A Publication of the Pennsylvania Rural Water Association

..- .

Winter 1995 Vol. VIII, No. 1

Pennsylvania Rural Water Association

Serving Water/Wastewater I..... Systems in Pennsylvania

Pennsylvani(l ]_?.ural ~ater Assoc_iation 138 West Bishop Bellefonte, Pennsylvania 16823 - (814) 353-9?02 FAX:· (814) 353-9341 · Here is what people are saying PENNSYLVANIA about PRWA: RURAL WATER AssociATION

Judie, Penn Township Board of Supervisors Thank you for speaking to our club on November 2, 1994. Your COBURN, PA 16832 practical experience provided valuable insight into the problems (Centre County) experienced by rural water suppliers and their causes. Look forward to seeing you on the Discovery Channel! Also, if you October 20, 1994 would like our participation in a Round Table, feel free to contact me at 814-867-9885. Pennsylvania Rural Water Association 138 West Bishop Street Sincerely, Bellefonte, PA 16823

r\CU% L, vu-r\._ To Whom This May Concern: Holly L. Dugan The Environmental Resource On October 12, 1994, Chris Sh.utt carne to the tOwnship to help locate Management Club water leaks. Penn State University We appreciate the service he rendered . He found two leaks, both service lines, and it dropped our daily use approximately 20,000 gallons. We would like to thank Chris for this help.

Sincerely, ~~ Barbara E. Shaffer Penn Township Water District Secretary

L. ROBERT KIMBALL & ASSOCIATES, INC. 615 WEST HIGHLAND AVE., P.O. BOX 1000 EBENSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA 15931 PHONE (814) 472·7700 FAX (814) 472-7712 Borough of Falls Creek J 17 Taylor Ave. October 18, 1994 Falls Creek, Pennsylvania (8 t4) 371-212 I Pennsylvania Rural Water Association 138 West Bishop Street September 27, 1994 Bellefonte, PA 16823 PA Rural Water Association Re: Association Luncheon and Industry Contact Book Mr. Steve Krchnavy 138 West Bishop Street Attention: Ms. Debra Fagan Bellefonte, PA 16823 Office Manager Dear Steve: Dear Ms. Fagan: I would like to take this opportunity to thank you for assisting the My thanks to you and the PRWA staff for an excellent meeting and lun­ Borough of Falls Creek in the audit of maintenance procedures at cheon last week. It is easy to see why PRWA is doing so well. the water treatment plant. As we discussed, here is L. Robert Kimball & Associates, Jnc."s The Borough has followed your recommendation and hired anoth· "Information Sheet."' Please include this Kimball information in the next er full-time employee to help the operator. They have begun doing Industry Contact Booklet. some of the maintenance and housekeeping items that were dis­ If you have any questions or if I can help in any way, please call. cussed. I would also like to request that yo'U put the Borough Falls Creek Sincerely. on your waiting list for 1he use of the leak detection equipment. We ~7t. . P~~ would like to check for leaks in some suspected problem areas. Thank you again for your help. Lewis N. Powell, P.E. Department Head Sincerely, - Municipal Engineering ~~ Vance E. Oakes Borough Manager the ~ystonef~P- Articles and Features: PRWABOARD The President's Message ...... 3 OF DIRECTORS Solid, Liquid, Gas. Which Form of Chlorine Is Best for Me? ...... 5 Dave Quinn Guy Shaffer Why Should I Have A Cross Connection White Haven, Pennsylvania Bellefonte, Pennsylvania Control Program ...... 6 President Assistant Sec.-Treas. NEXT TIME: An Open Letter To Rural Water Jan Gallo Patrick Regan Association Members ...... 8 Clymer, Pennsylvania Carroll town, Pennsylvania Affordable Alternative Filtration Technology Vice President Director Approval ...... 10 PRWA Featured System ...... 15 L. Edmund Wilson, Jr. Robert J. Blough II Management of Water Treatment Alexandria, Pennsylvania Jennerstown, Pennsylvania Secretary Director Plant Residuals ...... 17 Save Water- Save Money ...... 20 Teresa Rissmiller PRWA Reviews '94 ...... 21 Elizabeth, Pennsylvania From Our Point of View ...... 26 Treasurer PRWA System Members ...... 29 PRWA -Staff Associate Members ...... 31 Stephen M. Krchnavy, Program Manager/CSO Keystone Krier Korner ...... 32 Geri Ramsier, Wastewater Technical & Training Specialist Down the Well Traveled Road ...... 35 Judith M. Muehl, Groundwater Technician Chris L. Shutt, Water Circuit Rider Judy Gets Thanked ...... 36 Charles Groff, Wastewater Circuit Rider SPWA Builds New Water Treatment Plant ..... 37 Debra L. Fagan, Office Administrator One More Thing! ...... 38 Dick Eyler, Accountant What's On Tap ...... 38 Donna Miller, Membership/Training Countryboy Chuck's Corner ...... 38 DeeAna Baumgardner, Receptionist Rash Limburger ...... 39 You Know What I Was Thinking ...... 39 Cooperation ... The Magic Word That Makes Groundwater Protection Work! ...... 41 Classified Ads ...... 47 NOTICE TO READERS Backflow Prevention ...... 49 Drips and Drops ...... 51 & 52 Pennsylvania Rural Water Association would like to The Washington Report ...... 54 & 55 invite you to prepare a short article about your water/wastewater system or other topics which would PRWA Trainings ...... 58 & 60 be of interest to our readers. We also welcome articles The Diffuser ...... 59 from our Associate members. Share your news with us. Send your articles with black and white photographs, if The KEYSTONE TAP is the official publication of the PENNSYLVANIA available, to: RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION, 138 West Bishop Street, Bellefonte, PA 16823, and is published quarterty for distribution to representatives of Rural PRWA and Municipal Water Supplies. Issues are mailed free of charge to member 138 West Bishop Street rural water associations. Articles and photographs are encouraged with Bellefonte, PA 16823 payment in complimentary copies. For more information regarding this pub· Tele: 814-353-9302/Fax: 814-353-9341 lication, contact the PRWA office, 138 West Bishop Street, Bellefonte, PA 16823, 814-353-9302. LAYNE WELL & PUMP DIVISION GROUND WATER SUPPLY WELLS & PUMPS SALES & SERVICE GROUND WATER ~ONITORING / RECOVERY WELLS P.O . Box 7 88 • Meadvillle, Pennsylvania 16335 800-331-5651 (814) 425-7505

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Exton, PA Offices (215) 363-8480 Nationwide 2 THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE

Dear Members and Friends: 1994 was an exciting year for PRWA, and with your support we can expect another exciting year. I would like to take this Not for profit-Not for Charity -But for Service. opportunity to cordially Thank you, everyone, for your loyal and continued support. invite everyone to attend the PRWA Conference on Sincerely, March 26, 27 and 28 at the Nittany Lion Inn in State U~t?/~ College. Anyone connected David Quinn with water/wastewater in Board of Directors President any way cannot afford to Pennsylvania Rural Water Association miss this conference. Don't miss out on the chance to gather up all the informa­ "It is the mark of an tion that will be offered. Remember to attend the Annual Business Meeting at the Conference. PRWA is your association, and we inexperienced man need your input. Please make a point at the conference to introduce yourself to me. not to believe in luck." With the new congress we need everyone to become active in the legislative process. Write your congressman and voice your opinion. Together we can make a difference. - Joseph Conrad

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TEcHNICAL PRoDucTs CoRPORATION Specialties Chemical Corp. RURAL WATER SERVICES DIVISION . 1-717-848-2540 1520 High Street· Portsmouth, Virginia 23704 Phone: 804·399-5009 FAX: 804-397-0914 :STEENSON & ASSOCIATES, INC. 4 1-412-346-0397 SOLID, LIQUID, GAS. WHICH FORM OF CHLORINE IS BEST FOR ME? by Diane Haskette, President, Chlorinators Inc.

ing equipment" (the chlorinator) mounts directly on the container. As a comparison: A. To equal the chlorine available from one 150-lb. chlorine cylinder, you would need to use: 1. 180 gallons of sodium hypochlorite 2. 228 pounds of calcium hypochlorite B. To equal the chlorine available form a one-TON chlorine container, you would need to use: 1. 2,400 gallons of sodium hypochlorite. 2. 3,040 pounds of calcium hypochlorite. When it comes to actually injecting the chlorine into the water, gas chlorinators utilize a vacuum created by water flowing through a venturi in the "ejector" to draw chlorine directly from the cylinder. Feeding sodium hypochlorite and granular calcium hypochlorite (slurry) requires a metering pump. Calcium hypochlorite in tablet form requires some form of solid metering device. If it is consistency and repeatability of feed rate that is critical, gas is again superior. The gas is essentially 100% pure elemental chlorine (in both liquid and gaseous state Inside the cylinder) and remains at that strength until the container is empty, no matter how long It is stored. Sodium and calcium hypochlorite degrade as they age, releasing chlorine into the air. This requires constantly increasing the feed rate to maintain dosage level, and doing this typically requires pre- or secondary­ mixing. (Changing the feed rate of gas systems, if ever There is no question that the use of chlorine offers you required, is simply a matter of adjusting a knob on the a highly effective - quite possibly the most effective - chlorinator). way to purify water and wastewater. Finally, on the subject of safety, statistics reveal that the The only question is, which form of chlorine should you form of chlorine most involved In accidents and injuries is use? the liquid form, sodium hypochlorite. When used as a Chlorine is supplied as a gas, as a liquid, and as a bleach, with other cleansing agents, sodium hypochlorite solid. The gas is 100% elemental chlorine (CI2) and is can release quantities of hazardous gasses. Rags supplied in 150-lb. cylinders (1 0" in diameter and about soaked with sodium hypochlorite can burst spontaneous­ 55" high) and in 2000-ib. (ton} containers (30" Inches in ly into flame when left too near a heat source or in con­ diameter and 82" inches long). The liquid is sodium tact with an entire group of chemicals. And sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI, commonly used as laundry bleach). hypochlorite can badly irritate skin and damage eyes. And the solid is calcium hypochlorite (Ca(OCI)2), avail­ Calcium hypochlorite can also damage skin and eyes. A able in granular form or as tablets. match dropped into a drum of the granules or tablets can If cost is an issue, chlorine gas is a clear choice. set it afire; contact with oily rags in hot, humid conditions Calcium hypochlorite is only 65% available chlorine, sodi­ can cause spontaneous combustion; and if dropped, a um hypochlorite only 12'/z%. In a recent survey of prices sealed container of calcium hypochlorite can explode. in eight regions of the U.S., sodium hypochlorite cost two And as they degrade, sodium and calcium hypochlorite to four times as much per available chlorine as the gas, vent chlorine into the air. and calcium chlorite three to seven times as much. Chlorine gas, on the other hand, is neither flammable Feed equipment design and product packaging also nor explosive. Modern cylinder mounted gas feeding sys­ favor chlorine gas. Modern gas feeding equipment' occu­ tems draw chlorine from the container with a vacuum, so pies very little space - basically, the area of the contain­ that a failure of any system component results not in er (less than a square foot for the 150-lb cylinder and 17 release of chlorine into the air, but an automatic and square feet for the ton containers) - because the "feed- immediate shut-off of the chlorine.

5 "WHY SHOULD I HAVE A CROSS CONNECTION CONTROL PROGRAM?" By Mary Howell-BMI When asked, "Why should I have a cross connection bottled water, having to shower with all the windows control program in my water system?" I normally answer opened so the PCE was not inhaled, and the FEAR- the the question with a question: "Would you allow your six- fear of cancer and the fear of losing their homes if an teen year old to skydive without health insurance?" alternative supply of water could not be found. As water purveyors, we are charged with an incredible It is true that setting up an active, ongoing cross connec- responsibility - to provide clean, safe drinking water. We tion program can be time-consuming and costly. But in take great pride, or should take great pride, in providing the long run, a good program can save money, jobs, and "the gift of life." But what happens to that gift when it even lives. leaves the source and enters the distribution system? Where do you begin? Having a cross connection ordi- What happens when the parachute does not open? What nance written specifically for each individual water system have you done to protect your product? is the cornerstone of a good program. If the cornerstone I travel all over this country talking about cross connec- is nonexistent or weak, your program will reflect this. tions, and I am involved in setting up programs in water The first step in preparing an ordinance is to begin the systems ranging in size from 15 to 133,000 service con- process of communication. Involve the decision makers nections. The focus and complaints are the same every- such as the fire marshall, plumbing inspectors, city attar- where: "I will never get this past my Board. The water neys, and, of course, your board. Send them clear, simple users will never go for this. I don't want to stir things up." information on what a cross connection is and why you Recently, in a certification class I was teaching, someone need a program. Remember, most people have never said to me: "If I bring this up to my boss, he will just heard of a cross connection. If they do not understand, replace me!" they will not support you. Walk in their shoes and remem- We have to find the money for all the new analysis, even ber how humiliating it is when your son or daughter asks though the cost of analysis to the average water district you to help with their homework and you can't because has tripled in the last five years. Yet we hesitate to protect you don't understand. The feeling is the same. our precious commodity. Isn't the prevention less expen- Listen to the fire marshall and plumbing inspectors. sive than the cure? What are they really saying? My experience has been I have been involved in a project in "rural America" over that they want to do a good job and save lives. So do you. the last three years that has taken approximately 9,500 You are on the same team. Work together. It is the only working hours and has cost over a million dollars. A pri- way you can have a win/win situation. All of our jobs are vately owned water district with 87 service connections, of too important to create a win/lose scenario. which 86 were residential connections and one was a Your ordinance will need to be written in the same for- commercial connection, collected their Phase I samples mat as other documents used by your water districts. For as required. The original samples and follow-up samples example, do you need an ordinance, bylaws, or a resolu- showed levels of PCE in the water at 106 parts per billion. lion? Use simple and direct language. Be clear. Do not The safe allowable limit is five parts per billion. complicate an already difficult job. Several years ago the one commercial connection was a Address problems unique to your district such as flood dry cleaner, and PCE is a by-product of dry cleaning plains, farmlands, commercial areas, and unique plumb- chemicals. It is believed that the contamination came from ing arrangements. Know your trouble areas and identify this establishment and could have been avoided with a them. Discuss who is paying for the installation, testing, good wellhead protection and cross connection control and repair of the BACKFLOW assemblies. program. In 1973, instituting a cross connection control The following decisions need to be made before the program in this system would have cost less than $2,000. document can be written: What are some of the unique The annual upkeep of the program would have been $500 situations you face? How are you going to address rental per year- less than 50 cents per month per service con- properties? How are you going to address residential ser- nection. The current owners {who were not the owners in vice connections? Remember, contamination from a resi- 1973) and the 131 retired senior citizens (with an average dential connection is as equally devastating as contami- income of less than $10,000 per year) would now be nation from a commercial one. There are high hazard res- strong advocates of a good cross connection control pro- idential services such as solar systems, darkrooms, and gram. antifreeze flush kits. Are point-of-use installations or The comments regarding the cost, the inconvenience, premise isolations going to be accepted? the political pressure, the one-in-a-million chance of it Be consistent. If an exception is made for one person, happening here, the fact that they have been drinking the be prepared to make the same exception for everyone. water all of their lives and it always tastes good, these all Your ordinance can be more stringent than regulations set seem so trivial compared to the r reality of having to drink out by enforcement agencies. Cross connection hazards

6 Why Should I Have A Cross Connection? are created every day, every time a hardware store on this planet. opens. How many times have we heard about cost-effective­ When it is time to take the document to the governing ness? It is true that we need to make wise judgements, board for approval, invite your water users and allow them but what is the value of human life? When I get asked that to vent their frustrations. Expect a major question to be question, again I answer with a question: "If the life we whether or not this will cost them money. I encourage you are discussing is the life of your child, your spouse, or to answer honestly. Also invite the enforcement agency to your parent, what is it worth to you?" your public meeting. Gone are the days when running a water system was Once the ordinance is adopted, communicate with all just a way to spend time. It is a profession with incredible water users that their water -system has a program responsibilities. It is a career in which each and every one because you care about their health. The costs for inform­ of us must take a deep sense of pride. I encourage and ing all users of what they can and cannot do with a simple challenge you to take pride in what you do. Inform and garden hose is minor compared to the potential cost of educate your water users regarding the enormous keeping our heads in the sand. responsibility you have and how they can help leave our We must dispel the myth that water is our Godgiven corner of the world a little bit better than the way we found right. It falls from the sky and just arrives in our pipes, it. therefore it should be free. We have chosen a profession that is vital not only to us, but to our future generations who are depending on us to leave some drinkable water

The Chlorine Issue SHALL WE THROW THE BABY OUT WITH THE BATHWATER ... OR NOT? By Diane Haskett

Since its discovery about 100 years ago, chlorine has areas, strict regulations have been implemented. Virtually allowed society to develop large, heavily populated areas 100% of the ch lorine used is consumed or neutralized free from many of the diseases and health hazards that using simple and effective methods. Because of the effi­ had formerly killed thousands of people. cient manner in which chlorine is handled, there is no But while chlorine continues to be the best disinfectant negative impact on the environment at all. ever discovered for us in drinking water supplies and Certainly in these areas, condemnation of chlorine is sewage and wastewater treatment, the Clinton totally unwarranted. Not only does chlorination do no Administration's initiative regarding chlorine is to "ulti­ harm to the environment, but it is still the most widely mately eliminate its use" not only as a disinfectant, but in effective form of disinfection known. Alternative forms of the chemical and pharmaceutical industries as well. (Over disinfection, in addition to being less effective than chlori­ 60% of all chemicals and 85% of all pharmaceuticals in nation, do not afford protection and safeguards to human some way involve the use of chlorine.) And in all cases, health as well as, and as completely as chlorine. In the the objections to chlorine are based on the harmful effects future this might change. But for now, experts agree that on the environment of by-products resulting from its use. definitive, long term studies are required before any Consequently, a monumental battle - with billions of judgement can be made. dollars and thousands of jobs at stake - is shaping up Chlorinators Incorporated is actively involved in this between industry and environmentalists. Industry says, issue. We have written to our Congressmen and Senators "Let's look at each problem individually, if there's a by­ and will continue to work through the proper channels to product that harms the environment, we'll solve it either help bring about a rational conclusion to the current anti­ by eliminating chlorine, or in some other way." chlorine initiative. We urge you, as interested and Environmentalists say, "If we eliminate chlorine complete­ involved participants, to do likewise. ly, we don't have to address the issue of by-products at For additional comments, contact Chlorinators Inc., 4125 all." S.W. Martin Highway, Palm City, FL 34990, 407/288- Water, wastewater and sewage treatment consume 4854, 800/327-9761, 407/287-3238 (FAX). about 5% of the total production of chlorine, and in these

7 AN OPEN LETTER TO RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION MEMBERS By Kim R. Benjamin, Water Utility Manager, Bradford City Water Authority NEXT TIME Next time you are working in the field on routine repairs or new construction and gaze into an unshielded excavation, pause a moment and think about Todd Hogue. Todd Hogue awoke the morning of November 14, 1994, and went off to his labor job at the Bradford Sewage Treatment Plant; just as he drove every weekday for the previous three years. It was to be a routine Monday. Just the beginning of another week of the daily tasks involved in typical utility infrastructure work and laboring around a sewage plant facility. It would be friendly conversations with co-workers, no doubt the usual verbal jousting that occurs in a predominantly male environment. Nothing out of the ordinary in the field, working and sweating and accomplishing the projects at hand. Just a routine day, in a routine job, on a routine work project. It was shortly after 12:00 p.m. just this last early fall after­ noon when Todd stepped into the unshielded eight-foot work excavation near the sewage plant where new pipe was being laid. From the instant the surrounding earth let go and engulfed Todd, the term routine no longer described the day. Todd never knew of the frantic efforts of his stunned co-workers to uncover him, nor the paramedics' valiant attempts to revive him, nor of the local hospital emergency room physicians and staff striving for a miracle. Coroners' reports indicate that Todd died instantly. Statistics take on a whole new meaning when you apply a name and a familiar face to the numbers. One hundred work­ ers perish every year in trench cave-ins. That, however, is just a number until your co-worker, or your friend, or your rela­ tive is the statistic. I am not quite sure why employers and employees generally fail to recognize holes in the ground for the death cham­ bers that they are. A fireman would never rush into a burning building without all the proper equipment and full support gear. A policeman does not respond to a potentially dangerous situation without a weapon and a bullet-proof vest and back-up. These professionals recognize through training and experience that these are life-threatening situations that demand certain specific procedures be followed. When policemen and firemen choose their professions, they know they may risk their lives on every call. I do not believe utility people ever consider that part of their daily bargain. Utility workers such as Todd that die in their line of work are not accorded the policemen and firemen formal pageantry of a Governor's and a Mayoral proclamation, twenty-one-gun salute, or a parade by co-workers in full dress uniform. But the relatives, co-workers, and friends of Todd were just as grieved, and in some regards theirs is a greater loss. Utility workers are not supposed to die in their routine line of work. Unfortunately to the untrained eye, or from lack of experience, or, worse yet, from a disregarding attitude or ignorance; a hole in the ground is not considered life threatening. The friends, relatives and co-workers of a hundred people a year know differently. By definition, the term infrastructure brings to mind something that stands the test of time. It is not unusu­ al for infrastructure to last a hundred years or more. It is the result of how well a job was done, not how fast it was accom­ plished. The short-time required to shore a trench is insignificant in the long run. Customer service should never extend to unnecessarily putting lives at risk for the mere sake of a twentieth century convenience. Words such as accident, misfortune and tragedy are often used to describe and sum up an incident where someone is seriously injured in the workplace. However, these commonly used terms severely understate the true anguish, human trauma and permanent emotional scars that spread to everyone involved. Human nature dictates that a sudden sense of responsibility and remorse shall overwhelm employer and employees alike. As an employer or as an employee, you would never want the anguish of losing a co-worker for any reason. A preventable loss leaves everyone involved even more internally crippled. There is a Greek proverb that states "Whom the Gods favor die young" and therein perhaps lies the greatest tragedy, Todd was but twenty-one years old. Think of twenty-one-year-old Todd Hogue when you gaze into that unshielded hole in the ground Next Time . ...

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SDWA DIES by Robert Johnson, National Rural Water Association

The reauthorization of the SDWA did not pass Congress this year. Although both the House and Senate passed their own version of the SDWA, in the end they could not agree on a compromise. There was an attempt in the Senate to pass another SDWA bill that might be more agreeable to the House, but that effort failed. All of our efforts were not in vain. Throughout this year, we have developed an excellent working relationship with the Coalition and many members of the Congressional Toni S. Lomas Environment Committees. Many of you developed closer Administrative Assistant relationships with your elected officials. Since the predic­ tions were right, and more conservative Congressmen P.O. Box 2907 • 5400 Kansas Ave. • Kansas City, KS 66110 were elected in November, we stand a much better Telephone: 913/621-3700 • FAX: 91 3/621-2145 chance of achieving a workable drinking water bill in the next Congress. A year from now we may be very thankful that no bill passed this year. We are beginning our prepa­ rations right now.

9 AFFORDABLE ALTERNATIVE FILTRATION TECHNOLOGY APPROVAL by John W Briggs, Main Line Distributors, Inc.

Main Line Distributors, Inc., of King of Prussia, micron sizes; this information is fed into an on-board com­ Pennsylvania, is proud to announce the successful com­ puter to monitor and document all filter runs. The pilot unit pletion of a one-year, four-season pilot study on the influ­ is also equipped with polymer feed pumps, chlorination ent waters of the 64 Water Company located in Lamar, equipment, and pH adjustment equipment. Pennsylvania, using the EPD (Environmental Products During the first part of September 1993, DER approved Division of Hottinger Industries, Inc.) filtration system. The the Protocol. Main Line immediately scheduled the pilot following is a quick over view of what is involved in such a for the last two weeks of September, so that they could study. catch the last two weeks of the Summer Season as One of the many people who stopped at the Main Line established by DER. Distributors, Inc. booth at the 1993 Pennsylvania Rural Each season's pilot test ran for approximately a ten-day Water Association Conference at the Nittany Lion Inn, in to a two-week period of time. The system ran continuous­ State College, was Fred Courter, the operator of the 64 ly from the day of start-up of the pilot until completion. Water Company in Lamar. Fred was attracted to Main Complete detailed notes were kept on each days activi­ Line's booth due to our full-scale, single-stage EPD ties. (Environmental Products Division of Hottinger Industries, A Giardia test was conducted during each season's run Inc.) filtration system. After reviewing the equipment at the and sent to a State Approved Laboratory for analysis. The booth Fred recommended that Main Line contact Nevine laboratory also tested for Cryptosporidium and algae dur­ Courter, the owner of the 64 Water Company. ing each season. The 64 Water Company, is a small (135 connection) pri­ Daily tests were required on total and fecal coliform, vately held water company, located in the Nittany Valley of color, pH, chlorine, and water temperature. Every other Clinton County. Their water source is surface water, and day additional testing was required on alkalinity, alu­ 64 was rapidly approaching its compliance date for filtra­ minum, hardness, iron, and manganese of the influent tion. and effluent. Weather conditions, temperature and After meeting with Nevine Courter, the owner, and pre­ rain/snow fall during the entire period were also required senting him a price estimate on the cost of a complete to be documented. EPD filtration system (up to 84% less expensive than con­ At the completion of each season's pilot test, a complete ventional technology) and an estimate of his daily opera­ deta1led report of each day's runs, testing, backwashing, tional cost of the EPD system, it was decided to arrange a etc. were developed. The daily filtration performance was meeting with the North Central Regional Office of DER, in documented accurately by the on-board computer, which Williamsport. This meeting was held in June 1993. Main provided detailed graphs showing the influent, effluent Line presented to the Regional Office the EPD filtration and log reduction in each of the four micron size ranges technology and requested the opportunity to do a pilot being documented. The computer also provided a test on the 64 Water Company's influent water. detailed written report of each sample taken (96 samples During the months of July and August 1993, the in a 24-hour period) indicating the sample number and Williamsport Office of DER provided Main Line with the time taken; the number of particles in each of the four requirements for a four-season pilot study for the 64 micron sizes monitored for the influent and effluent; a Water Company. Main Line then developed a written report showing the log reduction between the influent and Protocol of the pilot study, which was then submitted to effluent for each sample taken; a total daily average of the Regional DER Office for their review and approval. particles in each micron size monitored, log reduction in Main Line would not start the pilot study until a written each micron size monitored, and percentage of samples approval was received on the Protocol so that everyone which did not conform to a 0.2 NTU size or less of the involved knew exactly what was expected of each party effluent. involved in the project. Once each season's report was completed, it was deliv­ Main Line made arrangements with EPD for usage of ered to the W illiamsport Office of DER. DER then one of three specially designed and construc~ed trailer reviewed each report line by line. A meeting was sched­ mounted pilot units. The pilot trailer consists of two 2.2 uled at the completion of each review to discuss the pilot square filters, one representing the first stage and one results and to determine if any alterations in the originally representing the second stage. The pilot unit is equipped submitted and approved Protocol was necessary. , with Hach turbidimeters with data loggers to provide a The pilot filter trailer worked off the natural NTU of the constant record of the turbidity of the influent, effluent of water source for both the Summer Season (September) the first stage and effluent of the second stage; two Met­ and the Fall Season (November) pilot study. The natural One particle counters, which provide a constant record of NTU of the influent during these two seasons ranged from the particle sizes of the influent and the effluent in four 1.67 to 0.33. 1 0 After the completion of the first two season's pilot test­ 5.0 to 10.0 microns=3.504 log reduction average ing, the Williamsport Office of DER requested that the (Giardia/Cryptosporidium range) EPD filters be tested on higher influent NTU. DER felt that 10.0 to 20.0 microns=3.883 log reduction average the EPD filtration technology had proven its ability to han­ 20.0 to 30.0 microns=3.888 log reduction average dle low turbidity influent water. The Final Report was delivered to DER Williamsport in Upon arrival in early March to conduct the Winter June 1994. Several correspondence and meetings were Season test, (3 1/2 feet plus of snow on the ground) the held during the months of June, July and August to review natural influent NTU was 0.31 and less. It was determined the Final Report and complete all the necessary docu­ that Main Line would create turbidity for the influent to the mentation. plant. Dirt from the water shed was obtained and fed into On August 31st, 1994, the Williamsport Office of DER, a barrel which was outfitted with a chemical mixer and a approved the EPD Filtration Technology for the 64 Water feed pump. After several days of testing mixing ratios and Company, in Lamar, Pennsylvania. Currently 64 Water is pump feed rates, a feed rate to provide a influent NTU of working on the final details on financing, design and per­ 6.5 plus was decided upon. mitting. Installation of the EPD Filtration System is expect­ After review of the third season's test results DER decid­ ed in early Winter 1994. ed that they wanted Main Line to run at various levels of The Williamsport Office of DER stated in their approval influent NTU during the Spring Season (fourth and final letter of August 31st that as other sites within the Region season) of pilot testing. The natural NTU during the show interest in the EPD Filtration Technology that a limit­ Spring Season which was conducted in April of 1994,· was ed one-season (1 0-day to two-week) pilot would be 0.64 to 0.71. Spiking of this influent was conducted during required to show the proposed system's similarity with the this season to create influent in the 10, 15 and 20 NTU waters of the 64 Water Company. DER Central Office in ranges. Harrisburg, has concurred with this and is sending a After submittal of the Spring Season pilot test results, a memo to the six Regional Offices indicating the same. final report of all four seasons of pilot testing was pre­ Currently Main Line is working with several water compa­ pared. The final report reviewed in detail all the various nies throughout the Commonwealth and has several one­ tests previously conducted. The final report showed that season pilot Protocols under review. As this article goes to the EPD filtration technology had provided log reduction press, several pilot studies have already been scheduled. averages for all four seasons in the following micron Any interested water companies are welcome to call and ask ranges: for details at 800-367-7005 or 717-646-7994. 2.5 to 5.0 microns=2.809 log reduction average (Cryptosporidium start range)

1 1 When was the last time you TO STATE AND saw your Investment Banker ENVIRONMENTAL EDITORS: at the construction site? PENNSYLVANIA DER NOTIFIES WATER SYSTEMS OF NEW MONITORING REQUIREMENTS

The state Department of Environmental Resources (DER) has begun notifying public water suppliers in Pennsylvania that they must begin monitoring drinking The successful completion ofa an teres\ rates and payments and munkipat bond trnns.actlon slruct.u.re .. rtna.nc.ing ror you thal water for an expanded list of synthetic organic chemicals, requires o Cl'••t deal of knowledge w•ll perlecdy til both your future including many pesticides, beginning in January. Federal and skilL Experience is a tremen· plans and yout fiscaJ picture. dous asset, too. R.RZ i.8 the most Sinoe our founding in 1978 we experienced underwriter of mwllc· Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations hav~ earned the respecl, trust, ip~Jl debt in the Com.monweaJth o( business and thanks· of hundre& adopted in 1993 required monitoring for an expanded list Pennsylvania, with more than $22 or muntdpal ad.rninist.rat()rs in billion of successful tax..exempt of chemicals including 15 inorganic chemicals, 21 volatile four slate5 flnanci.ng to our credit. And now. we're p~pared to organic chemicals and 43 synthetic organic chemicals. In Res< assured that RRZ will ask make yo1.1r lafe tatier. the past year, DER completed a statewide assessment of you Lhe nght questions so that we act:crat.ely det.erm..ine your current For a

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1 6 MANAGEMENT OF WATER TREATMENT PLANT RESIDUALS John K. O'Connell

Inasmuch as the objective of water treatment is to personnel responsible for the daily operation of the facility remove undesirable contaminants and suspended materi­ in order to develop a better understanding of the residual als from water in order to make it safe for human con­ volumes that are generated at the facility. sumption, water treatment residuals are a direct byprod­ Generally speaking, one option for reducing the total vol­ uct of the treatment process. Simply put, water treatment ume of residuals generated at a water treatment facility is residuals are the contaminants and materials removed to remove as much excess water as possible in order to during the treatment process. This process waste stream increase the solids concentration of the residuals. Another also includes water which is carried over when the residu­ option is to reduce the amounts of solids present in the als are collected and removed from the various treatment residuals. In many cases, the best option may actually be basins. a combination of the two. Some areas of concern relative Effective residual management involves the proper plan­ to the volume of residuals produced are: ning and implementation of detailed policies and proce­ • Optimization of coagulant dosage in order to minimize dures as well as the operation of any special facilities excess chemical precipitation. In certain cases, it may required to lawfully handle and dispose of the water treat­ be worthwhile to evaluate whether alternative coagu­ ment residuals. The planning and implementation of a lants and coagulant aids can produce a finished water residual management program can be approached in quality equal to or better than the present results while many different ways; however, essentially every manage­ reducing the corresponding volume of residuals. ment program is derived from two principle considerations • Efficiency of the chemical feed and mixing systems in - environmental and regulatory requirements and the order to reduce the amounts of excess chemicals in costs of implementing and maintaining the program. the residual stream. From a practical, as well as a technical, standpoint, the • Control of residual withdrawals from the sedimentation first objective of the residual management plan should be basins to maximize the solids content of the residual to minimize the amount of waste material. In the past, stream. when the discharge of the water treatment plant residuals • Efficiency of the filter backwash cycle to reduce the to adjacent receiving waters was common and economi­ volume of the residual stream and to determine if the cal, little attention was paid to optimizing the treatment filter backwash water can be recovered, decanted, and processes in order to minimize the waste stream. As fed­ returned to the plant headworks. eral and state clean water laws become increasingly strin­ With a better understanding of how process-related fac­ gent, this method of disposal is gradually being discontin­ tors influence the volume of residuals produced, the plan­ ued and replaced with technologies and procedures ning process can then expand to encompass other issues intended to minimize the waste stream and to promote noted in Figure 1 such as waste reduction methods, handling and disposal options which are more consistent applicability of conditioning and thickening, feasibility of with prevailing regulatory requirements. The advent of recovery and recycle, dewatering options and final dis­ these new technologies and procedures has, in most ·posal. cases, increased the costs of handling and disposing of As previously discussed, waste reduction is the appro­ the waste stream. As a result, the costs of handling and priate starting point for any residuals management plan. disposing of the residuals is now more closely related to In water treatment plants, the process waste streams are the quantity and quality of the residuals being generated. fairly dilute. Therefore, it is a common practice to remove Since the costs of transporting and disposing of the resid­ excess water by decanting and to allow the solids to con­ uals generally accounts for the majority of the residuals centrate through prolonged settling. Under current regula­ management costs, it makes sense from both an ,eco­ tory guidelines, a program must be established that pro­ nomic and technical standpoint to minimize the quantity of vides for the lawful disposal of the settled residuals on a residuals. regular basis and also provides for the reuse or permitted Figure 1 illustrates a study and evaluation flow diagram discharge of the decanted water. that can be used when evaluating and planning a residu­ Additional technologies for removing excess water and als management program. As illustrated by this diagram, for thickening the settled solids are available and the the evaluation of residual quantities is an appropriate applicability of these technologies to specific situations . starting point during the planning process. During this must be evaluated on a case by case basis. Thickening phase of the planning process, background information through the use of a dewatering lagoon is one of several on the existing water treatment facility as well as water non-mechanical options available for reducing residual quality and laboratory analytical data should be reviewed. volumes. Lagoons are a fairly common means for thicken­ It is also helpful to conduct site visits to the water treat­ ing and they are primarily used at sites that have an ment facility to observe the facility in operation and to abundance of available land. A longstanding problem with interview the engineering and water treatment operations lagoons is the inappropriate use of the lagoon as an ulti- 1 7 Federal and State Regulatory Requirements l

Water I I I I I Feasibility of Final Treatment Evaluation of Applicability Dewatering Recovery and Disposal Residual of Options ~ Recycle Options Plant Quantities Conditioning Residuals I I I I I Optimization Applicability Coagulant Non- Permitted Landfill of Treatment of Thickening ... Lagoons Mechanical Recovery Mechanical Landfill ~ Alternatives Processes Technologies I I I I I Feasibility of Backwash Backwash Pressure Public Lagoons Safety Recovery Recovery Filtration and Recycle Sewer I I

Centrifugation Sand Drying Beds I Vacuum Vacuum Filtration Drying Beds I Bell Filter Press I • Public NPDES Sanitary Discharge Sewer

mate means of disposal with little or no maintenance or associated with alum; however, it has been used to recov­ attendance. This often results in the unsatisfactory perfor­ er iron coagulants as well. The effectiveness of the mance of the lagoons and compliance problems with reg­ process was evaluated by the American Water Works ulatory authorities. Research Association in 1991 and, under the proper con­ In some cases, sludge conditioning can be an effective ditions, was found to have potential for reducing the vol­ means for reducing the volume of residuals requiring dis­ ume of residuals requiring ultimate disposal. Coagulant posal. In water treatment facilities, the most common recovery has been receiving increased attention because method of sludge conditioning is the addition of polymers of the continuing escalation of residuals disposal costs. during the settling and dewatering processes. Freezing is While coagulant recovery may warrant consideration for another effective method for sludge conditioning, particu­ larger water treatment facilities, the technology has not, larly for metal hydroxide based sludges. Natural freezing, for the most part, developed to the point where it would which can be effectively used in the colder regions of the be a cost-effective alternative for small water systems. country, generally occurs in the lagoon basin, and it is Recovery of the backwash waste water stream, decanti­ quite effective in producing a high solids residual that can ng the excess water, and recycling the decanted water be readily handled by standard excavating equipment. back to the plant headworks is a fairly common means for The recovery of aluminum and iron coagulants from the satisfying zero-discharge requirements. This scheme has waste stream by adding acid to the sludges to solubilize been widely embraced in the past; however, recent con­ the metal ion salts has also been used sporadically for a cerns about the undesirable recirculation of Giardia cysts, number of years. This process is similar to the process cryptosporidium, and other microorganisms have caused used to manufacture the original commercially prepared some states to take a new look at the recovery and reuse coagulant; however, it has not seen widespread use in the of the process waste streams. water treatment industry. Coagulant recovery is primarily With the advent of increasingly stringent federal and 1 8 Management of Water Treatment Plant state discharge regulations, more and more water treat­ ment plants are resorting to disposing of liquid residuals via the public sewer. This is particularly true when the water treatment facility and the public sewer are both Olander owned and operated by the same municipal agency. Under the disposal method, the responsibility for han­ OBrophy, dling and disposal of the solids is, in general, transferred to the wastewater treatment plant in exchange for a Inc. monthly fee. In practice, this process is not as simple as it sounds. Consideration mus.t_be given to the ability of the-public sewer system and the wastewater treatment "Providing New Pump Equipment facility to safely handle the additional hydraulic and solids loading imposed by the water treatment plant waste & Servicing Since 1934. stream. Because of the high flow rates generated during the filter backwash cycle, care must be taken to provide for the measured discharge of these flows to the public Representing: sewer without creating undesirable hydraulic surcharges • Peerless • Goulds or plug flow surges. In any case, potential hydraulic over­ • Worthington • F.E. Myers loading of the public sewer can be mitigated by providing • Grundfos • Berkley surge storage at the water treatment facility and provid­ • Hydr-o-matic • Vaughan ing a steady, controlled discharge to the public sewer. • Reda • Pleuger Mechanical dewatering is expensive, and its inclusion in • Chern Tech • MTHTool any residual management plan requires careful consider­ ation. A further consideration is that mechanical dewater­ 2300 Eldo Road ing is only a means of further reducing the residual vol­ Monroeville, PA 15146 um~::; it is not a means of ultimate disposal. A final dispos­ Phone: 412-372-71 03 al option must still be found for the dewatered residuals. Nevertheless, in areas of the country where the hauling and disposal costs for residuals are quite high, the addi­ tional capital expended to further reduce the residual vol­ umes may be justifiable. THOMAS, THOMAS, Non-mechanical dewatering is generally less costly than mechanical dewatering; however. additional land ARMSTRONG & NIESEN area is required. Additionally, non-mechanical dewatering Attorneys and C ounseilo•·s a t L aw in itself is not an ultimate disposal option and the dewa­ 212 Locust Street tered solids and filtrate must still be properly disposed of. P. 0 . Bo" 9500 The quantities and characteristics of the residuals pro­ Httrrisburg, PA !7108 ~ 9600 duced as a by-product of the water treatment process are (71 7) 255-7600 closely related to the quality of the water being treated, the chemicals that are added to the water, and the vari­ ous treatment processes that are employed. Therefore, a Offering a full range of legal services ro municipalities, fundamental understanding of these issues and how they specifically relate to the operation of a water treatment authorities, and public utilities, including: facility is essential to developing a comprehensive resid­ ual handling and disposal management plan. • Penn Vest Applications • DER Compliance . Rare Filings . Acquisitions • Srock Transfers . Securities Issuances . Customer Complaints "Judy wants to . Corporate Maners see you at the . T rial and Appellate Practice Conference" CONTACT: D. Mark Thomas, Esq. John G. Shorr, Esq.

1 9 SAVE WATER - SAVE MONEY by David K. Smith, Mctrotech Corporation, Eastern Regional Sates Manager Reprinted with permission from Water Engineering and Management, May 1994

It's only water. This expression is us~d all too ?!ten ?Y The common leak detectors on the market are reason­ people in the water supply business m connect1on w1th ably priced, and a quick return on the investment needed undetected water losses caused by leakage. And compla­ to acquire one is not hard to achieve. The cost of some­ cency about the situation is sure to be reflected i~ th~ir times extensive digging avoided with the repair of the very customers' attitudes about the need for conservation m first leak pinpointed by the equipment pays for it. many areas of the country, and the real value of water. . How They Work and How They're Used Ignoring the problem will not make it go away. Water diS­ Acoustic leak detection in a water pipeline involves pick­ tribution leaks account for as much as 30-40% of water ing up the energy or vibration created as the water leaves loss, depending on the type of materials used, the age of the pipe at the leakage point. This vibration resonates at a the system, and temperature changes. Regardless of the specific frequency depending on the size of the leak and expanse of the pipe network, it takes only a few small the type of pipe material. It should be pointed out that an leaks to make a financial impact. The table shows water undisturbed flow of water through a pipe creates virtually losses that can be expected from four different sized no sound. A disruption of the flow causes a turbulence holes in water mains at 60 psi. whose sonic imprint can be detected. Reducers, tees and For every gallon of water lost due to leakage, the associ­ elbows in the line also create frequencies which often pro­ ated handling costs produce a negative effect on the bot­ duce sounds like those from actual leaks. Therefore, the tom line. The pumping, treatment process, facility mainte­ locations of such pipe fittings should be marked before nance, and manpower costs needed to deliver that gallon any attempt is made to pinpoint a leak to avoid mis-identi­ are reflected as revenue losses. These are very real loss­ fication. es which can justify developing a detection program to Frequencies produced by leaks can vary from 50Hz to pinpoint the location of offending leaks. about 1880Hz. These leak sounds usually are inaudible to When a leak can be pinpointed, just one well-placed the human ear and have to be amplified to be heard. This hole has to be dug, compared to the costly and time-con­ can be accomplished with an electronic leak detection suming process of starting to dig where the water is sur­ device. The lower the frequency of the leak, the more diffi­ facing and working outward from there until the leak actu­ cult it is to hear, so more amplification is required. ally is exposed. Because water takes the path of le_a~t Conversely, the higher the frequency, the less amplifica­ resistance, it can surface far from the leak source (1f 1t tion is needed to detect the acoustic source. surfaces at all) creating many extra man hours of digging. The type of pipe in which the leak has developed affects A successful leak detection program contains several the sound transmission. Harder materials will transmit the elements. Meter calibration checks are required to ensure sound further, while in the case of softer pipe products, that the quantities of water provided and the water billed the distance traveled will be less. For example, the leak's are in accord. If not, approximate water loss can be deter­ sound will travel further on ductile iron or steel than on mined. Flow and pressure measurements are also effec­ transite or plastic. When a leak is being pinpointed, the tive in isolating areas of greatest water loss, which usually ground microphone of the detection instrument should be correlate with sectors showing more reported leaks. placed at six-foot to eight-foot intervals when testing hard Perhaps the most important element in a_ successful l~ak materials, and less on plastic or transite, preferably two detection program is the use of an electromc leak detection feet to three feet. instrument. In the past, items such as probe rods, telephone Gaskets also inhibit how the sound travels, so the receivers, and geo phones were used to locate leaks with ground microphone should be used to check each secti~n intermittent success. However, the electronic leak detectors of pipe separately. The microphone should be moved m available today have features which make the task of pin­ increments of 12 inches or less to establish the exact pointing leaks significantly easier and more reliable. location of a leak which has been detected. Electronic leak detectors pick up vibrations created by Several other factors affect sound transmission. A mini­ the water escaping from the pipe (or striking the material mum pressure of 20-25 psi in the water pipe is required to around the leak) and make them audible to the human ear. create an acoustic energy level which can be detected. The vibrations are loudest directly over the leak. Some On larger lines, if the indicated pressure is lower than this devices feature a visual display which gives the operator range, a serious blow out usually has occurred. The dep~h both an audio and visual representation of the leak's inten­ of the line below grade also affects the sound level as 1t 1s sity. Most new units have automatic audio frequency filters detected as the surface. The more cover there is over the which help identify which frequencies are emitted by the line, the more difficult the sound will be to detect since soil leak, thus eliminating some guess work. Other units also will dissipate the energy. The type of soil cover also have computerized memory to record the sounds generat­ affects this acoustic method, since sounds are easier to ed at different locations. These devices are especially use­ detect through loose soil, and more difficult in heavy soils. ful for undertaking a system leak survey. continued on page 22 20 PRWA REVIEWS '94 Save Water - Save Money Listening on the instrument should be carried out at mini­ continued from page 20 mum intervals of six feet on metal pipe and two to three feet intervals on non-metallic. If the leak is in a noisy area, Suriace cover materials also come into play. Concrete choose a quiet time of day. It is also necessary to adjust and asphalt are good conductors of sound so the frequen­ filters to determine leak sound and listen for the point of cies emitted by a leak will be easier to pick up over these highest sound intensity. materials than other soils. It stands to reason that the Leak detection requires a certain amount of experience thicker they are, the harder it will be to detect the sound. and patience to be carried out successfully. Operators Normally the most difficult obstacle to overcome in a should be given time to become familiar with the equip­ leak detection job is interierence· from sounds generated ment and leak detection procedures. They can begin by by sources other than escaping water. Because electronic verifying the presence and location of known leaks in the leak detectors use a microphone and an amplifier, they system to get an idea of the different sounds produced. pick up other sounds easily. Most common among these The decision to begin a leak detection program is a are traffic and wind noises. Some surveys may require financial one. By reducing unaccounted-for water losses traffic to be re-routed for the duration of the testing. Also, caused by leaks, a water utility will pump a much higher machines such as pumps and air conditioners and other percentage of the water it produces through its cus­ industrial and household devices can create problems for tomers' meters and not into the ground. By doing so it will the leak detection operator. Because interiering sounds improve its financial statement significantly. are so frequently present, the best time for locating leaks is often during the nighttime hours when it is quieter. The HL90 and HL2000 models are leak detectors made by Metrotech of Mountain View, California. Their design incorporates filters which allow them to key in on the sound of the leak. and separate out some of the unwant­ ed frequencies. The first step in a leak detection search is to localize the ~ ,.. - are a in which the leak may be by looking for visual signs 3,096 95,976 ·····"!JJil··· -- "' such as suriace water, cracks. dips or humps in the pave­ 261' 144 ment, and increased vegetation growth. One or more of these indicators will put the operator in the general area of the leak. He should then identify on the suriace the known location of tees, reducers, and other fittings.

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25 From Our Point of View Questions & Answers Supplied by PRWA Associate Membership

Common questions asked, problems experienced by 2. Is a computer billing system too complicated for a Clouser Custom Coding. small, rural water system? The answer is "no." A computerized billing system, 1. What is the difference which includes user-friendly programs, easy-to-follow between "off-the-shelf" com­ documentation and fast, friendly customer support ser­ puter software packages and vices can improve the productivity of any business, custom-written software? regardless of size. Software packages that are purchased over the sales 3. Can I afford a computerized billing system? counter cannot be modified. More to the point, can you afford not to have a comput­ Custom software is written erized billing system. A great deal of time and effort is from a predetermined set of lost month after month, quarter after quarter perform­ specifications designed by the ing the manual calculations for water consumption programmer in conjunction and/or sewage services, typing manual bills and keep­ with the client. The software is ing a running total of account balances. A computer­ written to follow a preestab­ ized billing system performs all of these functions and lished business practice; more, quickly and accurately, freeing valuable time in therefore, the client has a your schedule. much easier and faster transi­ tion period from a manual sys­ tem to the computerized sys­ tem.

PENNSYLVANIA RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION WATER AND WASTEWATER INSTRUCTIONAL VIDEO TAPES

The Pennsylvania Rural Water Association, in response to member inquiries and needs, is currently developing instructional videos to assist operation and maintenance personnel in improving their systems and passing certification exams.

Initially four videos will be offered with others to follow. Initial videos will be:

Basic Water Basic Wastewater Water Math Wastewater Math

Video tapes will be free to all association members (limit one each per member) and $40.00 each for non-members.

Pre-production reservations are now being accepted. To reserve any of the four videos, please con­ tact: Pennsylvania Rural Water Association 138 W. Bishop Bellefonte, PA 16823 (814) 353-9302 26 WATER SUPPLY CONTRACTORS

since 1946 Eiche/bergers, 1nc.

WELL DRILLING SERVICES • Excavation/Piping/Controls/Storage & Retention • Potable Ground Water Supply Wells to Tanks/Pump House Construction/Etc. PA/DER Standards WATER QUAUTY SERVICES • Well Development/Rehabilitation • Public Water Supply Testing Service • Hydrofracturing (Sampling & Analysis) • Color Video Logging • Public Water Supply Compliance PUMPS & WATER SYSTEMS Assistance Service • Well Yield Testing Including Automated Data-Logging • Water Treatmen t Services Including • Submersible & Turbine Pumps Gas Chlorination & Filtration • End-Suction, Multi-Stage, Horizontal Complete Well Field Service Split-Case, Centrifugal High Service Pumps Design/ Build/Maintain Capabilities 7 17-766-4800 WE SERVICE ALL BRANDS 1-800-382-1434 24-HOURS 365 DAYS FAX 717-691-6068 841 West Trindle Rd ., Mechanicsburg, PA • Office Hours: 8AM-5PM Weekdays 9AM-Noon Saturday

CET Engineering Services Flow Media, Inc. ....______. Clear Solutions to Complex Problems FLOW & LEVEL CONTROLS Specializing in Waterworks & Wastewater Engineering • FLOW METERS • Water & Wastewater Treatment Plant Design • LEVEL CONTROLS • Customized Slow Sand Filtration Design • AUTOMATIC DIALERS • Lead/Copper Investigation • Corrosion Control Studies • TELEMETERING SYSTEMS • Ground Water Development • System Modeling • INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION SERVICES • Act 537 Planning • GIS for Well Head Protection Flow Media, Incorporated • GIS for Utilities Management 219 Third Avenue P. 0 . Box 401 Carnegie. PA 15106 Offices Phone: 412-276-8055 Fax: 412-276-7488 1240 N_ Mountain Road 321 Washington St. Harrisburg, PA 17112 Huntingdon, PA 16652 ·Phone: (717) 541-0622 Phone: (814) 643-8260 Fax: (717) 541-8004 Fax: (814) 643-8269

27 PRWA CIRCUIT RIDERS PROVIDE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE (Example of How PRWA Works)

CITIZENS WATER COMPANY 513 Dean Street, P.O. Box 26 Confluence, PA 15424 Phone: (8 I 4) 395-3115 Office Hour: Mon, Wed, Fri, 8:00a.m. - 4:00p.m.

TO: Pennsylvania Rural Water Association 138 West Bishop Street Bellefonte, PA 16823 Phone: (81 4) 353-9302

From: Debbie Glotfelty SUBJ: PRWA Chris Schutt's Visit September 7, 1994

OVERVIEW: The PRWA visit provided Citizens Water with a quality high-level technical review of their present operations (filtration and chemi­ cal treatment) and problems (lead/copper, raising pH, fire hydrant flow/pressure, and funding). The only thing that could have enhanced the PRWA visit would have been if the PRWA representative was able to disperse funds to organizations (PUBLIC as well as private) as they deem needs exist.

DISCUSSION: Chris was very knowledgeable in the technical area of water treatment, water parameters. The day began with Citizens Acting President, Deborah I. Glotfelty and Maintenance employee, Don DeHaven providing Chris with a brief overview of their water system layout and main system components. Numerous questions were thrown out for discussion about water pH, turbidity, chlorine pre-treatment, methods of soda ash injection, Ross Valve operation, pressures versus flows . .. If Chris was unable to provide us with a direct answer he did not bluff . . . he provided us with names and phone numbers of those more knowledgeable. He was able to provide us with manufacturing contacts for injector pumps and chemi­ cal companies who may provide free water analysis as part of our lead/copper studies. We reviewed with Chris our DER Filter Performance Evaluation Report (our Performance Evaluation was done in February 1994) ... Chris reviewed our interpretation and method to respond to DER's comments and provided his advice/opinion/contacts for the issue regarding "lengthening chlorine contact time." Next we went out in the field to our filtration plant ... where we had Chris review our chemical treatment process, the location of our system components, and asked him for comments. The issue of funding was discussed for Privately Held Water Systems and the present PUC method of granting rate increases. Chris tossed a few ideas out for thought ... Association membership and various contacts who, though they may deal with Municipal or Non-Profit Utility grants/fund­ ing, they may be able to give me some guidance. I stated that per Co-Bank, Citizens Water is not eligible since we presently have a PENNVEST loan, and our revenues are not great enough for us to consolidate loans. CONCLUSION: Citizens is very appreciative of the "free" assistance offered by PRWA. It is extremely important for us to have one knowledge­ able in operations give us assistance or guidance or just their "blessing" on the decisions/actions/projects we have undertaken. What disappoints me the most is "privately held company funding." During our 1993 Rate Case I could without a doubt support my numbers and rate increase amount $58,000 .. . however, when we (myself, my Attorney, PUC and Consumer Advocate) met at negotiations the Consumer Advocate THREW OUT A NUMBER $14,000- she could not support . it and stated she would not state how she derived this. The PUC and Consumer Advocate left the room- I was told to derive a number I COULD LIVE WITH ... I stated l needed the FULL AMOUNT ... I am an engineer by trade, and I believe my numbers to be accurate. I crossed out a few projects and came with a slightly smaller number $48,500, I could support my number. Next they came back in the room, and they stated their fina l offer was $28,000 with a drop in quarter gallon allotment (from I 0,000 to 6,000 gallons/quarter) ... they offered no support and, when asked, stated they did not feel that this was warranted. My attorney advised that I accept and get out before it cost us any more. THIS METHOD IS UNJUST AND UNFAIR ... HERE IS THE PUC, WHICH REQUESTS THAT A REQUEST FOR RATE INCREASE BE DOCUMENTED, and THEN THEY "THROW NUMBERS OUT OF THE AIR." ... That is wrong. Citizens local municipal government officials were not represented at these negotiations, and they in turn litigated our Rate Case. (I have my opinion why, but let's stay away from the poli tics.) . . . I stated to our Attorney that since our case was litigated that I could no longer live with the PUC/Consumer Advocate number ... he stated that we needed them on our side, and it's best to just keep plugging along. Citizens 1993 Rate Case fees (Attorney, Rate Case Consultant, Mail, Travel, etc.) were over $30,000 .. . The Citizens Water case was settled with the Administrative Law Judge and PUC Commission in total agreement with the PUC/Consumer Advocate/Citizens Water Settlement agreement . . . our local municipal gained nothing by litigation. Of the $30,000 + costs for the Rate Case, we received $28,000 in increased revenue .. , WHERE IS THE JUSTICE? Now I am trying to seek funding . . . not only to pay the fees from my rate case, but to complete projects as was noted in our Rate Case and to keep up with daily operational expenses. Every place I turn . .. they state they do not fund private companies ... WHO IN THE HELL DOES? Where can a small "Privately Held" company with an operating Slow Sand Filtration Plant, with a typical 90,000-gallon-per-day usage of an all o­ cated 200,000-gallon/day Allotment Permit and approximately 480 customers GET FUNDING SUPPORT????? I apologize for elaborating on the funding issue ... However I feel that this is OUR BIGGEST PROBLEM.

PRWA appreciates your letters and comments on how we are doing.

28 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS HELP SUPPORT OUR WORK. LET'S SUPPORT THEM!

A-1 PIPE INC. GIBSON THOMAS ENGINEERING AGENCY ADVANCE INSTRUMENTS, INC. GWIN, DOBSON, FOREMAN, INC. PBS CHEMICAL CO., INC. ANDREWS CONSULTING HACH COMPANY PITTSBURG TANK & TOWER CO. AQUA-TECH HEATH CONSULTANTS, INC. PITTSBURGH TANK & TOWER AUS CONSULTANTS HEGEMANN AND WRAY POLYBAC CORPORATION WEBER FICK & WILSON, INC. HERBERT, ROWLAND & GRUBIC INC. POW-A MOLE SALES & SERVICE BADGER METER, INC HETRICK ZALESKI EMICO & PIERCE, P.C. PRECISION METERS, INC. BANKSON ENGINEERS HIGH, SWARTZ, ROBERTS & SEIDEL PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, INC. BARBER'S CHEMICALS, INC. HILL ENGINEERING INC. R & D ENGINEERING, P.C. SCM ENGINEERS, INC. HUNT ENGINEERS & ARCHITECTS INC. R E WRIGHT & ASSOC. c/o DEVINE INTERVENTION I.K. STOLTZFUS SERVICE CORP. R F SCHNEIDER PIPE & SUPPLY SCM ENGINEERS, INC. INSITUFORM EAST, INC. RALPH L. STEMLER, INC. BERMAD CONTROL VALVES IRON CITY WATER & WASTE, INC. REED MANUFACTURING COMPANY CENTREANALYTICALLABORTORIES, INC. JOHN L. STEENSON AND ASSOCIATES RESOURCE TECHNOLOGIES CORP. CHEMPLY DIVISION OF E & E (US) INC. JOSEPH G. POLLARD CO. RETTEW ASSOCIATES, INC. CLOUSER CUSTOM CODING KENNEDY VALVE MFG. CO. RIORDAN MATERIALS CORPORATION CO-BANK NATIONAL BANK FOR CO-OPS KERR MARKETING AGENCY ROMAC INDUSTRIES/HAYS BRASS COLUMBIAN STEEL TANK COMPANY KJELL WATER CONSULTANTS INC. RRZ PUBLIC MARKETS INC. COMMONWEALTH ENGINEERING & KLH ENGINEERS, INC. RVS SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY INC. KROFTA WATER, INC. SAFETY CORP OF AMERICA CONRADY CONSULTANTS SERVICES L. ROBERT KIMBALL SAL CHEMICAL CO., INC. CONTINENTAL INDUSTRIES LB. WATER SERVICE, SOUTH INC. SEEWALD LABS, INC. CULLIGAN INDUSTRIAL WATER SYSTEMS LAMOTTE CHEMICAL SENATE ENGIN EERING CO. DAFEHR INC. LARSON DESIGN GROUP SENSUS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. DACAR INDUSTRIES, INC. LAYNE WELL & PUMP- HYDRO GROUP SOMPLE SUPPLY, INC. DAVID BON KOVICH TESTING SERVICES LEE SUPPLY CO., INC. STERNSON, INC. DRESSER INDUSTRIES, INC. LEE-SIMPSON ASSOCIATES, INC. STIFFLER, MCGRAW &ASSOCIATES, INC. EARTH DATA INCORPORATED LEGGETrE, BRASHEARS & GRAHAM INC. SUBSURFACE TECHNOLOGIES EASTERN SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT, INC. UGHT-HEIGEL & ASSOCIATES, INC. TECHNICAL PRODUCTS CORPORATION ECOMETRICS, INC. US WATER SERVICE, INC. THE CHLORAMONE CO. EICHELBERGERS, INC. MAIN LINE DISTRIBUTORS THE EADS GROUP/NELIAN ENGINEERS EMERSON RAUSCH MALATESTA HAWKE & MCKEON DIVISION ENOPCON, INC. MARION HILLASSOCIATES, INC. THE KUPFERLE FOUNDRY COMPANY­ ENVIRONMENTAL EQUIPMENT MAST ENGINEERING CO., INC. ECLIPSE & SERVICE COMPANY MEISER & EARL, INC. THOMAS, THOMAS, ARMSTRONG & EXETER SUPPLY CO. INC. MET-PRO CORPORATION - STILES-KEM NIESEN FAIRWAY LABORATORIES, INC. DIVISION TITAN INDEMNITY COMPANY - MIKE FIRST VALLEY BANK METTE, EVANS & WOODSIDE ARLEDGE FISHER TANK CO. MID ATLANTIC STORAGE SYSTEMS TRUMBULL INDUSTRI ES FLOMOTION SYSTEMS INC. MID PENN ENG. CORP. TUCKERARENSBERG, PC FLUID CONSERVATION SYSTEMS, INC. MID-STATE CHEMICALS UNI-TEC CONSULTING ENGINEERS, INC. FLUID SYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL INC. MONTAUK SERVICES INC. UTILITY PIPING SYSTEMS, INC. FORD METER BOX MOODY AND ASSOCIATES, INC. UTILITY SERVICES ASSOCIATES, INC. FRANKLIN MILLER, INC. MUELLER CO. UTILITY SUPPLY OF AMERICA FREE-COL LABORATORIES NATIONAL ROAD UTILITY SUPPLY VICTORY WHITE METAL CO. GANNETT FLEMING, INC. NITTANY GEOSCIENCE W.C. WEll CO. GEO-SERVICES, LTD OLANDER & BROPHY WALSH VALVE AND SPECIALTY CO. GEORGE S. COYNE CHEMICAL CO. INC. PARKER BROTHERS WELL DRILLING INC. WATERPRO SUPPLIES CORP. GEOSOURCE PATCOASSOC. - CARLANDERSON WJP ENGINEERS

Remember to support all PRWA Associate Members. "What's in it for Me?"- Sometimes a PRWA discount ­ Call them and find out!

3 J Keystone Krier Korner .. . "What's Happening With Our Members Around the State of Pennsylvania?" PENNSYLVANIA RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION Columbian Offers Specifications on Diskette Columbian Steel Tank Company is pleased to announce that specifications for bolted steel water and wastewater stor­ age tanks are now being offered to our customers on diskette. Standard drawings are also available in AutoCAD format. Columbian was established in 1893 and developed the bolted steel tank in the 1920s. With technological advances and years of experience in the bolted tank market, Columbian is a leader. Our design meets or exceeds AWWA 0103-87 and API12AB standards. Our tanks are also NFPA and Factory Mutual approved. With this expertise and the new offer of standard specifications and drawings on diskette, it's easy to compare Columbian's high-quality factory-coated bolted tanks to other alternatives. Our engineers are also available to assist in foundation design, if desired. Columbian Steel Tank Company, headquartered in Kansas City, Kansas, manufactures factory-coated, bolted steel tanks for water, wastewater, bulk materials handling, grain and petroleum industries worldwide.

PRWA News ... Pennsylvania Rural Water Association would like to extend a warm welcome to Geri Ramsier. Geri will be working at PRWA in the capacity of Wastewater Technical & Training Specialist. Many of you may know Geri through Texas A & M. PRWA's next issue of 'The Keystone Tap" will include a column from Geri. Glad to have you with us, Geri!

To all PRWA members, share your "news" with us. Call us at PRWA 814-353-9302.

168 Greenfield Road l lf.QTOLTZ.FUS Lancaster, PA 17601 ~BRVICE CORP. Phone: 717-397-3503 Fax: 717-397-2088 SANDBLASTING, PAINTING, REPAIR & INSPECTION SERVICES

MAINTAINING AND SERVICING:

• STEEL STORAGE TANKS • SECONDARY CONTAINMENT LININGS • TREATMENT PLANTS • LOGO PAINTING • STRUCTURAL STEEL & CASTINGS • INDUSTRIAL & COMMERICAL BUILDINGS • SPRINKLER TANK INSULATION

CALL LEE STOLTZFUS AT 800-933-3503

32 GD&F GW IN DOBSON & FOREMAN INC. (814)943-5214 Consulting Engineers Corporate Office: 2900 Fairway Drive P.O. Box 1589 Altoona, PA 16603 Fax: (8 14) 943-8494

Watermain Cleaning Pennsylvania by the Experts Rural Water Association · • Distribution Mains • Transmission Mains • Leak Detection • Turn-Key Consulting • Foam Pigs, Launchers, and Receivers Pennsylvania Rural Water Association *Meter In stallation St.rv1'rlg MtJurMbsu:w'Ot(r SyswJU in PutJU)'f\'oJtiD

Call. write. or fax Industry Contact Book for a free quotation: Montauk Services, Inc. Attention all PRWA Members. 84A Johnson Avenue Hackensack, New Jersey 07601 Fax: (201) 525-1787 Watch your mail for the arrival MoNTAuK Phone: 800-632-8893 of your new PRWA SERVICES Industry Contact Book INCORPORATED "What's In It For Me?" Sometimes 1-800-632-8893 a discount - call our Associate Members and find out.

33 LEGISLATIVELY SPEAKING HARRISBURG TO WASHINGTON DC by Jan Gallo, PRWA Board Vice President I have been trying to organize a leg­ 13th -Jon Fox, R, 47, attorney. Policitcal experience: islative initiative for PRWA during Montgomery County assistant district attorney, 1976-80; the past several years, a process Abington Township Commissioner, 1980-84; state House much like trying to move your feet 1985-92; Montgomery County Board of Commissioners, while in a ditch fixing a water line 1991-present; ran for U.S. House 1992. break. I really appreciate all the 18th - Mike Doyle, D, 41, businessman. Political expe­ encouragement and help that I rience: chief of staff to state Sen. Frank Pecora, 1979-84; have received from the other mem­ Swissvale Borough Councilman, 1977-81. bers of the Board, Staff and all of 20th - Frank Mascara, D, 64, accountant. Political you out there who have shown experience: Washington County controller, 1975-79; interest and been legislatively Washington County commissioner, 1980-present; ran for active in your districts. PRWA water U.S. House 1992. and wastewater are bipartisan. 21st - Phil English, R, 38, government service. Political The 1994 elections have changed the parties of power experience: Erie City controller, 1986-90; ran for state in both federal and state government, but whether you are treasurer, 1988; senior policy analyst for state Senate Democrat, Republican, Patriot or Independent, get to Republicans, 1990; chief of staff for state Sen. Melissa know the people representing you. If you do not have time Hart, 1990-94; state Senate Finance Committee execu­ to get involved then find a board member or council per­ tive director, 1993-94. son in your system who does. It is very important for all of us involved in the water and wastewater industries to inform all of the legislators about our concerns when they are considering legislation dealing with our industries. If you need information about how to become legislative­ ly active please contact the PRWA office for training litera­ ture. There is also information available for Safe Drinking Water Act reauthorization and the Clean Water Act reau­ thorization dealing with sewage treatment. I hope you all have a quiet and safe winter season, and I Utility Billing hope to see everyone at the PRWA conference in the spring. Systems The New Freshman Class Water, Sewer, Trash The following are brief biographies of the new members Gas, Electricity of the 104th Congress, listing the individual's party, age, career background (which reflects either current occupa­ Flexible and Easy-to-Use Multiple Rate Schedules tion or his or her job before entering public service) and Customized to your needs Multiple Billing Routes political experience (which includes major elected or Uses any ~S-DOS Computer Ready-to-Mail Bills, appointed offices and other related credentials). An aster­ 12 Month History Receipts, Shut-off-Notices isk (*) indicates a candidate is leading in his or her race, Estimated Readings and much more but that the contest had not been called by the Associated Detailed Reports Reasonably Priced Press as of press time. Direct, or through more New Senate Member: than 350 dealers Nationwide Pennsylvania - Rick Santorum, R, 36, attorney, Presently installed in Political experience: U.S. House, 1991-present. 44 states New House Members: Pennsylvania - ElDorado SoftWorks 2nd - Chaka Fattah, D, 37, government service. 2157 Bethel Road Political experience: state House, 1983-88; state Senate, Mt. Holly, AR 71758 1989-present 1-800-898-3838 Utility Billing Specialists Since 1984

34 Down The Well - I don't know if anyone noticed, but there was no "Down Traveled Road The Well Traveled Road" in the last issue. I figured that the "Judy Goes To School" piece was enough for you to handle! by Judy Muehl Where did the summer and fall go this year? I think I missed it! I try to go to the ocean in September to calm down and get myself together again after a busy summer, (walking in the sand does that to me). But somehow September came and went . . . so if you see me riding around in your town looking a little confused or harried ... just point me toward the Atlantic! The demonstration projects for the state water supply protection sign are starting, but since we had some delays, I'm not sure how many signs we will get up before this article is printed. I hope that by May we will have everything ironed out so systems that have completed their wellhead/watershed protection plans can purchase and erect signs through their regional DER and PennDot offices. In October the Discovery Channel came into Pennsylvania and filmed me working with a system. They spent the whole day with me in Rouseville and Saegertown Borough. All that filming for a five-minute segment on groundwater to be aired in January. (That's just not enough time to make me a TV star!) They filmed me presenting the groundwater model at Hassen Heights Elementary School ... what fun! The kids were so good ... they are the real stars because of their enthusiasm! When I got back to the motel, I received an envelope full of thank you notes. I'll close with just a few ... 1 hope they make you smile . .. and think about protecting your groundwater source!

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35 Judy Gets Thanked

. .

\ \) \\\ )~(l\J.o o . \ l._,:.,r tl'1 \ ll ~ • • 0 Oo..t .,.,_.. • .., +.r•1~ L-..~.\l"rl ~ ~ . ]_ ;. . 4" • ,..,, (iep-t' p~ ....., ... ~

111' - ...... - - - ~ "' - ' -.... 36 SPWA BUILDS NEW WATER TREATMENT PLANT By Judith B. Spray, Bankson Engineers, Inc.

The Southwestern Pennsylvania Water Authority provides old water treatment plant by constructing an entirely new facility water service to 30,000 people in sixteen municipalities in on the Greene County side of the Monongahela River. The Greene, Fayette and Washington Counties in southwestern Authority located a suitable site and was able to acquire the Pennsylvania. The Authority was created in 1951 and acquired property at very reasonable terms from Consolidation Coal. the assets of private water companies serving the area. The Negotiations were conducted with the Department of water treatment plant inherited by the Authority as a part of Corrections, which ultimately provided grant funds to Greene these acquisitions is located on the bank of the Monongahela County to assist in the capital improvements needed to accom­ River in Ronco, Fayette County and had been constructed in modate the prison complex. The Water Authority applied for 1903. For almost 90 years, it was able to respond to demand funding from Pennvest, its third such loan, and was offered and deliver all water needed by the growing system. Then, dur­ $11 ,377,000 at 1% interest for twenty years. ing the 1980s and 1990s, the Greene County portion of the ser­ The new plant, designed by Bankson Engineers, Inc., of vice territory, particularly in the Greater Waynesburg aTea, Indianola, PA. is a 9.0 MGD conventional rapid sand filtration began to experience growth. One key factor in this growth was plant. Cost-effective alternatives, such as the Microfloc process the announcement by the Pennsylvania Department of involving steel filter/clarifier tanks, were considered during pro­ Corrections that a major prison complex would be constructed in ject development, and pilot studies were performed. However, Greene County. The prison complex has created 500 construc­ this process was not cost effective to treat the high turbidites in tion jobs and, when it is fully operational, is expected to create the Monongahela River water at this location. Construction was 400 permanent jobs. A proliferation of satellite businesses has started on the new facility in December 1992, with full operation begun to appear. In all, the prison is expected to be a catalyst in of the new plant expected this winter. Plans are in progress for a the economic revitalization of the region. dedication ceremony next spring. The Department of The maximum security prison alone will require 400,000 gal­ Environmental Resources is planning to use the new facility to lons of water per day. The smaller minimum security prison and conduct tours of the state-of-the-art filtration plant during Water other commercial and industrial development are estimated to Week next spring. Plans are also under way for a Dedication require 300,000 gallons per day additional,· not including the ceremony and public open house to be held at the new plant in expansion of the existing women's correctional institution, which the spring. is expected to require 50,000 gallons of water per day. Congratulations and best wishes to the Southwestern This economic activity prompted the Water Authority to exam­ Pennsylvania Water Authority on the successful completion of its ine its ability to meet the growing demand. The present plant, new water treatment plant. rated at a capacity of 3.2 MGD, is currently producing approxi­ mately 4.0 MGD. A decision was reached to replace the century-

Lime silo at left and loading dock area (rear entrance).

Clarifier Unit No. 1 and treatment plant front entrance.

New treatment plant front entrance, nearing completion. Backwash waste lagoon and new treatment plant as seen from rear entrance. 37 Laura Adds One More Thing! Steve has been busy spending all his time and energy in appealing Rash's case to the PRWA board of directors (see Rash Umberger's Column for details). So all of us at PRWA would like to take this opportunity and space in introducing you to Steve and Cynthia's new daughter Laura. Steve became "Papa" for the first time on November 1, 1994. All of the Board and Staff of PRWA send our best wishes and love to Steve, Cynthia and Laura. And as you can see in these pictures ... dreams really do come true! Congratulations - Papa Steve!

What's On Tap? by Chris Shutt

It's time once again to think about the conference. I hope to see many friends and PRWA family there. If you haven't attended the Conference, be sure to register early, this one will top them all. The training is the best you will find, and along with the food and the good times, it is going to be a blast! I want to see you at the bowling alley on Sunday because I need the competition. If you haven't got your PRWA belt buckle yet, order it now, they are at the office. Well, it's time to go, see you around the water system. Be proud of what you do, and do it well!

Countryboy Chuck's Corner by Chuck Groff

As I travel around PA's countryside visiting rural wastewater systems, I marvel at all the beauti­ ful areas I drive thru. And being a country boy myself, I often stop to admire some beautiful vista high on a ridge top, deep forest, or lake in a natural area. It occurs to me that this is what being "rural water'' is all about. You live and work where you do, in rural settings, because you wouldn't have it any other way. And you are dedicated to keeping our most vital natural resource, water and the country it is in, clean. You could probably find better pay, better work conditions and less stress elsewhere, but you are "RURAL WATER" people. You care. You want to live where you live, in '"PA RURAL WATER" country. I am looking forward to the pleasure of meeting and serving you through PRWA.

38 Rash Limburger Dear Readers:

Due to a grave oversight on the part of Steve- Rash was not invited to the PRWA Staff Christmas party in December. · In retaliation Rash has refused to write his column this time. To apologize to Rash, Steve appealed to the Board of Directors, begging them to allow Rash to attend the PRWA Conference in March, (of course this was against Steve's better judgment). After many closed-door sessions - weeping - begging -and you don't want to know ... the board finally agreed. II Being the humble man he is, Rash agreed to attend the PRWA Conference - BUT only under the condition that Steve allow him to speak at the Conference Banquet. At this writing Steve is behind closed doors before the board trying his best to work out a last minute arrangement for Rash, (again of course this is against Steve's better judgment). I'm afraid you will just have to attend the Conference Banquet for the outcome. Let's hope Steve can handle this one more thing. We're with you, buddy.

You Know What I Was Thinking • • • by Debbie Fagan March 26- 27 & 28 - Nittany Lion Inn- Be There!!!!

Don't miss the conference this year. There will be something for everyone. Bowling - training sessions - a motivation­ al speaker -maybe even Rash (haven't heard for sure yet!) -topped off with a banquet. You will return wiser and refreshed. Make it a date to join us this year in "Racing Toward Environmental Quality." If you have any questions or con­ cerns, please don't hesitate to contact me at 814-353-9302. We are here for you!

All of us at PRWA are honored to announce that Joe Palmer will be attending the PRWA 7th Annual State & Exposition Conference on March 26, 27, 28 at the Nittany Lion Inn. Mr. Palmer is the president of National Rural Water Association and hails from the state of Georgia. Please join us in extending him a big Pennsylvania welcome.

39 E nvi ronmental E qui pment and Service Co. 7 WEST 9TH ST. - MARCUS HOOK, PA 19061

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40 COOPERATION .. . The Magic Word That Makes Groundwater Protection Work!

Special Thanks To:

Rouseville Borough for having a Proactive Cooperative Cornplanter Township officials for their help in making Wellhead Protection Program. Thanks also for letting us this Wellhead Protection Program successful. do the filming in your town after all the disasters that have occured during my visits in the past. (Well, maybe I better not say anything until after we find out what they have on film!)

Pennzoil Company for participating in our program. To Jeff Moody from Moody & Associates for setting up PRWA considers you a good friend! We were sorry Steve that shiny red drilling rig for us in Saegertown. (You really Rowland couldn't be with us, but he sent Tim Kelly. Tim only had to wash the spot where the Moody's Name is on was tall, good looking, good personality, intelligent, but I the rig.) also specified "single," Steve!

4 1 To Saegertwon Borough for letting us redrill their test well for the filming. We tried to get Steve on camera, but he was too busy directing the well drillers ... "Action, camera, hold it-you over there, move to your left!"

Hassen Heights Elementary School for letting us disrupt your schedule. We couldn't have found nicer children to work with ... they stole the show!

Pader for supporting our efforts in groundwater protec­ tion from day one. (Watch for Pat bowling on film - he kept pushing me away from the camera shouting "equal time!"

To PennDot in Harrisburg and Franklin for making it possible to have the official state water supply protection USEPA for their support in my program to help the small sign erected for the filming ... you do excellent work ... systems. Can you guess where the Tasmanian Devil is in Rouseville had a heck of a time getting the sign off the the picture? post!

42 To National Rural Water Association and Bob Carroll for Just one more thing - the PRWA cameraman did a spotlighting Pennsylvania tor th is Discovery Channel great job! segment.

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46 CLASSIFIED ADS

Items for Sale Certified Water Plant Operator 1 each De Laval Multistage Pump The Municipal Authority of Washington Township is Type 2KS Size 5/4" Stases 2 seeking a Certified Water Plant Operator. Applicant must Rating possess a Class B, Type I License for operating in Capacity: 600 G.P.M. Head: 325' Total Pennsylvania. Salary offered is $30,000 yearly plus ben­ Speed: 1450 R.P.M. efits. If interested, reply by February 15, 1995. Send Specified Operating Conditions resume in confidence to: Liquid-Water Discharge Head 31 0 Feet Mr. Ronald E. Deitch, Manager Liquid Temp-Cold Suction 15' Lift Municipal Authority of Washington Township 1390 Fayette Avenue 1 each International Model UB264 Gas Engine Drive Belle Vernon, Pennsylvania 15012 6 Cylinder 221 cu inches 1 each De Laval Pump 300 G.P.M. 2 each Burks 1'/2 HP Turbine Pumps Water Plant Operator Model No. 109249 Series CS The Borough of Corapolis is seeking applications to fill a vacant Chief Engineer position at the water plant. 1 each Sta-Rite Centrifusal Pump Requirements: PA State Water Operators Certificate, Model No. JHD62 Motor Model C48J2EC11 Class "C" - Type 2. Must be, or become, a resident of the Ser7D83 Borough withn 1'/2 years. Job description available 3450 R.P.M. 3/4 H.P. at/mail resumes to: Gary A. Parks, Manager, Borough of 1 each Capital Controls Gas Chlorinator 10 lb Coraopolis, 1012 Fifth Ave. , Coraopolis, PA 15108. 2 each Capital Controls Gas Chlorinator 25 lb and Extras - Ejectors, Nozzles and Assorted For Sale Parts For sale, approximately 300 used Rockwell 5/8 x 3/4 1 each Turner TD-40 Nephelometer S.R. meters at $10.00 each and 150 S.R. Neptune 5/8 x 3/4 meters at $25.00 each. 1 each Gulton Industries Inc. (Event Recorder Clock All meters have been bench tested. The Neptunes were for Pump at Minersvillage Pump House) used less than one year. 1 each Hach Chlorine Analyzer The Municipal Authority of the Modei1720C Borough of Carmichaels 104 N. Pine St. 2 each Honeywell Recorder Series AR1 00 Carmicheals, PA 15320 Roundcraft Recorder Single Pen Non Alarm Recorder For Sale For sale 2" Rockwell Meter. Call Judy at 412-479-8005. 1 each B.I.F. Electrical Depth Chart Recorder Contact: Cornwall Borough, Lebanon County Municipal Authority P.O. Box 667 Cornwall, Pennsylvania 17016 Telephone: 717-274-3436

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48 BACKFLOW-PREVENTION "a community-environmental health protection program"

QUESTIONS COMMONLY ASKED ABOUT RETROFIT

Question: What is backflow-prevention? fact be a greater liability risk due to leak­ Answer: The prevention of reverse flow in a water sys­ age, unauthorized changes, make-shift tem from the normal or intended direction. connections, etc.

Question: What can cause something like this to Question: Why has this facility been singled out? happen? Answer: No facility has or is being singled out. Answer: Backflow and/or backsiphonage can be creat­ This phase of the program requires that ed in a water system by a drop in supply all existing service connections be retro­ pressure due to heavy demand or use such fit. Compliance letters are sent in order of as fire fighting, repairs or breaks in the supply evaluations that have been made based pipe, etc. on the type and amount of water use, the nature of materials handled on the prop­ Question: So, what does this have to do with us? erty, the number of individuals served, the It's not our problem if you people can't degree of system complexity and/or design the system so we have enough potential for modification, the probability pressure, without the pipes bursting all of existing cross-connections and the the time. hazard involved should a backflow occur. Answer: If everyone wou ld use the same amount of When this program is completed, all cus­ water all the time this could become more of tomers (residential/commercial/industrial} a reality. However, this is not likely to happen. taking water from The York Wate r So, it becomes every consumer's responsibil­ Company will have a backflow prevention ity to protect his own system as well as other assembly at the meter connection. users of the public system against any poten­ tial contamination or pollution which may be generated on or from his premises, which could backflow or be backsiphoned into his and/or the main supply system.

Question: Says who? Answer: The Federal Government passed the Safe "The only thing sure about luck Drinking Water Act in 1973. In December 1984, Pennsylvania put into effect the is that it will .change." Pennsylvania Safe Drinking Water Act which states: "It shall be the responsibility of the customer - Wilson Mizner to eliminate cross-connections or provide backflow devices to prevent contamination of the distribution system f rom both b·ack­ siphonage and backpressure." The same rules require all public water sys­ tems to develop and implement a compre­ hensive control program for the elimination of existing cross-connections. RETTEW Ass oc iates, In c . Question: Is there not a Grandfather Clause in ENGINEERS- PlANNERS • ENVIRONMENTAl CONSJJIJANTS • lANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS • SURVEYORS regard to the retrofit requirement? Comprehensive Environmental Consulting Answer: No, a contaminate and/or pollutant which and Engineering Services Including: might enter a system wou ld be just as 1 Water/Waste Treatment Design much a health hazard and create the I Groundwater Investigations and Remediation same amount of damage regardless of • Municipal Water Wells 1 Haznraous Waste Investigations the system's age. Older systems could in Lancaster, PA (717) 394-3721 Mechanicsburg, PA (717) 697-3551

49 BACKFLOW PREVENTION TRAINING

50 &DROPS

Vol. 6, No.8 November 1994

Lead and Copper Rule Minor Revisions - Proposal Regulatory This rule would revise the regulations regarding lead and copper in drinking water to eliminate certain requirements and promote Update consistent national implementation.

Primacy Withdrawal Regulations Revision - Proposal This rule wi ll make mi nor modifications to the regulatory language of the drinking water primacy withdrawal regulations. The revision will clarify that the USEPA shall initiate primacy withdrawal pToceedings once the Administrator has made a "formal determination" that a State is out of compliance with primacy requirements. This revision is necessary to comply with a Court remand resulting from a suit filed by the National Wildlife Federation. The rule was published in the Federal Register on August 8 (59 FR40458). The 45-day comment period closed on September ~2. The USEPA expects to publish the final revisions by June 1995.

Radionuclides (Phase Ill) - Final The proposed regulations for Radon, Uranium, Radium 226, Radium 228, and gross alpha and beta particles were published in the Federal Register on July 18, 1991. USEPA's Appropriations Bill , passed in October 1993, prohibited USEPA from promulgating standards for Radon in drinking water for Fiscal Year 1994. The new court-ordered deadline for promulgation is April 1995.

Sulfate - Proposal This rule would establish a standard for sulfate in public drinking water supplies. USEPA is under a court-ordered deadline to propose Comment the rule by November 1994. The USEPA is focusing on implementation options which achieve compliance for target The Safe Dri!lking Water Act populations of concern. reauthori~ation efforts specific·auy considered regulations for

51 November 1994

Regulatory Update Aldicarb - Reproposal (Con't) On May 8, 1992, USEPA stayed the public drinking water standards for aldicarb, aldicarb sulfoxide, and aldicarb sulfone because of additional risk information the Agency received. The USEPA has completed a revised risk assessment for these contaminants, and is planning to repropose the drinking water standard in 1994.

Ground Water Disinfection Rule - Proposal This rule would set disinfection requirements for 180,000 public water systems using ground water not under the influence of surface water. The US EPA is under a court-ordered deadline to propose the rule by August 1995 and to promulgate 24 months thereafter.

Disinfection By-products - Proposal This negotiated rule will regulate disinfectants and the by­ products resulting from disinfection of public water supplies. A companion rule to enhance the current surface water treatment rule has also been negotiated and is on the same schedule. T he proposed disinfection by-products rule and enhanced surface water treatment rule were signed by the Administrator on June 7, 1994, and published in the Federal Register on July 29.

Drinking Water Microbial and Disinfection By-product Monitoring - Proposal This rule would establish monitoring requirements for public water systems to ascertain microbial and disinfection by-product levels in their water supplies. The information would be used to implement the disinfection by-product and surface water treatment rules and to develop second stage regulations. The proposed rule was published Febmary 10, 1994. A promulgation schedule is being developed.

For rt10re detailed· information Phase VI B Regulations - Proposal concerning changes in regulatory This rule would set standards for selected organic and inorganic requirements you may contact tbe contaminants in drinking water supplies. The court-ordered EPA toll free Safe Drinking Water proposal date is February 1995 with promulgation two years Hotline at (800) 426-4791. thereafter.

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53 THE By John H. Montgomery WASHINGTON December 1994 REPORT 0 National Rural Water Association

The Rural Development Administration in the New U.S.D.A. Other Key !Provisions Q n October 4, one of the final actions of the 1994 Congress was to pass HR 4217, the Department of The Agriculture reorganization provisions ofHR Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994, perhaps the 4217 would authorize the Agriculture Secretary to merge Congress' most important piece ofagriculture related leg­ or eliminate a number of the Department's 43 agencies. islation passed in 1994. The legislation resembles the re­ The legislation requires the department to reduce employ­ organization plan first proposed by the Clinton adminis­ ment by at least 7,500 staff years by fiscal 1999. The tration last year. The President signed the bill on October measure requires that these staff reductions be propor­ 13, marking one of President Clinton's biggest victories tionately larger in the department's Washington headquar­ in his effort to "reinvent" the federal government. The ters than in the local field offices that carry out its farm overhaul of the Agriculture Department will attempt to programs, a provision pressed by farm-state Members of streamline and reduce employment levels in one of the Congress. Tthe bill also would require the Secretary to government's largest agencies. combine in each locality the field offices of all major farm The bill passed Congress after being delayed for programs, which today are often housed in separate loca­ months by policy disagreements and political maneuver­ tions - in order to provide "one-stop shopping" opportuni­ ing. The bill was held from floor action because of a ties for participants of farm programs. This concept of dispute between farm-district members and environmen­ convenience is at the heart of the centerpiece of the reor­ talists over a provision, passed by the House Agriculture ganization plan: a Consolidated Fann Service Agency that Committee, requiring cost-benefit analysis of any new would merge the current functions of the agencies that regulation that would deal with health, safety or the envi­ oversee farm subsidy, farm lending and crop insurance rorunent. The House resolved its impasse by reaching a programs. compromise on the cost-benefit issue and passing a sepa­ rate reorganization bill September 28. RDA Water/ Sewer in the NEW USDA Of key concern to rural water associations and systems is the creation of the new Rural Utilities Service which will house the rural water and sewer loan and grant Sn-rl'ta ry of . \grirultu n.• program. The Rural Utilities Service will combines the electric and telephone programs of the Rural Electrifica­ Under Secretary for Rural tion AdJ:njnistration, which were controversial, with the Economic and Community water and sewer programs of the Rural Development Ad­ Development ministration, which were not. The RDA rural water and sewer program is one of the most successful rural development programs with l{ural l .tilitirs St•n in• an extremely low default rate for loans and a tremendous improvement in public health in rural areas. The RDA grant and loan program has an incredible low default rate (REA)Rural on its loans. RDA Water Electric Telephone Last fiscal year the RDA grant program spent and Sewer Administra­ and Electric $445,789,434 on 703 grants to systems and the loans pro­ Programs tion Programs gram spent $715,499,597 on 993 loans to systems. See the state by state breakout on the reverse page.

National Rural Water Association's Washington Office 2715 M Street, Suite 300, Washington, DC (202) 298-5596 54 The Washington Report Jobn H. Montgomery December 1994 STATE FY 94 RDA Grants $ Slstems FY94 RDA Loans $ Slstems Alabama 11 ,235,800 15 12,099,700 29 Arizona 5,174,600 4 4,501,940 7 Arkansas 12,742,000 29 17,599,900 40 California 12,983,920 14 18,152,500 14 Colorado 2,849,600 5 2,873,300 10 Connecticut 2,730,600 2 4,484,527 5 Delaware 1,337,500 2 2,915,100 3 Florida 10,943,200 11 9,138,600 14 Georgia 15,297,400 19 22,675,840 27 Hawaii 1,575,000 1 787,500 1 Idaho 3,324,000 6 3,904,300 8 Illinois 12,003,184 16 14,325,050 32 Indiana 11,622,160 12 21,946,200 15 Iowa 7,680,000 18 13,254,000 21 Kansas 3,584,800 9 2,956,500 11 Kentucky 15,758,000 42 33,251,600 62 Louisiana 10,971,100 18 19,220,700 29 Maine 7,594,000 17 17,212,500 24 Maryland 4,239,000 6 8,378,700 8 Massachusetts 4,855,700 6 27,291,700 20 Michigan 16,096,000 13 17,901,000 16 Minnesota 8,230,300 17 13,944,200 28 Mississippi 12,310,500 30 17,242,100 56 Missouri 12,814,000 23 11,331,900 18 Montana NA NA 3,073,100 8 Nebraska 3,016,800 11 6,206,000 12 Nevada 898,700 2 5,529,500 6 New Mexico 5,174,600 4 2,940,000 6 New Hampshire 4,644,000 9 11,432,800 10 New York 14,731,600 34 30,260,700 51 New Jersey 9,295,000 7 12,839,3000 9 North Carolina 19,067,500 21 41,912,500 23 North Dakota 2,011,000 4 6,042,500 9 Ohio 19,231,000 23 31,967,300 30 Oklahoma 12,833,490 32 13,735,500 32 Oregon 8,558,300 8 11,110,700 13 Pennsylvania 20,919,400 19 35,735,000 29 Puerto Rico 19,999,560 17 35,228,000 26 Rhode Island 659,500 1 220,000 1 South Dakota 8,492,660 9 6,486,230 9 South Carolina 9,631,000 12 17,984,100 24 Tennessee 12,640,000 34 23,408,000 44 Texas 20,071,000 35 24,408,000 49 Utah 1,429,000 5 2,016,700 4 Vermont 2,145,800 7 6,006,200 7 Virginia 17,500,300 18 23,288,610 26 Washington 8,913,700 13 15,481,100 19 West Virginia 9,789,360 21 16,405,000 28 Wisconsin 9,627,000 12 13,282,700 14 Wyoming 5,047,700 6 1,110,700 6

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24 Hours A Day 165 Stewart Avenue CALL: ( 412) 728-0460 East Rochester, PA 15074 Mike Carver, Consultant

56 (3) Locations To Serve You CONNEAUT LAKE, PA Phone (814) 382-8196 NEW DERRY, PA Phone (412) 694-2900 ORMSBY, PA Phone(814)465-3520

r------,11 : YOU NEED THIS'' : United States Environmental Protection Agency - William Richardson, past president I Region Ill I American Water Works Association and 841 Chestnut Building 1 International Water Supply Association 1 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107-4431 I USA BlueBook·- is a 320 page I catalog of supplies and parts for I Ms. Judith M. Muehl water and wastewater operators. 1 Groundwater Technician The company is run by industry Pennsylvania Rural Water Association professionals with years of field I 138 West Bishop Street experience in operations. Over Bellefonte, PA 16823 7,000 items are in stock ready for immediate delivery. The catalog includes prices, pictures and Dear Judy: descriptions on everything from laboratory supplies to chemical Thank you very much for your involvement and active par­ feed pumps and from DO probes to ticipation at the Ground Water Stakeholders' conference confined space. Products from over held in Washington, D.C., on December 12-13. 400 manufacturers are listed. l received many compliments on the exhibits and presenta­ Order your FREE copy today! tions by the state and local officials in Region Ill, and you Call 1-800-548-1234 contributed greatly to this success. 1 hope you found the conference helpful and interesting Name ------Title ------and that you can apply what you learned in your work. Address ______Thanks again. Sincerely yours, Facility ------City------State __ Zip ______zi· .. Phone ( ~ We need this to serve you better. D Engineer D Operator D Reseller D Industrial Virginia G. Thompson, Chief Ground Water Protectlon Section Mail to: USA BlueBook P.O. Box 1186, Northbrook, IL 60065 L------~ ------~ PRWA TRAININGS -

PENNSYLVANIA • • • MAKE PLANS TO ATTEND ONE TODAY

PHIPPS & BIRD 874 1 Landmark Road P.O. Box 27324 Division of General Medical Richmond, Virginia 23261-7324 Manufacturing Corporation 804/264-7590

November 3, 1994

Mr_Steve Krchnavy Program Manager Pennsylvania Rural Water Association 138 West Bishop Street Bellefonte, PA 16823 Dear Steve, Just a quick note to thank you for hosting the Jar Test training seminar, and for inviting us to participate. It was a great success_ Please pass along my thanks to Chris as welL The seminars were well-organized; you had a great turnout, and your "trainers" were excellent It was a pleasure to be a part of the sessions, and I look for­ ward to the next opportunity. Keep me posted as to when you think you'll plan another seminar, and I'll get it on our schedule_ If you have a list of names and addresses of the attendees, please fax it to me at 804/264-3134. I would like to do a follow-up mailing to each one. - I hope by now your daughter has arrived safe and sound, and you and your wife are experiencing the joys and fulfillment parenthood brings! (You'll get the trials and tribulations later!) Our heartfeld congratula­ tions and best wishes to your family_ Ke~p in touch!

Yol.\rs truly, {~ Wes Skaperdas General Manager

Call us for a training schedule - 1-814-353-9302

5 8 A Technical Advisory from NRWA Vol. 5, No 3 Winter 1994

GAO Report: Background The cost of municipalities unmet needs for wastewater treatment Alternative Wastewater facilities rose about $18 billion from 1988 to 1992 and totaled $108 billion in 1992. Small wastewater systems needs are about 12% or Treatment Systems $13 billion of the total need.

In the 1972 Clean Water Act, the Congress promoted the development and use of innovative and alternative wastewater treatment methods. However, financial incentives were not added to promote these cost saving technologies until the 1977 amendments to the Clean Water Act established the innovative and alternative Purpose of the Report wastewater treatment technology (I&A) program.

The Chairman of Subcommittee on Investigation Under the 1977 amendments, the I&A program increased the and Oversight, House Committee on Public Works federal share for I&A projects from 75% to 85 % of total costs. and Transpo11ation asked the General Accounting Starting in fiscal year 1985, the federal share for conventional Office (GAO) whether costs of wastewater treatment technologies dropped to 55% and the federal share for I&A dropped could be reduced by using alternative treatment to 75%. systems. Alternative systems included small diameter pipe collection systems, and natural treatment systems Under the 1987 amendments to the Clean Water Act, the I&A such as land application and constructed wetlands. program was terminated after fiscal year 1990. The Construction Grants Program was also te1minated after fiscal year 1990. Although the state revolving funds have replaced constntction grants, the 1987 amendments made no distinction between the funding of innovative or alternative technologies and conventional technologies under the state revolving fund program.

Findings

Conclusion Alternative systems for collecting and treating wastewater offer the potential cost savings in certain circumstances. In such cases, the The cost of treating wastewater is huge and alternative may help communities- particularly small ones, which r;:tpidly rising. Many rural and small communities have not been able to afford conventional treatment systems to meet my not be able to.afford conventional wastewater their wastewater treatment needs. collection and tteatment systems. I{owever1 alternative wastewater collection and treatment There are barriers to the use of alternative systems. The principal syst~msare available and may be more affordable. one is the lack of knowledge of design and application on the part of Savings of30-40% h,ave been cited by some state engineers and state and local officials. Other barriers include official-s for installation of alternative financial disincentives within the private sector to designing and/or -technologies. constructing facilities and restrictive state and local codes.

59 PENNSYLVANIA RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION UPCOMING TRAININGS FOR 1994

JANUARY 1995: 18th GROUNDWATER WORKSHOP Allentown, Days Inn

18th SLUDGE MANAGEMENT WORKSHOP Dover, Dover Twp. Community Center

25th WASTEWATER COLLECTION SYSTEM Ramada Inn, Clarks Summit

FEBRUARY 1995: 7th, 8th & 9th TEXAS A & M WASTEWATER TREATMENT PRWA Office 138 West Bishop Street, Bellefonte, PA

14th, 15th & 16th TEXAS A & M BASIC WATER WORKS OPERATION Triton Hose Company, 126 Warren Street, Tunkhannock, PA

MARCH 1995: 26th, 27th & 28th 7th ANNUAL PRWA STATE CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION Nittany Lion Inn, State College, PA

MAY 1995: 9th, 10th & 11th TEXAS A & M BASIC WASTEWATER Gettysburg

16th, 17th & 18th SURFACE WATER PRODUCTION (ADVANCED)

Williamstown, Williamstown Community Center

JUNE 1995: 20th, 21st & 22nd TEXAS A & M BASIC WATER WORKS OPERATION Polk Center, Main Street, P olk, PA

*TBA Workshop To Be Announced at a later date. **All trainings are subject to change. Additional trainings are periodically added. To register for any training or for more information on these trainings or others, please call our office at 814-353-9302. ***All cancellations must be received fifteen days prior to training date for refund.

60 Water Quality­ Exceeds all Standards! PENNSYLVANIA

EPD Drinking Water Filtration Systems offer the only cost· State Approved effective way to meet and exceed the current and future regulatory standards governing surface water treatment as set forth by all ALTERNATIVE national and state Environmental Protection Technology Agencies. These complete, fully-automatic, packaged filtration systems provide exceptional water clarity for the low to mid-size water AFFORDABLE PILOTING volume user. • Low initial cost-often 1-Season Required 60% to 80% less. • Extremely low operating costs-pennies a day. • Media is permanent- no cartridges to replace. 24-HOUR SERVICE • Complete instrumentation is provided. Factory-Trained Technicans • Removes lurbidity to less than 0.2 NTU (documented). • Two plus log removal of Giardia and Cryptosporidium {documented). Main Line Distributors Inc. 169 Boro Line Road King Of Prussia, PA 19406 • Fully automatic operation requires zero daily maintenance. For Information & Pricing • Built in fail-safe device with an Auto-Dialer to alert operator. • Filter systems with flow volumes of 500 gpd to 2,280,000 gpd. • 10 year product warranty. Call

The following are available upon request: • Performance evaluation study of virus, Giardia, and Cryplosporidium. 1-717-646-7994 • Au toCad drawings of filter systems. • Pilot studies (at an affordable cost). 1-610-962-0533 ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCTS DIVISION lndustriar.eommorclaJ Flllra1ion 10959 Jersey Blvd. • Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730 Tel: 909/987-4741 Fax: 9091980-0700 PENNSYLVANIA RURAL WATER "What's in it for me?" ASSOCIATION

System Member Associate Member • Free Access to Pennsylvania Rural Water Association's Technical • The chance to offer Pennsylvania Rural Water Association's Assistance Library, slide presentations and videos members a special discount to promote your product • Periodical discounts given to members only - offered through our • Free yearly subscription to our magazine "The Keystone Tap" Associate Members and discounted advertising • Free access to technical equipment • Free advertising in Pennsylvania Aural Water Association's • Free yearly subscription to our magazine "The Keystone Tap" " Industry Contact Book" • Free copy of Pennsylvania Rural Water Association "Industry Contact • Information sent directly to you on all Pennsylvania Rural Water Book" or supplier infonnation offered Association's Training Sessions • Information sent directly to you on all Pennsylvania Rural Water • Discount for members only given on Pennsylvania Aural Water Association's Training Sessions Associations' Annual Technical Conference registration and • Discount for members only given on Pennsylvania Rural Water exhibiting Associations' Annual Technical Conference • Periodic mailings of all legislative updates pertaining to • Technical assistance provided by registered circuit riders at no water/wastewater systems charge to you • A quarterly "Members Only" Newsletter • Periodic mailings of all legislative updates pertaining to • Annual Associate Members Luncheon water/wastewater systems • A quarterly " Members Only" Newsletter PRWA- "ENRICHING LIFE IN PENNSYLVANIA"

YES, (I) (WE) want to support PRWA: Please print or type Water System Membership ------­ SYSTEM/COMPANY NAME ------($175.00 per year) ADDRESS ______Waste Water System Membership ------­ CITY ------STATE _ ___ ZIP _____ ($175.00 per year) CONTACTPERSON ______Joint Water/Waste Water System Membership _ ___ PHONE NUMBER------COUNTY-----­ ($225.00 per year) Individual Membership _ _ _ NUMBER OF METERS IN SERVICE DATE----- ($50.00 per year) Mail To: Pennsylvania Rural Water Association Associate Membership ___ 138 West Bishop Street, Bellefonte, PA 16823 {814) 353-9302 ($200.00 per year) Pennsylvania Rural Water Association Bulk Rate 138 West Bishop Street U.S. Postage Bellefonte, PA 16823 PAID Permit No. 12 Indiana, PA 15701

Address Correction Requested

ATIENTION: WATER/W.W. DEPT. When finished reading, please route to : 0 Operators/Managers 0 Clerk/Treasurer 0 Board