Organics Exposure in Orbit (Oreocube): a Next-Generation Space Exposure Platform Andreas Elsaesser,*,† Richard C
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Messengers from Outer Space
The complete absence of national laboratories for standardizing radiation measurements and the lack of physics departments in most radiotherapy centres in Latin America warrant the setting up of one or more regional dosimetry facilities, the functions of which would be primarily to calibrate dosimeters; to provide local technical assistance by means of trained staff; to check radiation equipment and dosimeters; to arrange a dose-intercomparison service; and to co-operate with local personnel dosimetry services. To be most effective, this activity should be in the charge of local personnel, with some initial assistance in the form of equipment and experts provided by the Agency. Although the recommendations were presented to the IAEA as the or ganization responsible for the setting up of the panel, the participants re commended that the co-operation of the World Health Organization and the Pan-American Health Organization should be invited. It was also suggested that the panel report be circulated to public health authorities in the countries represented. MESSENGERS FROM OUTER SPACE Although no evidence has yet been confirmed of living beings reaching the earth from space, it has been estimated that hundreds of tons of solid matter arrive every day in the form of meteorites or cosmic dust particles. Much is destroyed by heat in the atmosphere but fragments recovered can give valuable information about what has been happening in the universe for billions of years. Some of the results of worldwide research on meteorites were given at a symposium in Vienna during August. During six days of discussions a total of 73 scientific papers was present ed and a special meeting was held for the purpose of improving international co-operation in the research. -
Second Annual NASA Ames Space Science and Astrobiology Jamboree
Second Annual NASA Ames Space Science and Astrobiology Jamboree March 4, 2014 Welcome to the Second Annual Ames Space Sciences and Astrobiology Jamboree! The Space Science and Astrobiology Division at NASA Ames Research Center consists of over 50 civil servants and more than 110 contractors, co-ops, post-docs and associates. Researchers in the division are pursuing investigations in a variety of fields including exoplanets, planetary science, astrobiology and astrophysics. In addition, division personnel support a wide variety of NASA missions including (but not limited to) Kepler, SOFIA, LADEE, JWST, and New Horizons. With such a wide variety of interesting research going on, distributed among three branches in at least 5 different buildings, it can be difficult to stay abreast of what one’s fellow researchers are doing. Our goal in organizing this symposium is to facilitate communication and collaboration among the scientists within the division, and to give center management and other ARC researchers and engineers an opportunity to see what scientific research and science mission work is being done in the division. We also wanted to continue a new tradition created last year within the Space Science and Astrobiology Division to honor one senior and one early career scientist with the Pollack Lecture and the Early Career Lecture, respectively. With the Pollack Lecture, our intent is to select a senior researcher who has made significant contributions to any area of research within the space sciences, and we are pleased to honor Dr. Jeff Cuzzi this year. With the Early Career Lecture, our intent is to select a young researcher within the division who, by their published scientific papers, shows great promise for the future in any area of space science research, and we are pleased to honor Dr. -
DMC Grants Since Inception.Xlsm
Grants Since Inception as of April 7, 2020 Grant Total Grant Board Approval Organization Name Number Grant Purpose Amount September Wayne State University School of 20131771 Support for the Henry L. Brasza Endowed $ 51,885.00 2013 Medicine Directorship of the Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics to link the understanding of diabetes and its complications at the molecular level with clinical investigations into the strategies to treat, Wayne State University School of 20131772 Supportprevent and for thecure Marie diabetes E. Brasza Endowed Chair in $ 51,255.00 Medicine Gynecologic Oncology to advance research involving cancer of the ovaries, cervix and uterus Wayne State University School of 20131774 Support for the Lambert/Webber Endowed Chair for $ 121,907.00 Medicine Hematology/Oncology to support research Wayne State University School of 20131775 Support for the Parker-Webber Endowed Chair in $ 84,414.00 Medicine Neurology for academic pursuits and neurological research by the individual named to hold the chair Wayne State University School of 20131776 Support for the Dong H. Shin, M.D., Ph.D. Endowed $ 31,277.00 Medicine Professorship in Ophthalmology & Glaucoma Research for glaucoma research. education or Wayne State University School of 20131777 Supportpatient care for theactivities Fann Srere Endowed Chair in $ 74,268.00 Medicine Perinatal Medicine for development, maintenance and application of services and programs to benefit pregnant women and newborn infants, and to facilitate innovative perinatal research Grants Since Inception as of April 7, 2020 Grant Total Grant Board Approval Organization Name Number Grant Purpose Amount Wayne State University School of 20131778 Support for the Edward S. -
The Water on Mars Vanished. This Might Be Where It Went
The water on Mars vanished. This might be where it went. timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/science/the-water-on-mars-vanished-this-might-be-where- it-went-/articleshow/81599751.cms NYT News Service | Mar 20, 2021, 10:32 IST Mars was once wet, with an ocean’s worth of water on its surface. Today, most of Mars is as dry as a desert except for ice deposits in its polar regions. Where did the rest of the water go? Some of it disappeared into space. Water molecules, pummeled by particles of solar wind, broke apart into hydrogen and oxygen atoms, and those, especially the lighter hydrogen atoms, sped out of the atmosphere, lost to outer space. A tall outcropping of rock, with layered deposits of sediments in the distance, marking a remnant of an ancient, long-vanished river delta in Jezero Crater, are pictured in this undated image taken by NASA's Mars rover Perseverance. (Reuters) But most of the water, a new study concludes, went down, sucked into the red planet’s rocks. And there it remains, trapped within minerals and salts. Indeed, as much as 99% of the water that once flowed on Mars could still be there, the researchers estimated in a paper published this week in the journal Science. Data from the past two decades of robotic missions to Mars, including NASA ’s Curiosity rover and the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, showed a wide distribution of what geologists call hydrated minerals. “It became very, very clear that it was common and not rare to find evidence of water alteration,” said Bethany Ehlmann, a professor of planetary science at the California Institute of Technology and one of the authors of the paper. -
Radiation Exposure and Mission Strategies for Interplanetary Manned Mission
Radiation Exposure and Mission Strategies for Interplanetary Manned Mission Radiation Hazard and Space Weather Warning System WP 5000 Final Version: 14 December 2004 Compiled by Claire Foullon1, Andrew Holmes-Siedle2, Norma Bock Crosby1, Daniel Heynderickx1 1 Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy Ringlaan-3-Avenue Circulaire 1180 Brussels, Belgium 2 REM OXFORD Ltd. 64A Acre End St. Eynsham, Oxford OX29 4PD, England INTRODUCTION Radiation protection is a prime issue for space station operations, for extended missions to planets in our solar system (e.g. Mars), or for a return visit to the Moon. The radiation environment encountered by solar system missions mainly consists of the following components: 1. Trapped radiation in the Earth’s Van Allen Belts and in the magnetosphere of Jupiter 2. Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) background radiation 3. Solar Energetic Particle Events – Solar Proton Events (SPEs) Along with the continuous GCR background, SPEs constitute the main hazard for interplanetary missions. Up to now, prediction of SPE events is not possible. Future interplanetary manned missions will need to consider solar activity (e.g. solar flares, coronal mass ejections, …) very carefully due to the obvious detrimental effects of radiation on humans. Very high doses during the transit phase of a mission can result in radiation sickness or even death. This is equally true for extended visits to surfaces of other planets (for example to Mars) and moons lacking a strong magnetic field capable of deflecting solar particles. The risk of developing cancer several years after a mission is somewhat more difficult to quantify, but must also be considered in mission planning. -
The Protection of Frequencies for Radio Astronomy 1
JOURNAL OF RESEARCH of the National Bureau of Standards-D. Radio Propagation Vol. 67D, No. 2, March- April 1963 b The Protection of Frequencies for Radio Astronomy 1 R. 1. Smith-Rose President, International Scientific Radio Union (R eceived November 5, 1962) The International T elecommunications Union in its Geneva, 1959 R adio R egulations r recognises the Radio Astronomy Service in t he two following definitions: N o. 74 Radio A st1" onomy: Astronomy based on t he reception of waves of cos mi c origin. No. 75 R adio A st1"onomy Se1"vice: A service involving the use of radio astronomy. This service differs, however, from other r adio services in two important respects. 1. It does not itself originate any radio waves, and therefore causes no interference to any other service. L 2. A large proportion of its activity is conducted by the use of reception techniques which are several orders of magnit ude )]).ore sensitive than those used in other ra dio services. In order to pursue his scientific r esearch successfully, t he radio astronomer seeks pro tection from interference first, in a number of bands of frequencies distributed t hroughout I t he s p ~ct run:; and secondly:. 1~10r e complete and s p ec i~c prote.ction fOl: t he exact frequency bands III whIch natural radIatIOn from, or absorptIOn lD, cosmIc gases IS known or expected to occur. The International R egulations referred to above give an exclusive all ocation to one freq uency band only- the emission line of h ydrogen at 1400 to 1427 Mc/s. -
Efficient Radar Forward Operator for Operational Data Assimilation
Efficient Radar Forward Operator for Operational Data Assimilation within the COSMO-model Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines DOKTORS DER NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN von der Fakultät für Physik des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie (KIT) genehmigte DISSERTATION von Dipl.-Math. Yuefei Zeng aus Fujian, China Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 05.07.2013 Referent: Prof. Dr. Klaus D. Beheng Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Christoph Kottmeier Abstract The new weather radar network of the German Weather Service (DWD) will, after its complete update in 2014, comprise 17 dual-polarimetric C-Band Doppler radars evenly distributed throughout Germany for complete coverage. They provide unique 3-dimensional information about dynamical and microphysical characteristics of precipi- tating clouds in high spatial and temporal resolutions. Up to now, these data are not used in the operational COSMO-model of DWD except within the framework of the latent heat nudging and for a simple nudging method of Doppler velocity. Future applications are, however, planned to take better advantage of radar data within an upcoming new 4-Dimensional Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (4D-LETKF) data assimilation system, which will be based on the operational convective-scale ensemble prediction system (EPS) COSMO-DE-EPS (grid spacing of 2.8 km, rapid update cycle, Central Europe domain). It is assumed that the assimilation of weather radar data is a promising means for improvements of short-term precipitation forecasts, especially in convective situations. However, the observed quantities (reflectivity, Doppler velocity and polarization prop- erties) are not directly comparable to the prognostic variables of the numerical model. In order to, on one hand, enable radar data assimilation in the framework of the above- mentioned 4D-LETKF-assimilation system and, on the other hand, to facilitate compar- isons of numerical simulations with radar observations in the context of cloud micro- physics verification, a comprehensive modular radar forward operator has been developed. -
18Th EANA Conference European Astrobiology Network Association
18th EANA Conference European Astrobiology Network Association Abstract book 24-28 September 2018 Freie Universität Berlin, Germany Sponsors: Detectability of biosignatures in martian sedimentary systems A. H. Stevens1, A. McDonald2, and C. S. Cockell1 (1) UK Centre for Astrobiology, University of Edinburgh, UK ([email protected]) (2) Bioimaging Facility, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, UK Presentation: Tuesday 12:45-13:00 Session: Traces of life, biosignatures, life detection Abstract: Some of the most promising potential sampling sites for astrobiology are the numerous sedimentary areas on Mars such as those explored by MSL. As sedimentary systems have a high relative likelihood to have been habitable in the past and are known on Earth to preserve biosignatures well, the remains of martian sedimentary systems are an attractive target for exploration, for example by sample return caching rovers [1]. To learn how best to look for evidence of life in these environments, we must carefully understand their context. While recent measurements have raised the upper limit for organic carbon measured in martian sediments [2], our exploration to date shows no evidence for a terrestrial-like biosphere on Mars. We used an analogue of a martian mudstone (Y-Mars[3]) to investigate how best to look for biosignatures in martian sedimentary environments. The mudstone was inoculated with a relevant microbial community and cultured over several months under martian conditions to select for the most Mars-relevant microbes. We sequenced the microbial community over a number of transfers to try and understand what types microbes might be expected to exist in these environments and assess whether they might leave behind any specific biosignatures. -
What Are Cosmic Rays?!
WhatWWhatWhhaatt areaarearree CosmicCCosmicCoossmmiicc Rays?!RRays?!Raayyss??!! By Hayanon Translated by Y. Noda and Y. Kamide Supervised by Y. Muraki ᵶᵶᵋᵰᵿᶗᶑᵘᴾᴾᵱᶇᶀᶊᶇᶌᶅᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᵡᶍᶑᶋᶇᶁᴾᵰᵿᶗᶑᵋᵰᵿᶗᶑᵘᵘᴾᴾᵱᶇᶀᶊᶊᶇᶌᶅᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᵡᶍᶑᶋᶇᶁᴾᵰᵿᶗᶑ Have you ever had an X-ray examination Scientists identified three types at the hospital? In 1896, a German of radiation: positively-charged alpha physicist, W. C. Röntgen, astonished people particles, negatively-charged beta particles, with an image of bones captured through and uncharged gamma rays. In 1903, M. the use of X-rays. He had just discovered Curie along with her husband, P. Curie, and the new type of rays emitted by a discharge Becquerel, won the Nobel prize in physics. device. He named them X-rays. Because Furthermore, M. Curie was awarded the of their high penetration ability, they are Nobel prize in chemistry in 1911. able to pass through flesh. Soon after, it Certain types of radiation including was found that excessive use of X-rays can X-rays are now used for many medical cause harm to bodies. purposes including examining inside the In that same year, a French scientist, body, treating cancer, and more. Radiation, A. H. Becquerel, found that a uranium however, could be harmful unless the compound also gave off mysterious rays. amount of radiation exposure is strictly To his surprise, they could penetrate controlled. wrapping paper and expose a photographic The work with radium by M. Curie later film generating an image of the uranium led to the breakthrough discovery of compound. The uranium rays had similar the radiation coming from space. These characteristics as those of X-rays, but were cosmic rays were discovered by an Austrian determined to be different from them. -
Open Research Online Oro.Open.Ac.Uk
Open Research Online The Open University’s repository of research publications and other research outputs Oxia Planum: The Landing Site for the ExoMars “Rosalind Franklin” Rover Mission: Geological Context and Prelanding Interpretation Journal Item How to cite: Quantin-Nataf, Cathy; Carter, John; Mandon, Lucia; Thollot, Patrick; Balme, Matthew; Volat, Matthieu; Pan, Lu; Loizeau, Damien; Millot, Cédric; Breton, Sylvain; Dehouck, Erwin; Fawdon, Peter; Gupta, Sanjeev; Davis, Joel; Grindrod, Peter M.; Pacifici, Andrea; Bultel, Benjamin; Allemand, Pascal; Ody, Anouck; Lozach, Loic and Broyer, Jordan (2021). Oxia Planum: The Landing Site for the ExoMars “Rosalind Franklin” Rover Mission: Geological Context and Prelanding Interpretation. Astrobiology, 21(3) For guidance on citations see FAQs. c 2020 Cathy Quantin-Nataf et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Version: Version of Record Link(s) to article on publisher’s website: http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1089/ast.2019.2191 Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online’s data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page. oro.open.ac.uk ASTROBIOLOGY Volume 21, Number 3, 2021 Research Article Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. DOI: 10.1089/ast.2019.2191 Oxia Planum: The Landing Site for the ExoMars ‘‘Rosalind Franklin’’ Rover Mission: Geological Context and Prelanding Interpretation Cathy Quantin-Nataf,1 John Carter,2 Lucia Mandon,1 Patrick Thollot,1 Matthew Balme,3 Matthieu Volat,1 Lu Pan,1 Damien Loizeau,1,2 Ce´dric Millot,1 Sylvain Breton,1 Erwin Dehouck,1 Peter Fawdon,3 Sanjeev Gupta,4 Joel Davis,5 Peter M. -
121012-AAS-221 Program-14-ALL, Page 253 @ Preflight
221ST MEETING OF THE AMERICAN ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY 6-10 January 2013 LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA Scientific sessions will be held at the: Long Beach Convention Center 300 E. Ocean Blvd. COUNCIL.......................... 2 Long Beach, CA 90802 AAS Paper Sorters EXHIBITORS..................... 4 Aubra Anthony ATTENDEE Alan Boss SERVICES.......................... 9 Blaise Canzian Joanna Corby SCHEDULE.....................12 Rupert Croft Shantanu Desai SATURDAY.....................28 Rick Fienberg Bernhard Fleck SUNDAY..........................30 Erika Grundstrom Nimish P. Hathi MONDAY........................37 Ann Hornschemeier Suzanne H. Jacoby TUESDAY........................98 Bethany Johns Sebastien Lepine WEDNESDAY.............. 158 Katharina Lodders Kevin Marvel THURSDAY.................. 213 Karen Masters Bryan Miller AUTHOR INDEX ........ 245 Nancy Morrison Judit Ries Michael Rutkowski Allyn Smith Joe Tenn Session Numbering Key 100’s Monday 200’s Tuesday 300’s Wednesday 400’s Thursday Sessions are numbered in the Program Book by day and time. Changes after 27 November 2012 are included only in the online program materials. 1 AAS Officers & Councilors Officers Councilors President (2012-2014) (2009-2012) David J. Helfand Quest Univ. Canada Edward F. Guinan Villanova Univ. [email protected] [email protected] PAST President (2012-2013) Patricia Knezek NOAO/WIYN Observatory Debra Elmegreen Vassar College [email protected] [email protected] Robert Mathieu Univ. of Wisconsin Vice President (2009-2015) [email protected] Paula Szkody University of Washington [email protected] (2011-2014) Bruce Balick Univ. of Washington Vice-President (2010-2013) [email protected] Nicholas B. Suntzeff Texas A&M Univ. suntzeff@aas.org Eileen D. Friel Boston Univ. [email protected] Vice President (2011-2014) Edward B. Churchwell Univ. of Wisconsin Angela Speck Univ. of Missouri [email protected] [email protected] Treasurer (2011-2014) (2012-2015) Hervey (Peter) Stockman STScI Nancy S. -
6 FOTON RETRIEVABLE CAPSULES This Section Is Aimed at Providing New and Experienced Users with Basic Utilisation Information Regarding Foton Retrievable Capsules
6 FOTON RETRIEVABLE CAPSULES This section is aimed at providing new and experienced users with basic utilisation information regarding Foton retrievable capsules. It begins with an introduction to the Foton capsule. 6.1 Introduction to Foton Capsules 6.1.1 What Are Foton Capsules? Foton capsules (Figure 6-1 and Figure 6-2) are unmanned, retrievable capsules, derived from the design of the 1960’s Soviet Vostok manned spacecraft and the Zenit military reconnaissance satellite. These capsules are very similar to the Bion and Resurs-F satellites introduced by the Soviets in the 1970’s, for biological research and Earth natural resources investigation, respectively. The first Foton capsule was launched in 1985 as Cosmos 1645 and only with the fourth launch in 1988 was the spacecraft officially designated Foton (Foton-4). These capsules are launched into near-circular, low-earth orbits by a Soyuz-U rocket, providing researchers with gravity levels less than 10 -5 g, for missions lasting approximately 2 weeks. The earlier Foton missions were conceived primarily for materials science research, but later missions also began to include experiments in the fields of fluid physics, biology and radiation dosimetry. ESA’s participation in the Foton programme began in 1991 with a protein crystallisation experiment on-board Foton-7, followed by a further 35 experiments up to and including the Foton- 12 mission in 1999. In 2002, ESA provided a large number of experiments for the Foton-M1 mission (the first flight of an upgraded version of the Foton spacecraft). This mission ended in disaster when the Soyuz launcher rocket exploded shortly after lift-off due to a malfunction in one of its engines.