Robbing the Smokey Winged Beetle Bandit Wasp in Minnesota: Understanding Buprestid Diversity and Distribution Marie J

Robbing the Smokey Winged Beetle Bandit Wasp in Minnesota: Understanding Buprestid Diversity and Distribution Marie J. Hallinen, Jennifer L. Schultz, Brian H. Aukema Emerald ash borer (EAB) Agrilus planipennis Family: Buprestidae

Herms and McCullough 2014, Minnesota DNR website Emerald ash borer (EAB) Agrilus planipennis Family: Buprestidae

• Introduced to US from Asia on wood packing material

Herms and McCullough 2014, Minnesota DNR website Emerald ash borer (EAB) Agrilus planipennis Family: Buprestidae

• Introduced to US from Asia on wood packing material • EAB larvae feed on vascular tissue under the bark of Fraxinus spp.

Herms and McCullough 2014, Minnesota DNR website Emerald ash borer (EAB) Agrilus planipennis Family: Buprestidae

• Introduced to US from Asia on wood packing material • EAB larvae feed on vascular tissue under the bark of Fraxinus spp. • Tree mortality within 2-4 years

Herms and McCullough 2014, Minnesota DNR website Emerald ash borer (EAB) Agrilus planipennis Family: Buprestidae

• Introduced to US from Asia on wood packing material • EAB larvae feed on vascular tissue under the bark of Fraxinus spp. • Tree mortality within 2-4 years • Discovered in Saint Paul in 2009: close to a billion ash trees at risk in MN

Herms and McCullough 2014, Minnesota DNR website Detecting EAB at different densities

©http://newenglandphotos.blogspot.com

Cappaert et al. 2005, Marshall et al. 2010 Detecting EAB at different densities

©http://newenglandphotos.blogspot.com

Cappaert et al. 2005, Marshall et al. 2010 Detecting EAB at different densities

©http://newenglandphotos.blogspot.com

Cappaert et al. 2005, Marshall et al. 2010 Need to detect non-native species Need to detect non-native species

Agrilus biguttatus Oak splendor beetle Host: Quercus, Fagus, Castanea

Davis et al. 2005 Need to detect non-native species

Agrilus biguttatus Agrilus sulcicollis Oak splendor beetle European oak borer Host: Quercus, Fagus, Host: Quercus Castanea

Davis et al. 2005, Jendek & Grebennikov 2009 Need to detect non-native species

Agrilus biguttatus Agrilus sulcicollis Phaenops cyanea Oak splendor beetle European oak borer Steelblue jewel beetle Host: Quercus, Fagus, Host: Quercus Host: Pinus, Picea Castanea

Davis et al. 2005, Jendek & Grebennikov 2009, Wermelinger et al. 2008 Another option: biosurveillance

Stephen Marshall University of Guelph Smokey winged beetle bandit wasp Cerceris fumipennis Family: Crabronidae Solitary ground-nesting hunting wasp

Summer: adults emerge and mate. Females provision nest for one month

Winter and spring: Larvae hatch and feed on overwinter underground beetles within within cocoon underground cells

Established in MN in 2014

Jen Schultz, UMN Extension 1. What buprestid species are present in Minnesota? 2. Will buprestid diversity be higher at sites with more trees? 1. What buprestid species are present in Minnesota? 2. Will buprestid diversity be higher at sites with more trees? Minnesota buprestid survey: site selection

Large: 10+ Accessible: nests in ballfields only previous

season

C. fumipennis hunts EAB in MN

•Summer of 2017: detected at 2/10 sites, 16 EAB total •Summer of 2018: detected at 6/10 sites, 105 EAB total •Zumbro Park in Rochester: 61/62 beetles collected were EAB 1. What buprestid species are present in

Minnesota? 2. Will buprestid diversity be higher at sites with more trees? 1. What buprestid species are present in

Minnesota? 2. Will buprestid diversity be higher at

sites with more trees? Survey of trees around wasp nesting sites: summer 2018

• We surveyed trees at 12 sites Survey of trees around wasp nesting sites: summer 2018

• We surveyed trees at 12 sites • 200 m radius around nesting site: 200 m = conservative estimate of wasp hunting radius (Nalepa et al. 2013) Survey of trees around wasp nesting sites: summer 2018

• We surveyed trees at 12 sites • 200 m radius around nesting site: 200 m = conservative estimate of wasp hunting radius (Nalepa et al. 2013) • Recorded tree species, diameter at breast height (DBH), and number of dead trees Beetle diversity is higher at sites with more trees

y = 0.3485 log (x) - 1.6240 R2 = 0.4553

F1,10 = 10.19, P = 0.0096 Beetle diversity is higher at sites with higher basal area (m2) dead trees

y = 0.3356 log (x+1) + 0.3492 R2 = 0.6334

F1,10 = 20.0, P = 0.0012 Summary Summary • Large diversity of buprestids in Minnesota Summary • Large diversity of buprestids in Minnesota • Agrilus is genus most commonly caught by C. fumipennis, indicating it may detect non-native pest species Summary • Large diversity of buprestids in Minnesota • Agrilus is genus most commonly caught by C. fumipennis, indicating it may detect non-native pest species • C. fumipennis can detect EAB in new areas Summary • Large diversity of buprestids in Minnesota • Agrilus is genus most commonly caught by C. fumipennis, indicating it may detect non-native pest species • C. fumipennis can detect EAB in new areas • Buprestid diversity is higher at sites with more trees and greater basal area of dead trees Future Directions

•Look at relationships between tree canopy and presence/absence of buprestid species •Create a buprestid checklist using wasp survey results and museum records References

Aukema, J.E., McCullough, D.G., Von Holle, B., Liebhold, A.M., Britton, K. and Frankel, S.J., 2010. Historical accumulation of nonindigenous forest pests in the continental United States. BioScience, 60(11), pp.886-897. Cappaert, D., D. G. McCullough, T. M. Poland, and N. W. Siegert. 2005. Emerald ash borer in North America: a research and regulatory challenge. Am. Entomol. 51: 152-165. Careless, P., 2009. 2009 Cerceris fumipennis Project Report. Careless, P., 2010. 2010 Cerceris fumipennis Project Report.

Careless et al. 2014."The use of Cerceris fumipennis (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) for surveying and monitoring emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) infestations in eastern North America." The Canadian Entomologist 146.1: 90-105. Davis, E.E., French, S. and Venette, R.C., 2005. Mini risk assessment metallic beetle: Agrilus biguttatus Fabricius [Coleoptera: Buprestidae]. US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, p.21.

Emerald Ash Borer (EAB). c2018. Minnesota DNR; accessed Feb 24, 2018. http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/invasives/terrestrialanimals/eab/index.html Evans, H.E., 1971. Observations on the nesting behavior of wasps of the tribe Cercerini. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, pp.500-523. Herms, D. A., and D. G. McCullough. 2014. Emerald ash borer invasion of North America: history, biology, ecology, impacts, and management. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 59: 13-30 Jendek, E. and Grebennikov, V.V., 2009. Agrilus sulcicollis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), a new alien species in North America. The Canadian Entomologist, 141(3), pp.236-245. Kurczewski, F.E. and Miller, R.C., 1984. Observations on the nesting of three species of Cerceris (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Florida Entomologist, pp.146-155.

Magurran, A.E. and McGill, B.J. eds., 2011. Biological diversity: frontiers in measurement and assessment. Oxford University Press. Marshall, S.A., Paiero, S.M. and Buck, M., 2005. Buprestid sampling at nests of Cerceris fumipennis (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) in southern Ontario: the first Canadian records of three buprestids (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 137(4), pp.416-419. Marshall, J.M., Storer, A.J., Fraser, I. and Mastro, V.C., 2010. Efficacy of trap and lure types for detection of Agrilus planipennis (Col., Buprestidae) at low density. Journal of Applied Entomology, 134(4), pp.296-302 Mueller, U.G., Warneke, A.F., Grafe, T.U. and Ode, P.R., 1992. Female size and nest defense in the digger wasp Cerceris fumipennis (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae: Philanthinae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, pp.44-52.

Nalepa, C.A., Swink, W.G., Merten, P. and Moan, J.E., 2013. Conservative estimates of hunting distance in Cerceris fumipennis Say (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae). Journal of entomological science, 48(4), pp.299-305. Rutledge et al. 2013. First detection of Agrilus planipennis in Connecticut made by monitoring Cerceris fumipennis. Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 32: 75–81. Simpson, E.H., 1949. Measurement of diversity. nature, 163(4148), p.688.

Swink, W.G., Nalepa, C.A. and Basham, J.P., 2015. Agrilus subrobustus Saunders (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) first detected in North Carolina as prey of the wasp, Cerceris fumipennis Say (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae). Coleopterists Bulletin, 69, p.274. Wermelinger, B., Rigling, A., Schneider Mathis, D. and Dobbertin, M., 2008. Assessing the role of bark‐and wood‐boring insects in the decline of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) in the Swiss Rhone valley. Ecological Entomology, 33(2), pp.239-249. Acknowledgements Committee Members: Dr. Brian Aukema, Dr. Rob Venette, Dr. Ingrid Schneider

Jen Schultz, UMN Extension

Lab techs: Mara Short, Tenzin Dothar, Kristine Jecha, Piper Haynes, Bade Turgut, Elgin Lee, Joe Ure

Aukema Forest Entomology Lab

Wasp Watcher Volunteers