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Aquatic Macrophytes of Khandwa Pond &Sendh Pond, Naya Raipur

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Aquatic Macrophytes of Khandwa Pond &Sendh Pond, Naya Raipur Indian J. Applied & Pure Bio. Vol. 32(2), 245-254 (2017). Aquatic Macrophytes of Khandwa pond &Sendh Pond, Naya Raipur, Chhattisgarh F.Bux1 and V.Acharya2 1Research Scholar, Department of Botany, Govt. D.B.G.P.G. College, Raipur-492 001 (India) email- [email protected] 2Asst. Professor, Department of Botany, Govt. D.B.G.P.G. College, Raipur-492001 (India) email- [email protected] Abstract The present study deals with the genuine findings and reporting of aquatic macrophytes in the ponds of Naya Raipur, Chhattisgarh. This work is a fruitful outcome of the study survey undertaken from January, 2014 to December 2016, which showcases the occurrence and distribution of the aquatic macrophytes in the selected ponds, and were classified according to their habit. Both the water bodies viz. Khandwa Pond & Sendh Pond comply to be persistently water- charged all the year round thereby thriving its vegetation which includes Scirpus articulatus, Hydrilla verticillata, Marsilea minuta, Ipomoea aquatica are certain species to name a few. The study records the occurrence of 66 angiospermic, 2 Algal, and 3 Pteridophytic taxa, which would serve as the baseline data for the region. Terrestrial environs do not have the eyes3. Certainly they are characterized by their similar set of properties as aquatic does, which less rigid structure, few or no stomata on the is depicted by the aquatic biota and its aerial parts or leaves, less organized roots, composition, comparatively water is a denser fleshy turgid leaves and stem. They mostly and viscid medium than air. Being the elixir of inhabit ponds, tanks, lake, wetlands, life, water also supports many plant life forms. temporarily flooded areas such as paddy fields, The term ‘macrophytes’ is commonly used for swamps etc., and are adapted to aquatic-life all macroscopic forms of aquatic vegetation22 which is been depicted by their adaptive which require accurate environmental and structure(s) both anatomical and ecological state of affairs for their existence. morphological. Undoubtedly, aquatic plants Aquatic macrophytes are considered to be have originated from terrestrial plants15. The large plants of the water-bodies which could aquatic macrophytes have been classified comparatively be distinguished from other plant differently by different workers as per their life forms, as they are visible by our naked purpose and findings. Macrophytes are (246) considered to provide abode for the aquatic 81°47’18"E long. Oomen11. Which spreads invertebrates including the aquatic avian fauna. over an area of about 8000 hectares &includes Aquatic plants are the provider of food, (either 41 villages. A lot of water bodies in the form directly or indirectly) for the grazing birds like of ponds, lakes, and irrigation canals are also coots13 and ducks which feed on the roots and present in this area. shoots of macrophytes, provide the shelter needed by the aquatic organisms (like The summer temperature ranges from zooplanktons and certain insects), also act as 30oC to 48oC and winter temperature from 5oC a preferred habitat for Pisces. A good number to 25oC. Rainfall is mostly due South-West of macrophytes also act as bio-indicators monsoon which commences from mid of June depicting the health of an aquatic ecosystem and prevails till the last week of September. The and its continuance. The source of nutrient study was undertaken at two sites in the Naya supply to the macrophytes is mainly through Raipur area of Chhattisgarh, India. First site the sediments and the water source. Aquatic is Khandwa Pond in the Jungle Safari area, macrophytes had been studied by various the second site is SendhPond. workers including Arber1, Biswas & Calder2, Fassett6, Subramanyam18, Cook5, Tiwari19, Khandwa Pond (Kh) was developed Unni20. Sinha & Naik17 studied the marshy and around 35-36 yrs ago as a freshwater resource aquatic vegetation of Raipur area. to cater the need of irrigation in the areas surrounding, later this was constructed into a Study area : stop-dam, with water-canals. It lies between Chhattisgarh was declared a newly 21°05´42´´N & 21°6´18´´ N to 81°46´12´´E & formed state of India out of Madhya Pradesh, 81°47´12´´E, at Sector 39. Presently this water-body is included in the Jungle Safari, India on 1st November, 2000. It lies between Naya Raipur, Chhattisgarh. The infiltration of 17o46’N to 24o5’N latitude and from 80o15’E o the water into this water body is from surface- to 84 46’E longitude. After the formation of water runoffs during rainy season, and also new state Chhattisgarh in the year 2000, the from the water-runoffs and soil water state government has declared to create a percolation from the water-bodies lying in the well-planned new city for Raipur. So a new nearby areas of Bhelwadih village and special area has been notified under Section Abhanpur block too. This pond harbours a 64 of Nagar Tatha Gramnivesh Adhiniyam, large community of aquatic macrophytes, 1973. Naya Raipur (New Raipur) is the new along-with other aquatic life forms, viz. fishes, capital city of Chhattisgarh, India. It lies 15 aquatic avian fauna, insects, etc. which km away to the south-east of Raipur and is form a part of the aquatic ecosystem of the divided into three layers: Layer I (The region. Proposed Naya Raipur (Area-80.13 sq.km.), Layer II (Naya Raipur Peripheral Region Sendh Pond (SL) is also a freshwater (NRPR) (Area-130.28 sq.km.), and Layer III area which lies at 21° 12´1´´ N &21°12´27´´N (Airport Zone (Area-11.92 sq.km.). Naya to 81° 48´36´´E & 81° 49´2´´E, at Sector 4 Raipur is located at 21°9’32"N lat.& behind the International Cricket Stadium, Naya (247) Not to Scale Not to Scale Study area Not to Scale Map: Naya Raipur Khandwa Dam, Naya Raipur Sendh Lake, Naya Raipur Courtsey: Google Earth Maps Courtsey: Google Earth maps (248) Raipur, Chhattisgarh. Many aquatic These type of macrophytes are regarded as macrophytes mark their presence in the region, ‘edge species’, which are prominently found this water-body also has room for other aquatic in amphibious forms. Being emergent they can life forms too. The infiltration of water into even survive in the submerged condition the lake is from surface run-offs during rains, adjacent to the shore-line of the waterbody. as this water body is in the low-lying area, in The bank of the water bodies are saturated addition, it does not dry up easily, rather water profusely with water beneath the soil. eg- level falls down during summers, which makes Scirpus articulatus and Butomopsis lanceolata the area more penetrable, this water level etc. recedes back during rainy season. Rooted submerged (RS)–These A detailed survey for study of the aquatic macrophytes bear roots which are anchored macrophytes in the study area was conducted in the water body’s substratum, with the whole from January 2014 to December 2016. plant submerged in the water (Hydrilla Collection of the macrophytes was done by verticillata). walking along the shore line of the water body. Rooted floating-leaved (RFL)-These Certain submerged macrophytes were types are equipped with roots for anchorage collected by wading into the shallow areas of in the muds and bear leaves which float/are the study sites using gumboot. The collected above the water surface (Marsilea minuta). plant specimens for identification were carefully uprooted and instantly stored in Free floatng (FF)-These macrophytes polybags. A small digger was also used to are found floating freely over the water surface uproot the delicate plant(s) easily. The (Spirodela poylrhiza). submerged & floating plants which were far Suspended macrophytes(SM)– off from the vicinity of standing position during These macrophytes are found suspended on collection, were entangled in a mesh trap/ or over the water surface (Utricularia crank attached to a stick of suitable length for aurea). action (anchoring & dragging method). The Rooted floating-shoots (RFS)– collected macrophytes were processed for These macrophytes are rooted with floating herbarium & identified with the help of shoots and/or leaves & flowers (Ipomoea published flora, standard literatures & aquatica). monographs (Hooker7, Unni20, Sinha & Naik17 Biswas & Calder2, Verma, Pant & Hanfi,21). Macrophytes diversity : The collected specimens were cross checked A total of Seventy-one (71) species for their authentic identity by Prof. (Retd.) were identified, of which sixty-six (66) were Dr. M.L. Naik (Renowned Botanist & angiospermic taxa belonging to thirty-two (32) Taxonomist), Raipur, C.G. families in which dicotyledonous species were thirty-seven (37)and monocotyledonous The life forms of aquatic macrophytes species were tweny-nine (29). Two (2) Algal were classified based on their habitat as: taxa belonging to solo family Characeae and three (3) Pteridophytic taxa belonging to two Emergent amphibious macrophytes (EM) - (2) families were identified. The above (249) findings were further classified according to season species like Ipomoea carnea, their habit in which total Emergent amphibious Gnaphalium indicum, Hygrophila auriculata, macrophytes (EM) were 56 species, Rooted Panicum interruptum, Vallisneria spiralis Submerged(RS) were 4 species., Rooted were also reported. Utricularia sp. commonly floating-leaved(RFL) were 5 species, designated as bladder-wort, an aquatic Suspended macrophytes (SM) were 3 carnivore marks its presence in the Khandwa species, Rooted floating-shoots (RFS) were pond. 3 species, Free Floating (FF) were not recorded due their non-occurrence. Other species such as Hoppea dichotoma, Exacum pedunculatum, Nymphaea During the rainy season species like sp.etc. occurred seasonally. Species like Scirpus articulatus, Butomopsis lanceolata, Nechamandra alternifolia, Hydrilla Eleocharis palustris, Ipomoea aquatica, veriticillata, Typha aungustifolia, Rotala Ipomoea carnea, Polygonum glabrum, indica, Isoetes coromandeliana, Marsilea Merremia emarginata etc. were abundant minuta, Ceratopteris thalictroides were also with luxuriant growth.While in the winter recorded during the study.
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