ISSN 2321 3361 © 2021 IJESC

Research Article Volume 11 Issue No.06

Case Study on Traffic Signals from to Vikasnagar Reach, Er. Tushar Kishore Verma1, Er. Vikram Kaintura2 Department of Civil Engineering , Dehradun, Uttrakhand,

Abstract: Asset management is a systematic process of moving, improving and processing goods. Many organizations use asset management principles as a tool and business model to define objectives and prioritize resource resources before making decisions. Road asset management focuses on bridges, traffic signs, road signs and culvert. The project focuses on the development of a signal management system. To do this, we need to create a system to check the night time to find a way to display the signs. The search will be performed at night. The study takes place in a small area of vehicles with high traffic lights. And some traffic signs may fail the test if they are not visible to the driver. And some codes are needed for maintenance. The results of the study suggest the creation of a business case for structured asset management programs. In the care study, we must take into account the production cost of each brand and the cost of maintaining the signal. For this we need to return some codes and others need to be maintained. Then look at the latitude and longitude of the symbol and create a file in the GIS arc and draw the location of each signal.

Keywords: Equipment management, Traffic signs, Systems, GIS arc, Cost analysis, Retro-reflectivity.

I. INTRODUCTION Types of Asset Management System: The asset management system has all the features, tools, data and settings needed to Asset management is defined as “a systematic approach to the fulfill the purpose of an effective asset management. Although preservation, development and operation of assets, integration of the concept of a "system" often does not address the engineering principles, good business practices and economic requirements of the data, the function considers management as principles, and the provision of resources to facilitate integrated a complex system must include the information required to and sustainable access. ease of organizing the necessary fulfill the asset management goal. decisions to meet public expectations."

This means that, in general, AMS will have the following Road network equipment such as features: 1. Physical knowledge as paths and bridges. • Organizational goals and objectives. 2. Equipment and resources. • Information 3. Data, computer systems, formulas and technologies. • Equipment and budget data.

• Model Performance mod for more planning and to upgrade Requirements for Asset Management System: The operating program. system is normal • Criteria Process Selection Methods • Materials Include physical asset, information and step-by-step • The implementation of the plan. instructions.

• Include features and status of asset. Problem Statement: Roadblocks form one of the most • Has the ability to assess capacity. important public structures and are primarily under the control • It ensures data integrity, improves data availability and ensures of the government. Job Areas oversee the facilities for transport, data interaction. repair, operation, promotion, replacement and repair. At the • Include all items related to Life Cycle Cost Estimation. same time, the economy and human resources are needed to • This will allow you to eliminate old systems and malfunctions. achieve the goal of a road network that can be quickly managed. • Orts reports are always valuable information, with real-time Everything is done wisely under the closed study of the World knowledge. Health Organization which makes the district transport system, • Repeat testing is a step that can be done from time to time. the local department of local users and looking for the best Involvement in project management is an important part. The quality, in terms of safety. Reliability and comfort, road access. system provides a comprehensive approach to all costs, road Roads and traffic jams provide a convenient transportation users, operations, administration, environment as well as public system. I see the backbone of the economy, which typically finance and current data rates. This system connects the current carries more than 80 percent of passers-by and more than 50 administrative system with the single system. Provides network percent of the goods in the country, and provides valuable management services with consistent information throughout the connections to rural highways. Roads are considered among the system that allows tax distribution over legal rights, forms and most important social services in a number of countries. Road other parts of competitors.

IJESC, June 2021 28234 http:// ijesc.org/ improvements bring communities and often larger communities many areas in western Canada have increased the number of access to hospitals, schools and markets, greater comfort, speed heavy-duty vehicles. Along with the development of a resource- and security; and lowering the price of working vehicles based economy, unpredictable levels of moisture and inefficient Governments are putting more pressure on roads to improve resources and heavy loads should undermine road pressure, road traffic and accountability for public transportation. In some failure. In some cases, the slow movement of the truck increases lands, such as Canada, the United States, and Australia, they the pressure and pumping moisture on the road surface. Its face legal obligations and are required to state how they use their effects on structural instability are complicated by the type of property. design and electronics it forms. These three studies include weight loss, meter radar deviation and soil penetration, efficient Purpose and Steps: mechanistic design. • Provide adequate access to the database system • Enter the decision-making process using the information Joseph Perrin (2006) et al. The state budget room and the obtained by the administrator transport department are required to check the price and • Establishing support is a system for increasing utility measurements of their buildings in the asset management resources. system. They must be used on roads and bridges to find and • Application of financial principles, responsibilities and inspect valuable equipment. Powers are an important part of customer service practices. asset management. This is much more important than taking into account the analysis and confidential analysis of documents. II. RELATED WORK Many DOTS countries are sent to assess road safety issues. A total of twenty-eight solutions have been developed to improve Petri Jusi et al. Describe the routes in Papua and New Guinea. the database and design process. Some organizations look for The country has a network of fixed routes of 8258 km, and some reasons not to see and evaluate performance. roads have a traffic flow of 19937 km. The total cost of the road is $ 1 billion. In the country, the Department of Works (DOW) Pannapa Herabat described the development of rural roads as stores road equipment. The department does not provide undergoing major structural changes in terms of the country's adequate security for road system maintenance. And this should economic and social development plans. They have divided the affect growth and the amount of domestic products. In a country rural areas into lower district levels. The purpose of the district that can provide first aid access to services, markets, level is to improve the quality of life and economic development management, health and education. Poor remodeling of the road and social well -being in rural areas. Web -based technology system prevents access to first aid for rural residents. Dow is used for easy communication between remote locations for raising money and guidance from Asian development banks and environments and network projects. They have created the latest with the help of Finland consultant and the development of the operating systems and technologies. The system has developed road asset management system. This is a fun and informative components related to roads, bridges, drainage systems, traffic data medium, short-term and long-term management, budget signs, foot markings and crop problems. The benefits are a estimates for road networks. measure of profits and consequences for rural road users.

Harris, EA, Rasdorf et al. Illustrates the low rate of traffic Bheshem Ramlal is described in the management of Trinidad signals. This paper provides an overview of the number of traffic and Tobago paper goods using spatial information systems. Over monitoring methods using asset management. This method is the past two decades, Trinidad and Tobago has invested in based on the state of analysis and data collection. Part of the infrastructure development across the country. The city is home comparison needs to be made. They are required to take 30 to new homes, schools, libraries, hospitals, police stations, positions in the annual price of repairs and in the percentage of universities, government offices and sports facilities. Roads and road signs. Comparing the results is much more expensive than bridges are being rebuilt. It is expected that more will be added the high level of management, which usually leads to a lower to the existing infrastructure in the next few years. The author percentage of symptoms. For other symptoms, use the overnight emphasizes that the biggest problem facing the country is the check method. transport and storage of goods. They have plans to increase wealth; these plans are used effectively. The new technology Michael J. Markow (2008) describes the behavior of asset that can be used in asset management and management is managers on the road. They claimed the significance and control Geographic Information Systems (GIS). GIS can provide an of the asset through pavements and bridges. They are required to effective solution. This paper examines existing GIS separate the six categories of non-construction equipment from applications for this purpose and presents plans to expand GIS the main NCHRP 37-03. Traffic signs, signatures, lights, for property management in Trinidad and Tobago. sections, tunnel, are parts of the control. It should take into account other aspects of asset management systems, planning III. PRINCIPLES OF TRAFFIC SIGNS methods, measuring asset performance, life cycle, equipment use, technology. This study demonstrates basic knowledge about Traffic signs are an important part of the road, and the road with road signs, systems and work conditions for a variety of objects. little or no signs is a bad road. Road users rely on traffic signals There are some systems that reliably use meters, asset for information and guidance, and traffic officials rely on management systems. economic road signatures, traffic law enforcement, traffic control and road safety regulations. Signs should give users their Curtis Berthelot (2009) et al. It describes the management of message a clear and timely message. The message should be system for inspection of substructure drainage system. They say

IJESC, June 2021 28235 http:// ijesc.org/ clear and understandable as soon as possible. A design with a to Vikasnagar is 3040 degrees. Dehradun is located at the common symbol helps to identify them quickly, usually as a longitude of 78.03 and latitude of 30.32 & Vikasnagar is located shape, color and writing of each type. Create the best modeling at the longitude of 77.76 and latitude of 30.48. the driving opportunities, not only with the usual display, but also with their distance between Dehradun to Vikasnagar is 38 KM and 411 frequent use, position and lighting. Images provided are meters The given google map image shown the direction in provided for traffic control and guidance and marketing of road which the blue color line indicates road connectivity to safety. They should be used only where they will serve these Vikasnagar. In the travel map towards Vikasnagar we found a functions clearly. On the other hand, their inefficiency on the route hotel, tourist spots, picnic spots, petrol pumps, and various road, control or risk of justifying the use of the sign is not at a religious places. time when street users are particularly interested in it. The ratio between more and less symptoms should be beaten.

IV. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

The asset management system used by road management will use the following information: • System description • Explain the benefits of the system • Benefit from this system. • Condition of goods. • Terms of use • policies and measures (e.g. support models and drug plans and further data analysis, e.g. execution measures) • Budget information (e.g., broken down by asset type, program status) The information collected from another working project on the The night vision system uses an audience that is rated based on same route with different working objective. This information night vision and the audience must have an appreciation for was taken from Dehradun to Vikasnagar Highway (NH 07 and displaying the show. In general, it should be done at normal NH 123). Collection of signal points and signals along the way speeds of traffic, using low-beam headlights. To measure the using surveillance methods and the use of cameras. retroflectivity method use a retroreflective counter to measure Informational data are collected on the road from this highway. all signals. A minimum count of four times during sentiment is These data were collected by night time monitoring methods. In taken during the day and the mean value of the signal return is this method the judgement view was done for retro reflection of compared with the minimum set for that sign. The life sign. Retro lights are the ability of objects to reflect backlight in expectancy method measures the duration of life of signals. This the way they start lighting (e.g., robots) often at night. The test must be a combination of sheet color and sheet type. It must take was performed at night from 7pm to 9pm. The top speed is years for the sign to be followed, using the names to enter the 40kmph and the view is from 100m away from the mark. The day after each sign. The blanket retrieval system replaces all car's headlights were directed to the sign and illuminated the signs near the corridor in a place. Amendments must comply headlights. Some of the symbols were less visible and this type with the manufacturer's warranty. Sign management systems use of symbols had to be replaced. symbols on controlled study pages or landmark samples to see what the signs of life are. The signal management model is used VII. RESULT ANALYSIS to represent all signals in the institution. Data Management: For To determine the value of the coefficient of retroflection (Ra) all asset management plans, the power to organize strong for each signal. The variance coefficient (Ra) is the information cannot be overemphasized. The relationships measurement of the brightness of the signal communicated to between information, accountability and point-and-point the driver (cd) in bright light the signal (lx) in unit standard information must be forged and properly marked at the outset (m2). To get the important Ra, we can find the viewing corner, and maintained throughout the life of the plan. It is the the entrance. From these two directions, we can obtain the return responsibility of management in the organization to publicize coefficient (Ra). The distance from the driveway to the sign is the importance of strong information organizations and ensure 100 meters, the height of the sign is 2.0 meters. The distance of that employees are generally trained and have the right direction the traffic lights from the road is 0.65 m, the mean of the for the recognition of this mission. Special attention is required driver’s vision is 1.2 m from these levels it is possible to see the when information comes from sources outside the organization. viewpoint and the entrances. First you can find the viewing The system should be clear about what information is needed, corner and the space on the viewing side. These distances what organizations they are aware of and what information depend on the type of road and town. Using the right angle needs to be provided. Systematic tracking will identify any method, the invisible path and side of the insertion are obtained cracks in the data and will highlight any low -level information. by measuring the height and height while measuring the sides

while observing. The height of the target signal H, H1 is the V. STUDY AREA height of the observer in the vehicle from the ground, L1 is the

distance between the observer and the road sign, H2 is the height Dehradun to Vikasnagar location. Vikasnagar is located nearly of headlight from the ground, L2 is the distance between car north west side to Dehradun. The bearing degree from Dehradun headlights and traffic lights.

IJESC, June 2021 28236 http:// ijesc.org/ Observation Angle and Entrance Angle for Visibility Distance: Speed (kmph) Distance (m) Observation Angle (θ1) Entrance Angle (θ2) 40 90 0.37 0.87 50 100 0.34 0.79 60 150 0.22 0.52 70 170 0.20 0.46 80 185 0.18 0.42

The deviation in the observation angles and entrance angles. increase in speed and the distance then the angles will be These angles should be depending on the speed of the vehicle decreased, in this practice using for night time operation method and distance of vehicle from the sign. With respect to the speed is 40 kmph and distance is 90m.

Observation Angle and Entrance Angle for Visibility Distance: Speed (kmph) Distance (m) Observation Angle (θ1) Entrance Angle (θ2) 40 55 0.62 1.45 50 55 0.62 1.45 60 70 0.48 1.13 70 70 0.48 1.13 80 70 0.48 1.13

This is the required distance enable to read the sign. These AASHTO specification signal retro-reflectivity method. in this distances are also dependent on the speed and distance of process using for night time inspection method speed is 40kmph vehicle from the plate. These quantities also comparing with the and distance is 90m.

Coefficient of Retro-Reflectivity of Each Plate type Colours as per AASHTO Specifications: O A E A W Y O R G Be Bn 0.2 -0.4 335 250 125 50 35 17 10 0.2 30 120 85 45 17 12 6.0 3.5 0.5 -0.4 135 100 50 20 14 6.5 4.0 0.5 30 45 35 17 7.0 4.5 2.5 1.5 1 -4 15 12.5 6.5 2.5 1.5 1.0 0.5 1 30 5.5 4.5 2.5 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.2

Retro-Reflective Activity Standards: White A = 342 & R = 307 Yellow A = 238 & R = 212 Red A = 67 & R = 60 Blue A = 17 & R = 15

A= Annual tests performed if observed values are below, these signals. Those signals which observed and compared with the values. retro-reflective standards and failed at the night time inspection R= replacement preferred if observed values are below, these formula using the visibility sight distances are need to replaced. values. These results are compared with the AASHTO specifications and there is lite percentage of error, so these values are reliable As per the standards few signals having the less retro-reflective for the further analysis of study. values. For those sings we need to replaced or maintenance the

Signals Inspected Data: Regulatory Signs Informatory Signs Warning Signs Tested 10 23 3 Passed 8 15 3 Failed 2 8 0 % Failed 20 80 0

Geographic Information System mapping (GIS) Asset Data: be included in the road maintenance system and displayed Collection signals are organized into a location map. First, we together in Google Earth. This makes it easier to find important have to calculate the position of each sign and then write down causes of road safety violations, and the Latitude and longitude the longitude and latitude of each sign. And now we need to edit points. the GIS arc to create the file. Data on various important soils can

IJESC, June 2021 28237 http:// ijesc.org/ Latitude and Longitude Points of each Sign: Latitude Longitude 30.4708 77.7750 30.4684 77.7698 30.4545 77.7522 30.4410 77.7378 30.4378 77.7402 30.4363 77.7443 30.4342 77.7497 30.4329 77.7542 30.4325 77.7561 30.4322 77.7573 30.4319 77.7592 30.4312 77.7618 30.4244 77.7722 30.4202 77.7785 30.4183 77.7812 30.4111 77.7886 30.4066 77.7932 30.4058 77.7937 30.3917 77.8085 30.3836 77.8155 30.3801 77.8196 30.3625 77.8435 30.3595 77.8481 30.3511 77.8649 30.3472 77.8718 30.3493 77.8873 30.3442 77.9184 30.3452 77.9393 30.3431 77.9542 30.3363 77.9566 30.3360 77.9635 30.3332 77.9798 30.3326 77.9985 30.3333 78.0108 30.3210 78.0137 30.2940 77.9974 30.2923 77.9996 30.2879 77.9981

Final Steps in GIS arc: • Convert the documented data to layer feature with GIS arc tool • Edit the latitude and longitude in the excel sheet • Then convert the layer to (. kml) format to see the Google file • Send the document to GIS arc below • Define the x and y functions in the GIS arc • Open Google Earth and give the file (. kml) to open in Google • Then open the status bar in the GIS arc earth

No. & Sizes of Collected Signs: S.No Sign Type No of Signs Dimensions of Signs (mm) Sheet Type

1 Maximum Speed 40 kmph 05 600 Engineering grade

2 Speed Breaker Signs 01 600 Engineering grade

3 Major Road Ahead Signs 02 600 Engineering grade

4 No Parking Signs 05 600 Engineering grade

5 Informatory Signs 32 450 Engineering grade

IJESC, June 2021 28238 http:// ijesc.org/ Approximate Cost Analysis: S.No Sign Type Manufacturing Cost Maintenance Cost (INR) Total Cost (INR) (INR) 1 Maximum Speed 40 1010*5 Individual Sign Crew Worker Wage / Total No 5050 kmph of Signs. 2 Speed Breaker Signs 510 510 3 Major Road Ahead 510*2 1020 Signs 4 No Parking Signs 1140*5 5700 5 Informatory Signs 760*32 24320

The cost of a controlled sign is INR 1,010 and there should be [6]. Pannapa Herabat, Paper No. 03-4251, Web-Based Rural no five signals, and the speed glass sign costs INR 510 and two Road Asset-Management System, transportation research record. major road markers drawn INR 510. No parking signs should buy INR 1,140, five signs at all. And 32 more the number of [7]. Omar Smadi, pp. 16–18, Infrastructure Asset Management signals, the price of each signal is 760. Then the total price for Education, transportation research record all tokens is 36,600 Indian rupees. And the cost of maintenance [8]. Michael J. Markow, (2008), pp. 78–86, Current Asset should be calculated in management systems (daily rewards, Management Practices Applied to Pavement Markings, painting, repairs) to all of these is the lowest possible price for transportation research record. this year INR 250 per sign. We have to maintain 45 signs the total cost should be 11250 per year. The work should be done [9]. Highway Statistics 2004. Table HM-80. Federal Highway twice a year. The total cost of the work was 47850. These trends Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. www. fhwa. depend on population, traffic and market prices. These costs dot.gov/policy/ohim/hs04/htm/hm80.htm.Accessed July 29, vary from year to year. 2006

VIII. CONCLUSION [10]. Maintaining Traffic Sign Retro-reflectivity. FHWA-SA- 03-027. Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of The aim is to review the administrative office of iconic Transportation. Safety. fhwa. dot. Gov./ roadway_ dept/ docs/ practices. It is possible to reduce the branded price of an asset maintain_sign_retro.pdf. Accessed July 29.2006. while maintaining a high level of safety on local and international roads. These observations are consistent with the [11]. Mohammad Najasi (2010), Development of a culvert AASHTO standard and have a small error rate, so these inventory and inspection Framework for asset management of characteristics are reliable for further study. In my research, I road structures. Centre for Underground Infrastructure Research made about 75% of the visual and audio signals of buildings and Education (CUIRE). according to normal conditions. [12]. Kraus, D. (2004). The Benefits of Asset Management And • Some legal requirements need to be changed because GASB 34. Leadership and Management in Engineering, 4 (1), demonstrations are limited and three signatures need to be taken 17-18. care of. • Some features of the mark may need to be adjusted due to the [13]. Asset management data collection prepared by Gerardo W. direction of signals that are not visible from a distance. Flintsch Center for Safe and Sustainable Transportation • Parking signal should be inspected visually from different Infrastructure. regions. • Costs Personnel and maintenance costs of all prescribed types. [14]. Infrastructure and asset management plan of City of Tea Tree Gully (2013). • These prices may change from year to year and should be based on quantities, population and market prices. [15]. Geiger, D., Wells, P., Bugas-Schramm, S. Merida, D., et al.

IX. REFERENCES (2005). Transportation Asset Management in Australia, Canada, England, and New Zealand. Federal Highway Administration. [1]. Harris (2007), Analysis of Traffic Sign Asset Management Scenarios, transportation research board journals. [16]. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). (1999). Asset Management Primer. Federal Highway Administration United [2]. Zongwei Tao, Asset Management Model and Systems States Department of Transportation. Integration Approach, transportation research record.

[3]. Sue McNeil, Paper No. 00-0314, asset management, [17]. Mohd Zulkifli et .al (2010), paper no 2, 215-219, journal of transportation research record. geographic information system.

[4]. Odd J. Stalebrink, Paper No. 00-1135, Transportation Asset [18]. Traffic signal manual his majesty’s government of Nepal Management, transportation research record. (august 1997). Ministry of Works and Transport, Department of Roads. [5]. Petri Jusi, Paper No. LVR8-1053, Road Asset Management System Implementation in Pacific Region, transportation [19]. Venkata Pavan K. Immaneni , Joseph E. Hummer et.al. research record. Synthesis of Sign Deterioration Rates Across the US.

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