DOCSLIB.ORG

Evolution and Ecology of the Cathaysia Flora Sun Keqin & Shaila Chandra

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Evolution and Ecology of the Cathaysia Flora Sun Keqin & Shaila Chandra Evolution and Ecology of the Cathaysia flora Sun Keqin & Shaila Chandra Sun Keqin & Chandra S 1998. Evolution and ecology of the Cathaysia flora. Palaeobot.anist 47 : 20-28. The Cathaysia flora, one of four famous floras of Late Carboniferous and Permian periods in the world, is mainly distributed in Asia, such as China, Korea, Japan, Laos, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, etc. China is one of the most important country for the Cathaysia flora, which derived from the identical Lepidodendropsis flora of the Early Carboniferous on a global scale. From the beginning of the Namurian A, the Cathaysia flora gradually separated from the global Lepidodendropsis flora and it could be recognized as an independent flora in the early Late Carboniferous (Namurian B to C). According to the succession of the Cathaysia flora of different geological ages, the flora may be divided into seven fossil-plant assemblages from early Late Carboniferous to late Late Permian so as to reflect the characteristics of floral evolutionary stages. From the early Late Carboniferous to the early Late Permian, the typical elements of the Cathaysia flora gradually increased. The Cathaysia flora ranged from the beginning of the early Late Carboniferous to the end of the Permian in age. The most obvious changes of dry climate and tectonic movement caused the extinction of the Cathaysia flora by the end of the Late Permian. The Cathaysian floral province, located in the equatorial region under tropical climatic condition during the Carboniferous and Permian, was characterized by lycopods, ferns, pteridosperms, sphenopsids and cordaitean gymnosperms. The vertical structure of floral communities included arbores, tree ferns, shrubs and herbs. Kay- Words - Cathaysia flora, Carboniferous, Permian, Evolution, Palaeoecology. Sun Keqin, China University o/Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China. Shaila Chandra, Bi,.bal Sahni Institute 0/Palaeobotany, 53, University Road, Lucknow 226 007, India. "ffiXi~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ftnn <H fqRl \jj Id q>[ q<:jf ... ,. FI\ ILl ~ <), fcl>'f 10i ~ <R;I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1(CP~. ~ <li~ q'ifGff1\i1lt1 CfiI<n·'''Iq,'fl10i TJ <),<rR q'ifGff1\imri -q vn - ~ ~-qqp:n\ilTffi ~ ~<li~ <),~~~ ~ ~."Cfi'Iftm."VfI"ln"'i. ~3lRl.~. *o:sl:1~IIOlI. I q'ifGff1\i1tt'1 ~ ~"ViR ~~ ~ '0'lFG:sH~d:~ifl' ~ ~"§3lT -q 1(CP~. ~"I:l"t: Cfil<n·-?Jq,'fl TJ -q mMrfi1Cfi"ffi"'( qx <), q'ifGff1\i1It'1 ~ ~ ~ ~wn ~ ~ ~ ~ I TJ <), 31W+l -q "I:l"t: q'i{qff1\i1It'1 1(CP Q'ifGff1\i1It'1 '01 FG:S];g"!?1 [qjfl' iJ 7T<n 3lR \3"m ~ ,~ <li~ CfiI6l1'1~q,Hi TJ (~<fI ~ ~"ffCfi) -q 1(CP ~~ Q'ifGff1\i1It'1 <), "'<"iQ -q ~ .:wRt ffiffi q;"'( c:f\ I q'i,;qff1\i1It'1 mifi1Cfi\mR"CfiTiil~TJ<),~~~TJ<),3R1"ffCfi>ll"'{f-gm'g I Fctfi1;:;'l~-goTI<)'<li~ Q'ifGff1\i1it'11 "Cfil3lUl<r'l~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ qx R \mR CfiI6l1;:f1q"fl TJ mifi1Cfi \mR TJ <), 'lU1 me'! -q FcPrcffi fcl>m 7T<n. ffifc(; q'i,;qff1\i1It1 ~ <li~ ~ ~ ~ \mR"CfiTiil~ ~ ~ <f; fctcm!<),Fctfi1;:;'l3l11ffiar:rfi q;) ~~ <iT! ~ fcl>m"\ifl I \mR TJ"ffCfi ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ q'ifGff1\i11t'11 <), fclftr1'e mm M I TJ <), WW<f N:1 qx -q 3lT"ViR ('1m -q ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ N:1 \llTl fclftr1'e qftq*fi <), "CfiRUlZl Q'ifGff1\i1It'1 fcl<:r<l iJ I CfiI6l1;:f1q,,'(i -goTI <), e1::I <), ~ ~'iI~t'1<fJRitlOll ~ ~C'lar:rfi"Cfil wil'ilfq1~~1 \jtlllCfi[eil4l<:l -q <li0tmn q'i'<'4ff1\i1 1<11 <1 1* Cfi1 41 '5. quri-Tj (tA). eR:s1M\. ('1m ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ l:lT'l3l11ffiffitlm fcl>m 7T<n ~ I q'i,;qff1\i1ld \WI <), 3Rf1ffi 'lefn:l. 'lei quri-Tj (tA). "T*l10i mq; I THE term Cathaysia flora was proposed by Halle Palaeozoic flora of Cathaysia. (1935) and it was the name used on Grabau's The Cathaysia flora is one of the most famous palaeogeographical maps for the Palaeozoic land-mass floras of the Carboniferous and the Permian in the in East Asia. Halle gave the term Cathaysia flora for world, which is mainly distributed in present-day the entire Carboniferous and Permian plant China, Korea, Japan, Laos, Thailand, Indonesia and succe~sions in East Asia. Previously, the Cathaysia Malaysia. It is characterized by the genera flora could also be considered as the Gigantopteris Cathaysiodendron, Lobatannularia, Tingia, Yuania, flora. According to Halle, the Cathaysia flora is not Conchophyllum, Rajahia, Fascipteris, Emplectopteris, synonymous with the Gigantopteris flora, because the Empleetopteridium, Cathaysiopteris, Gigantopteris, latter corresponds to only the last phase of the Gigantonoclea, Ot%lium and a considerable number KEQIN & CHANDRA-EVOLUTION AND ECOLOGY OF THE CATHAYSIA FLORA 21 of endemic species, namely, Lepidodendron oculusfelis, fructiferous organ genera, including Peetinangium, L. posthumii, L. szeianum, SphenophyLlum sino­ Gigantonomia, Gigantotheca and Distchotheca, none of coreanum, Annularia orientalis, Pecopteris taiyuanensis, which have ever been found in the northern floral Alethopteris norinii, CaLlipteridium koraiense, subprovince. Meanwhile, some peculiar organ genera Psaronium sinensis, Taeniopteris mucronata, are commonly known in North China such as Pterophyllum daihoense, Psygmophyllum multiparti­ Nystroemia, Asterocupulites and some unique plants, tum, etc. China is the most important locality for the including Pseudorhipidosis, Procycas, Primocycas, etc. Cathaysia flora in Asia. The Cathaysian floral province which are hitherto not seen in the southern floral can be divided into the northern and southern floral subprovince (Li Xingxue et al., 1995). However, it is sub provinces in China (Li Xingxue & Yao Zhaoqi, noteworthy that OtoJolium and Rajahia have been 1985). The northern floral subprovince is located in recorded in the northern subprovince (Shen northern China. The Carboniferous and Permian Guanglong, 1995). It is worth emphasizing that some strata are well developed in northern China, which typical Cathaysian genera, such as Gigantopteris, are ch.lracterized by marine-terrestrial transitional OtoJolium and Rajahia are of very rare occurrences in facies and terrestrial facies including a number of major the northern floral subprovince, while Empleetopteris coalfields, such as those of Hebei, Shanxi, Inner and Yuania are restricted to rare appearances in the Mongolia, Shandong, Liaoning, Ningxia, Gansu, etc. southern floral subprovince. So far, Emplectopteridium The southern floral subprovince occupies a vast area has never been recorded in the southern floral in southern China. The Upper Carboniferous subprovince. Minor differences between the northern sequences in southern China are almost completely floral subprovince and southern floral subprovince marine and no evidences of reliable fossil plants are reflect variations of floristic composition and recorded. The Permian sequences of the subprovince terrestrial ecosystem in time and space. In addition, are characterized by marine and non-marine some mixed floras between the Cathaysia province alrernating coal-bearing deposits, which are mainly and Gondwana province are also distributed in Hazro distributed in Hunan, Fujian, ]iangxi, Guangdong, of Anatolia in Turkey, New Guinea, Kashmir and ]iangsu, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hunan, Sichuan, etc. The South Tibet. Thus, although the nature of the northern subpovince and southern subporvince were Cathaysia flora is quite different from that of the located in the equatorial region under a tropical climate Gondwana flora, the boundary between them seems during the Carboniferous and Permian. Therefore, to be more closely related. The distribution of the their similarity is reflected by a number of identical mixed floras was controlled by climatic conditions, Cathaysian genera, such as Cathaysiodendron, plate tectonics and continental positions. Lobatannularia, Tingia, Yuania, Fascipteris, Cathaysiopteris, Gigantonoclea, Gigantopteris, etc. and EVOLUTION OF THE CATHAYSIA FLORA numerous common endemic species, viz, Seeing that the flora of the early Late Lepldodendron oculusJelis (Abbado) Zeiller, Carboniferous (Namurian Band C) of the Cathaysia SphenophyLlum sino-coreanum Yabe, A nnularia area was characterized by a variety of oriental lycopods mucronata Schenk, Plagiozamites oblongiJolius Halle, and many endemic elements of ferns and Pecopteris lativenosa Halle, Cladophlebis nystroemii pteridosperms, Sun Keqin (1993a, 1995 1996), Mi Halle, Alethopteris norinii Halle, Protoblechnum ]iarong and Sun Keqin (1995) put forward that the wongii Halle, Odontopteris subcrenulata Halle, Cathaysia flora derived from the Lepidodendropsis Cladophlebis nystroemii Halle and Taeniopteris flora of Early Carboniferous in the world and pointed nystroemii Halle etc. The Upper Permian of the South out that the Cathaysia flora had become an China also contains a number of endemic form-genera, independent flora in the early Late Carboniferous including Rajahia and OtoJolium (Cleal & Thomas, (Namurian B to C). The Cathaysia flora ranged from 1991). The southern floral subprovince is distinguished the beginning of the early Late Carboniferous to the by such special genera as Rajahia, OtoJolium and some end of the Permian in age (Sun Keqin, 1996). 22 THE PALAEOBOTAN5T It is known that the Lepidodendropsis flora of Wu, Tingia triLobata Stockmans et Msthieu, the Early Carboniferous is widely distributed all over ConchophyLLum richto/enii Schenk, etc. (Zhao Xiuhu the world and has similarities on a global scale. and WU Xiuyuan, 1982: Mi ]iarong et aL., 1990; Wu ]ongmans (1952, 1954) considered that all Early Xiuyuan, 1992; Chen Fen et aL., 1995; Chen Fen and Carboniferous plant assemblages belonged to the same Sun Keqin, 1996). phytogeographic province on the basis of the In the early Late Carboniferous
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Lower Cretaceous Flora of the Gates Formation from Western Canada
    The Lower Cretaceous Flora of the Gates Formation from Western Canada A Shesis Submitted to the College of Graduate Studies and Research in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Geological Sciences Univ. of Saska., Saskatoon?SI(, Canada S7N 3E2 b~ Zhihui Wan @ Copyright Zhihui Mian, 1996. Al1 rights reserved. National Library Bibliothèque nationale 1*1 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographic Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395. rue Wellington Ottawa ON KlA ON4 Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Canada Canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Libraxy of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sell reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microfom, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la fome de microfiche/nlm, de reproduction sur papier ou sur foxmat électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. College of Graduate Studies and Research SUMMARY OF DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirernents for the DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY ZHIRUI WAN Depart ment of Geological Sciences University of Saskatchewan Examining Commit tee: Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Squires Catalogue
    Type and Figured Palaeontological Specimens in the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery A CATALOGUE Compiled by Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery Don Squires Hobart, Tasmania Honorary Curator of Palaeontology May, 2012 Type and Figured Palaeontological Specimens in the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery A CATALOGUE Compiled by Don Squires Honorary Curator of Palaeontology cover image: Trigonotreta stokesi Koenig 1825, the !rst described Australian fossil taxon occurs abundantly in its type locality in the Tamar Valley, Tasmania as external and internal moulds. The holotype, a wax cast, is housed at the British Museum (Natural History). (Clarke, 1979) Hobart, Tasmania May, 2012 Contents INTRODUCTION ..........................................1 VERTEBRATE PALAEONTOLOGY ...........122 PISCES .................................................. 122 INVERTEBRATE PALAEONTOLOGY ............9 AMPHIBIA .............................................. 123 NEOGENE ....................................................... 9 REPTILIA [SP?] ....................................... 126 MONOTREMATA .................................... 127 PLEISTOCENE ........................................... 9 MARSUPIALIA ........................................ 127 Gastropoda .......................................... 9 INCERTAE SEDIS ................................... 128 Ostracoda ........................................... 10 DESCRIBED AS A VERTEBRATE, MIOCENE ................................................. 14 PROBABLY A PLANT ............................. 129 bivalvia ...............................................
    [Show full text]
  • Boletim De Resumos
    BOLETIM DE RESUMOS II Workshop dos Recursos Minerais da Região Sul do Brasil 28,29,30 de abril – 01 de maio, 2015 FLORIANÓPOLIS, BRASIL COMISSÃO ORGANIZADORA Presidente Breno Leitão Waichel | Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) Vice-Presidente Ricardo Moreira Peçanha | Departamento Nacional de Produção Mineral (DNPM) Secretaria Carina Guzzi | Guzzi Eventos Coordenação Financeira Roberto Sacks de Campos | Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) Coordenação de Publicação/Editoração Arthur Schmidt Nanni | Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) Lucas Del Mouro | Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC)/PFRH-PB 240 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Coordenação Excursões Wilson Wildner | Serviço Geológico do Brasil (CPRM) Coordenação do II Workshop dos Recursos Minerais da Região Sul do Brasil Karen Cristina de Jesus Pires | Departamento Nacional de Produção Mineral (DNPM) Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS) Neivaldo Araújo de Castro | Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) COMISSÃO CIENTÍFICA Alberto Pio Fiori | Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) Arthur Schmidt Nanni | Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) Edison Ramos Tomazzoli | Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) Eleonora Maria Gouvea Vasconcellos | Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) Elirío Ernestino Toldo Junior | Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Elvo Fassbinder | Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) Evandro Fernandes de Lima | Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Fernando
    [Show full text]
  • PRISCUM the Newsletter of the Paleontological Society Volume 13, Number 2, Fall 2004
    PRISCUM The Newsletter of the Paleontological Society Volume 13, Number 2, Fall 2004 Paleontological PRESIDENT’S Society Officers COLUMN: Inside... President Treasurer’s Report 2 William I. Ausich WE NEED YOU! GSA Information 2 President-Elect by William I. Ausich Reviews of PS- David Bottjer Sponsored Sessions 3 Past-President Why are you a member of The Paleontology Portal 5 Patricia H. Kelley The Paleontological Society? In PS Lecture Program 6 Secretary the not too distance past, the Books for Review 9 Roger D. K. Thomas only way to receive a copy of the Journal of Book Reviews 9 Treasurer Paleontology and Paleobiology was to pay your dues Conference Announce- and belong to the Society. I suppose one could Mark E. Patzkowsky have borrowed a copy from a friend or wander over ments 14 JP Managing Editors to the library. However, this was probably done Ann (Nancy) F. Budd with a heavy burden of guilt. Now, as we move Christopher A. Brochu into the digital age of scientific journal publishing, Jonathan Adrain one can have copies of the Journal of Paleontology and Paleobiology transmitted right to your Paleobiology Editors computer. It actually may arrive faster than the Tomasz Baumiller U.S. mail, you do not have to pay anything, and Robyn Burnham you do not even have to walk over to the library. Philip Gingerich No need for shelf space, no hassle, no dues, no Program Coordinator guilt – isn’t the Web great? The Web is great, but the Society needs dues-paying members in order Mark A. Wilson to continue to publish in paper, digitally, or both.
    [Show full text]
  • Habit and Ecology of the Petriellales, an Unusual Group of Seed Plants from the Triassic of Gondwana Author(S): Benjamin Bomfleur, Anne-Laure Decombeix, Andrew B
    Habit and Ecology of the Petriellales, an Unusual Group of Seed Plants from the Triassic of Gondwana Author(s): Benjamin Bomfleur, Anne-Laure Decombeix, Andrew B. Schwendemann, Ignacio H. Escapa, Edith L. Taylor, Thomas N. Taylor, Stephen McLoughlin Source: International Journal of Plant Sciences, Vol. 175, No. 9 (November/December 2014), pp. 1062-1075 Published by: The University of Chicago Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/678087 . Accessed: 08/12/2014 09:32 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to International Journal of Plant Sciences. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 130.242.24.193 on Mon, 8 Dec 2014 09:32:01 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Int. J. Plant Sci. 175(9):1062–1075. 2014. q 2014 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. 1058-5893/2014/17509-0008$15.00 DOI:10.1086/678087 HABIT AND ECOLOGY OF THE PETRIELLALES, AN UNUSUAL GROUP OF SEED PLANTS FROM THE TRIASSIC OF GONDWANA Benjamin Bomfleur,1,*,† Anne-Laure Decombeix,‡ Andrew B.
    [Show full text]
  • Madygen, Triassic Lagerstätte Number One, Before and After Sharov
    ALAVESIA, 2: 113-124 (2008) ISSN 1887-7419 Madygen, Triassic Lagerstätte number one, before and after Sharov Dmitry E. SHCHERBAKOV Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya 123, Moscow 117647, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The insect fauna of the world’s richest Triassic fossil locality, Madygen (Ladinian–Carnian of Kyrgyzstan) is reviewed; other groups of animals and plants recorded from the locality are also listed. The research history, fossil preservation and paleoenvironment of the Madygen Formation are briefly discussed. The site was discovered in 1933, and the better part of fossils was collected from the outcrop richest in insects, Dzhayloucho, during five expeditions headed by Alexander Sharov, who discovered there and described two peculiar gliding reptiles that made Madygen worldwide known. The entomofauna includes 20 orders (including the earliest Hymenoptera and early Diptera) and nearly 100 families. The insect assemblage is numerically dominated by Coleoptera, Blattodea, and Auchenorrhyncha. In Dzhayloucho, subdo- minants are Mecoptera, Orthoptera, and Protorthoptera. The largest insects belong to Titanoptera, the order established by Sharov and the most diverse in Madygen. Amphibiotic insects are rare and represented almost exclusively by adults. In some outcrops phyllopod Kazacharthra are common. The paleoenvironment may be reconstructed as an intermontane river valley in seasonally arid climate, with mineralized oxbow lakes and ephemeral ponds on the floodplain. KEY WORDS: Middle–Late Triassic. Insects. Composition of entomofauna. Paleoenvironment. INTRODUCTION 1966; cited after Dobruskina 1995). According to her ideas The world renown fossil site near the village of Mady- the Madygen Formation contains both Permian and Trias- gen, in foothills of the Turkestan Range (south of Fergana sic strata (cropping out in different areas), and the Permian Valley), Kyrgyzstan has yielded more than twenty thousand Madygen flora was rich in Mesozoic elements.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ferns of the Late Ladinian, Middle Triassic Flora from Monte Agnello, Dolomites, Italy
    The ferns of the late Ladinian, Middle Triassic flora from Monte Agnello, Dolomites, Italy EVELYN KUSTATSCHER, ELIO DELLANTONIO, and JOHANNA H.A. VAN KONIJNENBURG-VAN CITTERT Kustatscher, E., Dellantonio, E., and Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, J.H.A. 2014. The ferns of the late Ladinian, Middle Triassic flora from Monte Agnello, Dolomites, Italy. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 59 (3): 741–755. Several fern remains are described from the para-autochthonous early late Ladinian flora of the Monte Agnello (Dolo- mites, N-Italy). The plants are preserved in subaerially deposited pyroclastic layers. Some ferns, known already from the Anisian and Ladinian of this area, are confirmed (Neuropteridium elegans), but several taxa are described for the first time (Phlebopteris fiemmensis sp. nov., Cladophlebis ladinica sp. nov., Chiropteris monteagnellii sp. nov.). Cladophle- bis sp. and some indeterminable fern remains cannot yet be assigned to any family. Phlebopteris fiemmensis is now the oldest formally established species in the genus. The fern family Dipteridaceae (Thaumatopteris sp. and some fragments probably belonging to the Dipteridaceae because of their venation) has not been recorded previously from European sediments as old as the Ladinian. Although stratigraphically attributed to the late Ladinian, the flora is markedly distinct from other Ladinian floras of the Dolomites and the Germanic Basin. The flora from Monte Agnello shows a higher di- versity in ferns than coeval floras from this area although characteristic elements of the Ladinian of the Dolomites such as Anomopteris and Gordonopteris are missing. The new flora misses also the Marattiales (e.g., Danaeopsis, Asterotheca) and other elements such as Sphenopteris schoenleiniana, typical for the Ladinian of the Germanic Basin.
    [Show full text]
  • The Gond\;Yana Formations of Southern Brazil: Some of Their Stratigraphical Problems, with Emphasis on the Fossil Flora
    THE GOND\;YANA FORMATIONS OF SOUTHERN BRAZIL: SOME OF THEIR STRATIGRAPHICAL PROBLEMS, WITH EMPHASIS ON THE FOSSIL FLORA JOSUE CAMARGO MENDES Assistant Professor, Dep. Geology and Palaeontology, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras, Univ. S. Paulo, Brazil INTRODUCTION Basic lava flows close the sequence, while certain sandy deposits of supra-lava position HE main purpose of this article is to have been distinguished under the name present a brief summary of the geo­ Caiua beds. If they still belong to the T logy of the Gondwana beds of Southern pre-Cretaceous sequence, or if they may be Brazil and to point out some of their strati­ already referred to the Cretaceous series, is graphic problems with especial emphasis on yet to be proved, because no palaeontological the palaeobotanical data. data are available in the case. These beds constitute a large basin known The lava flows make up wide plateaux, as the Parana Basin ( TEXT-FIG. 1 ), covering sometimes surrounded by rather steep escarp­ a wide area of Southern Brazil, Uruguay and ments, e.g. the so-called Serra Geral. Paraguay, and which has been named in The Gondwana beds reach the Atlantic Brazil the" Santa Catarina System ", from coast from Ararangua, State of Santa Cata­ their classical section in the State of Santa rina, and southward to Torres, State of Rio Catarina. Grande do SuI. Their continuity into the" Paganzo Sys­ The Gondwana of Southern Brazil, general­ tern" (Gondwana) of Argentine has been ly speaking, lacks stratigraphic details, while suggested but not yet proved. There occurs its fauna and flora ought to be more carefully in Argentine a Rhacopteris flora absent in studied; and until then their proposed cor­ Brazil, as well as marine phases with Syringo­ relation with Argentine, Africa, Australia thyris and Eurydesma, unknown in the and India is almost pure speculation.
    [Show full text]
  • Arguments for a Humid Mid-Carnian Episode?
    Downloaded from http://jgs.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 27, 2021 Accepted Manuscript Journal of the Geological Society The Schilfsandstein and its flora - arguments for a humid mid- Carnian episode? Matthias Franz, Evelyn Kustatscher, Carmen Heunisch, Sebastian Niegel & Heinz-Gerd Röhling DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2018-053 Received 7 March 2018 Revised 12 July 2018 Accepted 27 July 2018 © 2018 The Author(s). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). Published by The Geological Society of London. Publishing disclaimer: www.geolsoc.org.uk/pub_ethics Supplementary material at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4182593 To cite this article, please follow the guidance at http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/onlinefirst#cit_journal Manuscript version: Accepted Manuscript This is a PDF of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting and correction before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Although reasonable efforts have been made to obtain all necessary permissions from third parties to include their copyrighted content within this article, their full citation and copyright line may not be present in this Accepted Manuscript version. Before using any content from this article, please refer to the Version of Record once published for full citation and copyright details, as permissions may be required. Downloaded from http://jgs.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 27, 2021 The Schilfsandstein and its flora – arguments for a humid mid-Carnian episode? 1 Franz, M., 2 Kustatscher, E., 3 Heunisch, C, 1 Niegel, S., 3 Röhling, H.-G.
    [Show full text]
  • Triassic Floras of Antarctica: Plant Diversity and Distribution in High Paleolatitude Communities
    PALAIOS, 2011, v. 26, p. 522–544 Research Article DOI: 10.2110/palo.2010.p10-122r TRIASSIC FLORAS OF ANTARCTICA: PLANT DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION IN HIGH PALEOLATITUDE COMMUNITIES IGNACIO H. ESCAPA,1,2* EDITH L. TAYLOR,1 RUBE´ NCU´ NEO,2 BENJAMIN BOMFLEUR,1,3 JULIE BERGENE,1 RUDOLPH SERBET,1 and THOMAS N. TAYLOR 1 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045-7534, USA, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]; 2CONICET—Museo Paleontolo´gico Egidio Feruglio, Trelew, Chubut, 9100, Argentina, [email protected]; 3Forschungsstelle fu¨r Pala¨obotanik am Institut fu¨r Geologie und Pala¨ontologie, Westfa¨lische Wilhelms-Universita¨t Mu¨nster, Hindenburgplatz 57, D-48143 Mu¨nster, Germany, [email protected] ABSTRACT number of Antarctic plant fossils during his career. His collection—now at the University of Kansas—includes plants preserved as impressions Continental Triassic sequences in Antarctica are among the most and compressions, palynological samples, and silicified wood from continuous and best represented in Gondwana. Triassic fossil plants have numerous sites, including southern and northern Victoria Land (SVL, been collected sporadically from Antarctica since the beginning of the NVL) and the CTM. twentieth century, but our knowledge of the vegetation during this time Certainly one of the most significant contributions of Schopf’s has dramatically increased during the last three decades. Here we review fieldwork in Antarctica was the discovery of permineralized peat from the fossil record of Triassic plants as representatives of natural groups two sites in the CTM (Schopf, 1970, 1978).
    [Show full text]
  • The Schilfsandstein and Its Flora; Arguments for a Humid Mid-Carnian Episode?
    Thematic set: The Mid-Carnian Episode Journal of the Geological Society Published online October 4, 2018 https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2018-053 | Vol. 176 | 2019 | pp. 133–148 The Schilfsandstein and its flora; arguments for a humid mid-Carnian episode? M. Franz1*, E. Kustatscher2,3,4, C. Heunisch5, S. Niegel1 & H.-G. Röhling5 1 Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum der Universität Göttingen, Abteilung Angewandte Geologie, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany 2 Museum of Nature South Tyrol, Bindergasse/via Bottai 1, 39100 Bozen/Bolzano, Italy 3 Department für Geo- und Umweltwissenschaften, Paläontologie und Geobiologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Richard-Wagner-Straße 10, 80333 München, Germany 4 Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geobiologie, Richard-Wagner-Straße 10, 80333 München, Germany 5 Landesamt für Bergbau, Energie und Geologie, Stilleweg 2, 30655 Hannover, Germany M.F., 0000-0002-7054-9862; E.K., 0000-0002-0300-0175 * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Recently intensified research on the mid-Carnian episode stimulated discussions about the mid-Carnian climate and a supposed humid climate shift. This basin-scale study on the Schilfsandstein, the type-example of the mid-Carnian episode, applied sedimentological, palynological and palaeobotanical proxies of the palaeoclimate to a large dataset of cored wells and outcrops. The results demonstrate the primary control of circum-Tethyan eustatic cycles on the Central European Basin where transgressions contributed to basin-scale facies shifts. The palaeoclimate proxies point to a uniform arid to semi-arid Carnian climate with low chemical weathering and high evaporation. Consequently, transgressions into the Central European Basin led to increased evaporation forcing the hydrological cycle. The increased runoff from source areas resulted in high-groundwater stages on lowlands characterized by hydromorphic palaeosols and intrazonal vegetation with hygrophytic elements.
    [Show full text]
  • Flora of the Late Triassic
    Chapter 13 Flora of the Late Triassic Evelyn Kustatscher, Sidney R. Ash, Eugeny Karasev, Christian Pott, Vivi Vajda, Jianxin Yu, and Stephen McLoughlin Abstract The Triassic was a time of diversification of the global floras following the mass-extinction event at the close of the Permian, with floras of low-diversity and somewhat uniform aspect in the Early Triassic developing into complex vegetation by the Late Triassic. The Earth experienced generally hothouse conditions with low equator-to-pole temperature gradients through the Late Triassic. This was also the time of peak amalgamation of the continents to form Pangea. Consequently, many plant families and genera were widely distributed in the Late Triassic. Nevertheless, E. Kustatscher (*) Museum of Nature South Tyrol, Bindergasse 1, 39100 Bozen/Bolzano, Italy Department für Geo– und Umweltwissenschaften, Paläontologie und Geobiologie, Ludwig– Maximilians–Universität, and Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Richard–Wagner–Straße 10, 80333 Munich, Germany e-mail: [email protected] S.R. Ash Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Northrop Hall, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA e-mail: [email protected] E. Karasev Borissiak Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya 123, Moscow 117647, Russia e-mail: [email protected] C. Pott Palaeobiology Department, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden LWL-Museum of Natural History, Westphalian State Museum and Planetarium, Sentruper Straße 285, 48161 Münster, Germany e-mail: [email protected] V. Vajda • S. McLoughlin Palaeobiology Department, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] J.
    [Show full text]