϱύΤηݜ Ί ΠΩυ ΝϨʖχ͢ͱ͏ڂࣁۜ͗ׯ຿͖Δ౦Ծ͠ΗΖ͞ͳͶΓΕɼ੊ֆ͹ݜڂ୉ָ΍ଡ͚ଚࡑ͢ʤ৏Ғ100୉ָ஦38ߏʥɼͨΗΔ΃ଡֻ͹ݜ ϝΠ ઝ঳࿨ช਼৏Ғ10ϳࠅ͹૱࿨ช਼͹಼ɼ༁4ׄ͗ธࠅʥ״Ζʤ ಋϕϫζΥέφ΍ଡ͚ɼ໪ඬୣ੔Ͷ୉͚߫͘ݛ͢ͱ͏ΖڠΉͪɼΠΩυϝΠୱରͲ͹ࣰ༽Կྙʤ૓༂౵ʥ͗߶͏͓͑Ͷɼׯ຿ͳ͹ ¾ αϝρφϟϱφՁΗ΍ඉ৙Ͷ߶͏;ٶ֋൅ؽ೵ڂઝ঳ݜ״Ν༶͢ɼۂةՁΗ͹ࢤ৖ʤϠξϨτΡʙஏҮʥͲ΍৏ҒεΥΠΝઐΌΖ ¾ ۂة ઝ঳ଲࡨ͹ࠅࡏద͵׈״ڷͲͺɼࣙࠅͲ͹ϭέοϱ֋൅͹Ί͵ΔͥଠࠅͲ൅ਫ਼͢ͱ͏Ζ৿ۂةPfizerΏJohnson & Johnson͹୉घ 9 ಊͶ΍߫ݛɽྈऀͺCEPI͹Ռָࣀ໲җҽճͳ͢ͱࢂժ͢ͱ͕ΕɼPfizerͶ͕͏ͱͺɼCEPIཱིͬ৏͖࣎͝Δ͹ϟϱώʖͲ͍ͮͪ ઝ঳֨୉༩๹ͶࣁͤΖϕϫζΥέφ״ढ़֋൅΍੟ΞͲ͍ΖʤྭʁDARPA͹ٗوͶΓΖ৿ۂةڷԣ͢΍͍Εɼ৿ޛՅ͓ͱɼ੕ැࢩԋ͹ ¾ ͲRNAϭέοϱٗढ़֋൅Ώ߇ର൅ݡϕϧρφϓΧʖϞ͹֋൅ΝmodernaʤธʥɼAbCelleraʤธʥɼCureVacऀʤಢʥࣰ͗ࢬʥ ड़ॶʁUS Executive Office of the President, “National Biodefense Strategy” (2018)ɼ NSC, “Mitigating the Impact of the Pandemic Influenza through Vaccine Innovation”ɼ Whitehouse, “UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT GLOBAL HEALTH SECURITY STRATEGY”(2019)ɼNIHɼNIAIDɼDARPAΤΥϔγ΢φʀࣁྋɼ֦ऀʀ୉ָΤΥϔγ΢φɼ઒໵Պ΢ϱνϑϣʖ౵ ࣎ٺە ฑ࣎ ࠅ͹ಝ௅ͳࢊׯָ͹खૌΊʁӵࠅ֦ దͶखૌ΋ɽۅԿͶ੷کۂ੊ֆ਼༙͹ϕϪʖϢʖΝ༙͢ɼ੕ැ΍ҫྏ෾໼͹ࢊ ֋൅Νਬ਒ڂϏϱυϝρέଲԢ͹ൕ঴͖Δ෱߁͏බݬରͶଲ͢ݜڊ੕ැͺգ ෾ྪ ֕གྷ ʤಝͶϭέοϱʀ࣑ྏ༂ʥΝ༶͢ɼ੕ැ΍ಋ྘ҮΝ࠹஭ྙଲেͳఈΌۂةಝ௅ ¾ ธࠅͶ࣏͙ϧ΢ϓγ΢Φϱη྘ҮͲ੊ֆ਼༙͹୉ָΏ ԿΝβʖϩͶݡੀ͓ɼʰ୉͘͵Ϩηέͺ੕ۂదͶखૌΞͲ͏Ζʤࣰ༽ԿͶཻΉΔͥࢊۅԿͶ΍੷کྙۂ֋൅ͫ͜Ͳ͵͚ࢊڂݜ ැʱ͹ࢧ૟͹ԾͲΦαεητϞ੮ओ՗ॶ͹੕ැͶΓΖେ଺ɼք֐Ϩλʖη͹׈༽౵ɼಝ௅ద੕ࡨΝࡀ༽ʥ దͶۅ֋൅Ν੷ڂઝ঳ݜ״ڷઝ঳ʤDisease XʥͶଲͤΖඍ͓΍؜Όͱ৿״͹ϏϱυϝρέଲԢ΃͹ൕ঴͖Δɼາஎ͹ڊգ ¾ Ζࣙࠅ୉ָΝᑑࢢͶࢊׯָҲରͲखૌ΋ގΏ੊ֆ਼༙͹ࣰ੹Νۂةਬ਒ɽήϫʖώϩͲ࣑ྏ༂ʀϭέοϱΝఴ֋ͤΖࣙࠅ Ζ͝ܟઝ঳ͶଲͤΖ༩๹͹ཱི֮Ν໪ඬͳ͢ͱ״ڷࣰݳ ¾ Disease XΝ؜Όͪ৿ ੕ැ Ͷɼਫ਼෼ָద҈સฯ্કޛઝ঳ଲࡨ΃͹఑ݶʤ2016೧ʥ͹״ڷઝ֨୉΃͹ଲԢΝण͜઒໵җҽճͶΓΖ৿״໪ඬ 9 ΦϚϧड़݄೦ ү੔Ν਒ΌΖۂʤ2018೧ʥΝఈΌɼϭέοϱ֋൅ʀࢊྲྀ ઝ঳͗൅ਫ਼͢ಚΖఁ஦ॶಚࠅ΃͹ࢩԋ΍໪ద͹Ҳͯͳ͢ͱ͏Ζ״ڷՅ͓ͱɼ৿ ¾ ֋൅͗क͵ଲেڂDisease XͶଲͤΖϭέοϱ͹ݜ;ٶઝ঳״ڷஎ͹৿ع஭ྙ ¾ ΦϚϧΏMERS౵͹ Կ΃΍ࣁۜʀϨλʖηΝ༑઎ׄΕ౲ͱک֋൅ͫ͜Ͳ͵͚ਫ਼ࢊର੏ڂଲে 9 ଲেබݬର͹ಝఈͳ֚౲ݜ Ζυʖνϗʖηߑ஛ʀ׈༽ʤΰόϞυʖνϗʖηɼྡজࢾݩυʖνϗʖηɼ౵ʥͶ͗ܪ֋൅સൢ͹ՅଐͶڂઝ঳Ν؜Όͪݜ״ ¾ ֦ ϕ ΍઎਒ࠅ͹஦Ͳͺ઎ΞͣͱखૌΞͲ͏Ζ ઝ঳༩ࢋͺɼ283Գԃʤҫྏ෾໼ؖ࿊༩ࢋસର͹༁10%ʥͳ͵ͮͱ͏Ζ״Ϫ ༩ࢋʀ ¾ ӵࠅͶ͕͜Ζฑ࣎͹
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  • Exploring Mental Health & COVID-19: How a Pandemic Could Become
    Eastern Kentucky University Encompass Honors Theses Student Scholarship Spring 5-2021 Exploring Mental Health & COVID-19: How a Pandemic Could Become America's Next Mental Health Crisis Ashley D. Shofner Eastern Kentucky University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://encompass.eku.edu/honors_theses Recommended Citation Shofner, Ashley D., "Exploring Mental Health & COVID-19: How a Pandemic Could Become America's Next Mental Health Crisis" (2021). Honors Theses. 834. https://encompass.eku.edu/honors_theses/834 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at Encompass. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Encompass. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EASTERN KENTUCKY UNIVERSITY Exploring Mental Health and COVID-19: How a Pandemic Could Become America’s Next Mental Health Crisis Honors Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of HON 420 Spring 2021 By Ashley D. Shofner Mentor Dr. Molly A. McKinney Associate Professor, Department of Health Promotion and Administration 3 An Abstract Of Exploring Mental Health and COVID-19: How a Pandemic Could Become America’s Next Mental Health Crisis By Ashley D. Shofner Mentor Dr. Molly A. McKinney Associate Professor, Department of Health Promotion and Administration Abstract Description: A pandemic can be described as an epidemic disease that has spread over a large geographical area and has become prevalent in numerous sectors of the globe. In 2020, just over 100 years since our last major pandemic, the 1918 Influenza outbreak, the global community is facing yet another threat: COVID-19.
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  • 23 April 2020 Update
    20 April – 23 April 2020 Contents I. Summary .............................................................................................................................1 II. European Union .................................................................................................................5 III. France ...............................................................................................................................6 IV. Italy ...................................................................................................................................7 V. Germany ............................................................................................................................8 VI. Spain ...............................................................................................................................10 VII. United Kingdom .............................................................................................................10 I. SUMMARY Number of cases: 1,009,762 (including the UK) Number of deaths: 108,223 • The EU Executive Steering Group on Shortages of Medicines Caused by Major Events held a meeting on 15 April to discuss the progress of the measures regarding availability of medicines for European patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. They also updated the Q&A document on regulatory expectations for medicinal products for human use during the COVID-19 pandemic on 20 April. On 21 April, they set-up the fast-track system to support essential medicines for COVID-19 treatment,
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  • (MGH) COVID-19 Treatment Guidance
    Version 8.0 4/28/2021 10:00AM © Copyright 2020 The General Hospital Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) COVID-19 Treatment Guidance This document was prepared (in March, 2020-April, 2021) by and for MGH medical professionals (a.k.a. clinicians, care givers) and is being made available publicly for informational purposes only, in the context of a public health emergency related to COVID-19 (a.k.a. the coronavirus) and in connection with the state of emergency declared by the Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the President of the United States. It is neither an attempt to substitute for the practice of medicine nor as a substitute for the provision of any medical professional services. Furthermore, the content is not meant to be complete, exhaustive, or a substitute for medical professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. The information herein should be adapted to each specific patient based on the treating medical professional’s independent professional judgment and consideration of the patient’s needs, the resources available at the location from where the medical professional services are being provided (e.g., healthcare institution, ambulatory clinic, physician’s office, etc.), and any other unique circumstances. This information should not be used to replace, substitute for, or overrule a qualified medical professional’s judgment. This website may contain third party materials and/or links to third party materials and third party websites for your information and convenience. Partners is not responsible for the availability, accuracy, or content of any of those third party materials or websites nor does it endorse them.
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  • Written Evidence from Spotlight on Corruption1 (PGG18) the Public
    Written evidence from Spotlight on Corruption1 (PGG18) The Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs Committee Propriety of governance in light of Greensill inquiry Introduction The revelations arising from the Greensill affair and its fallout, coming alongside other recent and ongoing scandals, have exposed significant weaknesses in the UK system for managing conflicts of interest, lobbying, and business appointments. This is a vital opportunity to bring the UK’s standards landscape up to date, and to ensure that integrity and ethics in government are regulated in a way that befits a modern democracy. Taking action to strengthen the UK’s integrity and ethics framework would benefit the UK by helping to: build trust in politicians and government; strengthen the stability, predictability and attractiveness of the UK as a place to do business; give the UK greater credibility on the international stage in promoting democracy and good governance; and implement outstanding recommendations made by international bodies such as the UN and Council of Europe about how the UK can improve its integrity and ethics framework to prevent and tackle corruption. Key Recommendations 1. Integrity and Ethics legislation. The government should consult on the introduction of an Integrity and Ethics Bill, by the spring of 2022, which gives legislative effect to: the Law Commission’s recommendations on the introduction of a corruption in public office offence; recommendations made by international bodies to put ACOBA and the Independent Advisor on Ministerial Interests on a statutory footing; recommendations that are likely to be made by the Committee on Standards in Public Life’s Standards Matters 2.0 review in the Autumn of 2021; and recommendations likely to be made from both the Boardman review and parliamentary committees such as PACAC, including legislative reform to the Lobbying Act.
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  • CEPI and COVID-19 VACCINES
    CEPI and COVID-19 VACCINES June 9, 2020 Nicole Lurie, MD, MSPH Strategic Advisor to the CEO and Incident Manager, COVID response team CEPI A world in which epidemics are no longer a threat to humanity CEPI accelerates development of vaccines against emerging infectious diseases and enables equitable access to these vaccines for affected populations during outbreaks 2 Image left slide (right-click to replace image) CEPI Strategic Objectives Preparedness Response Sustainability Advance access to safe and Accelerate the research, Create durable and equitable effective vaccines against development and use of solutions for outbreak emerging infectious diseases vaccines during outbreaks response capacity 3 3 Column slide Small images or graphics can be used to highlight key items. These should always be circular CEPI has multiple investments against its priority pathogens MERS Lassa Nipah Chikungunya Rift Valley fever Disease X 5 vaccine 6 vaccine 4 vaccine 2 vaccine 2 vaccine 3 platform candidates candidates candidates candidates candidates technologies 4 COVID-19 portfolio goals Speed Scale Access Developing Covid-19 vaccines at Scaling up and scaling out vaccine Working with global partners to pandemic speed manufacturing capacity ensure fair allocation of COVID-19 vaccines 5 CEPI vaccine development so far…. 23th May 31st Dec 2019 11th March 12th April 14th Feb First meeting of the ACT WHO notified of pneumonia-like case Wellcome Trust launch First cases reported in WHO declares Accelerator cluster in Wuhan, China COVID-Zero resource Africa
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  • UK COVID-19 Vaccines Delivery Plan
    UK COVID-19 vaccines delivery plan Published 11 January 2021 Contents 1. Ministerial foreword ....................................................................................................... 3 2. Executive summary and scope ..................................................................................... 4 Supply .............................................................................................................................. 5 Prioritisation ...................................................................................................................... 6 Places ............................................................................................................................... 7 People .............................................................................................................................. 8 Tracking our progress ....................................................................................................... 9 3. Supply ......................................................................................................................... 10 Developing new vaccines ............................................................................................... 10 Ensuring vaccines meet strict safety standards for deployment ..................................... 17 Building UK manufacturing capability ............................................................................. 21 4. Prioritisation ...............................................................................................................
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  • COVID-19: Make It the Last Pandemic
    COVID-19: Make it the Last Pandemic Disclaimer: The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city of area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Report Design: Michelle Hopgood, Toronto, Canada Icon Illustrator: Janet McLeod Wortel Maps: Taylor Blake COVID-19: Make it the Last Pandemic by The Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness & Response 2 of 86 Contents Preface 4 Abbreviations 6 1. Introduction 8 2. The devastating reality of the COVID-19 pandemic 10 3. The Panel’s call for immediate actions to stop the COVID-19 pandemic 12 4. What happened, what we’ve learned and what needs to change 15 4.1 Before the pandemic — the failure to take preparation seriously 15 4.2 A virus moving faster than the surveillance and alert system 21 4.2.1 The first reported cases 22 4.2.2 The declaration of a public health emergency of international concern 24 4.2.3 Two worlds at different speeds 26 4.3 Early responses lacked urgency and effectiveness 28 4.3.1 Successful countries were proactive, unsuccessful ones denied and delayed 31 4.3.2 The crisis in supplies 33 4.3.3 Lessons to be learnt from the early response 36 4.4 The failure to sustain the response in the face of the crisis 38 4.4.1 National health systems under enormous stress 38 4.4.2 Jobs at risk 38 4.4.3 Vaccine nationalism 41 5.
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  • Development of New Vaccines for Tuberculosis
    August 21, 1998 / Vol. 47 / No. RR-13 TM Recommendations and Reports Development of New Vaccines for Tuberculosis Recommendations of the Advisory Council for the Elimination of Tuberculosis (ACET) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Atlanta, Georgia 30333 The MMWR series of publications is published by the Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), U.S. Department of Health and Hu- man Services, Atlanta, GA 30333. SUGGESTED CITATION Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Development of new vaccines for tu- berculosis: recommendations of the Advisory Council for the Elimination of Tuberculosis (ACET). MMWR 1998;47(No. RR-13):[inclusive page numbers]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention................................ Claire V. Broome, M.D. Acting Director The material in this report was prepared for publication by National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention ......... Helene D. Gayle, M.D., M.P.H. Director Division of Tuberculosis Elimination ...................................Kenneth G. Castro, M.D. Director The production of this report as an MMWR serial publication was coordinated in Epidemiology Program Office............................................Barbara R. Holloway, M.P.H. Acting Director Office of Scientific and Health Communications ......................John W. Ward, M.D. Director Editor, MMWR Series Recommendations and Reports................................... Suzanne M. Hewitt, M.P.A. Managing Editor Amanda Crowell Project Editor Morie M. Higgins Visual Information Specialist Use of trade names and commercial sources is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Copies can be purchased from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402-9325.
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  • COVID-19 Interim Vaccination Plan V.5 Pennsylvania
    COVID-19 Interim Vaccination Plan V.5 Pennsylvania PA COVID-19 Vaccine Task Force/PA Department of Health JANUARY 19, 2021 |VERSION 5.0 PENNSYLVANIA COVID-19 INTERIM VACCINATION PLAN Table of Contents Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….2 Section 1: COVID-19 Vaccination Preparedness Planning ......................................................................... 3 Section 2: COVID-19 Organizational Structure and Partner Involvement ................................................. 4 Section 3: Phased Approach to COVID-19 Vaccination ........................................................................... 11 Section 4: Critical Populations ................................................................................................................. 17 Section 5: COVID-19 Provider Recruitment and Enrollment ................................................................... 21 Section 6: COVID-19 Vaccine Administration Capacity ........................................................................... 25 1. Health and Medical Infrastructure .......................................................................................... 25 2. Occupational Health Clinics and Closed Points of Dispensing (PODs) ..................................... 26 3. Expanded Outreach to Ensure Vaccine Access ........................................................................ 27 4. Staffing ....................................................................................................................................
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  • State of the World's Vaccines and Immunization
    State of the world’s vaccines and immunization Third edition Suggested citation: WHO, UNICEF, World Bank. State of the world’s vaccines and immunization, 3rd ed. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009. This book is dedicated to all those individuals who work tirelessly to improve and save lives through vaccines and immunization. WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data State of the world's vaccines and immunization. -- 3rd ed. 1.Immunization programs 2.Immunization 3.Vaccines 4.Biomedical research 5.Child 6.Infant 7.Interinstitutional relations 8.International cooperation 9.Developing countries I.World Health Organization. ISBN 978 92 4 156386 4 (NLM classification: WA 110) © World Health Organization 2009 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: [email protected]). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention, or photographic illustration, of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.
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  • Progress in the Development of Potential Therapeutics and Vaccines Against COVID-19 Pandemic
    Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences (ISSN: 2581-5423) Volume 5 Issue 7 July 2021 Review Article Progress in the Development of Potential Therapeutics and Vaccines against COVID-19 Pandemic Abhishek Kumar Yadav, Shubham Kumar and Vikramdeep Monga* Received: May 02, 2021 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, Published: June 09, 2021 India © All rights are reserved by Vikramdeep *Corresponding Author: Vikramdeep Monga, Department of Pharmaceutical Monga., et al. Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India. Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19 or coronavirus disease 2019 and the same has been declared as a global pandemic by WHO which marked the third introduction of a virulent coronavirus into human society. This a threat to human life worldwide. Considerable efforts have been made for developing effective and safe drugs and vaccines against is a highly pathogenic human coronavirus in which pneumonia of unknown origin was identified in China in December 2019 and is SARS-CoV-2. The current situation and progress in the development of various therapeutic candidates including vaccines in preclini- cal and clinical studies have been described in the manuscript. Until now, many people have been infected with this lethal virus, and a lot of people have died from this COVID-19. This viral disease spreads by coming in contact with an infected person. Understand- ing of SARS-CoV-2 is growing in relation to its epidemiology, virology, and clinical management strategies. Till date, very few drugs or vaccines have been developed or approved for the treatment of this deadly disease of COVID-19 and many candidates are under the clinical development pipeline.
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  • Impact of SARS-Cov-2 Variant on the Severity of Maternal Infection and Perinatal Outcomes: Data from the UK Obstetric Surveillan
    medRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.22.21261000; this version posted July 25, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY 4.0 International license . Impact of SARS-CoV-2 variant on the severity of maternal infection and perinatal outcomes: Data from the UK Obstetric Surveillance System national cohort. Nicola Vousden PhD1, Rema Ramakrishnan PhD1, Kathryn Bunch MA1, Edward Morris MD2, Nigel Simpson MBBS3, Christopher Gale PhD4, Patrick O’Brien MBBCh,2,5, Maria Quigley MSc1, Peter Brocklehurst MSc6, Jennifer J Kurinczuk MD1, Marian Knight DPhil1 1National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK 2Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London, UK 3Department of Women's and Children's Health, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, UK 4Neonatal Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK 5Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, UK 6Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, UK *Corresponding author: Marian Knight National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK 01865 289700 [email protected] NOTE: This preprint reports new research that has not been certified by peer review and should not be used to guide clinical practice. 1 medRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.22.21261000; this version posted July 25, 2021.
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