Tourism Facilities & Visitor Services Baseline Report 2019

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Tourism Facilities & Visitor Services Baseline Report 2019 Tourism Facilities & Visitor Services Baseline Report 2019 Produced as part of the Wester Ross Destination Management Plan preliminary research Context Upwards of an estimated c.100,000 tourists visit Wester Ross each year, sustaining local communities through their input to the local economy and tourism accounts for 35% of employment1. However, in the current climate (Summer 2019) there are concerns that a rise in tourism of up to 27% (estimate2) over the past few years may not be sustainable. Although a different perspective is that this has followed a deep recession in the tourism industry and visitor numbers have yet to return to the high levels enjoyed during the 1990s. The current situation is exacerbated by Local Authority and Public Agency budget cuts which have resulted in plans to close public toilets and a deterioration in road quality. In addition, the type of visitor has changed, Wester Ross is welcoming large amounts of campervans which require waste disposal facilities which are not yet in place. Local people are reporting over-flowing carparks and bins, increasing litter pollution and irresponsible behaviour. It is not unusual for local residents to cite increased litter as a negative aspect of tourism3 and this together with other perceived negative impacts can become challenging to tourism development as the host community begin to view visitors less than favourably. Therefore, the World Tourism Organisation advises regions to adopt a model for tourism management which considers the social as well as economic and environmental impacts of tourism4. Mass tourism is not going away5, and currently, there is no hard-empirical evidence on visitor numbers, expectations and behaviour or condition of assets in Wester Ross which would allow communities, businesses, local authorities and public agencies to plan proactively. Tourism management in Wester Ross appears to be reactive whereas successful sustainable tourism must involve proactive planning and joint working. Without a strategic approach which considers all aspects 1 Wester Ross Biosphere. Wester Ross Biosphere Reserve Application. UNESCO Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme. Biosphere reserve nomination form. September 2015. (Complemented by conversations with Visit Wester Ross.) 2 University of Glasgow. Highlands and Islands Enterprise. North Coast 500 Economic Baseline Study. June 2017. 49 p. 3 E.g. Tourism Development International. Judith A Annett Countryside Consultancy. Rathlin Island Sustainable Development Strategy. June 2005. 4 World Tourism Organisation. Definition of sustainable tourism: www.sdt.unwto.org/content/about-us-5 (accessed September 2018) 5 Sampson, J. Danelutti, C. Destimed and MEET (The Mediterranean experience of ecotourism): A regional approach to developing, managing and promoting ecotourism in protected areas. Presented to 8th International Conference on UNESCO Global Geoparks. Madonna di Campiglio. September 2018. of the visitor experience, the impact on the environment, publicly owned assets and cultural heritage could eventually damage economic development and quality of life and so careful attention must be paid to understand these issues more thoroughly. Through the Sustainable Heritage Areas: Partnerships for Ecotourism project, the Wester Ross Biosphere has been awarded funds from the EU Northern Periphery and Arctic Program to help create a more sustainable tourism environment in Wester Ross. Through the development of the project we have identified that there is a case for instigating a Destination Management Plan partnership to create a sustainable tourism culture in Wester Ross. Background Public sector representatives met in January 2019 to discuss the Wester Ross Biosphere’s proposal to produce a DMP that identifies the roles of the different stakeholders (involved in the visitor experience), sets out clear actions and shows where resources are required or available already either by existing commitments or by moving them around. The proposed DMP approach was enthusiastically received, particularly in terms of its call for pooling resources, sharing responsibilities and genuine collaboration with communities and businesses. Agreement was made between Visit Scotland, Highlands and Islands Enterprise, Scottish Natural Heritage and the Highland Council to take an active role: “Coordinating and supporting the management of the aspects of Wester Ross which contribute to a visitor’s experience, taking account of the needs of visitors, local residents, businesses and the environment to ensure future sustainability”. The Destination Management Plan should be based on a sound knowledge and assessment of all the features of Wester Ross that relate to the visitor economy. The purpose of this report is to gather evidence to the DMP on the current status of Tourism Facilities (including accommodation, catering, attractions, activities, events and retail relevant to tourists) in Wester Ross and the opportunities and challenges they present. It will also demonstrate a matrix tool for the assessment of touristic potential of selected visitor attractions. This will help inform the identification of management objectives and priorities to achieve the following outcomes and aims. Outcomes This report will directly contribute to the two main outcomes identified of the Destination Management Plan for Wester Ross: #1: Wester Ross is being managed as a Sustainable Tourism Destination by a stakeholder partnership #2: There is a culture in Wester Ross of welcoming visitors and a positive vibe about future tourism Aims Five priority areas have been identified during the initial set-up phase; 1) Creating an identity and sense of place in Wester Ross 2) Community Ownership/Buy-in/Empowerment 2 3) A better defined destination 4) Get a ‘better idea’ of carrying capacity 5) Business Engagement Methods This audit accounts for tourism facilities and businesses in the entire Wester Ross Biosphere area. It partly complements and refreshes the 2015 study conducted by Douglas Ritchie from Tourism and Leisure Solutions for Visit Wester Ross, which covered a smaller area and some parts out with the Biosphere such as Strathpeffer or Elphin. Desktop research was conducted to set up a business database for our region encompassing all sectors with the following categories: Accommodation; Food & Drink; Attractions; Activity Providers; Events; and all the relevant retail which includes Arts & Crafts, General Retail and Trades & Services. Some businesses are not obviously related to tourism, but we see this sector as relying on a well-functioning society in its entirety which is why we chose not to limit our research to one category of businesses. Some businesses operate under more than one category and are therefore accounted for in each relevant section to reflect their varied offerings. We did not include non-managed facilities such as bothies or campsite with no facilities. For every item we gathered contact details, as well as further information such as the number of bed spaces available for accommodation, the date and frequency of events or for each type of business a subcategory (see results below). Sometimes there was a need for a clearer definition which is detailed in the appropriate section. Location was linked to nearest bigger settlements and is therefore relatively inaccurate. Bed counting was made based on the information provided by businesses either online or following a telephone conversation. For campsites, we counted an average capacity of 2 persons per pitch as in the 2015 audit. Sometimes beds are not properly broken down by category (self-catering, hotel etc.) because a single business owns several accommodation units and all beds are counted together. All data were obtained through gathering of mostly online but also printed sources. We also undertook research drives within the Biosphere, looking for attractions in particular, and noted facilities we came across that may not have been documented. However, like all of the audits of this nature, our study is bound to present some degree of inaccuracy. It is heavily reliant on the quality of information sources which are not always kept up-to-date or have changing names on multiple advertising channels, which leads to double entries or the inclusion of businesses that are no longer operating. Airbnb for example makes it difficult to identify whether the accommodation is serviced or not. Some data is also missing as some businesses do not have an online presence or did not indicate to us the number of available bed spaces. This means that this database needs to be kept up-to-date and amended in the future. Results for Tourism Facilities Accommodation Accommodation businesses within the Wester Ross Biosphere are varied. They range from seasonal bed and breakfast in the form of a room in the owner’s house to the professional letting agency covering more than a dozen of self-catering properties Some of the businesses have a bed and 3 breakfast as well as one or more self-catering accommodations and sometimes even offer a café or activities at the same time. This shows that some of our tourism businesses can fall into multiple categories. There are at least 1207 accommodation units within the Wester Ross Biosphere, which suggests a somewhat smaller number of individual businesses in the sector, possibly around 900. However, it is difficult to count businesses because a number of them are advertised on external websites which do not reveal the owner names. It also is not always clear that
Recommended publications
  • Introduction the Place-Names in This Book Were Collected As Part of The
    Introduction The place-names in this book were collected as part of the Arts and Humanities Research Board-funded (AHRB) ‘Norse-Gaelic Frontier Project, which ran from autumn 2000 to summer 2001, the full details of which will be published as Crawford and Taylor (forthcoming). Its main aim was to explore the toponymy of the drainage basin of the River Beauly, especially Strathglass,1 with a view to establishing the nature and extent of Norse place-name survival along what had been a Norse-Gaelic frontier in the 11th century. While names of Norse origin formed the ultimate focus of the Project, much wider place-name collection and analysis had to be undertaken, since it is impossible to study one stratum of the toponymy of an area without studying the totality. The following list of approximately 500 names, mostly with full analysis and early forms, many of which were collected from unpublished documents, has been printed out from the Scottish Place-Name Database, for more details of which see Appendix below. It makes no claims to being comprehensive, but it is hoped that it will serve as the basis for a more complete place-name survey of an area which has hitherto received little serious attention from place-name scholars. Parishes The parishes covered are those of Kilmorack KLO, Kiltarlity & Convinth KCV, and Kirkhill KIH (approximately 240, 185 and 80 names respectively), all in the pre-1975 county of Inverness-shire. The boundaries of Kilmorack parish, in the medieval diocese of Ross, first referred to in the medieval record as Altyre, have changed relatively little over the centuries.
    [Show full text]
  • Troutquest Guide to Trout Fishing on the Nc500
    Version 1.2 anti-clockwise Roger Dowsett, TroutQuest www.troutquest.com Introduction If you are planning a North Coast 500 road trip and want to combine some fly fishing with sightseeing, you are in for a treat. The NC500 route passes over dozens of salmon rivers, and through some of the best wild brown trout fishing country in Europe. In general, the best trout fishing in the region will be found on lochs, as the feeding is generally richer there than in our rivers. Trout fishing on rivers is also less easy to find as most rivers are fished primarily for Atlantic salmon. Scope This guide is intended as an introduction to some of the main trout fishing areas that you may drive through or near, while touring on the NC500 route. For each of these areas, you will find links to further information, but please note, this is not a definitive list of all the trout fishing spots on the NC500. There is even more trout fishing available on the route than described here, particularly in the north and north-west, so if you see somewhere else ‘fishy’ on your trip, please enquire locally. Trout Fishing Areas on the North Coast 500 Route Page | 2 All Content ©TroutQuest 2017 Version 1.2 AC Licences, Permits & Methods The legal season for wild brown trout fishing in the UK runs from 15th March to 6th October, but most trout lochs and rivers in the Northern Highlands do not open until April, and in some cases the beginning of May. There is no close season for stocked rainbow trout fisheries which may be open earlier or later in the year.
    [Show full text]
  • E-News Winter 2019/2020
    Winter e-newsletter December 2019 Photos Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year! INSIDE THIS ISSUE: Contributions to our newsletters Dates for your Diary & Winter Workparties....2 Borage - Painted Lady foodplant…11-12 are always welcome. Scottish Entomological Gathering 2020 .......3-4 Lunar Yellow Underwing…………….13 Please use the contact details Obituary - David Barbour…………..………….5 Chequered Skipper Survey 2020…..14 below to get in touch! The Bog Squad…………………………………6 If you do not wish to receive our Helping Hands for Butterflies………………….7 newsletter in the future, simply Munching Caterpillars in Scotland………..…..8 reply to this message with the Books for Sale………………………...………..9 word ’unsubscribe’ in the title - thank you. RIC Project Officer - Job Vacancy……………9 Coul Links Update……………………………..10 VC Moth Recorder required for Caithness….10 Contact Details: Butterfly Conservation Scotland t: 01786 447753 Balallan House e: [email protected] Allan Park w: www.butterfly-conservation.org/scotland Stirling FK8 2QG Dates for your Diary Scottish Recorders’ Gathering - Saturday, 14th March 2020 For everyone interested in recording butterflies and moths, our Scottish Recorders’ Gathering will be held at the Battleby Conference Centre, by Perth on Saturday, 14th March 2020. It is an opportunity to meet up with others, hear all the latest butterfly and moth news and gear up for the season to come! All welcome - more details will follow in the New Year! Highland Branch AGM - Saturday, 18th April 2020 Our Highlands & Island Branch will be holding their AGM on Saturday, 18th April in a new venue, Green Drive Hall, 36 Green Drive, Inverness, IV2 4EU. More details will follow on the website in due course.
    [Show full text]
  • Beinn Eighe and Loch Maree Islands National Nature Reserve Volunteer Information
    Beinn Eighe and Loch Maree Islands National Nature Reserve Volunteer Information At Beinn Eighe and Loch Maree Islands NNR we really value the help of volunteers. There is always a lot going on. Volunteers help us with a range of tasks such as practical estate management as well as survey and monitoring. We welcome a small number of residential volunteers each year. We are also keen to hear from you if you live locally and would like to volunteer with us What’s involved? We are looking for volunteers to assist us with managing the reserve. Your role will be related to practical work as well as some survey work. This will mainly consist of outdoor tasks, including: Tree nursery work – we have our own tree nursery where we grow local provenance trees from seed collected on the NNR. Woodland management – we have an ongoing programme of woodland management and restructuring of planted pine woods. Deer management – in order to maintain natural processes we manage wild deer through a deer cull which is informed by impact monitoring. Removal of non-native plant species. Path maintenance to allow visitors to enjoy the ancient pine woods and the mountain trails. Visitor management. Habitat and species monitoring. Where? The Beinn Eighe and Loch Maree Islands National Nature Reserve (NNR) is situated near Kinlochewe, in North West Scotland. It is widely considered some of the most inspiring scenery in Britain, it is surrounded by mountains and close to the coast. When? There will be a small number of volunteer placements available throughout the year, each for a minimum of 1 month, the more time you stay with us the more jobs you will be likely to experience and the more you will learn.
    [Show full text]
  • From Portree, Isle of Skye (A87 Heading South)
    From Portree, Isle of Skye (A87 heading South) 2 Main Routes are outlined. Route 1 is the most direct over the Bealach Na Ba. Own Road Route 1 Transport 1. Head South on the A87 (signposted Kyleakin, Kyle of Lochalsh); 2. At the Kyleain Roundabout take the 1st exit onto the A87; 3. Cross the Skye Bridge; 4. Drive through Kyle of Lochalsh, (turn left at the 2nd set of lights and then right then left you should see signposts for Lochcarron); 5. Continue through Balmacara to Auchtertyre; 6. Just past Auchtertyre, turn left onto the A890 (signposted Gairloch, Locharron); 7. Continue towards Lochcarron passing Achmore, Stromeferry and Strathcarron; 8. Just past Strathcarron, turn left at the junction onto the A896; 9. You will see Applecross on the signpost!; 10. Continue and pass through Lochcarron and then on through Kishorn; 11. You will start to see the hills of Applecross on your left as you drive past Loch Kishorn; 12. At Tornapress turn left onto the Bealach Na Ba, prepare to be amazed; 13. Continue until you reach Applecross at the other side!; 14. Once you have come over the cattlegrid continue around the bend to the bottom of the brae (hill); 15. Turn left here and the Inn is approx. 300m on your left. Route 2 – as route 1 until point 11 THEN 12. At Tornapress continue towards Sheildaig on the A896 through the glen; 13. About a mile before Sheildaig turn left towards Applecross; 14. Continue, passing through Arrina, Kenmore, Fernamore, Callakille and Lonbain; 15. You will pass a big sand dune on your right as you go up a hill; 16.
    [Show full text]
  • The Manse, Main Street, Kyle of Lochalsh, IV40 8DA Property Description
    The Manse, Main Street, Kyle of Lochalsh, IV40 8DA Property Description Five-bedroom extended detached bungalow located in the picturesque village of Kyle. Set within the beautiful Scottish landscape in the county of Ross-shire the property presents a wonderful opportunity to purchase on the much sought after northwest coast of Scotland. The bright and spacious property benefits from a flexible floor plan and good sized rooms throughout. It has scope for many future uses and has excellent features including double glazing and storage space. The accommodation comprises: Ground Floor - Entrance porch, hall, living room, dining room, kitchen, utility room, five bedrooms, bathroom and shower room. Gross Internal Floor Area: 145 square metres. Externally the property features garden grounds to the front side and rear. The front garden is a mixture of grass, colourful trees and shrubbery. A driveway with space for numerous cars leads to a detached garage which offers a multi-use space. There is also a fully enclosed rear garden. Local Area Kyle of Lochalsh is a lively highland village with many local amenities including banks, shops, supermarket and butchers. There are many leisure activities in the area such as a leisure pool & gym, hotels, restaurants and bars. Additional facilities include a chemist, dentist surgery & medical centre. There is a primary school within the village and secondary schooling is available in the nearby village of Plockton to which a school bus runs daily. There is a railway station within the village which offers direct services to Inverness where the airport (106 miles) has regular domestic and international flights.
    [Show full text]
  • Aroma Café & Gift Shop, Mellon Charles, AULTBEA, IV22 2JL Offers
    Aroma Café & Gift Shop, Mellon Charles, AULTBEA, IV22 2JL Offers Over £495,000 REF: 57207 Located within the beautiful crofting community of Mellon Charles, close to the village of Aultbea, the Aroma Café and Gift Shop represent a unique lifestyle opportunity along with a successful and profitable business. Built around an original crofthouse, the building has significant local provenance. Owners accomodation of approximately 830 sq ft on the ground floor plus some additional upstairs space, can be created within the building and a pre-planning application advises "there are no other material planning considerations identified at this time that would prevent the granting of the permission." The property, which was purpose built in 2006, has two main income streams and currently trades for 7 months of the year, 6 days a week from 10am-5pm, leaving ample scope to increase profits. The Café, which seats around 32 covers, is finished in a bistro-style and provides a calm, contemporary atmosphere. A freestanding wood burning stove with bespoke Caithness Stone hearth provides an additional welcoming focal point. The Café also enjoys spectacular uninterrupted views across Loch Ewe, towards the Torridon mountains and the Islands of Harris and Lewis. The Café boasts a "Taste our Best" certificate and has featured in national newspaper reviews. As the current owners do not take a day to day role, the Café is presently operated by two full-time staff (one being the manager), supplemented by two part-time staff in the busiest part of the season. The Café offers light lunches, soups, snacks, beverages and an excellent range of home baking.
    [Show full text]
  • Wester Ross Ros An
    Scottish Natural Heritage Explore for a day Wester Ross Ros an lar Wester Ross has a landscape of incredible beauty and diversity Historically people have settled along the seaboard, sustaining fashioned by a fascinating geological history. Mountains of strange, themselves by combining cultivation and rearing livestock with spectacular shapes rise up from a coastline of diverse seascapes. harvesting produce from the sea. Crofting townships, with their Wave battered cliffs and crevices are tempered by sandy beaches small patch-work of in-bye (cultivated) fields running down to the or salt marsh estuaries; fjords reach inland several kilometres. sea can be found along the coast. The ever changing light on the Softening this rugged landscape are large inland fresh water lochs. landscape throughout the year makes it a place to visit all year The area boasts the accolade of two National Scenic Area (NSA) round. designations, the Assynt – Coigach NSA and Wester Ross NSA, and three National Nature Reserves; Knockan Crag, Corrieshalloch Symbol Key Gorge and Beinn Eighe. The North West Highland Geopark encompasses part of north Wester Ross. Parking Information Centre Gaelic dictionary Paths Disabled Access Gaelic Pronunciation English beinn bayn mountain gleann glyown glen Toilets Wildlife watching inbhir een-er mouth of a river achadh ach-ugh field mòr more big beag bake small Refreshments Picnic Area madainn mhath mat-in va good morning feasgar math fess-kur ma good afternoon mar sin leat mar shin laht goodbye Admission free unless otherwise stated. 1 11 Ullapool 4 Ullapul (meaning wool farm or Ulli’s farm) This picturesque village was founded in 1788 as a herring processing station by the British Fisheries Association.
    [Show full text]
  • School Handbook
    Bun-sgoil a’ Phluic – Plockton Primary School SCHOOL HANDBOOK Session 2021-2022 Innes Street, Plockton, Ross-Shire, IV52 8TW Tel: 01599 544 346 Email: [email protected] https://plocktonprimary.com/ Mrs S. Galloway - Ceannard/Head Teacher Miss Melanie Sinclair - Fo-cheannard/Deputy Head Teacher Bun-sgoil a’ Phluic – Plockton Primary School Innes Street Plockton Ross-Shire IV52 8TW Tel: 01599 544 346 A LETTER FROM THE HEADTEACHER - LITIR BHON CHEANNARD We look forward to welcoming you and your child/children to Bun-sgoil a’ Phluic/ Plockton Primary School and hope you all enjoy being part of our school community. We hope this handbook will be useful to you as you look to enrol your child in school. Dùrachdan Susan Galloway Mrs S. Galloway * Whilst information in this handbook is considered to be true and correct at the date of publication – November 2020, changes in circumstances after the time of publication may impact on the accuracy of the information. * 2 INTRODUCTION Whilst the information in this handbook is considered to be true and correct at the date of publication, changes in circumstances after the time of publication may impact on the accuracy of the information. The following information has been compiled for session 2021-22. Any changes which occur will be notified in the school newsletters which are sent out regularly during the school year. Parents wishing an appointment with the Head Teacher or a member of staff are asked, if possible, to telephone in advance. Visits are best arranged for a time after 3.30 p.m., as all teachers have a full teaching timetable.
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 Scotch Whisky
    ©2019 scotch whisky association DISCOVER THE WORLD OF SCOTCH WHISKY Many countries produce whisky, but Scotch Whisky can only be made in Scotland and by definition must be distilled and matured in Scotland for a minimum of 3 years. Scotch Whisky has been made for more than 500 years and uses just a few natural raw materials - water, cereals and yeast. Scotland is home to over 130 malt and grain distilleries, making it the greatest MAP OF concentration of whisky producers in the world. Many of the Scotch Whisky distilleries featured on this map bottle some of their production for sale as Single Malt (i.e. the product of one distillery) or Single Grain Whisky. HIGHLAND MALT The Highland region is geographically the largest Scotch Whisky SCOTCH producing region. The rugged landscape, changeable climate and, in The majority of Scotch Whisky is consumed as Blended Scotch Whisky. This means as some cases, coastal locations are reflected in the character of its many as 60 of the different Single Malt and Single Grain Whiskies are blended whiskies, which embrace wide variations. As a group, Highland whiskies are rounded, robust and dry in character together, ensuring that the individual Scotch Whiskies harmonise with one another with a hint of smokiness/peatiness. Those near the sea carry a salty WHISKY and the quality and flavour of each individual blend remains consistent down the tang; in the far north the whiskies are notably heathery and slightly spicy in character; while in the more sheltered east and middle of the DISTILLERIES years. region, the whiskies have a more fruity character.
    [Show full text]
  • Ocean View Hotel, Aultbea, Wester-Ross, Iv22
    The Highlands Commercial Property Specialists A S GCommercial Hotels Guesthouses OCEAN VIEW HOTEL, AULTBEA, Licensed Retail WESTER-ROSS, IV22 2ND Offices Industrial Seasonal business within an idyllic setting in beautiful Wester-Ross enjoying a Units spacious site and panoramic seaward views 7-letting bedroom establishment with large restaurant/bar with expansive beer garden and grounds A SpaciousA owner’s accommodation of up to 3 bedrooms, large lounge and generous family area York House A business development opportunity in a superb setting; ideal for first-time buyers or 20 Church an experienced couple wishing to develop the food trade Street A Inverness Telephone 01463 714757 Swww.bedandbreakfastsales.co.uk SFixed PriceS £250,000 (Freehold) GGG DESCRIPTION The Ocean View Hotel is a substantial licensed property with a large footprint; the original subjects were built in 1900s. Purchased by the vendors in 2005 the business was operated as a self-catering business until 2010 and since that time has operated as a Hotel, latterly trading in wet sales only. Due to the need to upgrade fire safety requirements the Hotel has not traded with letting rooms in recent years but we understand that bringing the Hotel into full operation again would be a fairly straight forward matter and the vendors have full details of the requirements to do so. The footprint of the property offers excellent amenity space extending to circa 1.5 acres. The internal aspects of the property require a degree of redecoration. The vendors accept that new owners would be better placed to develop the business both in terms of facilities and trade.
    [Show full text]
  • Members News March 2009
    FOR MEMBERS OF THE JOHN MUIR TRUST MEMBERS’ NEWS MARCH 2009 John Muir Trust members invited to NEW CHIEF EXECUTIVE IN POST contribute to the ‘View from 2050’ Stuart Brooks has Lifestyles in 2050 will be radically different. before the Kyoto Protocol expires, 2009 been appointed Chief But will our wild landscapes and their is the final opportunity to do so. Our Executive of the biodiversity – and our relationships with government has already set a target of John Muir Trust with them - also be radically different? 2050 an 80% reduction in our greenhouse effect from 1 March might be more than half a lifetime away but gas emissions from their 1990 levels. 2009, following the it is a reference point we’ll be hearing far Achieving this will require radical social retirement of Nigel more of in the next few years. and political decision-making, re-thinking Hawkins. industrial processes, and will impact The ambition of the United Nations Stuart joins us from on all our daily lives. It will involve Climate Change Conference in the Scottish Wildlife Trust (SWT) where unprecedented individual, national and Copenhagen (COP15) in December is for he has been Director of Conservation global action. a binding global climate agreement to since 2002 with responsibility for land include as many countries as possible. If In its role of ‘promoting informed debate management, policy and communications, the world’s nations are to decide upon on public policy issues’, The David Hume as well as being the main account a new agreement to enter into force manager for key grants.
    [Show full text]