796.912 METHODS OF TEACHING ROTATION TO SKATER .S. Ivanova, T.V. Zayachuk, V.I. Volchkova Volga Region State Academy of Physical Culture, Sport and tourism, Kazan, Russia To contact the authors E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: This article describes a study conducted at Kazan figure skating school to develop methods of teaching rotations to young skaters. The method consists of teaching rotations on spinner, the study of the theoretical aspects of figure skating spins, figure skaters’ learning the basics of refereeing of rotational elements, a method of sound leading, improvement of spins technique. Key words: figure skating, rotation, methods. МЕТОДИКА ОБУЧЕНИЯ ФИГУРИСТОВ ВРАЩЕНИЯМ К.С. Иванова, Т.В. Заячук, В.И. Волчкова ФГБОУ ВО Поволжская государственная академия физической культуры, спорта и туризма, Казань, Россия Аннотация: В данной статье представлена методика обучения юных фигуристов вращениям. Методика заключа- ется в обучении вращениям на спинере, изучении фигуристами теоретических аспектов вращений и основ судейства вращательных элементов, использовании метода звуколидирования, совершен- ствовании техники исполнения вращений. Ключевые слова: фигурное катание, вращения, методика. INTRODUCTION sport of coordination possibilities and vestibular Figure skating is a hard-house sport (N.V. Ko- stability (H. Valgma, 1972; Y. Andrianov, 1984; K. tenko, 1999). This is due to the fact that a skater Medvedev, 1985; E. Great, 1990). skates, the blades of which have a very small area In modern fi gure skating, age of the fi rst big suc- of contact with the ice, but the ice is very hard cesses is 12-16 years, earlier than in most sports, and slippery. Skater must perform many differ- but one might achieve good results only after ent complex elements on the ice including multi- 9-10 years of intense trainings (V. Filin, N. Fomin, jumps, spins, which can often be accompanied by 1980). Therefore, due to the complications of errors and downs. sports equipment, reducing the duration of train- Advances in fi gure skating largely due to the re- ing to young skaters has high demands in terms sults of scientifi c research (V. Platonov, 1980; I. of the implementation of complex technical ele- Medvedev, 1985; Gros J, 1992 .; L. Nazarenko, ments. 1999). Therefore, from an athlete it requires a high Changes in fi gure skating, that have occurred in level of accuracy, speed, stability and compre- recent years, namely the introduction of the new hensive coordination of movements in time and judging system, and the increased demands on the space. level of technical skill of athletes, require the de- One characteristic of modern skating is a progres- velopment and scientifi c evidence of new, more sive complication of competitive programs. This advanced techniques used in sports training of process is developing, in particular, on the way skaters (A. Tikhomirov, 1978; N. Iroshnikov, 1978; of studying complex elements in coordination by T. Moskvina, 1980; A. Mishin, 1981; Z. Morozov, athletes and links of rotational character that is a 1983; Y. Andrianov, 1984; E. Great, 1990). strong irritant of the vestibular analyzer. There- Rotation, as well as jumps in fi gure skating has a fore, one of the specifi c features of fi gure skat- certain value depending on the level and the qual- ing is dependence of athletic performance in the ity of performance [4]. 88 : . № 2 ( 11), 2016 . / www.scienceandsport.ru In this regard, there is a need to develop meth- camel spin, layback spin); on complexity degree ods of teaching rotations to young skaters. The (simple, diffi cult); on one and two feet, jumps in purpose of research is to justify theoretically and rotations [2]. experimentally verify the effectiveness of teaching In each base position (standing, in gyroscope, a rotations methods to skaters. swallow, and a layback) are complex variations. Research objectives: There are four levels of diffi culty rotations: base, 1. To determine the level of performance of rota- fi rst, second, third, fourth. tions by skaters. The technical team determines the level of rota- 2. To develop a methodology for rotations training tion. Judges evaluate the quality of performance of of skaters. rotation. Terms are tougher every year and should To achieve the objectives the following methods have a high level of rotations, different variations are applied: of basic positions, change of edge, complex taps 1. Analysis of the scientifi c and methodological into the rotation to get high marks and levels. literature on the topic of the research. It is important to perform all the complex posi- 2. Analysis of the pedagogical documentation. tions, change of the edge, sophisticated approach- 3. Teacher’s observation. es qualitatively otherwise a technical team will ig- 4. Teaching experiment. nore the complexity of the line, and the level of 5. Testing. rotation will be lower. 6. Mathematical and statistical methods. The challenge of a skater is not only to get a cer- Theoretical and methodological basis of the re- tain level in the rotation, but the judges appreciat- search consists of modern scientifi c understand- ed the element by plus. Judges estimate each item ing of the full and harmonious development of in the fi gure skating from -3 to +3, respectively, personality (M. Saraf, 1978; M. Vydrin, 1997; Y. than more judges evaluate the element on “+”, the Chernyshenko, 1998); basic theory and methods greater the total amount of points. of coordination abilities (V. Nazarov, 1969; V. During the training and improvement of rotary el- Lyakh, 1983, 1986, 1989; I. Suleymanov, 1986); ements, it is necessary to use a complex of means theoretical basis for the development of youth and methods of sports training: sport (L. Nazarenko, 1999; A. Yarullin, 1999; V. a) conversations, explanations, story, description; Yakobashvili, 2000); Theory and Methodology of b) display of technology of the studied move- fi gure skating (I. Medvedev, 1985; I. Absalyamo- ment; va, 1985; E. Grand, 1990; N. Kotenko, 1999; V. c) demonstration of videos; Aparin, 2000). e) sound leading; The scientifi c novelty of this work is to identify e) special exercise machines. effective tools and methods for teaching rotations During the studying and improvement of rotary contributing to quality performance of rotational elements, the working off as on ice, and an extra elements by young skaters at the stage of training ice platform is necessary. The important direc- preparation. tion in training of rotations out of ice is the fol- The study was conducted based on OR RCYSS lowing. of Figure Skating in Kazan. Ten athletes of the 1. Development of the following qualities of the training group OR RCYSS of Figure Skating were fi gure skater: development of the general and spe- involved to the study. cial fl exibility, power qualities, coordination. For In order to determine the level of rotation skat- obtaining a certain level of rotation, it is necessary ers we divided the athletes into a control and an to be able to execute diffi cult variations of rotary experimental groups. elements. The diffi cult variation of a position of It is worth to note that rotation of fi gure skater is rotation is the movement of the part of a body, a long rotary motion round vertical axis without a foot, a hand, a brush, and the head, which de- noticeable movement in a point of support. There mands physical force or fl exibility and infl uences is a classifi cation in this way: in the direction of balance of a body. rotation; on a rotation pose (up spin, seed spin, 2. Improvement of rotations on a spinner. : . № 2 ( 11), 2016 . / www.scienceandsport.ru 89 3. Studying by fi gure skaters of theoretical aspects the athlete is capable to establish rotation center- of rotations. ing, the higher an execution speed. The correct co- 4. Studying by athletes of bases of refereeing ro- ordination of movements develops at athletes in tary to elements (determination of level of rota- the course of improvement of functions of ves- tion and GOE). tibular, muscular and visual analyzers, which are 5. Improvement of technology of execution of operated by the central nervous system. Irreplace- rotations. able means of improvement of rotations are train- Good fl exibility expands possibilities of range ings with sight shutdown. Closing eyes, the fi gure of mobility in joints, improves coordination of skater carries out the demanded rotation. Thus, movements that helps to improve workmanship activity of motive, vestibular, tactile and acousti- of rotations in the competitive program. For cal analyzers becomes aggravated. Such exercises the smallest resistance to the fi gure skater it is increase stability of skill, do performance of rota- necessary with little effort to be able to accept a tions surer and stable. necessary position of a rotary element. At devel- Doing rotations on a spinner is the exercise ma- opment of fl exibility, it is necessary to combine chine for performance of rotations. It helps to exercises for development of passive fl exibility learn to execute rotations on ice, using trainings (twine, moves, etc.) with exercises for develop- in a hall. Spinner models scientifi cally a skate edge ment of active fl exibility. For example, it is expe- on the ice, moves just as an edge, but on the fl oor, dient to apply the weighting compound attached a tile, cement or the carpet with a short pile. At to foot of a free foot to improvement of the situ- rotation on this exercise machine, it is possible to ation "swallow": it allows to achieve good results fulfi ll position accuracy in a rotation and to feel at development as passive fl exibility (perform- centering of a rotary element. ance of moving back), and active (deduction of In training of fi gure skaters, an important role a free foot with freight in the demanded pose).