March 1991

EDITOR'S NOTES

ne of the lead stories this O month focuses on the history of fingerprinting in Canada. This story is an updated reprint of a feature from Blue Line's March 1989 Issue (Vol.1 IN THIS ISSUE No.3) . It has been 80 years since RCMP Inspector Edward Foster first FEATURES: took the stand in a Chicago murder trial that saw the birth of a technology that revolutionized the law enforce­ Editor's Notes 3 ment profession. Eighty years later we Letters to the Editor 4 find the task of sorting and claSSify­ Editorial - Report of the Rationalization Study Team 5 ing fingerprints has been made less Finger Printing in Canada - Morley Lymburner 6 tedious by technology. The next step, scanning fingerprints, will take away J. Police Agencies Communicate - Patrick McManus 10 the messy inks that all too often Profile 22 smudge and smear. Modern tech­ Ontario Police Differ - Thomas Vares 23 nological applications to traditional Police or Political Control - Part 1 - Connie Boyden 24 police tasks is once again revolutioniz­ ing law enforcement. Up-Coming Events 27 In other stories this month we pro­ Product News 28 file the Halifax Police Department's Rap With Rock 30 radical break from past strategies of Blue Line Word Search 30 policing. A second story zeros in on a new multi-faceted communications NEWS: system that supports the cities of Halifax, Dartmouth and Bedford Officer Cleared in "Off-Duty" Shooting Incident 16 police departments. An excellent example of inter-force co-operation. 16 . Police Rapped for Copying Films Over the next several months you Father Charged with Daughter's Death 17 will be reading several submissions regarding the Ontario Police Services CASE LAW: Act. It is an important piece of legisla­ tion for the future of policing in this Waitress Victim of Entrapment 15 country and is seen by many as a Court Rules Prostitute was Entrapped 15 framework for policing in Canada. Some people feel, however, that Officers Should Amend Blood Sample Demand 18 portions of this act pose a real danger Taking Photo of Accused was Charter Breach 18 to the future style and delivery of police services. Where we have come from, where we stand today and where we are going ... read about it here in Blue Line Magazine.

March 1991 3 BETTER THAN EXCELLENT of golfing cartoons as well. We may Letters to the Editor perhaps get a few when the season After 10 years with the Metro Toron­ draws nigh. Tony assures me that the to Police Force, I am now enjoying A LUCKY FIND letters of compliment I receive about police work in the Maritimes. Your his talents are not his relatives. Luck was with me a couple of days magazine is excellent in keeping us ago. I discovered your magazine. current with the different issues that ••• I had arrived much too early for a affect law enforcement across the READ COVER TO COVER meeting of Police Service Boards country. I am looking forward to I am writing to have you change my which was to take place at a Durham future issues. address so I do not miss a single issue Regional Police Station. While I was The R.I.D.E. Team is better than of your magazine. Keep up the good wandering around I happened upon excellent. Was Tony MacKinnon a work. Yours is probably the only an Oct. '90 copy of your magazine. Traffic Man?? magazine I read .... cover to cover! The article "A Personal View" by Chris Chris Morris Dale Whitham Braiden simply astounded me in the Saint John, N.B. Winnipeg, Manitoba way he thought, because I think the same way. You see, though I am now ••• • •• a member of a Police Services Board Editor's Notes: Just about every (Police Commission) it was only a few Editor's Notes: I would suppose that one, way down deep, would like to this is an appropriate time to remind short years ago that I was a police be a Traffic Officer. Tony, however, constable. And yes, like Mr. Braiden our subscribers to notify us of any had to settle for second best. He is a address changes. We need at least 30 I used to, and still do wonder why the Sergeant. police do and act the way they do. days notice to ensure your subscrip­ Tony had his modest beginnings in tion doesn't develop hiccups in I can remember shivering on foot a police force that had to be disband­ patrol wearing a short sleeve shirt delivery. ed because no one could spell or pro­ because someone decided that it nounce the name. How would you ••• would be the dress of the day. like to say you're are a member of the Promotions: 100 people try for 5 Chinguacoosy Township Police Force? AVID READER positions, the result is , 5 very happy Peel Region Police took pity on this As an avid reader and subscriber to p ople but 95 very unhappy people. group and amalgamated them in Blue line Magazine, as well as a law Mr Braiden mentions the very real 1972. enforcement officer with the City of fact about the tendency to look at a Tony, wanting to live life in the fast Winnipeg Police Department, I would man's shoulder or arms for the sign lane, moved to the City of Belleville like to congratulate you on your ex­ of intelligence instead of looking at the were he has been sentenced to stay cellent periodical. I find many of the man's brains. In most police forces with their police force until pension articles both informative and useful to there are enough Rules and Regula­ time with no hope for parole. the law enforcement field . tions, tanding Orders and Notices to Tony's talents do not stop at law en­ Marc Rogers (B.A.) choke a herd of elephants. Then the forcement. He has a good collection Winnipeg, Manitoba brass wants to know why there insn't more personal initiative! Over ten y ars ago I took a police management course and found it to be the best course I had ever taken and I have yet FLASlms to see many, if any, of the ideas by TOllY MacKinnon implemented. Something has to change soon. I used to thing I was the only one out there that thought like that but ''A pparently he's tem­ after reading the article and talking to porarily in charge of Mr. Braiden on the phone I realize I'm issuing equipment not alone and with luck there are a while everyone else lot more of us out there. is on holiday!" You seem to have an excellent magazine which has been needed for a long time. You really made my day when I found your magazine. Roger Gadd Alliston, Ontario

4 March 1991 Vo l. 3 No.3 · March 199 1 EDITORIAL - EDITOR/ PUBLISHER - Morley Lymburner

- EDITORIAL ADVISORS - David H. Tsubouchi, LL. B. Less Study and More Action Required Edward Gunraj (PoO.A. Consultant) Mary Lymburner B.A. M.Ed. Gerald A. Oxman LC.LA. Report of the Regionalization Study Team Jaan Schaer B.A. (Metro Police E. A.P.) Tom Dykes Chris Offer - Robert Hotston B.A. M.Crim. Rick Patrick (Lambton Co ll ege) The Editorial Advisors are persons police d e pa rtments were from whom this publication seeks out advice and guidance. The use of their amalgamated into the City of Van­ names is merely for recognition of their assistance and ongoing support. couver. At that time a provincial - ADVERTISING - review of the po lice in greater Van­ Allan W. Stiver couver recommended further - CONTRIBUTING WRITERS - amalgamation of police departments Lucy Becker • Louise Dueck AI Porter • Richard Duplain by integrating the New Westminster • Daff ydd Hermann • Craig McMillan and Burnaby po li ce into the Van­ • T. Richard Coll edge • Murray E. Mill igan • Rock Dueck • Geoff Cates • Robert Hotston couver Department to form one - ILLUSTRATION - department with improved effec­ Tony Mac Ki nnon • Bette Clark tiveness. Since that study the idea sur­ Dave Sills faces about every 10 years, and - DESIGN AND PRODUCTION - results in a report, a brief debate and Jim Kelly Camelot Graphic Design is then relegated to the stacks in the 97 Sir La ncelot Drive Markham, Ontario L3P 2J3 provincial archives. Business Office: (416) 294-4773 The current study was conducted Editorial: (416) 293-2631 Fax: (4 16) 293-0526 by personnel from the Ministry of Advertising: (416) 294-5502 Fax: (416) 294-8952 Production: (416) 471-0303 Fax: (41 6) 471-0305 Solicitor General and police represen­ tatives_ A literature review was com­ Blue line Magazine is published monthly. ten times per year by Blue line Magazine Incorporated with pleted, visits and interviews were head office at 11 8 Main Street North. Markham. SISgt. Chris Offer, Vancouver PD. Ontario Canada. L3P IY!. Editorial and copy is con­ conducted with leaders from police sidered to be completely separate from advertising sales. No committment for editorial coverage can he release in August of the agencies and from the three levels of form any part of a sale agreement. All articles are report on regional policing from government. protected by copyright. No part of this publication T may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or the British Columbia Ministry of There are many examples of by any means, electronic or mechanical. including photocopying and recording. or by any information Solicitor General, Police Services regionalization in Ontario Quebec and storage or retrieval system without permission from the publisher. Branch, stimulated considerable England. These were examined as The a uthors. advisors and publisher accept no discussion on the advantages of Van­ part of the study_ Not surprisingly the li ability whatsoever fo r any injuries to person or pro­ perty resulti ng from the application or adoption of couver and Victoria regionalizing study found that there is strong sup­ any of the procedures. tactics or co n sider~tions presented in this magazine. Readers are cautIOned police departments and speculation port for regional policing from all and advised that articles presented herein are edited as to when the new agencies will be levels of the police community. a nd supplied for your personal awareness and should not be referred to for further action until formed. The police in B.c. have possibly the appropriate advice and guidance is received from a supervising officer or the advice of a Crown For anyone who has worked the highest level of co-operation between Attorn ey Blue line Magazine is an in dependant publication justice system in B.c. for any length agencies anywhere in Canada and designed to educate and upgrade the skills of those of time this is far from a new idea. certainly higher than any examples involved in the law enforcement profession. It has no direct control from a law enforcement agency and This is the latest in a long list of found in the United States. Co­ its opinions and articles do not neccessarily reflect the opinions of any government agency or police reports, studies and papers on operation, as pOinted out in the study, fo rce. Blue line Magazine is Printed in C"nada by regional policing. The previous report Johanns Graphics. The sole a uthori zed distributor can only accomplish a certain level of of Blue line Magazine is Green Ga bles Book was produced in 1988, by the Greater efficiency and effectiveness. Combin­ S hop, Markham, Ontario. Vancouver Regional District. That ed drug squads, joint forces opera­ Associate member, National report led to the current study in the tions, regional 9-1-1 emergency ser­ Association of Police Planners ongoing analysis of regional policing ~ Member, Periodical vices, shared dog squads, identifica­ ~ Publishers Exchange dating back to the 1920s_ tion services and emergency response ISSN #0847 8538 In 1929, the municipalities of Point Second class mail registration No. 8242 teams have cultivated this significant Grey and South Vancouver and their level of collaboration. Continued on page 9

March 1991 5 discredit the evidence. He began by asking the Inspector if the local ident Fingerprinting officer could raise fingerprints from the rough surface of the desk he had his hands on. He advised the court In Canada that he could not. Flushed by this suc­ cess he then asked if prints could be - Morley Lymburner - raised off of a piece of paper. He was advised that they could. On a challenge from the defence n December 26th, 1987, in Canada but in Chicago in 1911. attorney the Inspector produced the O New Orleans, while parked at Some five years later he established powder and dusted the piece of a lake front, a 21-year-old woman was the Canadian Central Bureau in paper. The prints of the lawyer were shot and killed during an attempted Ottawa for the Identification of produced. The jury appeared quite robbery and rape. Her boyfriend was Criminals. impressed. So impressed that the seriously injured. Two fingerprints This case surrounded a man by the defense attorney spilled water over were lifted from the back window of name of Thomas Jennings who was the paper to destroy the demonstra­ the vehicle in which they had been sit­ charged with murder. With the excep­ tion. It was to no effect. The judge rul­ ting. They were entered into the tion of fingerprints, the case against ed the fingerprint evidence admissi­ police department's automated finger­ him was quite slim . There was little ble. The accused was found guilty and print identification system (AFIS) . doubt that if the fingerprints were not hung on December 22nd, 1911. The system, developed by De admissible, the case was lost. LaRue Printrak Inc., searched the file The Chicago Police decided that The Early History of one million prints and selected they required some of the world's Fingerprints have been used eight candidates. The fingerprint ex­ greatest experts to prove their case. sporadically throughout civilization's aminer then compared those can­ Among many others called was history to seal contracts. The earliest didates with the unknown prints and Inspector Foster. known use of fingerprints can be trac­ made a positive identification. The ed to a Sumerian cuneiform cylinder total process took minutes. The New outlining a trade contract about 2000 Orleans Police arrested the suspect B.C. One of the earliest known Euro­ and charged him with seven murders, pean publications of fingerprint obser­ eight rapes and more than twenty vation was offered in 1684 by Dr. armed robberies that occurred over a Nehemiah Grew of England. Dr. period of three months. Grew made an intense study of the The technology that captured this skin and minutely described the pores man owes a lot to history and the and ridges. Two years later, in 1686, dogged determination of a dedicated another scientific paper appeared breed of people. Who these people under the name of Marcello Malpighi are and what science they utilize to of Italy. The research work of this man the benefit of society will be explain­ was of such outstanding importance ed in this article. that one of the layers of human skin now bears his name. Inspector Edward Foster In the year of 1788, a German This year marks the 80th anniversary Doctor by the name of Mayer was the of fingerprinting in Canada. The re­ first to make the statement that finger­ cognition of the expertise of the late Fingerprint Pioneer prints are not duplicated by nature. RCMP Insp. Edward Foster, as the Re MP Inspector Edward Fbster The next major step was made by a founder of Canadian fingerprinting, is The Inspector presented the case German University student by the an important part of this anniversary. in favour of the scientific reliability of name of Evangelist Purkinje who Strangely enough Foster's first case, fingerprints. Under cross examination classified nine major groups of where he gave evidence, was not in the defence lawyer attempted to fingerprints.

6 March 1991 The Road To Judicial Notice body. An arrested person was part of Canadian History. One was measured in certain areas and certain Mrs. M.E. Holland, wife of the editor It was not until 1858 that Sir William notes taken and placed on a file card. of the publication "The Detective"; the Herschel, an assistant employed by The system required the measuring of other was the Commissioner of Police the Old East India Company of the head, the body's height, the for Canada, Sir Percy Sherwood. Mrs. Bengal, used the fingerprint impres­ length of the middle finger of the left Holland, a detective in her own right, sion to seal a road surfacing contract hand and left foot, and the elbow to was attending the St.Louis convention with a "Hindoo" man in the interior elbow measurement of crossed arms. of the I.A.c.p with her husband. She of Bengal. The signature of the man The system had many drawbacks. too became fascinated with finger­ appeared to be so contrived that he Many cards were misfiled, printing at the same time, while he decided to have the contract signed measurements taken in a shoddy and Ferrier were stationed at the Fair, with both their palm prints. He manner, and the differences that and in fact arranged a meeting for reported this to the Royal SOciety and would occur as people grew older. Foster with the English policeman. Sir Francis Galton. Another factor spelled the doom of Constable Foster's experience con­ Sir Francis Galton was a big sup­ Bertillon's system. There were many vinced him that a similar organization porter of Herschel's theory that a per­ cases of convictions being made and in Canada would do much to en­ son's fingerprints do not change their innocent persons spending many courage national interest and co­ pattern through out a lifetime. They years in jail only to have the guilty per­ operation in fingerprinting. It would proved this by using their own prints son come forth after several years. In­ also help to bond all police forces over a period of some 31 years. variably they found the together with a common technology. Another collection was started to prove a measurements to be quite close. He discussed this subject with Sir Per­ theory of persistency between the The Bertillon method of identifica­ cy Sherwood and found in him a years 1858 and 1913. During this tion was only useful in cases where source of knowledge and time the theory was well accepted by the court wished to prove a previous encouragement. the public but not by the judiciary. record. It had no real investigative The efforts of Herschel proVided value as did fingerprints. In 1898 the The Toronto Police Connection the foundation upon which Francis Canadian Parliament passed the Sir Percy believed that the Deputy Galton based his investigations Identification of Criminals Act that Chief Constable of Toronto, Mr. Stark, around 1880. He began to build a provided that all persons charged with would be an ideal man to interest in classification system which he wrote an indictable offence be subjected to the project and subsequently told about in his book "Fingerprints" the Bertillon method. Foster that he had received an en­ published in 1893. This book was The system never got off the read with great interest by Sir Edward thusiastic response from the Toronto ground because there were ample officer. An organizational meeting of Henry, Inspector-General of the lower rumours that the system was fast be­ the newly proposed group was held provinces of India. He found some ing outdistanced by the fingerprint on September 6th, 1905, at Toronto flaws in the categorization of finger­ system. In 1908 the old act was and one year later came the first prints as written and set about to replaced and the fingerprint system positive action toward the founding of refine the system with great efficien­ and photograph were instituted. cy. The "Henry" system was then a national fingerprint bureau for Canada. immortalized and is universally The Canadian Experience accepted. Opposition which stalled Foster's In the year 1901, fingerprints were first plans would have discouraged a less introduced in Scotland Yard. In 1904 dedicated man, but he was in truth a Bertillon vs. Fingerprints Scotland Yard sent John Ferrier to the "man with a mission". With the sup­ Fingerprints had a real problem. They St.Louis World's Fair to guard the port of his Chief, the project was kept had to compete with the "Bertillon" Crown Jewels. While there he in­ before the government. On July 21st, system that had been in use and more terested Constable Edward Foster, of 1908, an Order in Council was pass­ readily accepted by police forces the Canadian Dominion Police, in the ed sanctioning the use of the finger­ world wide since 1879. science of fingerprints. print system and making the provi­ This system was based on anthro­ There are probably two other peo­ sions of the Identification of Criminals pometric measurements of the adult ple who bear some influence on this Act applicable to it.

March 1991 7 The first Toronto Police Identifica­ world had attempted to perfect a the Metropolitan Toronto Police Force tion Bureau was formed in 1867, at system, but by 1971 the Metropolitan took delivery of an identical system which time records were kept by Toronto Police Identification Bureau late in 1988. Both systems are cur­ name and physical description only. had its system in full operation. Their rently connected and the Toronto bas­ In 1 94 the records were augmented method of searching was the subject ed unit can be linked to other forces by the introduction of the criminal of study by other identification in Southern Ontario who purchase photograph. bureaus within Canada, the United work stations compatible with their ergeant Duncan, a self taught States, Scotland Yard , and New new system. The York Regional Police fingerprint expert, started the Toron­ Zealand. These search principles were Force was the first to link up in this to collection in 1906 with the ac­ adopted in whole or in part by many fashion late in 1990. cumulation of sets. In 1911 the and the modern computer Toronto Force handed over their en­ technology owes much to the labours tire collection to the Dominion Police of this branch. (later to become the RCMP) . The identification of a fingerprint, The first conviction in Canada, regardless of new and modern solely on fingerprint evidence was technology, still depends on the per­ recorded on April 25th, 1932. The sonal viewing of the fingerprint by so­ testimony was given by Mr. O.E. meone who has received extensive Borland who later became the Chief training and experience in this Id entification Officer within the specialized work. Technology has Toronto Police Department from 1943 made great strides in eliminating the to 1960. tedious task of searching and classi­ fying of fingerprints. The experts to­ The Computer Age day can spend more valuable time in With the advent of the "computer searching and screening through age" a study was started in 1965 to larger and larger numbers of prints in devise a system to search fingerprints search for the true culprits. utilizing the speed of the new equip­ The R.C.M.P were the first in Canada to obtain this technology and ment. Many agencies throughout the Presently the De LaRue system is installed in Vancouver, Ottawa, York Region, Peel Region and Metro Toronto. A similar system built by NEC Corporation has been installed and functioning in Calgary, Edmon­ ton and Winnipeg. All of these agen­ cies benefit from extensive inter-force co-operation. Many positive identifications have been made with this new technology as ident officers scan their case files to clear off many old cases. With this new technology in hand many com­ panies are now turning to digitized mug shots and computerized photo enhancing to further aid law enforcement. It is hard to believe that it all started in the mid nineteenth century with a British company executive's distrust of a local contractor's signature. He ource in/ormation and photographsfor this article courtesy of The R 'MP Gazette, the Metropolitan Thronto Police Force Identification Bureau, D.P. P. and De LaRue Printrak Incorporated of Anaheim aliJornia.

8 March 1991 Continued from page 5 The police community desires the The report attempts to give an op­ next logical step, regional policing. tion suitable to every taste. The failure Police members differ only on the to vie support to one model of form of regional policing rather than regional policing will ensure that this on the notion that the idea is sound. study joins the others on the dusty ar­ This latest report found that chive shelves. regional police departments in Regional policing should be of in ­ Ontario, "on average, ... are as equal terest to all who have an interest in or even more effective at similar or the Criminal Justice System in B.C. "COOPERATION - The current fragmentation of policing lower cost than independent IN PUBLIC municipal forces ." Advantages of has a detrimental bearing on courts, regional forces include; specialization corrections, probation and communi­ SAFETY RESPONSE" of tasks, long range planning, less ty agencies. Each department sets its MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN vulnerable to local political influence, own policy and interprets provincial May 26-31, 1991 greater career possibilities, economies policy in a variety of ways. Clearly it of scale and reduction in manage­ is advantageous for the whole system If your job or business is involv­ ment ratios. to see regional policing in Victoria and ed in anyway with combatting The arguments against regional Vancouver. terrorism, explosive disposal, policing focus on the loss of local con­ The study examined the investigation, or violence, you trol and arguments that understand­ amalgamation of the B.C. Provincial need to be in Milwaukee, ing of community problems is better Police and the R.c.M.P. in 1950, and Wisconsin . inferred that this transfer of policing with a small department. THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOC. duties worked well, therefore, the The latest B.C. reports reject a OF BOMB TECHNICIANS AND number of research papers published same will occur 40 years later. B.C. INVESTIGATORS (I.A.B.T.I.) in the early 1970s by Elinor Ostrom has changed considerably in the past 40 years. The study team could have International In-Service Train­ from the University of Indiana. In ing will be attended by profes­ these papers she argued that small obtained better direction by examin­ ing the transfer of courts from sional and special operations departments in the U.S. were more ef­ personnel from around the fective than larger departments. The municipalities and formation of the world. From large cities to rural B.c. study team concluded that recent Sheriff Service in the early 1970's, outposts ... federal agencies to Canadian data repudiates the asser­ than what occurred in 1950. local departments, military, law tions made by Ostrom and her The report states, "There is com­ enforcement, corrections, colleagues. plete agreement that nothing will hap­ security and ot her profes­ This most recent study reached the pen to improve police effectiveness sionals involved in explosives same conclusion as most other through consolidation of functions will convene in Milwaukee. studies; there should be regional unless the Ministry provides strong policing in Vancouver and Victoria. leadership." This is clearly the bottom 40 HOURS OF TRAINING: After coming to this conclusion the line for the future of regional policing Anti-terrorism, Counter-terror­ study team then pondered a dozen in Victoria, Vancouver and British ism, Initial Response Pro­ different forms that the amalgamation Columbia. Local governments will not cedures, Security, Management, should take. Suggestions included set aside their federal policing sub­ Research and EqUipment, three or four regional forces in Greater sidies or the perception of the need Violent Group Counteraction, Bomb Detection and Disposal, Vancouver, one provincial force, multi for local control unless nudged along Special Weapons and Equip­ tiered policing, amalgamation of a bit. This nudging is a fair exchange for proficient regional policing. ment, Education and Planning, police and fire services and several and much, much more will be combinations and permutations of Without direction and leadership presented. each of these. from the provincial government polic­ After examining all these possible ing in B.c. will remain balkanized. The For information, contact: options the study failed to reach a next step required is a provincial Glenn E. Wilt conclusion as to which alternative policy statement in support of regional policing as well as a task force with I.A.B.T.I. should be selected. This of course P.O. Box 6609 a mandate to implement regional leaves open the opportunity for Colorado Springs, CO 80934 another regional policing study in a policing in Vancouver and Victoria. Tel.: (719) 636-2596 year or two. We do not need another study. Fax: (719) 633-3723

March 1991 9 Police Agencies Communicate and Assist Each Other - Patrick J. McManus -

he call flashes across the police T cruiser's computer screen, telling the officers to respond to a domestic dispute in their zone. Then, as the orange letters race across the monitor, an ominous warning is added: the occupant is known to be violent when drunk and owns several weapons. The one comfort Halifax Police can take when answering such a call is that the machine sending them to the location- the "RAPID" system- is also like a third partner in the car. Once on the scene, if they find more trouble then they can handle, pun­ ching one letter on the keyboard calls up immediate reinforcements. Even more comforting is the knowledge that in a major disturbance, like a full ­ scale riot, RAPID will also send for MDT car system f01" RAPID help from two nearby police depart­ The five -year plan recommended stalled in 51 police cruisers in May ments, something unique for all of overhauling the department's com- 1990. Canada. munications and record storage For most big city police the RAPID- standing for Regionally capacity. Bids were sent in , 10 pro- technology is familiar. PRC's Applied Information Delivery-is the posals studied, and in the end the VAX-8350 mini-computers, the heart electronic tie which binds three Nova contract was awarded to San of RAPID, and the MOl 9100-10 cotia police departments: Halifax, its Francisco-based PRC (Planning Mobile Display Terminals in the cars, sister city Dartmouth, and the town Research Corporation). are in use in departments from Mon- of Bedford. The computer-radio net­ Although PRe's program was pro- treal to Calgary. RAPID's Computer- work is a high-tech dispatcher and ven internationally, first being test run Assisted Dispatch (CAD) keeps track electronic bulletin board for the three nearly a decade before by the Los of vehicles on duty, and sends them law enforcement agencies. Angeles Police Dept., civic leaders on calls after deciding availability and With just one button, police can not balked at its $4.1 million price tag. As workload. only call for assistance across Insp. Larry Clare, head of the HPD's The Records Management System municipal boundaries but literally support operations division, which (RMS) - with access to 17 databanks, keep abreast of what their counter­ oversees RAPID, recalls; "There were including CPIC, does an immediate parts are dOing, swap information on a lot of rolling of eyeballs over the cross-reference on calls. If it spots an items like investigations or even the cost." address with a history of trouble, it licence plates on stolen cars. A political solution though was sends a friendly heads-up warning. RAPID's inception came about in found. To defray costs, Dartmouth The case of training-requiring on- 19 5 when Halifax was laying the and Bedford were invited to join the Iy four hours in class for the average groundwork for its community-based program with their police depart- constable to master-led to the quick policing. With demise of the old divi­ ments. After some negotiation, a cost- adoption of the equipment. But in sion system, planners realized the new sharing agreement was signed in late Halifax, the system quickly proved its zone concept also needed new 1986. The system came on line in value. Three stolen cars were technology to make it work smoothly. December 1987 with the MDT's in - recovered in RAPID's first week of

10 March 1991 ledges the municipality couldn't afford with full representation from all three RAPID on its own. "It greatly reduces departments. Meeting once a month, our paperwork and let's us know what both committees look at how to im­ the two bigger departments are do­ prove the system, such as transferr­ ing." ing one of the VAX computers to A high level of inter-departmental Dartmouth as an added security co-operation is maintained through measure against damage or disaster. two committees- a management one As a credit to the co-operative spirit, chaired by Clare, and an advisory Clare reports, "We have had very few committee headed by MacDougall, problems we've had to work out."

ENHANCED VISIBILITY PATROL DETAIL

Cst. teve aunders with MIYI' car system j or RAPID. operation by officers practicing on the system with random checks of licence plates as they drove by. But RAPID has meant an un­ precedented degree of co-operation for the three police forces in the greater Metropolitan area. Separated only by a harbour, Halifax, Dart­ mouth and Bedford collectively have a population of over 250,000. Like in community-based policing, the authorities know criminals don't recognize boundaries, especially municipal ones. With RAPID, the col­ lective knowledge of the three depart­ For the past two years the Calgary ments is increased. For instance, if a City Police and Dartmouth detective is working on a Tech Bicycles have fraud case he can do a computer headed the Enhan­ name-search through Halifax files for ced Visibity Patrol a likely suspect. The process can take Detail. The patrol's operations include a matter of minutes. Before the in ­ general policing, vestigator could spend the whole day anti-drug, violence making phone calls back and forth , and jay walking often with little result. On that basis watches. alone, says Glenn MacDougall, HPD's computer systems manager, RAPID p.ays for itself "on the amount of time it saves on phone calls, leaving more time for investigations." Bedford Police Sergeant Greg Mur­ ray says RAPID is like an extra set of helping hands for his 20-man force. Although his department is well equipped-the town of 9,000 on the shores of Bedford Basin is one of the Cycletech Canada has a bicycle program for your area and a track most affluent in Canada for upper record to go with it. For more information call 1-800-661 -1662 or write income residents- Murray acknow- Cycletech Canada, #123-3016-1Oth Ave. N.E. , Calgary, Alberta T2A 6A3

March 1991 11 PROFILE

many of the policing issues we deal New Team Tackles New Job with into a practical perspective." Farnan adds that he too has some - Thomas Vares - exposure to police matters as a former New Democratic Critic for Correc­ tional Services. "Coming to the job "Change starts at the point of new we will make future amendments, from the outside allows me to look faces arriving on the scene. The first if required." at things in a new and objective thing to do is to evaluate exactly what Bill 107, the new Police Services manner." the current situation is and to iden­ Act, which provides the "legislative Solicitor General Farnan adds, "I tify whether and how change is re­ framework" for policing in OntariO, have a good comfort level with my quired. However, we can't just change received Royal Assent on June 28, new responsibilities, because I know things for the sake of change." 1990. The entire Act was proclaim­ I can seek the advice of competent Mike Farnan , ed on December 31, 1990. Ministry staff, and that I can continue Ontario's olicitor General The Act recognizes: the need for to count on these talented men and close working relations between the women who have been on the front ast September Ontario voters police and community; safety and lines of police service delivery." L swept in the New Democratic security of all persons; sensitivity to He refers to a favourite baseball Party to power for the first time. The the multicultural characteristics of analogy to describe his situation as party has promised to take a new OntariO; respect and sensitivity for vic­ Solicitor General. "At a baseball game direction in provincial affairs - one tims of crime; and the provision of the fans, often in the heat of the mo­ which is more open, fairer and ad­ policing services consistent with the ment, like to second ~uess a close call dresses the needs of all citizens. And spirit of the Charter of Rights and by the umpire. However, after a while, one of the biggest challenges facing Freedoms and the Ontario Human the emotional outburst is replaced by the new Solicitor General and his Rights Code. the rational awareness that the um­ Parliamentary Assistant is the new The Act also provides for man­ pire is closest to the plate and in the Police Services Act. datory employment equity, the crea­ best position to make the call. As "The former Liberal government tion of a Special Investigations Unit such, I feel that the people who are has left us an important new piece of (SIU) to inquire into circumstances of on the front lines of police service legislation, the new Police Services serious injuries and death that may delivery deserve to be listened to Act, and we must be prepared to have resulted from alleged criminal closely. And I most certainly will seek allow its practical application," says the offenses committed by police officers their advice and input." Solicitor General, acknowledging that (which was the only section of the Act The Solicitor General emphasizes a new Act must be legislated to to be proclaimed last August) , and the that community policing is of vital im ­ replace the old Act. establishment of police services portance to his Ministry and reflects " I sincerely congratulate my boards in all municipalities responsi­ the NDP policy of working in partner­ pr decessors and Ministry staff for tak­ ble for providing police services. ship with the community. Community ing the initiative to replace the old Parliamentary Assistant Gordon policing is also a concept which has Police Act of 1946" states the Solicitor Mills supports Mr. Farnan in his roles been practised by police profeSSionals General. "The new Act was drawn up as Solicitor General. He served in the for many years in many forms. as a result of extensive consultations Canadian Military Police as a police "We are just recognizing, in law, with police organizations and com­ officer and patrol sergeant from 1958 something that our officers have been munity groups. As such, I respect to 1970. He was first elected to the doing on a daily basis for generations. their opinion and I am prepared to Legislature last September by the We are affirming that this is a valuable give the legislation a chance. It is im ­ NDP sweep of the Ontario electorate. tradition. Its principle of involving the portant to give the Act a chance to "Gordon's police background is a police in the community and in the mature in real life." However, he cau­ valued contribution to our combina­ daily lives of its people, should be tions, "We intend to monitor the prac­ tion ," says Solicitor General Farnan, recognized," stresses the Solicitor tical application of the Act closely and "His front line experience helps to put General.

12 March 1991 brella group established to share com­ m unity resources to fight crime)." In addition to the Solicitor General's portfolio, Mr. Farnan also carries the Minister of Correctional Services as well as the Minister Responsible for the Anti-Drug Strategy. "The linkage of the Anti-Drug Secretariat to these two ministries takes us one more step closer to a total package approach to the justice system. It is naive to think that justice can be effected without brining together these major partners," he explains. The new Parliamentary Assistant, Gordon Mills, sees employment equi­ ty as an especially important mechanism in reinforcing the concept of community policing. "We can hard­ ly expect to serve new ethnic com­ munities if we do not have any representation among our rank and file . Having police officers who reflect the communities they serve, will pro­ vide us with a bridge to them." Solicitor General Farnan and Parliamentary Assistant Mills , Parliamentary Assistant Gordon Mills (leJt) supports Mike Farnan (right) as the new Solicitor however, emphasize that, "We are all General oj Ontario. Both men share a background in community commitment and Public responsible for the safety and securi­ Service. Farnan was aJormer AldermanJrom Cambridge, Ontario, while Mills is aJormer ty of every citizen in Ontario. The Military Police OJJicer. police are full time crime prevention Another area of concern to both men occurrences. Prevention is the crux of professionals. However, they can't do is the establishment of a provincial what we want to work on in the im- it alone, without the support and par­ public complaints system under the mediate future and we have already ticipation of the people they serve. Police Services Act, similar to the one begun with initiatives such as Crime Crime prevention must be a currently in place in Metro Toronto, Prevention Ontario (CPO, an um- cooperative effort to be effective.' IJ to respond to public complaints. "This ~~~~------~ recognizes the importance of the issue of police public accountability," em­ phasizes Mr. Farnan. FLASHES The Solicitor General also displays by Tony MacKinnon an investigative sense when underlin­ ing the importance of increasing crime prevention measures and communi­ ty participation in the process. He uses another analogy to describe what "Back off boys. I caught the he means, "In a community, when puck fair and square!" bodies are found down the river, it's only a matter of time before you have to go up the river to discover what is the cause. Then, and only then, do you not only solve the crime; but you can learn from the experience and develop measures to prevent future

March 1991 Part 6 system has anything but an in ­ finitesimal influence on the overall crime picture. A Personal View I have a few things on my office wall. One is a quote from Peter The King's New Suit Of Clothes Drucker, the guru of management thinking these past thirty years. It says, - Chris Braiden - "Nothing is so useless as doing effi­ ciently that which need not be done at all". remember so well the little story Policing, as I see it today, is in great I believe policing is mired in the I I used to read to my two sons need of a few six-year olds who will common disease of all monopolistic when they were small. Perhaps you blow the whistle on some of the bureaucracies on the public dollar; we read the same one to your kids. It was senseless things we do. All of us, at are obsessed with efficiency, at the ex­ about a king who had a huge ego. He every level of the organization, do pense of effectiveness. Efficiency is already had the finest wardrobe in the things that are patently senseless yet doing things right, effectiveness is do­ kingdom (I think he was related to Im­ we continue to do them. I don't want ing the right things. Unfortunately, no elda Marcos) but like all ego-maniacs, to get into examples here because it amount of the former can replace the he was never satisfied. would take up the entire issue, but smallest amount of the latter. Two shysters knew about the king's surely no one can still believe that Let us learn something from this lit­ flaw and proceeded to sell him a very driving around in a police car for six tle girl. It's time for people through­ special new suit of clothes. The catch or seven hours a day serves any useful out policing to have the courage of was that only brilliant people could purpose. Surely no police manager their convictions. Learn from the see the material. Of course, the king still believes that policies and pro­ words of President Harry Truman saw the 'material' as did his advisors, cedures can give you quality work. who said, "Do what you can, where generals and ministers. you are, with what you have". Let us When the new suit was finally do our own bit. delivered (I still remember the picture Too many of us presume we are of a lion with nothing on but a crown not part of the problem, or the solu­ and red long-johns) the entourage tion . The truth is we are probably part fawned over the king and his in ­ of both. All of us have control over telligent choice of material. The king's someone and something; ourselves ego was so huge he decided to have and our work. I have tried to follow a parade through the kingdom to let Truman's advice and it has simplified the lesser sort share in his good for­ things greatly for me. tune. Of course the word had gone out about the uniqueness of the cloth and not wanting to be labeled a dum­ NEXT MONTH: my, of course everyone 'saw' the new A Personal View - Part 7 suit. A Bureaucratic Garage Sale Everything was hunkey-dorey as the king rode along to the chorus of cheers of such an intelligent audience Chris Brai den until he encountered a little six-year You cannot order up entbusiasm, old girl who said, in brilliant in­ imagination or creativity. Surely no ~~ nocence, "The king has no clothes one still believes that crime is a on". A hush fell over the parade. The separate entity from such things as Can you afford to miss child's mother, with reddened face, poverty, illiteracy, human misery or even one issue? turned to her friend and said, "She's that we can continue with the old line, Subscribe Now! right, the old bugger (my words) is "Don't make a family problem a Use your Visa !MasterCard naked". Of course then the cat was police problem". Surely no one can out of the bag. believe that the entire criminal justice Phone (416)294-4773 Fax (416)293-0526

14 March 1991 ---- Regina Vs. Dusang 1027-011 (13 pages) Waitress Victim of Entrapment

A Thunder Bay, Ontario, waitress has minutes later and said that the drugs to provide opportunities to people had her charge of trafficking in Co­ would cost $140.00 per gram. The of­ associated with the location to com­ caine dropped in a District Court ficer asked for two grams and paid the mit offences even if these people are ruling that stated the accused was a accused $280.00. She returned a not themselves under suspicion." victim of entrapment. short time later with two packets that The justice stated that the under District Court Justice L.c. Kozak were later found to be cocaine. cover officers activities did not fall ruled that the investigating officer was In staying the charges the Justice under this criteria. The justice stated not engaged in a bona fide investiga­ stated that the Crown had proven its for the investigation to be bona fide tion of the accused or the restaurant case beyond a reasonable doubt but the investigation would have to be when he purchased a quantity of co­ that the accused should have the commenced "in good faith and im­ caine from her. The court ruled that charges stayed due to police plies that it is an investigation with in effect the officer was on a "fishing entrapment. defined parameters based upon expedition" that included every bar Citing case law Mr. Justice Kozak reliable information in which a ... con­ and grill in the city of Thunder Bay. stated "In this case there was no nection is established between drug Evidence revealed that the under evidence to suggest that the accused sales and the individual or location cover officer was working on a pro­ was engaged in any criminal activity being investigated." ject that was investigating stolen (before this incident) and in particular In conclusion the Justice found that property and drug trafficking related the sale of drugs. She was not a the investigation of the waitress was to it in the Thunder Bay area. This targeted person who was under not as the result of a defined investiga­ project was code named "Operation reasonable suspicion as being a drug tion but the location and the accus­ Pilfer." trafficker." ed were picked out at random. The officer stated that he had The justice continued by saying, Much recent case law has sup­ spoken to the accused on four or five "Where the police are engaged in a ported this ruling. All cases reveal that occasions and on one of those occa­ bona fide investigation of a particular the police should not expect convic­ sions asked her where he could get location or area where it is reasonably tions while going on a "fishing expedi­ some "blow". The accused told the suspected that certain criminal activity tion" or by testing the virtues of officer to wait and returned about five is occurring, the police are permitted citizens at random.

Regina Vs. Dubois 1033-017 (12 Pages) Court rules prostitute was entrapped

A Calgary Provincial Court Judge In the operation the detective, officer had been an average citizen he recently ruled that a prostitute was a dressed in plain clothes and driving could have been arrested. "Indeed," victim of police entrapment and has an unmarked truck, approached a the judge added, "that which the tossed out the soliciting charge she suspected prostitute in a known red detective did forms the basis of many faced. light district of Calgary. The officer of­ charges laid against males who In the November decision the judge fered the prostitute $80.00 for sex and Similarly speak to female undercover stated that the investigating officer when she agreed he promptly ar­ officers involved in sting operations to presented himself as a willing and rested her. apprehend customers of prostitutes." enthusiastic customer. The judge add­ The judge ruled that although the The judge stated this was "a clear ed that "When one reviews the ac­ prostitute was guilty of soliciting she case in which the police were involv­ tions and the conversation, it becomes was entitled to a stay of proceedings ed not in the detection of the crime clear that it was the detective who set because "the average person" would but rather its manufacture." the scene, and did most of the action have been induced by the actions of in the little drama." the officer. The court added that if the

March 1991 15 ... news beat ... news beat ... news beat ...

Officer Cleared in ty for all police forces to have a Media Producers and Distributors copyright policy. Association of Canada released a "Off-Duty' , The civil action was commenced by statement that the settlement includ­ Shooting Incident Omega Films and Canadian Learn­ ed $100,000 in punitive damages this ing Company qf Scarborough and was denied by the York Region Police A Metropolitan Toronto Police officer Marlin Motion Pictures of Mississauga. Chief. has been cleared of any criminal The films were community based The three firms commenced the ac­ wrong-doing by the Ontario Special films on such subjects as crime tion in spite of the fact that the Chief Investigations Unit after he shot a prevention and safety. The Depart­ had apologized and had offered to Break and Enter suspect who ment had purchased these films buy all the films back. The companies threatened the officer with a knife. several years ago and another com­ declined the offer and decided to sue Last December Constable Gunnar pany had convinced them that the the Board of Commissioners instead. Kloetzig was in the vicinity of an at­ films could be transferred to video Part of the letter sent out to all tempted break in and observed a tape and they would therefore be Chiefs of Police stated that the York citizen chaSing the suspect into a easier to present. Region Chief now "recognizes the laneway. The officer went to the The president of Omega Films need for this department to have citizen's assistance and the suspect stated to a reporter that he had been specific policies in place to protect turned on the two men and attacked visiting a film lab when it was brought both our officers and copyright them with a knife. to his attention that they were copy­ holders from any copyright infringe­ Constable Kloetzig drew a non­ ing his films , sold to York Regional ment." The letter went on to say, "The issu 25 colt revolver and warned the Police, over to video tape. The copies force has therefore adopted specific suspect to come no closer. The were being made inspite of the fact measures in order to prevent copying susp ct continued to attack the officer that the label clearly indicated that this of this nature from occurring again." and the officer shot the suspect 5 type of activity was not legal. The Chief stressed the importance of times. The suspect underwent surgery Under the terms of the reported obtaining permission to copy tapes and was released 10 days later from settlement, brought down at the end and films even if the purpose of the hospital. of January, the police were to return production is for non-profit, non­ The Special Investigation Unit con­ all the duplicated copies to the com­ commercial or educational purposes. cluded that there were no reasonable panies for destroying and purchase grounds for criminal charges to be laid new ones. Although the Educational against Constable Kloetzig but Mr. John Osler, Director of the unit, strongly recommended that a police internal investigation be commenced regarding possible Police Services Act FLASHES by Tony Mac Kinnon breaches regarding the use of the non-issue revolver.

Police Rapped For Copying Films " Don't look The York Regional Police Force has now, but J think settled out of court for a reported we're about to $100,000 for illegally copying 16mm be DELEGATED on." films over to video tape. In addition the Chief of Police was required to write a letter to every Chief of Police in the Province explaining the necessi-

16 March 1991 ... news beat ... news beat ... news beat ...

front passenger seat. Mr. Rodriguez Father Charged made a left turn across the path of a What's News? With Daughter's car going the opposite direction and in the collision that ensued his Keep Canada's law enforcement com­ Death daughter received fatal head injuries munity informed . If you have from striking the dash board and something happening in your area A Florida man has been charged with pillar. that you feel should be shared with vehicular homicide after his daughter The prosecutors office stated that the law enforcement community died from head injuries sustained the charge was intended to send a across the country, or in your pro­ from not wearing a seat belt in a message that drivers should be held vince, let Blue Line Magazine know motor vehicle collision. responsible for the safety of children about it. Florida is one of 36 American who ride in their cars. If you have a local newspaper clip­ States that have mandatory seat bel1 Although this is only the second ping, a recent controversial topic or legislation . The Dade County State '~ time in the U.S. a person has been wish to write on a topic of your own Attorney stated that operating a cal charged under these circumstances chOice, feel free to send it to us. We involves more than driving, and tha1 prosecutor Kathleen Hoague stated, are also interested in significant failing to yield to oncoming traffic i ~ "It's not that this is the first instance changes in provincial statutes. one violation while failure to ensure in which a child has died or been You may mail material to us at 118 a child wears a seat belt compounds seriously injured in a car accident. But Main Street North, Markham, On­ the violation far more. given what we know about seat belts, tario, L3P 1Y1 or use our 24 hour Last August Ramiro Rodriguez was in this day and age it should be Editorial Fax Line at (416) 293-0526. driving his car while his 3-year-old criminal for a parent not to take Keeping us informed is keeping you p------.daughter sat in his wife's lap in the advantage of them." informed! The 1991 Canadian Police Officers Motorcycle Championships CANADA CUP Held in conjunction with FAST Motorcycle Training School, Shannon ville June 27th, 28th, 29th Shannonville Motorsport Park Shannonville, Ontario

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A Nova Scotia Court of Appeal deci­ the officer should have added to his tive of the manner in which blood sion last November determined that blood demand that the samples samples demanded under the subsec­ when officers are demanding blood would only be taken if a qualified tion must be obtained and therefore they must further advise the person medical doctor had said it could be a demand without reference to the from who it is demanded of the done at no risk to the person. Mr. clause is sufficient. As there was no methods to be employed and the Justice Matthews stated in his submis­ mention made of the conditions refer­ reasons that it is necessary. sions, "A person hearing the demand red to in subsection (4) , the demand This case involved a man who had given could not know of the was deficient." With that the case was b en involved in a single vehicle ac­ assurances set out in Sub. (4) . A de­ dismissed. cident near Antigonish. The police mand made in that form could lead A more suitable wording for a officer investigating the incident the person to believe that he or she demand for blood would be as attended at the hospital and was ad­ would be placed in the hands of a follows; "I demand that you permit vised by the driver that he had, technician to have blood withdrawn the taking of samples of your blood among other injuries, a sore jaw. The from his or her body in such quantity for the purposes of determining the officer determined that due to the jaw 'to determine the concentration, if concentration, if any, of alcohol in injury the driver would not be able to any, of alcohol' in the blood without your blood. Such samples will only be demand breath. He then read a de­ the safeguards of subsection (4) ." taken if a medical practitioner is mand for blood from a card and the He continued, "I do not agree with satisfied that the taking of those accused refused. the Crown's argument that the clause samples will not endanger your life or The case revolved around whether under consideration is simply descrip- health."

Taking photo of accused was charter breach

In a recent ruling an Alberta Provin­ and took a picture of the accused tion offences & without their per­ cial Court Judge has dismissed while he was still in the police car and mission violates a principle of charges because police took the ac­ before being released. Evidence fundamental justice ... " cused's photograph after his arrest revealed that the officers took the pic­ The court determined that the pic­ without permission on a summary ture so that the accused could be later ture was not taken for the purposes conviction offence. identified for court docket purposes. of the Identification of Criminals Act In the ruling Judge Allan Fradsham At trial the Crown produced the but rather simply to identify the ac­ ruled that the accused's section 7 photograph and attempted to tender cused in the docket. Since the Charter Right not to be deprived of it into evidence to show that the photograph was not used to depict a life, liberty, and security of the person accused was the person they had ar­ crime taking place they were not was breached by the officers. The of­ rested and released. Upon rejecting admissible for the purposes of iden­ fi cers had arrested the accused after the evidence Judge Fradsham stated, tification of a person after arrest on he struck up a conversation with an "since common law does not permit a summary conviction offence. undercover female police officer for fingerprinting of those accused of The judge concluded by adding, the purposes of obtaining sexual summary conviction offences (and I "There are many methods of iden­ services. take photographing to be equivalent tification open to the Crown­ After placing the accused under ar­ for these purposes to fingerprinting) , identification need not justify a viola­ rest on the Summary Conviction of­ I conclude that taking ... photographs tion of the Charter." fence one officer produced a camera of those accused of summary convic-

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M arch 1991 19 The Birth of Community-Based POlicing In Halifax A Time For Change

- Patrick J. McManus -

or some, community-based The chief proposed to scrap the old by CID, which meant it was con­ F policing (CBP) conjures up im­ diviSions, 11 for the whole city, sidered "garbage". Under the new ages of the friendly beat cop walking covered by four police platoons. In - CBP, the first on the scene, usually a down a tree-lined street. For Inspec­ stead, the jurisdiction would be cut in - zone constable, would become an in ­ tor AI Boudreau of the Halifax Police to three parallel zones. More than just vestigator, except in major cases like Department it's meant answering his a re-drawing of the map, each zone homicide and armed robbery. To en­ own phone. would have four permanently assign- sure CID was still up to date on street From his office in a former west end ed squads, each with between six to intelligence, the division would meet school, the zone commander jokes 25 men, and headed by a Sergeant with the zone Corporal, the squad's that now he even has to make his and Corporal. Zone Commanders of chief investigator, once a month. own coffee. Just a year before, as Inspector rank would exert overall senior officer in his department's control. Research and Resentment Criminal Investigation Division, he Differences were also instituted on With an enthusiastic nod from the ci­ had two secretaries to handle the the street, in the daily work of con- ty's Board of Police Commissioners, paperwork. stables. Assigned to squads, the con- an internal task group traveled the Yet on one morning alone in his stables would be generalists. The country to look at how other jurisdic­ new office, he fields three calls about sharpest change came in the area of tions attempted CBP. For the most Neighbourhood Watch and two investigation. In the past, a constable part, they found it was usually queries at the front door about an up­ would only become involved in a case piecemeal. Departments like Edmon­ coming bicycle rodeo. But Bourdreau if it was thrown back to the division ton had experimented with precinct isn't complaining. In fact, he likes his new work. "This is what community­ based policing is all about- more in ­ volvement with the community." Re-Drawing and Re-Thinking ix years ago the Halifax Police Department, the largest agency in Atlantic Canada outside of the RCMP, set about to change the very way it does its job. In December 1984, in ­ coming Police Chief Blair Jackson put forward a plan to re -organize his department. It was, as one veteran put it, "nothing short of drastic." Jackson wanted to take policing back to the community while at the same time address concerns for the average member who felt their job lacked pro­ per challenge.

20 March 1991 models, where officers were moved to parts of town separate from head­ quarters, in makeshift offices. Generally, what Halifax was propos­ ing had never been done on a wide scale before. Not surprisingly, the plan initially met with skepticism and mild resent­ ment. Police are normally a conser­ vative group, never really happy with change. What Jackson intended to do was radical. Some felt CBP was pie­ in -the-sky. Others, less generously, hinted the chief may have sold civic politicians the plan to ensure his pro­ motion. But still others who knew Jackson in his 27 years on the force said he'd carried the CBP plan around long before he even thought of becoming chief. And like most in the Dartmouth Fblice Station department, he knew the time for change was long overdue. community relations. NCOs received there is the added satisfaction of be­ In a study by Dalhousie University an additional week for training in ing a part of the process. sociologist Donald Clairmont, many management practices. in the ranks complained the old HPD After a year in operation, Alpha From Planning to Implementation was more "military than the military." was rated an unqualified success. Rotating on fo ur over-lapping The perceived image of the depart­ Constables expressed greater satisfac­ 12-hour shifts,-the squads start their ment was of a foreboding, red brick tion with their jobs. And the public: day at the main station for a general "fortress on the hill", alluding to the were pleased with the heightened briefing. After that, squad members main police station which sits in the visibility of police on the streets. meet on their own to draft work shadow of the 19th century Citadel Hill As Alpha's first and still serving schedules. Martin says this could take fort, a prominent Halifax landmark. zone commander, Insp. Don Clairmont, through interviews, col­ Boudreau remains enthusiastic about lected stories of petty discipline meted CBP. "They allowed us to attack the out for such minor infractions as walk­ problem at the grassroots level and I ing into the station without a cap on. think it's working." Plummeting morale was a mitigating From his office in the Spryfield factor in the 1982 strike which lasted Community Center, Boudreau meets 54 days, a Canadian record. people who "wouldn't dare walk in ­ to the police station downtown." Implementation Children come in with stories of pro­ Despite grumblings, the CBP plan, blems at home, often alluding to them when finally unveiled in 1985 found in the third person. "Here we're ap­ an overwhelming number of sup­ proachable," said Boudreau, porters. The first phase of the plan, estimating more than a hundred peo­ Halifax mainland was designated the ple a month stop by the office, often first zone, Alpha. The recruit call for just to chat. the zone was overwhelming. For 52 For Alpha's community relations of­ positions available, more than 80 per­ ficer, Cst. Gary Martin, the reward is sonnel applied, from a force of 265. in meeting people and winning trust. The constables went through four "They like it when they can put a weeks of training at a local name to the face, " says Martin, who Cst. Martin Coyte (teft) and Cst. Bob Small university- brushing up on in ­ sits on the board of 17 community outside Charlie Zone's storefront head­ vestigative techniques and learning associations. And for the rank and file, quarters on Gottigen St., bringing policing closer to the community.

March 1991 21 --~~~~------place "at three o'clock in the morn­ The Real Pay-Off ing over a cup of coffee in a motel lob­ ty. "Most of the people here used to Although crime is down marginally, by." only see the police with our lights Legge feels it was "displaced more Workloads are divided evenly so flashing, like when we came to break than reduced" by the visible police the burden is spread out. For instance, up a fight." Now police are in the presence. The zone commander if one constable wanted to stake out schools, at the community centers, thinks CBP's pay-off in Charlie is an a certain neighbourhood because of and walking the beat. "We're the on­ improved rapport with the communi- ly zone that does foot patrol," said a rash of break-ins, other members Legge. And given the range of crimes could cover for him . (the commander prefers to think of it But despite the early successes with as "diversity"), "this is the place for the Alpha, CBP still had to be sold to the rookie constable to get seasoned." whole department. The real test of Chief Vince MacDonald, Jackson's CBP, observers maintained, would be successor who was promoted to the when zoning came to the more post last December, counts himself as troublesome downtown area. among the early supporters of the Expanding the Program plan. He notes that it still has another four years before implementation is During 19 6 and 1987 Halifax was considered completed. "And I plan to split down the middle into two be here until then, .. .. and I plan to zones- Bravo and Charlie. The see it work." d marcation line was Robie Street, which runs down the center of the peninsula. Charlie, the last on line in April 19 7, was considered the t. Bob mall (left) and Cst. Marti n oy le toughest case. walk the beat in Char lie Zone along Situated along the harbourfront, Gotti ngen t. Beat duty returns to city with commu n i ty-based policing. Charlie is home to some of Halifax's poorest neighbourhoods. Its U~iake quare, just seven blocks west of the police station, is the scene of the ci­ ty's growing drug problem. As well, Native Self-Policing Initiatives Supported the downtown core, with its high con­ centration of popular bars, brings in Ontario's Solicitor General stated in a Narrows First Nation Territory that a a large number of liquor related of­ January visit to the Grassy Narrows police governing authority will be fences, especially on Friday and First Nations Territory that he fully established to determine the policing Saturday nights. supports self-poliCing by First Nations objectives and to assign law enforce­ Charlie Zone averages 45 to 50 per peoples. Residents were told that the ment responsibilities in their com­ cent of all calls for service received by issue was an important aspect of munity." the department. This fact is reflected aboriginal self-government. While in Grassy Narrows, the in its level of manpower. On its roster, Ontario Solicitor General Mike Far­ Solicitor General also took advantage Charlie has 95 personnel, compared nan met with Acting Chief of Police of the opportunity to meet with to 45 for Alpha and 38 for Bravo. John Fobister and shared policing members of the Crisis Intervention Charlie Zone Commander Insp. Gor­ concerns of the area. The Ministry of Unit who provide assistance when die Legge, who grew up in the area, the Solicitor General, in conjunction traditional health and community and said introducing "uptown" to CBP with the federal government, is also social services may not be able to res­ was at first met with strong misgivings. negotiating with the Nishnawbe-Aski pond to requests to help during the Local reSidents, especially Halifax's Nation to establish a Police Commis­ night. Program teams deal with black community, didn't always see sion and police service. alcohol, drug and solvent abuse, the police in a favourable light. But "As one of the 76 communities to depressed youth and adults; medical setting up a storefront office on Got­ participate in the Ontario First Nations emergencies; abandoned or lost tigen t., across from a corner where Policing Agreement," said Mr. Farnan, children; and vandalism and other dealers once sold drugs openly, has "the Ministry of the Solicitor General destructive behaviour. had an ameliorating effect. is encouraged by the leaders of Grassy

22 March 1991 ----- Ontario Police Differ on Application of New Act - Thomas Vares -

ntario's new Municipal Freedom are on public record for "business as since the inception of the Provincial Oof Information and Protection of usual", York Region Police have initial­ Act." Privacy Act took effect January 1, ly stopped releasing victims names, In the release of such information, 1991 and changed the way some while the Ontario Provincial Police are the OPP indicated that case by case police release crime reports. continuing to release information. decisions have been and will continue In a controversial move Toronto In December, 1990, the Policing to be made so "both the privacy of in­ area media became incensed with the Services Division, Ministry of the dividuals and the public's legitimate Metro Toronto Police when they Solicitor General distributed to On­ right to information may be began the year by refusing to give the tario police, guidelines for releasing respected." media the names of any victims or the personal information, on behalf of the Interpretation of the act continues location of the incidents in the city. Ontario Association of Chiefs of to change daily and from municipali­ Police were concerned that the loca­ Police. ty to municipality. However, Ontario tion could give away the victim's iden­ These gUidelines were developed Solicitor General Mike Farnan has in­ tity if the media began asking ques­ by a committee including represen­ dicated his office is monitoring the tions of area residents. When ques­ tatives from the Ontario Association situation closely and is prepared to tioned the Chief of Police stated that of Chiefs of Police, the ministries of work with police in its initial he was not happy with the rule but the Solicitor General and Attorney application. stated that he would have to abide by General, Management Board of the guidelines. Cabinet and the Privacy Commis­ As a result Ontario-wide media has sioner's Office. "HEADS-UP-TICKETING" been rife with reports about some These guidelines recommend police forces refusing to release the "there is a strong privacy interest in names and personal information of personal information about a victim crime victims, respecting the privacy so that generally this information provision. Other police agencies have should not be released." indicated they will continue to release "The guidelines are just that information as usual. (guidelines) , and are not deter­ • Forces officers to keep head up while Ontario's Freedom of Information minative of the question of release in writing tickets and Protection of Privacy Act was any particular case. The general in­ • Raises officers field of vision enacted in 1987 by the Peterson tent of the gUidelines (and of the • Keep violators documents in plain view Liberal Government. Its application at legislation) is to balance the need to the municipal level, affecting the way protect the privacy of the individual • Great reminder to return documents municipalities and local boards, com­ against the public's right to gain ac­ • Keep notes in view missions and utilities do business, has cess to information held by govern­ "Not only enhances my personal safety, not been tested. However, its recent ment institutions." but keeps me aware of the environment interpretation by police in the new For the Ontario Provincial Police, around me." - Cam Woolley, Ontario Provincial Police year has stirred controversy. little has changed with the act becom­ The legislation guarantees public ing law. Since January 1, 1988, the "Should be In all police cars, great tool." access to information held by govern­ OPP had already been operating - Joe Quirk, Traffic Sgt., York Regional Police ment institutions-including police­ under the provisions of the Act and protects the privacy of citizens by H.U.T. "HEADS-UP TICKETING" without any significant problems. In "Less Expensive than a Headlight" restricting access to certain informa­ a news release issued January 4th, '.1. Pend II'lQ tion, upon which the release may the OPP stated, "While the policy of infringe on a person's right to privacy. the OPP in this area, as in other areas, P.E.L.T. tfJ Metro Toronto Police have in ­ is under constant review, it is the cur­ INDUSTRIES INC. dicated they will treat each case on (613) 726·9230 , rent intention of the OPP to continue (800) 735·8462 its individual merits. In the greater to release timely and relevant infor­ FAX (613) 745·8188 Toronto area, Halton Region Police mation in the same manner as it has

March 1991 23 Part 1 Police or Political Control - Connie Boyden -

This critique was prepared in August last forces, police pursuits and political laws; police enforce the laws based on y ar by Connie Boyden for the Toronto activities." their discretionary powers; and the based gro up "Concerned Citizens for Some of the other areas covered, courts determine innocence, or guilt, Order, Peace and Security (C.c.o.PS.) It in addition to those mentioned above, with corresponding sentences hand­ highlights potential problems with Bill are employment equity, use of force, ed down for criminal activities. A con­ 107: the Ontario Police Services Act. This all aspects of training and promotion cern with the new Police Services Act i the first of a two part series on the topic. procedures, oaths of office, and a is that it has a built-in potential for pro­ Oppo ing opinions are welcom e. review of police conduct by virtue of ducing a police state some time in the ft er some 40 years, the old the Public Complaints Commission, future where unethical political leaders A Ontario Police Act has been or Special Investigative Unit. In reali­ use the police to further their own replaced to take into account current ty this means that the Premier and the ends. social realities. One purpose of this Cabin~t Ministers, by virtue of the critique is to consider potential pro­ Order in Council, make all regulations Concerns About blems that could arise in future years for the police outlined by Section 135, Employment Equity if extreme political/social attitudes without necessarily consulting other A more specific concern is about the volved and individuals aspire to gain members of the legislature or police manner in which employment equi­ total political power. Another purpose agencies. ty is handled by the Act. Employment is to consider problem areas of a While the Order in Council has equity and racial representation are psychological nature which will likely been used in the prior Police Act to indeed desirable objectives for police influ nce the implementation of suc­ establish such things as the Code of forces to strive to achieve because cessful employee equity programs Offences to deal with misconduct and they are the fair and just way to deal and/ or hurt the standards of police use of firearms, the broad, sweeping with people in general. However, us­ service and protection now taken for powers now given to such a small ing the Order in Council to produce granted. Finally, the critique outlines group of elected officials is not ad­ regulations (Section 135 (10) & (11) ) concerns related to the expanded visable and even potentially which prescribe "groups of persons for Public Complaint Commission and dangerous in years to come. the purpose of subsection 48(1) the newly formed Special In ­ First of all , in our multi-cultural, (employment equity plans)" and vestigative Unit. diverse society it is difficult to repre­ "matters to be contained in the Although the cost of analysis to im­ sent the wide variety of public opinion employment equity plans" is threaten­ plement certain aspects of this Act will on such sensitive and emotional ing. This is especially true when com­ obviously be important to the tax­ topics as " making society fair bined with section 23(2) "sanctions for paying public, it will not be discussed regardless of race, creed or sex", failure to comply with requirements herein as programs have not yet been "balancing the rights of criminals vs. respecting employment equity plans". clarified by the regulations outlined by victims", or "proving who can the It is psychologically threatening ecti on 135 of Bill 107. Dollar value average citizen trust - the police of­ because some of the explicit and im ­ has only been mention as related to ficer or the politician?". plicit expectations made of the Chiefs the Public Complaints Commission Secondly, lobby groups (some with of Police and the Police Commissions which has been operating exclusive­ narrow, self-serving agendas) are a by the new Police Services Act are not ly in the Toronto area, but will now political reality. Therefore, if the within the power of these people to pply province-wide. "squeaky wheel gets the grease" control. Consequently, they should theory has merit, it should be a con­ not be held accountable for meeting Concerns About Expanded cern to everyone that the police may certain objectives and timetables that Regualtion-Making Powers become agencies of political expe­ Bill 107 necessitates. This type of An overriding concern about Bill 107 diency, instead of agencies of impar­ management has damaging effects on is "the regulation-making powers of tial action. employees at any level of responsibili ­ the lieutenant Governor in Council It is a scenario that is a far cry from ty. Therefore, management by objec­ are expanded to cover such subjects the concept which has checks and tives (MBO) would not use this as standards of police services, the ad­ balances built in where politicians, as strategy to achieve desired results. ministration and operation of police representatives of the people, make To explain further, it is reasonable.

24 Marc h 1991 .------_.. _-

to demand the Chief of Police and the defence is only as good as the ability pressure put upon them to perform Board of Commissioners meet the re­ of those listening to the defence to just to prove that advancement is bas­ quirements of section 48 relating to suspend personal beliefs, biases and ed on ability, not some other factor. the "elimination of systemic barriers" prejudices, then to decide just what Unless it is made very clear that any for the recruiting and promoting pro­ is reasonable and under what cir­ competition for promotion is on the cedures used in police forces (i.e. by cumstances (i.e. budgetary restraints, basis of abilities that anyone can ac­ establishing specific goals and staff turnover, etc.). quire, and not on race, creed or sex, timetables). It is within their power to It should be understandable, true respect of self and respect of make the system fair for all individuals therefore, that with this much pressure others will not necessarily follow a aspiring to have a police career. Fur­ to meet hiring and promoting re­ "fast tracker's" career path. thermore, they must vigorously at­ quirements, the implicit message Unfortunately, the well intended tempt to recruit members of target becomes "MEET QUOTAS... OR employment equity section, with the groups to make police forces more ELSE". corresponding regulations may create representative of their community by Obviously with this mindset, bigger problems than the ones they means of advertising, educating target borderline individuals from target are trying to solve. The attempt in the groups, and working with the com­ groups may move into the police Police Services Act to socially munity at large to improve the police organization and eventually take com­ engineer police organizations is image. Those groups desiring mand positions, while competent, potentially very destructive to an ex­ representation must also share the non-targeted persons are prematurely tremely important element of social responsibility for achieving this plateaued. The effect of the implicit order. Therefore, wording which sug­ desirable end. message on police morale would gests favoritism , and gives rise to the However, it is not the responsibili­ naturally be devastating. In addition, perception of reverse discrimination, ty of the Chief of Police nor the Board it should be obvious that this practice should be amended to take into of Commissioners to develop a "quali­ will cause the deterioration of police account the psychological issues ty applicant." This responsibility service to the public. The experiences raised herein .• belongs to the individual and the of the American police forces trying group of which he/ she is a member. to achieve employment equity should It is also the community at large who be duly noted. To ensure our ex­ NEXT MONTH: must assume some responsibility for perience does not mirror their failings, Part 2 - Under The Microscope making the police career less than responsibility needs to be properly Concerns about scrutinizing police attractive. Unsavory demands and allocated, which is not the case with actions conflicting expectations placed on Bill 107. police officers cause parents to shud­ From the standpOint of the compe­ der when a son or daughter an­ tent individual from target groups who nounces the intention to become a genuinely wants a rewarding police police officer. career, it ought to be considered an Guest Writer Fear tactics are not the best way to insult to get promotions because of achieve behaviour change or to race, creed or sex instead of ability Connie Boyden completed a Master's manage people. Furthermore, good and competence. The Chief of Police program in Counseling-Applied managers do not sanction (unless must "level the playing field", so to Psychology, at the Ontario Institute for looking for a scapegoat) someone for speak, by eliminating systemic barriers Studies in Education (University of failing to meet objectives that are not to advancement, but the individual Toronto) . Her areas of interest are within the control of that person to needs to do the rest to experience the family counseling and substance produce results. personal satisfaction competence abuse, particularly related to the The Police Services Act incor­ brings. police community. She has written porates a defence against suspension There are two negative aspects of major research studies and papers on of the Chief of Police or Board of fast tracking that seem to be overlook­ police officer's distress. She has also Commission members (section 23(4) ) ed. First, good managers must have written articles on "The Police Fami­ which put the onus on these in­ the respect of those they supervise. ly", and "Policewomen" as well as field dividuals to prove they have "made Subordinates need to believe their research on the major sources of reasonable efforts" to meet regulation superiors are qualified and ap­ stress in the police occupation. Her requirements for recruitment and pro­ proachable. Second, groups who are Master's research focused on the at­ motion of target groups. Most lawyers "singled out" by politicians for special titudes, perceptions and experience of would probably agree that this status will likely have much more police officers related to current issues.

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26 March 1991 June 17-21, 1991 tions. The symposium gathers represen­ 1991 CALENDAR OF Ontario Association Of tatives from around the world and includes Chiefs Of Police demonstrations, seminars and a trade show. UP-COMING EVENTS Sudbury, Ontario Further details will be given in future issues. The Sudbury Regional Police Force will be Contact: Rick Rozoski at (416) 575-1434. May 1-3, 1991 host to the Ontario Association of Chiefs of "The Qualified Applicant - Police annual convention. For further details September 23-26, 1991 The 90's Challenge" contact Sgt. O'Brian at (705) 675-9171 Profile 2000 Calgary, Alberta Ex.284 or 285. Toronto, Ontario The Calgary Police Service will host the The Metropolitan Toronto Police Sexual Canadian Recruiter's Conference in Calgary, June 24-27, 1991 Assault Squad will present a four day sex Alberta. Topics of discussion will include Violence & Aggression crimes seminar. The seminar will be held at employment equity recruiting, setting stan­ Saskatoon, Saskatchewan the Metropolitan Toronto Police Head­ dards for recruiting, and removing the bias Correctional Service Canada and the quarters Auditorium. Several key-note from the selection procedures. Organizers University of Saskatchewan will be presen­ speakers and international experts in the will be accepting further proposals for the ting the third annual symposium on field are to be featured. Further information seminar up to March 1st, 1991. For further Violence & Aggression. For further informa­ to be announced in upcoming issues. For information and details contact S/Sgt. S. tion contact (306) 966-5539. further details and registration information, lieskovsky at (403) 268-8481 or FAX (403) contact Det. Wendy Leaver at (416) 268-4515. June 27-29, 1991 324-6060 or FAX (416) 324-0697. Canada Cup Race Series May 6-9, 1991 Shannonville, Ontario September 25-30, 1991 "Sexual Abuse Development 1991 World Championship Dynamics & Profiles" The Canadian Police Officers Motorcycle Police Motorsport Prince Albert, Saskatchewan Championships will be holding their annual Paris, France Canada Cup Motorcycle Races at the Shan­ The Prince Albert City Police Department nonville Raceway, just east of Belleville, On­ The Canadian Police Officers Motorcycle will be sponsoring a four day seminar on tario. This annual event is held in conjunc­ Team will be sending a 20 member delega­ "Sexual Abuse Development Dynamics & tion with FAST Motorcycle Training School. tion to this international event. Other officers Profiles." This four day seminar will involve For further information about the race and may attend at their own expense if they wish several speakers including consultants Peter lodgings contact Dave Stewart at (416) to have a memorable vacation. This can also M. Welsh and Brent W. Warberg. Topics will 831-2013 or John Fournier at (416) include some practice races with the Cana­ include understanding the development of 831-8208. dian Team at Circuit Carole near Paris. The juvenile sexual offenders and the issues in official carrier for the event is Air Canada treating both the offender and the victim. August 25-30, 1991 and the Canadian participants will be leav­ Registration is $175.00 for three days or Canadian Association Of ing from Toronto on September 22nd. For $50.00 for a single day. This seminar is Chiefs Of Police further information contact John Fournier limited to 200 persons. For further informa­ London, Ontario (416) 831-8208 or Dave Stewart at (416) tion contact: Chief of Police, Prince Albert 831-2013. City Police Department, 45-15th Street The London Police Force will host the Cana­ West, Prince Albert, Saskatchewan S6V dian Association of Chiefs of Police 86th October 21-23, 1991 3P4. Phone (306) 922-4441. ' annual convention. For further details call Institute For The Prevention Supt. Elgin Austin at (519) 661-5677 or Of Child Abuse May 12, 1991 FAX (519) 438-7230. Toronto, Ontario Criminal Incident Communication Seminar August 30 - September I, 1991 The 9th Annual Conference of the Brandon, Manitoba Canadian National Police Institute for the Prevention of Child Abuse Combat Championships will be held in Toronto, Ontario. Further The Brandon City Police will host a one day Winnipeg, Manitoba details to be announced in upcoming issues. seminar on Critical Incident Communica­ The Winnipeg Police Revolver Club will be tion. This seminar is about communications November 25-28, 1991 host to this annual event that will be held and how its effective use can enhance of­ Canadian Organization Of ficer safety. It will be of benefit to both at the Winnipeg Police Firearms Training Victim Assistance Facility. This event will have over $15,000 officers and dispatchers. For further inform­ Victoria, British Columbia ation contact: Constable Marc Alain at worth of prizes. This event is limited to 300 (204) 725-2340 pre-registered entrants only. For further in­ The Victoria Police Service will be presen­ formation contact: Barry Chikowski, 71 ting the Canadian Organization of Victim J une 10-14, 1991 Manorview Close, Winnipeg, Manitobe, R2P Assistance seminar. For further details con­ tact the Victoria Police Service. Uniformed Safety Education OB4 or phone (204) 633-3504. Officer Workshop Mississauga, Ontario September 12-13, 1991 The "Calendar of Up-coming Events" is International Police Diver Symposium The annual Uniformed Safety Education Of­ a free service to the law enforcement com­ ficer Workshop will be held at the Stage West Burlington, Ontario munity. For inclusion in this column we Hotel in Mississauga and sponsored by the This event will be held at the Canada Cen­ must have at least two months advance Ontario Provincial Police. For further infor­ tre for Inland Waters in Burlington. The notice. It may be faster to FAX so feel free mation and details contact Sgt. Tim Cooper event is presented annually and is supported to use our 24 hour Editorial FAX line - (416) 965-4400. by several local police agencies and associa- (416) 293-0526.

March 1991 27 p R o D u c T • N E w

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nounced that it has commenced a to be simple and only takes a minute Secure Your Fax joint marketing venture with TRW because it connects onto existing Transmission Electronic Products from San Luis telephone module jacks. Obispo, California for the distribution The TRW Fax Encryptor is design­ in Canada of a FAX Encryptor that ed to be user friendly and once the The same technology that makes scrambles facsimile traffic. ID list has been programmed into the facsimile possible also makes fax With the TRW Fax Encryptor, it is Fax Encryptor, the unit is transparent intercept possible. Increasingly, infor­ reported that users can protect sen­ to the user. The suggested retail price mation is improperly obtained, shared sitive text and image, fax traffic. The of the unit is $2,995. For further and exploited every day. Some infor­ unit is compatible with all Group 3 information contact John Wenek mation is too important to risk ex­ facsimile machines. Ricoh reports that at (613) 739-9900 or FAX (6 13) posure to wire tap and fax intercept there is no need to purchase addi­ 739-3540. Ricoh Canada Ltd., 2245 equipment. tional interface circuits or specialized St.Laurent Blvd ., Ottawa, OntariO, Ricoh Canada Ltd. recently an- fax machines. Installation is reported K1G 4K3.

28 March 1991 p R o D u c T • N E w

HIGH-TECH SECURITY FOR COMPUTERS The addition of a hardware add-on from Britain enables users of MS­ DOS type computers (IBM PC, PS/ 2, etc.) to protect their machines against unauthorized use or tampering. The PC Guardian, from Nighthawk Electronics, can be configured to permit different degrees of access appropriate to individual users. The device includes a magnetic­ card reader which is attached to the keyboard and shares the computer's serial port. Other equipment using the serial port is not affected in any way. Five credit-card-style cards are sup­ plied which, when fed through the card reader, control access to the the manager card. By ensuring that a Canadian distributor of this product. computer. Optionally, as a further only identified disks are accessed, the Enquiries may be made to; Night­ security precaution, users may be re­ computer system is kept free from hawk Electronics Ltd., po. Box 44, quired to enter a personal identity viruses. This also ensures that users Saffron Walden, Essex, England, code. do not waste time playing games CBll 3ND. Contact person is Ms. The system can also restrict use of brought into the office on floppy disks. Valerie Langmaid. Phone +44 799 the floppy-disk drives to the holder of The company is presently seeking 40881 or FAX +44 799 41713. Company Introduces A One Arm Opener A.J. Prugar Enterprises of Quebec recently announced a device that at­ taches to the blade of any lock-back knife that permits the blade to be opened with one hand. Everybody has experienced the dif­ ficulty of opening a lockback knife. Broken fingernails and wounded fingers are some of the final results. face and constructed ot stainless steel. leverage and comfort. When this "One Arm Opener" is plac­ The device is attached to the heel of The attachment retails at $4.95 ed on your knife the company states the jackknife with an allen head set plus $2.00 for shipping and handling. that you can open it using only one screw. It is fully adjustable, offering For further information contact A.J. finger. complete freedom in selecting the Prugar Enterprises, 20 Ferncrest St., The new attachment is deep knurl­ mounting location, that gives the best Dollard Des Ormeaux, Quebec, H9H ed to provide a positive gripping sur- combination of opening speed, 1Z8 or phone 626-6078.

March 1991 29 Du Pont Has a Pretty Wearing Personal NEWKEVLAR Thin Argument for Body Armor •••

129 More Comfort ••• Same Protection We've heard your arguments: " Body Armor is heavy," " It's hot," " It's stiff," "It's bulky." Now h ear ours: New KEVLAR"129 is a major break­ through in body armor comfort. Vests can now be made 15 to 25 % thinner and 10 to 20% lighter. KEVLAR"129 is also softer and more flexible, allowing body armor to bend and twist more freely. It moves with you. What's more, there is NO loss in ballistic protection. KEVLAR"129 is 15 % stronger than KEVLAR"29 - a 65,000 p .s.i. increase in tensile strength. This means that a lighter, thinner vest of KEVLAR"129 can offer the same level of protection as its heavier, bulkier KEVLAR"29 predeces­ sor. The big difference is that you stay comfortable. We both know that body armor can save lives. We think it's worth a little argument to save yours. New KEVLAR"129 is available right now. To get more informa­ tion about this major break­ through in body armor comfort, call Du Pont at: 416-821-5601. New KEVLAR"129 ... Today's most ad­ vanced technology for personal body armor. Accept no substitutes. KEV LAR is a Du Po nt registered trademark fo r its acamid fiber. Du Po nt does nOl make ballistic fabrics o r garments.

Uncommon Problems. Uncommon Solutions. KEVLAR from Du Pont. <®P08» CANA DA BMW SPELLS SAFETY ON THE JOB IN JUST THREE LmERS: ABS

Most motorcycle manufacturers put their engineering skill to work getting you going. At BMW we put our best minds to work getting you stopped. Safely. Anti-lock braking systems (ABS) have been used for years on aircraft and high performance cars. Now, BMW has integrated this state of the art technology into our motorcycles, including the K100LT Police model. HOW IT WORKS The ABS system uses an on board computer to monitor front and rear wheel brakes. When ABS senses the brakes are about to lock, it reduces pressure in the wheel brake cylinder up to 7 times a second, and continues to do so until the risk of lock-up has been eliminated.

The BMW K100LT: The police motorcycle incorporates the ABS system designed to give the officer more control in any road conditions, from dry pavement to rain, sleet, sand or oil patches.

Front and rear toothed sensors are constantly monitored by an electronic control unit to determine when intervention by ABS is necessary. BMW's System Helmet II : a unique front­ The outrigger-equipped motorcycle, without opening design ideal for police use. ABS, has locked up the wheels and lost From the officer's perspective, the stability during hard braking on wet pavement (right) . The ABS-equipped Dike remains upright only change in sensation is an I and controllable under the same conditions incredible increase in straight line (left) . stopping ability. Even applying full brakes in an emergency straight line stop, full control of the motorcycle can WE HAVE WHAT Contact Tony Fletcher at BMW be maintained. Canada Inc., 920 Champlain Court, BMW motorcycles are in active use YOU NEED Whitby Ontario L 1 N 6K9 or call by police departments in 100 countries TO GET HOME SAFELY (416) 683-1200. around the world. We know what you ' re facing on the streets in BMW Police motorcycles and congested traffic areas, and what equipment are designed to meet the unexpected demands are put on you challenges you face on the job. The and your machine. BMW System Helmet II has been On rain-slick city streets, BMW can positively accepted by major Canadian RESPONSIBILITY provide that additional edge. And in police forces. BMW protective suits, MEANS NO normal traffic conditions, ABS will give cold weather and rainwear all meet you the confidence to stop the toughest on the job challenges. COMPROMISE consistently in the shortest possible Your job is tough enough. BMW distance. wants to help you make it a bit safer.