Connectivity Chapter 2 This Presentation Covers

Home , Electrical connector, ESATAp, IEEE 1394, Sound card

Connectivity Chapter 2 This presentation covers:

>Computer Ports > Devices Connected to Ports The purpose of various computer ports What to do if you don’t have a particular port What types of devices connect to specific ports Symbols and colors associated with particular ports External Connectivity • A port: is a connector on a motherboard or on a separate adapter that allows a device to connect to a computer. • Many port connections are either male or female. • Male ports: have metal pins that protrude from the connector. A male port requires a cable with a female connector. • Female ports: have holes in the connector into which the male cable pins are inserted. External Connectivity • Some connectors on integrated motherboards are either  D-shell connectors (They are named for their characteristic D-shaped metal shield) or DIN connectors. (A DIN connector is an electrical connector that was originally standardized by the Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN), the German national standards organization) • A D-shell connector (sometimes called a D-sub): has more pins or holes on top than on the bottom, so a cable connected to the D-shell connector can be inserted in only one direction. • Many documents represent a D-shell connector by using the letters DB, a hyphen, and the number of pins—for example, DB-9, DB-15, or DB-25. External Connectivity

• A mini-DIN-6 connector: is round with small holes and is normally keyed. When a connector is keyed, the cable can be inserted only one way. • Keyboard and mouse connectors, commonly called PS/2 ports(Its name comes from the IBM Personal System/2 series of personal computers), are examples of mini-DIN connectors. External Connectivity

DVI: Digital Visual Interface (DVI)- DVI-A (analog only), DVI-D (digital only) or DVI-I (digital and analog) VGA: Video Graphics Array (VGA) Mouse and Keyboard Ports •Mouse and keyboard ports have traditionally been 6-pin mini-DIN ports that are sometimes called PS/2 ports. Otherwise, USB ports are used for mouse and keyboard connectivity. •Many manufacturers color code the PS/2 mouse port as green and the PS/2 keyboard port as purple or they may put a small diagram of a keyboard or a mouse by each connector. Video Ports •A video port is used to connect a display. •Video output can be the older method of analog signal (varying levels) or the newer output method of digital signal (1s and 0s). •Because the computer uses all digital signals, sending 1s and 0s is more efficient than having to convert the 1s and 0s to an analog signal. Video Graphics Array (VGA) •The video graphics array (VGA) port was designed for analog output to a CRT monitor. •VGA ports are easy to identify because they have three rows of holes. The female port is sometimes advertised as an HD-15 or DE-15 port. The VGA cable has a DB-15 male end that attaches to the DE-15 port. VGA pin layouts

Normal density High density Double density Name Pin layout Name Pin layout Name Pin layout DA-15 8-7 DA-26 9-9-8 DA-31 10-11-10 DB-25 13-12 DB-44 15-15-14 DB-52 17-18-17 DC-37 19-18 DC-62 21-21-20 DC-79 26-27-26 DD-50 17-16-17 DD-78 20-19-20-19 DD-100 26-25-24-25 DE-09 5-4 DE-15 5-5-5 DE-19 6-7-6 21-21-21-21- DB-19 10-9 DF-104 20[5] Digital Visual Interface (DVI)

• A newer port is a Digital Visual Interface (DVI) port, and it has three rows of square holes. • DVI ports are used to connect flat panel digital displays. Some flat panel monitors can also use the older VGA port. • Some video adapters also enable you to connect a video device (such as a television) that has an Svideo port (S-Video also known as separate video) Digital Visual Interface (DVI) • There are several types of DVI connectors. The one used depends on the type of monitor attached. • Two terms used with these DVI connectors are:  single link and dual link. • A single link connection allows video resolutions up to 1920×1080. With a dual link connection, more pins are available to send more signals, thus allowing higher resolutions. • The two major types of connectors are DVI-D and DVI-I. DVID • is used for digital video connectivity only. DVI-I can be used for both digital and analog monitors, and it is the most common. A less common type is DVI-A, which is used for analog connectivity DVI, S-Video, and VGA ports

Visual and Video Ports DisplayPort •The DisplayPort developed by VESA (Video Electronics Standards Association) •can send and receive video, audio, or both types of signals simultaneously. •The port is designed to primarily output to display devices, such as computer monitors, televisions, and home theaters. • A passive converter can be used to convert to a single-link DVI or HDMI port . You use an active converter (have a chip that boosts the signals) to convert to a dual-link DVI. DisplayPort Thunderbolt •Thunderbolt port: An updated port that uses some of the DisplayPort technology. •The Thunderbolt interface was developed by Intel with support from Apple. •In addition to carrying video signals, a Thunderbolt cable can also be used to carry audio signals and data to external storage devices. High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) •High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI): a digital interface that can carry audio and video over the same cable. •HDMI is found on cable TV boxes, televisions, video adapters, laptops, desktops, and tablets. •MiniHDMI, or microHDMI connectors, are used with devices such as cameras, tablets, and smartphones Video ports, including a DisplayPort, HDMI port, and two DVI ports Video port summary Bayonet Neill-Concelman (BNC) • Bayonet Neill-Concelman (BNC): The last type of connector you might see associated with video, but more likely with cable TV. • A BNC connector is used with coaxial cable that is found in video networks such as a school where multiple TVs connect to the same distribution center or in a home that obtains TV channels through a cable provider. Video Adapters and Converters • Converters can be purchased for video ports

DVI-to-VGA converter DVI-to-HDMI converter VGA-to-DVI converter

Thunderbolt-to- Thunderbolt-to-VGA DVI converter converter USB Ports

• USB stands for Universal Serial Bus. A USB port allows up to 127 connected devices to transmit at speeds up to 10Gb/s (10 billion bits per second). • Devices that can connect to a USB port include: • printers, scanners, mice, keyboards, joysticks, optical drives, tape drives, game pads, cameras, modems, speakers, telephones, video phones, data gloves, and digitizers. • Additional ports can sometimes be found on the front of a PC case or on the side of a mobile device. • FIGURE 2.16 USB Ports USB Versions

• USB ports and devices come in three versions: 1.0/1.1, 2.0 (Hi- Speed), and 3.0 (SuperSpeed). • USB 1.0 operates at speeds of 1.5Mb/s and 12Mb/s; • version 2.0 operates at speeds up to 480Mb/s. • Version 3.0 transmits data up to 5Gb/s. The 3.0 USB port, which still accepts older devices and cables, is colored blue. • Version 3.1 increases the speed to 10Gb/s, is backward compatible with prior versions, can deliver more power, and ports are colored teal. USB cables • The version 1 and 2 cables used 4 wires. • Version 3 cables use 9 wires. • Note that the port is not required to be labeled, and sometimes looking at the technical specifications for the computer or motherboard is the only way to determine port speed. • Each USB standard has a maximum cable length: • Version 1.0/1.1: 9.8 feet, or 3 meters • Version 2.0: 16.4 feet, or 5 meters • Version 3.x: 9.8 feet, or 3 meters USB cables • USB cables can be longer than these specifications, but the standards are provided to ensure that devices function properly. Sometimes a USB extender cable is needed to extend the length of a standard USB cable. USB Connectors • USB ports are known as upstream ports and downstream ports. • An upstream port is used to connect to a computer or another hub. • A USB device connects to a downstream port. • Downstream ports are commonly known as USB Type-A and USB Type-B. • A standard USB cable has a Type-A male connector on one end and a Type-B male connector on the other end. The port on the computer is a Type-A port. • The Type-A connector inserts into the Type-A port. The Type-B connector attaches to the Type-B port on the USB device. USB Connectors

The USB Type-C connector is the latest connector that will eventually replace the Type-A and Type-B connectors. Many USB 3.x ports are Type-C connectors, but they do not have to be. USB Hubs • A USB port can have more than one device attached to the port through the use of a USB hub. Many hubs can operate in two power modes—self-powered and bus-powered—and a hub may have a switch control that must be set to the appropriate mode. • A self-powered hub has an external power supply attached. • A bus-powered hub has no external power supply connected to it. • Once USB devices attached to a hub are tested, the hub’s power supply can be removed and the devices can be retested. • If all attached devices work properly, the hub power supply can be left disconnected. USB Hubs • Figure shows USB hub connectivity, Host computer with USB port Type A connection AC adapter (supplied)

Downstream ports (Type A connections)

Type B connection to the device

USB cables (user supplied) Type B connection to the device

Type A connector Type B connector USB Hubs USB ports summary USB Converters Converters are available to convert a USB port to a different type of connector (or vice versa), such as PS/2 mouse/keyboard, Mini-DIN-to-USB converter or mini-DIN.

USB-to-PS/2 mouse and keyboard converter USB Converters

Mini-DIN-to-USB converter

USB-to-Ethernet converter Other USB Types •A smaller USB port used on small devices such as USB hubs, digital cameras, and phones is known as a mini-USB port. •There are several types of smaller USB ports: •mini-A, mini-AB, micro-B, and micro-AB. •The mini-/micro-AB ports accept either USB micro-B a mini-/micro-A or 3.0 a mini-/micro-B cable end. port and cable

USB Type-A, mini, and micro ports Other USB Types Other USB Types (USB OTG ) • USB OTG (on-the-go) is a supplement to the USB 2.0 specification and is included in the specification for USB 3.0. •USB OTG allows a USB device, such as an audio player or a mobile phone, to act as the host device. •This allows two USB devices to communicate without the use of a PC or a hub. • The supplement still allows the USB OTG device to attach to a PC because USB OTG is backward compatible with the USB 2.0 standard. USB OTG Other USB Types (Certified W-USB ) • Certified W-USB (wireless USB) supports high-speed, secure wireless connectivity between a USB device and a PC, at speeds comparable to Hi-Speed USB. •Certified Wireless USB is not a networking technology; it is just another way that you can connect your favorite USB devices to a host. You just don’t have to plug a cable into a USB port. Wireless USB supports speeds of 480Mb/s at a range up to 3 meters (~10 feet) or 110Mb/s up to 10 meters (~30 feet). •Wireless USB uses ultra-wideband low-power radio over a range of 3.1 to 10.5GHz. devices. USB logos Installing Extra USB Ports •Sometimes people want more USB ports and do not want to add another hub or a hub with more ports. •Many motherboards support adding two or more USB ports by using a cable that attaches to motherboard pins, which is also known as a USB header. •The ports mount in an expansion slot space, but they do not take an expansion slot. Even if the motherboard has such pins, the ports and cable assembly might have to be purchased separately Installing Extra USB Ports Audio Ports

•A sound card converts digital computer signals to sound and sound to digital computer signals. •A sound card is sometimes called an audio card. • Sound ports are commonly integrated into the motherboard, but some people want better sound and so they add a card. •The most common sound ports include a port for a microphone, MP3 player, or other audio device and one or more ports for speakers. The ports can accept analog or digital signals

© 2016 Pearson Education Inc. Audio Ports •The traditional analog sound ports are 3.5mm •The newer Sony/Phillips Digital interface (S/PDIF) in/out ports are used to connect to various devices, such as digital audio tape players/recorders, DVD players/recorders, and external disc players/recorders. •There are two main types of S/PDIF connectors: •an RCA jack ( Radio Corporation of America) used to connect a coaxial cable and •a fiber-optic port for a TOSLINK cable connection (Toshiba-link)

© 2016 Pearson Education Inc. FireWire Ports •The IEEE 1394 standard is a serial technology developed by Apple Inc. Sometimes it is known as FireWire (Apple), i.Link (Sony), or Lynx (Texas Instruments). • IEEE 1394 ports have been more predominant on Apple computers, but they are also seen on some PCs. •Windows and Apple operating systems support the IEEE 1394 standard. •Many digital products have an integrated IEEE 1394 port for connecting to a computer include cameras, printers, storage devices, video conferencing cameras, optical players and drives, tape drives, film readers, speakers, and scanners. © 2016 Pearson Education Inc. FireWire Ports •IEEE 1394 has two data transfer modes: asynchronous and isochronous. •The asynchronous mode focuses on ensuring that data is delivered reliably. •Isochronous transfers allow guaranteed bandwidth (which is needed for audio/video transfers) but do not provide for error correction •Speeds supported are 100, 200, 400, 800, 1200, 1600, and 3200Mb/s. •IEEE 1394 devices commonly include the speed as part of their descriptions or names; for example, a FireWire 400 device transfers at speeds up to 400Mb/s and a FireWire 800 device up to 800Mb/s. © 2016 Pearson Education Inc. FireWire Ports •An IEEE 1394 cable has 4, 6, or 9 pins. •A 4-pin cable/connector does not provide power, so the device must have its own power source. •The 6- and 9-pin connectors do provide power. •A 6-pin connector is used on desktop computers and can provide power to the attached IEEE 1394 device. •A 9-pin connector is used to connect to 800Mb/s devices that are also known as IEEE 1394b devices.

© 2016 Pearson Education Inc. FireWire Ports •IEEE 1394 does not require a PC to operate; two IEEE 1394 devices can communicate via a cable. •The IEEE 1394 bus is actually a peer-to-peer standard, meaning that a computer is not needed. •Two IEEE 1394–compliant devices can be connected (for example, a hard drive and a digital camera), and data transfer can occur across the bus.

6-pin FireWire 400

Mobile device 4-pin IEEE 1394 port

9-pin FireWire 800

USB

9-pin FireWire 800

6-pin FireWire 400

© 2016 Pearson Education Inc. IEEE 1394 standards eSATA Ports •SATA (serial AT attachment)[Serial Advanced Technology Attachment ] is used for connecting storage devices such as hard drives or optical drives. •eSATA can transfer data at 600MB/s. •A 7-pin non powered external SATA (eSATA) port is used to connect external storage devices to computers at a maximum of approximately 6.6 feet or 2 meters. •An eSATA port is commonly found on laptops to provide additional storage. If the internal hard drive has crashed, an external drive connected to an eSATA or USB port could be used to boot and troubleshoot the system. eSATA Ports •A variation of the eSATA port is the eSATAp port, which is also known as eSATA/USB or power over eSATA. This variation can accept eSATA or USB cables and provides power when necessary. eSATA Ports

eSATA port eSATAp port

© 2016 Pearson Education Inc. Network Ports •Network ports are used to connect a computer to other computers, including a network server. •The most common type of network port is an Ethernet port. •A network cable inserts into the Ethernet port to connect the computing device to the wired network. • A network port or an adapter that has a network port is commonly called a NIC (network interface card/controller). •Ethernet adapters commonly contain an RJ-45 (Registered Jack (RJ) port that looks like an RJ-11 phone jack. •An RJ-45 Ethernet port can also be found on external storage devices. A storage device could be cabled to the wired network in the same fashion as the PC An RJ-45 Ethernet port Modem Ports • A modem connects a computer to a phone line. A modem can be internal or external. • An internal modem is an adapter that has one or two RJ-11 phone jack connectors. • An external modem is a separate device that sits outside the computer and connects to a 9-pin serial port or a USB port. • The external modem can also have one or two RJ-11 connectors. • With two RJ-11 connectors, The RJ-11 connector labeled Line is for the connection to the wall jack. The RJ-11 connector labeled Phone is for the connection to the phone. An internal modem with only one RJ-11 connector connects to the wall jack. Modem Ports Integrated Motherboard Ports