Geografia JÉSSICA BASSA

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Geografia JÉSSICA BASSA UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" Campus Experimental de Ourinhos – Geografia JÉSSICA BASSAN ANÁLISE DO USO DE JOGOS DIGITAIS NO ENSINO DE GEOGRAFIA: UMA EXPERÊNCIA NA ESCOLA ESTADUAL PROFESSORA JOSEPHA CUBAS DA SILVA, OURINHOS/SP OURINHOS – SP 2016 ANÁLISE DO USO DE JOGOS DIGITAIS NO ENSINO DE GEOGRAFIA: UMA EXPERÊNCIA NA ESCOLA ESTADUAL PROFESSORA JOSEPHA CUBAS DA SILVA, OURINHOS/SP JÉSSICA BASSAN Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso apresentado à banca examinadora para obtenção do título de Bacharel em Geografia da Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho – UNESP – Campus de Ourinhos. Orientador: Profa. Dra. Márcia Cristina de Oliveira Mello OURINHOS – SP 2016 Banca examinadora Profa. Dra. Márcia Cristina de Oliveira Mello (Orientadora) __________________________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Carla Cristina Reinaldo Gimenes de Sena __________________________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Daniela Fernanda da Silva Fuzzo __________________________________________________________ AGRADECIMENTOS Durante estes cinco anos e meio tive a imensa felicidade de poder contar e conhecer pessoas que me ajudaram a percorrer todas as dificuldades, e principalmente enaltecer as conquistas. Porém, não teria essa oportunidade de crescer como profissional e principalmente como pessoa sem a companhia de certas pessoas. Em primeiro lugar agradeço pelo carinho, força e paciência que a minha família demonstrou com a minha pessoa. No entanto, vou ser eternamente grata pela minha mãe, Vanda Tito da Silva, por demonstrar a força e inteligência que uma mulher pode ter independente dos impecilhos que a vida nos proporciona. Ao meu pai, Grinaldo Donizete Bassan, pelas várias ligações para discutir desde um assunto banal até um acontecimento politico, e de indicar inúmeras entrevistas e conteúdos de leitura. Por últimos, porém não menos importantes, meus irmãos Agatha Carolina Bassan e Northon Augusto Bassan. Que são o meu orgulho e espelho. Além das já falecidas Godzilla, Pitty, Lila e Puppie, além da Nina que entrou recentemente para a família pelo carinho. A Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP, em particular, aos funcionarios e sobre tudo aos professores do campus de Ourinhos. No entanto, alguns professores tiveram um papel fundamental e especial nessa caminhada. Aos professores Carla Cristina Reinaldo Gimenes de Sena, Amir El Hakim de Paula, Luciene Cristina Risso, Maria Cristina Perusi, Ana Claúdia Carfan e Daniela Fernanda da Silva Fuzzo. Cada um teve e tem um toque especial em minha formação acadêmica e pessoal. Às minhas veteranas de faculdade Karen Exposti Degli e Ivana Hori, mais conhecida por “Shoyo“, por me acolherem e ajudarem em minha adaptação a nova cidade e principalmente na vida universitária. À Jessica Yasmin Galatti, por mostrar que independente dos julgamentos e gostos das outras pessoas, devemos se manter fiel aos nossos ideias. Ao meu querido e corajoso amigo Vinicius Queiroz Freitas, o eterno “Afrente“, que entre estudos e noites com pizza com “caldo negro do capitalismo“ me mostrou a lutar pelos meus direitos e que a luta como estudante ou professor é permanente. Que apesar dos obstáculos que possam surigir, estes nunca serão maiores do que a nossa vontade de lutar. À minha querida amiga Gislaine Silva dos Santos, por demonstrar a cada momento que nenhuma adversidade que a vida nos apresenta pode nos atrapalhar de alcançar nossos sonhos. Ao Gustavo Fontanetta Costa, devo agradacer pela amizade e por mostrar como manter a tranquilidade em todos os momentos. À Caroline Rodrigues Paixão, que ter gostos nerds/geeks não são motivos para se envergonhar, bem como ter momentos para relaxar e de suma importância para manter a sanidade e alegria na vida. Ao grandioso Rafael Martins Sanches, pelas incontáveis vezes que tive a sua ajuda e apoio, principalmente nesta pesquisa e vida pós UNESP. Não poderia faltar o “excelentíssimo senhor“ Rosivaldo Gomes de Sousa, vulgo “Rosi o Original“, pelos informes extras acadêmicos, pelas conversas cheias de liberdade e por dar esse gostinho do Ceará em plena Ourinhos. Ao amigo de infância Gustavo Pereira Lima, por ser a prova de que não há caminho fácil para alcançar os nossos sonhos e planos de carreira. Assim sendo, uma das coisas que aprendi com todas essas pessoas foi que independe dos dogmas religiosos, étnicos, ideologias políticas e/ou partidárias, identidade de gênero ou entre outros rótulos que a sociedade vive a empregar para controlar ou repremir, o cárater e a amizade de uma pessoa transpassam essas barreiras e principalmente não interferem em absolutamente nada em sua capacidade conigntiva. A todos, meus agradecimentos. RESUMO Este trabalho teve como objetivo propor uma abordagem diferente do ensino de Geografia no que diz respeito ao conhecimento cognitivo da interpretação de mapas utilizando representações cartográficas provindas de jogos digitais. Em primeira instância foi aplicado um questionário para conhecer o grau de dificuldade dos alunos perante a leitura de um mapa, e a partir dessa investigação verificou-se que os alunos apresentaram dificuldades, principalmente, em retirar informações do mapa e na leitura dos pontos cardeais. No segundo momento foi apresentada uma proposta de material didático utilizando a projeção cartográfica encontrada em jogos digitais, junto com a professora responsável pelas aulas de Geografia do 9º ano, da escola E. E Professora Josepha Cubas da Silva, situada no município de Ourinhos/SP. Nesta etapa analisou-se que os alunos, em sua maioria, conseguiram extrair as informações do mapa do jogo para responder as questões do questionário final. No momento final foram tabulados os resultados encontrados durante esta pesquisa. A metodologia usada baseou-se na pesquisa bibliográfica que é pertinente para a discussão sobre o tema proposto e a pesquisa-ação que consiste na parte empírica do trabalho realizado em sala de aula e produção do material didático empregado dentro de sala de aula. Palavras-chave: Ensino de Geografia; cartografia; jogos digitais. ABSTRACT This work aimed to propose a different approach to the teaching of Geography with respect to the cognitive knowledge of the interpretation of maps using cartographic representations derived from digital games. In the first instance a questionnaire was applied to know the degree of difficulty of the students in the reading of a map, and from this investigation it was verified that the students presented difficulties, mainly, to remove information from the map and in the reading of the cardinal points. In the second moment, a proposal of didactic material was presented using the cartographic projection found in digital games, together with the teacher responsible for the 9th grade Geography classes, of the school E. E Professor Josepha Cubas da Silva, located in the municipality of Ourinhos/SP. At this stage it was analyzed that the students, for the most part, were able to extract the information from the game map to answer the questions of the final questionnaire. At the final moment we tabulated the results found during this research. The methodology used was based on the bibliographic research that is pertinent to the discussion about the proposed theme and the action research that consists of the empirical part of the work done in the classroom and production of didactic material used in the classroom. Keywords: Geography teaching; cartography; digital games. SUMÁRIO 1. INTRODUÇÃO E JUSTIFICATIVA .......................................................................... 9 1.1 Objetivos .......................................................................................................... 10 2. RERENCIAL TEÓRICO-CONCEITUAL DO TRABALHO ..................................... 11 2.1 Noções espaciais enquanto eixo norteador ..................................................... 11 2.2.1 Ensino de Cartografia e a importância dos mapas ....................................... 16 2.2.2 Cartografia multimídia: uma nova forma de ensinar ..................................... 19 2.3 Jogos digitais e a educação ............................................................................ 31 3. PROCEDIMENTOS METODOLÓGICOS .............................................................. 45 3.1 Jogos de simulação: SimCity 5 ........................................................................ 46 4. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÕES ........................................................................... 53 5. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS .................................................................................. 60 REFERÊNCIAS ......................................................................................................... 62 BIBLIOGRAFIA CONSULTADA ............................................................................. 62 ANEXO ...................................................................................................................... 64 9 1. INTRODUÇÃO E JUSTIFICATIVA A noção espacial de uma pessoa começa a se desenvolver já na infância, bem antes do início vida escolar. A partir da brincadeira, imitação, desenho e jogo a criança conhece o espaço em que vive. Ao entrar na escola, a criança vai ser apresentada a uma forma de ilustrar essa organização espacial, por meio das representações cartográficas, globo terrestre, mapa, carta e por imagem. A representação cartográfica tem como foco trabalhar o mapa, que se configura como um documento de comunicação, análise, observação e investigação, que permite ao leitor retirar as informações
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