DOCSLIB.ORG

Factors Associated with Overweight and Obesity in Mexican School-Age Children: Results from the National Nutrition Survey 1999

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Factors Associated with Overweight and Obesity in Mexican School-Age Children: Results from the National Nutrition Survey 1999 Obesity in Mexican school-age children ORIGINAL ARTICLE Factors associated with overweight and obesity in Mexican school-age children: Results from the National Nutrition Survey 1999 Bernardo Hernández, DSc,(1) Lucía Cuevas-Nasu, BSc,(2) Teresa Shamah-Levy, BSc,(2) Eric A Monterrubio, BSc,(2) Claudia Ivonne Ramírez-Silva, BSc,(2) Raquel García-Feregrino, BSc,(2) Juan A Rivera, MS, PhD,(2) Jaime Sepúlveda-Amor, MD, DSc.(3) Hernández B, Cuevas-Nasu L, Shamah-Levy T, Hernández B, Cuevas-Nasu L, Shamah-Levy T, Monterrubio EA, Ramírez-Silva CI, Monterrubio EA, Ramírez-Silva CI, García-Feregrino R, Rivera JA, Sepúlveda-Amor J. García-Feregrino R, Rivera JA, Sepúlveda-Amor J. Factors associated with overweight and obesity Factores asociados con sobrepeso y obesidad in Mexican school-age children: en niños mexicanos de edad escolar: Results from the National Nutrition Survey 1999. resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Nutrición, 1999. Salud Publica Mex 2003;45 suppl 4:S551-S557. Salud Publica Mex 2003;45 supl 4:S551-S557. The English version of this paper is available too at: El texto completo en inglés de este artículo también http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html está disponible en: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html Abstract Resumen Objective. The objective of the study was to measure the Objetivo. Documentar las prevalencias de sobrepeso y prevalence of overweight and obesity in Mexican school- obesidad en niños mexicanos en edad escolar (5 a 11 años age children (5-11 years) in the National Nutrition Survey de edad) obtenidas de la Encuesta Nacional de Nutrición 1999 (NNS-1999). Material and Methods. Overweight en 1999 (ENN-1999). Material y métodos. El sobrepeso and obesity (defined as an excess of adipose tissue in the y la obesidad (definida como un exceso de tejido adiposo body) were evaluated through the Body Mass Index (BMI) en el organismo) se evaluaron a través del Indice de Masa in 10,901 children, using the standard proposed by the In- Corporal (IMC) en 10 901 niños, tomando como patrón de ternational Obesity Task Force. Sociodemographic variables referencia el propuesto por el International Obesity Task were obtained using a questionnaire administered to the Force. Las variables sociodemográficas se obtuvieron a partir children’s mothers. Results. The national prevalence of over- de un cuestionario aplicado a la madre del niño. Resul- weight and obesity was reported to be 19.5%. The highest tados. La prevalencia nacional de sobrepeso y obesidad fue prevalence figures were found in Mexico City (26.6%) and de 19.5%. Las prevalencias más altas se encontraron en la the North region (25.6%). When adjusting by region, rural Ciudad de México (26.6%) y en la región norte (25.6%). Al or urban area, sex, maternal schooling, socioeconomic status, ajustar por región, zona rural o urbana, sexo, escolaridad de indigenous ethnicity and age, the highest prevalences of la madre, nivel socioeconómico, edad e indigenismo, los overweight and obesity were found among girls. The risks mayores riesgos de sobrepeso y obesidad se encontraron of overweight and obesity were positively associated with en niñas; el riesgo de obesidad y sobrepeso se asoció posi- maternal schooling, children’s age and socioeconomic sta- tivamente con la escolaridad de la madre, con el nivel so- tus. Conclusions. Overweight and obesity are prevalent cioeconómico y con la edad de los escolares. Conclusiones. health problems in Mexican school-age children, particular- El sobrepeso y obesidad son problemas de salud de alta ly among girls, and positively associated with socioeconom- prevalencia en niños en edad escolar en México, especial- ic status, age, and maternal schooling. This is a major public mente en niñas, y se asocia positivamente con el nivel so- health problem requiring preventive interventions to avoid cioeconómico, la edad de los escolares y la escolaridad de This survey was conducted with the support from the Secretaría de Salud. (1) Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. (2) Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. (3) Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. Received on: August 20, 2002 • Accepted on: September 18, 2003 Address reprint requests to: Dr. Bernardo Hernández, Director de Salud Reproductiva, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Avenida Universidad 655, colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán 62508 Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. E-mail: [email protected] salud pública de méxico / vol.45, suplemento 4 de 2003 S551 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Hernández B et al future health consequences. The English version of this pa- las madres. Este es un problema de salud pública que re- per is available too at: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html quiere acciones de prevención para evitar riesgos en la sa- lud en un futuro. El texto completo en inglés de este artículo también está disponible en: http://www.insp.mx/salud/ index.html Key words: nutritional surveys; body mass index; overweight; Palabras clave: encuestas nutricionales; índice de masa cor- obesity; school-age children; Mexico poral; sobrepeso; obesidad; niños en edad escolar; México besity, defined as an excess of adipose tissue in school-age children, as measured by the National Nu- O the body, is currently considered a public health trition Survey 1999 (NNS-1999). This survey is repre- problem worldwide.1,2-5 In Latin America, the preva- sentative at the country level and includes four regions lence of obesity has greatly increased in all population and urban and rural areas of Mexico. The prevalence groups, particularly in low socioeconomic level popu- of obesity and its association with sociodemographic lations.6-8 Women of reproductive age (12-49 years characteristics are analyzed to generate information old) and children <5 years are two population groups that should be useful for designing nutrition programs with a high prevalence of obesity.9-10 Moreover, some and interventions to prevent obesity. countries have reported an increasing prevalence of obesity in those population groups in the last two de- Material and Methods cades.11-13 In Mexico, several studies have documented a high Population and sample size prevalence of overweight and obesity.9,10,14 The Mexi- co City Urban Food and Nutrition Survey (Encuesta The study population consisted of Mexican school-age Urbana de Alimentación y Nutrición en la Zona Metro- children aged 5-11 years. Data were collected through politana de la Ciudad de México or ENURBAL 1995) the NNS-1999 conducted from October 1998 to March found a prevalence of overweight and obesity of 13.6% 1999 and included a probabilistic sample representa- among children <5 years of age.15 tive of the four regions and urban and rural areas of Childhood obesity is a common nutrition prob- Mexico (population over or under 2 500 inhabitants). lem –and therefore a public health problem– in devel- The study sample was selected from the National oped countries. Obesity statistics are available in Household Sampling Frame (Marco Muestral Nacio- Mexico at the country level for children <5 years of nal de Hogares) of the National Institute of Statistics, age and women of childbearing age.9,10,15 Although the Geography, and Informatics (Instituto Nacional de Es- precise prevalence of obesity in Mexican school-age tadística, Geografía e Informática, INEGI), using a children remains unknown, it is estimated to be high multistage, stratified, cluster sampling design. and is showing an upward trend.16 Available informa- The survey included 21 000 households, from which tion on the prevalence of obesity in school-age chil- 8 200 had a 5- to 11-year-old school-age population dren comes from small studies; for example, in two currently living there. The non-response rate was 7.6% areas of Mexico City the prevalence of overweight and for this population group, leaving a sample of 11 415 obesity among children aged 10-15 years was ap- school-age children. Only school-age children of families proximately 24% in 1998.17 who refused to participate were excluded. Further studies have documented an association between childhood obesity and the risk of adult obe- Study design sity18 as well as the risk of chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes (due to hyperinsulinemia), A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular disease, and prevalence of overweight and obesity and its associa- cancer.19-22 tion with sociodemographic characteristics in children There is a dearth of information on the nutritional aged 5-11 years. The Body Mass Index (BMI= weight status of the school-age population at the country lev- kg/height m2) was utilized to measure the dependent el. To fill this gap, this paper aims at documenting the variables for overweight and obesity. To classify chil- prevalence of overweight and obesity in Mexican dren as being overweight or obese, we used the age S552 salud pública de méxico / vol.45, suplemento 4 de 2003 Obesity in Mexican school-age children ORIGINAL ARTICLE and sex specific cutoff points proposed by Cole et al, as weight and height values or implausible values were suggested by the International Obesity Task Force.23 checked and corrected. Implausible anthropometric These cutoff points are based on a reference population values were defined as BMI values <10 or >38. The fi- which includes data from different countries, and nal database contained all the study variables and in- generates BMI-specific centiles for children linked to cluded a sample of 10 901 school-age children. adult BMI cutoff points of 25 kg/m2 (overweight) and 30 kg/m2 (obesity). Analysis The independent variables were residence region North (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Coahuila, After exploratory data analysis, crude and adjusted Chihuahua, Durango, Nuevo León, Sonora, Tamau- odds ratios and relative risks with 95% confidence in- lipas), Center (Aguascalientes, Colima, Guanajuato, tervals were obtained, to identify risk factors associat- Jalisco, México (excluding suburban counties of Me- ed with overweight and obesity.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Health at a Glance 2017: OECD Indicators
    Health at a Glance 2017: OECD Indicators Health at a Glance provides the latest comparable data and trends on the performance of health systems in OECD countries. It provides striking evidence of large variations across countries in health status and health risks, as well as in the inputs and outputs of health systems. This edition contains a range of new indicators, particularly on risk factors for health. It also places greater emphasis on time trend analysis. Alongside indicator-by-indicator analysis, this edition offers snapshots and dashboard indicators that summarise the comparative performance of countries, and a special chapter on the main factors driving life expectancy gains. Overview of health system performance in Mexico Life expectancy in Mexico is one of the lowest across the OECD. This can be explained in part by the limited resources available for health, with consequent impacts on access and quality of care. High obesity rates are also a major public health concern. Nevertheless, important progress has been made, with life expectancy 14 years higher today than it was in 1970. The figure below shows how Mexico compares across these and other core indicators from Health at a Glance. Mexico – Relative performance compared to the OECD average 1 Standardisation of interquartile range excludes outliers (at least ±3 standard deviations from the average) that cause biased statistical distributions. 2 Includes measured and self- reported obesity rates. 3 Values for Australia and Canada are reported in median (rather than mean) number of days. AMI = acute myocardial infarction (heart attack), COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary (lung) disease, OOP = out-of-pocket payments.
    [Show full text]
  • Obesity Epidemic in Mexico. Foundations to Establish a Public Policy
    International Journal of Business and Management Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 – 8028, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 801X www.ijbmi.org || Volume 5 Issue 11 || November. 2016 || PP—64-76 Obesity epidemic in Mexico. Foundations to establish a Public Policy Mario Jesús Aguilar Camacho, Alma Rosa Tovar Vega, José Enrique Luna Correa, Emigdio Larios Gómez University of Guanajuato ABSTRACT: Is ensured that in Mexico, members of this generation will be the first to see our children die, and not by war, calamities or some natural disaster, but for chronic diseases caused by obesity. In short: Mexico suffers from a veritable public health epidemic. Mexico won in 2012 the first place in obesity worldwide. The fact is alarming, 7 out of 10 Mexicans over 15 are overweight or obese and the consumption of "junk food" is one of the main reasons for this. The consequences of obesity have already exceeded the response capacity of the public health system; for 2017 is expected that 170 billion pesos (13 billion dollars) will be required to fight them -all the budget of the Ministry of Health of federal government. Here are exposed the results of a multidisciplinary study, a documentary review and interviews with experts, in which some bases are proposed to establish a public policy that includes sanitary measures, preventive and corrective ones and the implementation of taxes on companies that produce, market or advertise non-nutritious foods; all aiming to stop this devastation. JEL- H51,H52.E62 Keyword: OBESITY, JUNK FOOD, PUBLIC FINANCE I. INTRODUCTION Consumption of foods called "junk food" (foods high in sugar, fat and salt) is most common in Mexico, and this has caused serious and intense public health problems that affect the physical performance of the people who consume them.
    [Show full text]
  • Beliefs About Causes and Consequences of Obesity Among Women in Two Mexican Cities
    J HEALTH POPUL NUTR 2012 Sep;30(3):311-316 ©INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR DIARRHOEAL ISSN 1606-0997 | $ 5.00+0.20 DISEASE RESEARCH, BANGLADESH Beliefs about Causes and Consequences of Obesity among Women in Two Mexican Cities Arturo Jiménez-Cruz1, Yolanda Martínez de Escobar-Aznar1, Octelina Castillo-Ruiz2, Raul Gonzalez-Ramirez3, Montserrat Bacardí-Gascón1 1Facultad de Medicina y Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexico; 2Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Reynosa-Aztlán, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, México; 3Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico ABSTRACT Personal beliefs might be barriers to the prevention and treatment of obesity. To assess the beliefs about causes and consequences of and possible solutions to obesity among 18-40 years old women in two Mexi- can cities and to analyze the association with demographic variables, we developed a questionnaire and assessed the women’s weight status. The questionnaire was applied at two outpatient healthcare centres and assessed the responses by the Likert scale. Results were analyzed by demographics, using the chi-square and Spearman correlations. One thousand one hundred adult women participated in the study. Mean age was 27.8 years, and mean BMI (kg/m2 ) was 27.05. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 35% and 24% respectively. The most mentioned causes of obesity were eating oil and fat (4.1), fried foods (4.1), and eating too much (4.00). The most reported consequences were diseases (4.1), discrimination (3.9), and early death (3.7). The main solutions were physical activity (4.2), healthful eating (4.2), and personal motivation (4.1).
    [Show full text]
  • “Mexico, Public Policy and Obesity in a Global Context” Daniela Carina Bermudez University of San Francisco, [email protected]
    The University of San Francisco USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center Master's Theses Theses, Dissertations, Capstones and Projects Winter 12-16-2016 “Mexico, Public Policy and Obesity in a Global Context” Daniela Carina Bermudez University of San Francisco, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.usfca.edu/thes Part of the Health Policy Commons, Latina/o Studies Commons, Politics and Social Change Commons, and the Public Policy Commons Recommended Citation Bermudez, Daniela Carina, "“Mexico, Public Policy and Obesity in a Global Context”" (2016). Master's Theses. 211. https://repository.usfca.edu/thes/211 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, Capstones and Projects at USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “Mexico, Public Policy and Obesity in a Global Context” A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences Master’s Program in International Studies University of San Francisco By Daniela C. Bermudez December 2016 “Mexico, Public Policy and Obesity in a Global Context” In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF ARTS in INTERNATIONAL STUDIES By Daniela C. Bermudez December 2016 UNIVERSITY OF SAN FRANCISCO Under guidance and approval of the committee, and approval by all the members, this thesis project has been accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree.
    [Show full text]
  • Overweight and Obesity Trends in Mexican Children 2 to 18 Years of Age from 1988 to 2006
    ORIGINAL ARTICLE Bonvecchio A et al. Overweight and obesity trends in Mexican children 2 to 18 years of age from 1988 to 2006 Anabelle Bonvecchio, MPH,(1) Margarita Safdie, MSc,(1) Eric A Monterrubio, MSc,(1) Tiffany Gust, MPH,(1) Salvador Villalpando, PhD,(1) Juan A Rivera, PhD.(1) Bonvecchio A, Safdie M, Monterrubio EA, Bonvecchio A, Safdie M, Monterrubio EA, Gust T, Villalpando S, Rivera JA. Gust T, Villalpando S, Rivera JA. Overweight and obesity trends in Mexican children Tendencias de sobrepeso y obesidad en niños mexicanos 2 to 18 years of age from 1988 to 2006. de 2 a 18 años de edad: 1988 a 2006. Salud Publica Mex 2009;51 suppl 4:S586-S594. Salud Publica Mex 2009;51 supl 4:S586-S594. Abstract Resumen Objective. To describe prevalences and trends of overweight Objetivo. Describir las prevalencias y tendencias de so- and obesity/OW&OB in Mexican children from 1988 to 2006 brepeso y obesidad (SPyO) en niños mexicanos, de 1988 a at the national level and by relevant subpopulations. Material 2006, en el ámbito nacional y por subgrupos relevantes de and Methods. Prevalences of OW&OB in children aged población. Material y métodos. Las prevalencias de SPyO 2-18 years were estimated using body mass index data from (peso no saludable) se estimaron usando cifras de índice de three national surveys conducted in 1988, 1999 and 2006. masa corporal de tres encuestas nacionales realizadas en Results. Prevalences of OW&OB are high in children of all 1988, 1999 y 2006. Resultados. Las prevalencias de SPyO son ages, particularly among school-age and adolescent groups altas en niños de todas las edades, particularmente en niños disaggregated by regions, socioeconomic status, urban and de edad escolar y adolescentes, estratificados por regiones, rural areas, and ethnic groups.
    [Show full text]
  • Obesity Prevalence in Mexico: Impact on Health and Economic Burden
    Public Health Nutrition: page 1 of 7 doi:10.1017/S1368980013000086 Obesity prevalence in Mexico: impact on health and economic burden Ketevan Rtveladze1,*, Tim Marsh1, Simon Barquera2, Luz Maria Sanchez Romero2, David Levy3, Guillermo Melendez4, Laura Webber1, Fanny Kilpi1, Klim McPherson5 and Martin Brown1 1Micro Health Simulations, Victoria House 7th Floor, Southampton Row, London WC1B 4AD, UK: 2Instituto Nacional de Salud Pu´blica, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Me´xico: 3Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA: 4Fundacio´n Mexicana para la Salud, Tlalpan, Me´xico DF: 5New College, Oxford, UK Submitted 3 July 2012: Final revision received 5 December 2012: Accepted 2 January 2013 Abstract Objective: Along with other countries having high and low-to-middle income, Mexico has experienced a substantial change in obesity rates. This rapid growth in obesity prevalence has led to high rates of obesity-related diseases and asso- ciated health-care costs. Design: Micro-simulation is used to project future BMI trends. Additionally thirteen BMI-related diseases and health-care costs are estimated. The results are simulated for three hypothetical scenarios: no BMI reduction and BMI reductions of 1 % and 5 % across the population. Setting: Mexican Health and Nutrition Surveys 1999 and 2000, and Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2006. Subjects: Mexican adults. Results: In 2010, 32 % of men and 26 % of women were normal weight. By 2050, the proportion of normal weight will decrease to 12 % and 9 % for males and females respectively, and more people will be obese than overweight. It is projected that by 2050 there will be 12 million cumulative incidence cases of diabetes and 8 million cumulative incidence cases of heart disease alone.
    [Show full text]
  • Prospective Study of the Link Between Overweight/Obesity and Diabetes Incidence Among Mexican Older Adults: 2001-2012
    Diabetes incidence and overweight/obesity ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL Prospective study of the link between overweight/obesity and diabetes incidence among Mexican older adults: 2001-2012 Guido Pinto, PhD,(1) Hiram Beltrán-Sánchez, PhD.(1) Pinto G, Beltrán-Sánchez H. Pinto G, Beltrán-Sánchez H. Prospective study of the link Estudio prospectivo de la asociación between overweight/obesity and diabetes incidence entre sobrepeso/obesidad e incidencia de diabetes among Mexican older adults: 2001-2012. en adultos mayores en México: 2001-2012. Salud Publica Mex 2015;57 suppl 1:S15-S21. Salud Publica Mex 2015;57 supl 1:S15-S21. Abstract Resumen Objective. To prospectively assess the relationship between Objetivo. Cuantificar prospectivamente la relación entre overweight/obesity and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus sobrepeso/obesidad e incidencia de diabetes entre mexicanos (T2DM) among Mexicans aged 50+, assessing effects of age, mayores de 50 años mediante la medición de los efectos de genetic predisposition, education, physical activity, and place of la edad, predisposición genética, educación, actividad física y residence. Materials and methods. The Mexican Health lugar de residencia. Material y métodos. Se utilizó el Estu- and Aging Study (MHAS) was used to prospectively follow dio Nacional de Salud y Envejecimiento en México (Enasem) respondents free of diabetes in 2001 who became diabetic para seguir a adultos mayores sin diabetes en 2001 y que se by 2012. Multivariate random effects logistic regression was convirtieron en diabéticos en 2012. Se utilizó el modelo de used to assess covariates effects on the incidence of T2DM. regresión logística de efectos aleatorios para cuantificar el Results. Obese or overweight individuals at baseline (2001) efecto de covariables en la incidencia de diabetes.
    [Show full text]
  • Obesity and Public Health in Mexico
    Home History Purchase Editorial Policy Directory Contact Search Index Versión Español Volume 49, Number 193, April-June 2018 O P H M: T H F S D P CONTENTS 1 EDITORIAL Felipe Torres and Agustín Rojas Date received: November 13, 2017. Date accepted: February 7, 2018. Abstract Excess weight and obesity are a major public health problem affecting Mexico’s economic development. Studying them from a medical or epidemiological approach has proved insufficient, given the size of the problem and myriad factors underlying it. It is therefore time to bring an economic perspective into the analysis to find the structural causes, looking at the ways food is eaten, which shape the hegemonic supply and demand patterns imposed by the globalization of the markets, infringing on local patterns. The empirical evidence shows that the shift from a traditional diet to an industrialized diet with high sugar content and refined flours has fueled the prevalence of this public health problem. Keywords: Food consumption, supply and demand, excess weight and obesity, food industry, public health. INTRODUCTION The signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) marked the beginning of skyrocketing excess weight and obesity in Mexico (Jacobs and Richtel, 2017), thanks to the new economic model, the changing food production and demand, as people migrated from rural areas to urban hubs, demographic growth concentrated largely in cities, and the so-called food transition. Obesity, to a greater extent, is no longer a purely sociocultural concern related to the aesthetic conservation of one’s figure, but has rather become a serious health problem derived from ailments related to excess weight and the accumulation of body fat (Vigarello, 2011).
    [Show full text]
  • Weight Gains from Trade in Foods: Evidence from Mexico
    DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 12677 Weight Gains from Trade in Foods: Evidence from Mexico Osea Giuntella Matthias Rieger Lorenzo Rotunno OCTOBER 2019 DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 12677 Weight Gains from Trade in Foods: Evidence from Mexico Osea Giuntella University of Pittsburgh and IZA Matthias Rieger Erasmus University Lorenzo Rotunno University of Marseille-Aix en Provence, CNRS, EHESS, Centrale Marseille, IRD and AMSE OCTOBER 2019 Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world’s largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. ISSN: 2365-9793 IZA – Institute of Labor Economics Schaumburg-Lippe-Straße 5–9 Phone: +49-228-3894-0 53113 Bonn, Germany Email: [email protected] www.iza.org IZA DP No. 12677 OCTOBER 2019 ABSTRACT Weight Gains from Trade in Foods: Evidence from Mexico* In this paper, we investigate the effects of trade in foods on obesity in Mexico.
    [Show full text]
  • Results from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2006
    Obesity in Mexican adults ORIGINAL ARTICLE Obesity and central adiposity in Mexican adults: results from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2006 Simón Barquera, MD, PhD,(1) Ismael Campos-Nonato, MD, MSc,(1) Lucía Hernández-Barrera, MSc,(1) Mario Flores, MD, MSc,(1) Ramón Durazo-Arvizu, PhD,(2) Rebecca Kanter, PhD,(3) Juan A Rivera, MSc, PhD. (1) Barquera S, Campos-Nonato I, Hernández-Barrera L, Barquera S, Campos-Nonato I, Hernández-Barrera L, Flores M, Durazo-Arvizu R, Kanter R, Rivera JA. Flores M, Durazo-Arvizu R, Kanter R, Rivera JA. Obesity and central adiposity in Mexican adults: Obesidad y adiposidad central en adultos mexicanos: results from the Mexican National Health resultados de la Encuesta Nacional and Nutrition Survey 2006. de Salud y Nutrición 2006. Salud Publica Mex 2009;51 suppl 4:S595-S603. Salud Publica Mex 2009;51 supl 4:S595-S603. Abstract Resumen Objective. To estimate the prevalence of overweight, obe- Objetivo. Estimar la prevalencia de sobrepeso, obesidad sity and central adiposity in Mexico, and to explore trends y adiposidad central en México, y explorar las tendencias, compared to the previous Mexican National Health Survey comparándola con la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2000 (ENSA (ENSA 2000) and to Mexican-Americans. Material and 2000) y con los mexicano-americanos. Material y métodos. Methods. The Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey La Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2006 (ENSANUT 2006 (ENSANUT 2006) was used to describe overweight, 2006) fue usada para describir la prevalencia de sobrepeso obesity and central adiposity. Trends over time were assessed y obesidad, asi como de adiposidad central.
    [Show full text]
  • Obesity Prevalence in Mexico: Impact on Health and Economic Burden
    Public Health Nutrition: 17(1), 233–239 doi:10.1017/S1368980013000086 Obesity prevalence in Mexico: impact on health and economic burden Ketevan Rtveladze1,*, Tim Marsh1, Simon Barquera2, Luz Maria Sanchez Romero2, David Levy3, Guillermo Melendez4, Laura Webber1, Fanny Kilpi1, Klim McPherson5 and Martin Brown1 1Micro Health Simulations, Victoria House 7th Floor, Southampton Row, London WC1B 4AD, UK: 2Instituto Nacional de Salud Pu´blica, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Me´xico: 3Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA: 4Fundacio´n Mexicana para la Salud, Tlalpan, Me´xico DF: 5New College, Oxford, UK Submitted 3 July 2012: Final revision received 5 December 2012: Accepted 2 January 2013: First published online 1 February 2013 Abstract Objective: Along with other countries having high and low-to-middle income, Mexico has experienced a substantial change in obesity rates. This rapid growth in obesity prevalence has led to high rates of obesity-related diseases and asso- ciated health-care costs. Design: Micro-simulation is used to project future BMI trends. Additionally thirteen BMI-related diseases and health-care costs are estimated. The results are simulated for three hypothetical scenarios: no BMI reduction and BMI reductions of 1 % and 5 % across the population. Setting: Mexican Health and Nutrition Surveys 1999 and 2000, and Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2006. Subjects: Mexican adults. Results: In 2010, 32 % of men and 26 % of women were normal weight. By 2050, the proportion of normal weight will decrease to 12 % and 9 % for males and females respectively, and more people will be obese than overweight. It is projected that by 2050 there will be 12 million cumulative incidence cases of diabetes and 8 million cumulative incidence cases of heart disease alone.
    [Show full text]
  • NAFTA Largely Responsible for the Obesity Epidemic in Mexico
    Washington University Journal of Law & Policy Volume 50 Toward a Healthy First Amendment 2016 NAFTA Largely Responsible for the Obesity Epidemic in Mexico Alana D. Siegel Washington University in St. Louis Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_journal_law_policy Part of the Antitrust and Trade Regulation Commons, Food and Drug Law Commons, and the Health Law and Policy Commons Recommended Citation Alana D. Siegel, NAFTA Largely Responsible for the Obesity Epidemic in Mexico, 50 WASH. U. J. L. & POL’Y 195 (2016), https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_journal_law_policy/vol50/iss1/9 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School at Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington University Journal of Law & Policy by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NAFTA Largely Responsible for the Obesity Epidemic in Mexico Alana D. Siegel INTRODUCTION Obesity has notoriously been an American problem.1 However, in 2013, Mexico surpassed the United States to become the most obese country in the world.2 There are a number of suspected causes for Mexico’s rise in the ranks. On a global scale, there is an increased availability of obesogenic foods, largely as a result of globalization trends such as “McDonaldization” and “Coca-Colonization.”3 In J.D. and M.B.A. (2017), Washington University in St. Louis; B.A. (2013), Lafayette College. 1. John P. Elder, Mexico and the USA: The World’s Leaders in the Obesity Epidemic, 55 SALUD PUBLICA DE MEXICO S355 (2013) (“[T]he United States until very recently has had the highest prevalence of adult obesity internationally (excepting countries with small populations such as Belize and Cook Islands).”).
    [Show full text]