DOCSLIB.ORG

Chromosome Numbers in Transvaal Grasses J. M. J. De Wet and L. J. Anderson Divisionof Botany,P

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chromosome Numbers in Transvaal Grasses J. M. J. De Wet and L. J. Anderson Divisionof Botany,P 1956 1 Chromosome Numbers in Transvaal Grasses J. M. J. de Wet and L. J. Anderson Divisionof Botany,P. O. Box994 , Pretoria,South Africa Received August 11, 1955 The family Gramineae is very well represented in South Africa , but very little work has been done on their cytology . This investigation represents the third in a series (de Wet 1954 a, b) on the chromosome numbers of South African grasses. Many of the chromosome numbers require little comment and are listed mainly to get them on record . A few are more important and will be discussed in detail . The genera investigated are classified according to Hubbard (1934) and Pilger (1954). This makes it possible to correlate the cytological observations with purely morphological data. Material and methods The majority of the species have been collected in the veld and were identified by Mr. J. A. Anderson of the South African National Herbarium . Seed of Phyllorachis sagitata Trimen were received from the Department of Botany, University of Pretoria. A few species were cultivated on the Prinshof Experimental farm , Division of Botany. Herbarium specimens together with corresponding root tip slides are filed with the Division of Botany at Pretoria. Root tips were fixed in Randolph's (1935) "CRAF" fluid. These were dehydrated, embedded and sectioned in the usual manner. Staining was done according to the method outlined by Stockwell (1934). For a study of leaf anatomy the procedure described by Prat (1948) was followed. Drawings were made with the aid of a camera lucida; the magnifications are indicated. Results The genera studied are listed and the chromosome numbers reported are summarized in table 1. Festuceae subtribe Festucinae. As was indicated by previous workers the basic chromosome number of Festuca is n=7 and the chromosomes are large. Tetrachne dregei is characterized by a basic chromosome number of n=10 and the chromosomes are smaller than those characteristic of the subtribe Festucinae. Anatomical and epidermal traits of the leaves indicate a closer relationship with the tribe Eragrosteae. Aveneae subtribe Aveninae. Agrostis eriantha has 42 large somatic chromosomes. This is in agreement with previous records indicating a basic chromosome number of n=7 for the genus. Arundinelleae. This tribe is placed by Hubbard (1934) in the neighbour Cytologia 21, 1956 1 2 J. M. J. de Wet and L. J Anderson Cytologia 21 Figs. 1-57. Chromosome number (2n). •~2800. 1. Festuca scabra, 28. 2. Agrostis eri antha, 42. 3. Tristachya biseriata, 24. 4. Phalaris tuherosa var . Stenoptera, 28. 5. Enneopogon brachystachys, 36. 6. E. cenchroides, 36. 7. E, pretoriensis, 18 . 8. Schnidtia glabra, 36. 9. Phyllorachis sagittata, 24. 10. Eragrostis denudata, 20. 11. E. lappula var, divaricata, 40. 12. Bewsia biflora, 30. 13. Dinebra retroflora, 20. 14, Sporobolus stapflanus, 36. 15. S. fimbriatus, 36. 16. S. nitens, 18. 17. S. smutsii , 36. 18. Mi.cro ch.loa caffra, 20. 19. Aristida curvata, 44. 20. A. diffasa var. burkei, 36 . 21. A, gracilior, 36. 22. A. transvaalensis, 24. 23. Perotis patens, 36. 24. Panicum repens, 36. 25. Brachiaris humidicola, 72. 26. Echinochloa pyramidalis, 54 . 27. Urochloa trichopus, 30. 28. U, mosambicensis, 30. 29. Digitaria diagonalis, 36. 30. D . longiflora, 18. 31. D. litoralis, 18. 32. D. seriata, 36. 33. D. tricholaenoides, 18 . 34. D. valida 36. 35. D. valida var, glauca, 36. 36. Setaria almaspicata, 36. 37, S. lindenbergiana , 36 . 38. S. lindenbergiana, 18. 39. S. perennis, 36. 40. S. phragmitoides, 54 . 41. S . splendida, 54. 42. S. tenuiseta, 36. 43. S. chevalieri, 36. 44, Axonopus suffultus , 40. 45 . Anthephora pubescens, 40. 46. Miscanthidium junceum, 30. 47. Ischaemum arcuatum , 50 . 48. Urelytrum squarosu.m, 20. 49. Chrysopogon montanus var. tremulus, 20 . 50 Dichanthiurn pappilosum, 30. 51. D. aristatum, 40. 52. Cymbopogon prolixus, 40 . 53. Andropogon appendiculatus, 20. 54. A. sehzinzii, 20. 55. Hyparrhenia filipendula, 40 56 . 1I. filipendula var. pilosa, 40. 57. Trachypogon spicatus, 20. 1956 Chromosome Numbers of Transvaal Grasses 3 Table 1. Classification of the genera and chromosome number of the species 1* 4 J. M. J, de Wet and L. J. Anderson Cytologia 21 Table 1. continued 1956 Chromosome Numbers of Transvaal Grasses 5 Table 1. continued hood of the Paniceae. It was indicated by de Wet (1954 a) that this tribe represents a stepping stone between the series Phragmitiformes and Panici formes of Avdulov (1931). The genus Tristachya is characterized by small chromosomes and the basic chromosome number is n=12. Leaf anatomy and epidermis is of the Panicoid type (cf. Avdulov, 1931 and Prat, 1936). Moffet and Hurcombe (1944) demonstrated a basic chromosome number of n=10 for this genus. Phalarideae. Two genera included by Pilger (1954) in this tribe have been investigated. The genus Phalaris is typically festucoid in respect to chromosome size and leaf anatomy. Ehrharta on the other hand has n=12 and small chromosomes (Parthasarathy, 1938), the chlorophyll distribution of the leaf is of the Festucoid type (Avdulov, 1931) and the epidermal charac teristic resemble those of the Oryzeae (Prat, 1936). The small chromosomes and a basic chromosome number of n=12, together with the anatomical data suggest affinities with the tribe Oryzeae. Pappophoreae. Avdulov (1931) includes this tribe in his miscellaneous series the Phragmitiformes. Prat (1936) records an Eragrostoid type of epi dermis for the genera Cottea and Pappophorunz, while for species of both genera Covas (1945) reports n=10 and small chromosomes. The genus Enneapogon is definitely characterized by small chromosomes and a basic number of n=9. It was thought by de Wet (1954 b) after counting 2n=36 in Enneapogon scoparius that the basic chromosomes number might be n=12. 6 J. M. J. de Wet and L. J. Anderson Cytologia 21 Enneapogon pretoriensis with 2n=18, however, rule out a basic number of n=12. Schmidtia glabra having 2n=36 indicates that this genus very likely is also characterized by a basic chromosome number of n=9. Anatomical data for the latter two genera are very peculiar. The chlorophyll distribution is of the Festucoid type. The siliceous cells are more or less dumb-bell-shaped and the bicellular haires are more or less club shapped. Thus, also in respect of these two genera, epidermal traits and cytology indicate a closer affinity with the series Eragrostiformes (de Wet, 1954 a) than with the Festuciformes. Because of the Festucoid type of chlorophyll distribution, however, this tribe is included in Avdulov's (1931) series the Phragmitiformes. It is therefore, possible to assume that the series Eragrostiformes could have had its origin in the neighbourhood of this tribe. Phyllorachieae. The genus Phyllorachis is one of the most interesting in the family Gramineae. Trimen (1879), who described the genus, points out that in spikelet structure it resembles the Chlorideae and Phalarideae. The habit of the grass, on the other hand, suggests an affinity with some genera of the Olyreae. Bentham (1881) indicates that the spikelet resembles that of Panicunz, but the fruiting glumes are less hardened. The inflorescence is roughly that of genera belonging to the Chlorideae, but the branches of the panicle are produced beyond the spikelets and the pedicel disarticulates below the glumes. Phyllorachis is treated as a member of the Paniceae by Hackel (1889), who groups it with other genera having heteromorphous or unisexual flowers. Hubbard (1939) studied Phyllorachis and the related genus Humbertochloa. A new tribe, the Phyllorachieae, was described by Hubbard on the basis of this investigation. Hubbard (1939) indicates that the Phyllorachieae differs from the Paniceae, Olyreae and Phalareae in a number of characters. The latter two tribes differ from the Phyllorachieae by their strictly 1-flowered spikelets. The Phyllorachieae differs from the Paniceae in the following salient morphological features. In the Paniceae the spikelets are usually bisexual and similar; the lower lemma is usually thinner than the upper ones; the rhachilla is usually not produced beyond the upper floret; the stamens are 3 or less and the caryopsis, usually, has a punctiform or small basal hilum. On the other hand, in the Phyllorachieae, the lower lemma of the female spikelet is thickened, firmer than the upper floret; the rhachilla is produced beyond the upper floret; the stamens are mostly 6-4 and the caryopsis is characterized by a linear hilum, equaling the caryopsis in length. Anatomical and cytological data similarly suggest that the genera Phyllo rachis and Humbertochloa should be removed from the Paniceae. Phyllo rachis sagitata Trimen and Humbertochloa greenwayi Hubbard were in vestigated. The leaf anatomy of these two genera are very similar. In cross section the parenchymatous outer bundle sheath is poorly differentiated but the mesotome sheath is well developed. Furthermore, the chlorophyll tissue 1956 Chromosome Numbers of Transvaal Grasses 7 is uniformly disposed between the bundles. The internal leaf anatomy is therefore typically of the Festucoid type as described by Avdulv (1931), Prat (1936) and de Wet (1954 a). The Panicoid type, in contrast, is characterized by a well developed outer bundle sheath, a poorly differentiated mesotome sheath and a localization of the chlorophyll tissue around the bundles. The epidermal characteristics are of the Oryzoid type. The siliceous cells are short, dumb-bell-shaped and placed transversely to the axis of the leaf. Long threadlike bicellular hairs are also always present on the ventral surface of the leaves. In respect to anatomical characters the genera included in the Phyllo rachieae resemble the tribe Oryzeae, both in shape and position of the siliceous cells. Avdulv (1931) showed that the angular starch grains of Phyllorachis are similar to those of Oryza except that the individual grains are smaller. Also in respect to gross morphological characteristics the Phyllorachieae can be brought into relationship with the Oryzeae. The elongated hilum and 6-4 stamens resemble the type characters of the Oryzeae.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Vascular Plant Survey of Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve, Malawi
    YIKA-VWAZA TRUST RESEARCH STUDY REPORT N (2017/18) Vascular Plant Survey of Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve, Malawi By Sopani Sichinga ([email protected]) September , 2019 ABSTRACT In 2018 – 19, a survey on vascular plants was conducted in Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve. The reserve is located in the north-western Malawi, covering an area of about 986 km2. Based on this survey, a total of 461 species from 76 families were recorded (i.e. 454 Angiosperms and 7 Pteridophyta). Of the total species recorded, 19 are exotics (of which 4 are reported to be invasive) while 1 species is considered threatened. The most dominant families were Fabaceae (80 species representing 17. 4%), Poaceae (53 species representing 11.5%), Rubiaceae (27 species representing 5.9 %), and Euphorbiaceae (24 species representing 5.2%). The annotated checklist includes scientific names, habit, habitat types and IUCN Red List status and is presented in section 5. i ACKNOLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, let me thank the Nyika–Vwaza Trust (UK) for funding this work. Without their financial support, this work would have not been materialized. The Department of National Parks and Wildlife (DNPW) Malawi through its Regional Office (N) is also thanked for the logistical support and accommodation throughout the entire study. Special thanks are due to my supervisor - Mr. George Zwide Nxumayo for his invaluable guidance. Mr. Thom McShane should also be thanked in a special way for sharing me some information, and sending me some documents about Vwaza which have contributed a lot to the success of this work. I extend my sincere thanks to the Vwaza Research Unit team for their assistance, especially during the field work.
    [Show full text]
  • 24. Tribe PANICEAE 黍族 Shu Zu Chen Shouliang (陈守良); Sylvia M
    POACEAE 499 hairs, midvein scabrous, apex obtuse, clearly demarcated from mm wide, glabrous, margins spiny-scabrous or loosely ciliate awn; awn 1–1.5 cm; lemma 0.5–1 mm. Anthers ca. 0.3 mm. near base; ligule ca. 0.5 mm. Inflorescence up to 20 cm; spike- Caryopsis terete, narrowly ellipsoid, 1–1.8 mm. lets usually densely arranged, ascending or horizontally spread- ing; rachis scabrous. Spikelets 1.5–2.5 mm (excluding awns); Stream banks, roadsides, other weedy places, on sandy soil. Guangdong, Hainan, Shandong, Taiwan, Yunnan [Bhutan, Cambodia, basal callus 0.1–0.2 mm, obtuse; glumes narrowly lanceolate, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri back scaberulous-hirtellous in rather indistinct close rows (most Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Africa (probably introduced), Australia obvious toward lemma base), midvein pectinate-ciliolate, apex (Queensland)]. abruptly acute, clearly demarcated from awn; awn 0.5–1.5 cm. Anthers ca. 0.3 mm. Caryopsis terete, narrowly ellipsoid, ca. 3. Perotis hordeiformis Nees in Hooker & Arnott, Bot. Beech- 1.5 mm. Fl. and fr. summer and autumn. 2n = 40. ey Voy. 248. 1838. Sandy places, along seashores. Guangdong, Hebei, Jiangsu, 麦穗茅根 mai sui mao gen Yunnan [India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand]. Perotis chinensis Gandoger. This species is very close to Perotis indica and is sometimes in- Annual or short-lived perennial. Culms loosely tufted, cluded within it. No single character by itself is reliable for separating erect or decumbent at base, 25–40 cm tall. Leaf sheaths gla- the two, but the combination of characters given in the key will usually brous; leaf blades lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 2–4 cm, 4–7 suffice.
    [Show full text]
  • Guidelines for Using the Checklist
    Guidelines for using the checklist Cymbopogon excavatus (Hochst.) Stapf ex Burtt Davy N 9900720 Synonyms: Andropogon excavatus Hochst. 47 Common names: Breëblaarterpentyngras A; Broad-leaved turpentine grass E; Breitblättriges Pfeffergras G; dukwa, heng’ge, kamakama (-si) J Life form: perennial Abundance: uncommon to locally common Habitat: various Distribution: southern Africa Notes: said to smell of turpentine hence common name E2 Uses: used as a thatching grass E3 Cited specimen: Giess 3152 Reference: 37; 47 Botanical Name: The grasses are arranged in alphabetical or- Rukwangali R der according to the currently accepted botanical names. This Shishambyu Sh publication updates the list in Craven (1999). Silozi L Thimbukushu T Status: The following icons indicate the present known status of the grass in Namibia: Life form: This indicates if the plant is generally an annual or G Endemic—occurs only within the political boundaries of perennial and in certain cases whether the plant occurs in water Namibia. as a hydrophyte. = Near endemic—occurs in Namibia and immediate sur- rounding areas in neighbouring countries. Abundance: The frequency of occurrence according to her- N Endemic to southern Africa—occurs more widely within barium holdings of specimens at WIND and PRE is indicated political boundaries of southern Africa. here. 7 Naturalised—not indigenous, but growing naturally. < Cultivated. Habitat: The general environment in which the grasses are % Escapee—a grass that is not indigenous to Namibia and found, is indicated here according to Namibian records. This grows naturally under favourable conditions, but there are should be considered preliminary information because much usually only a few isolated individuals.
    [Show full text]
  • Tropical Forages
    Tropical Forages Hymenachne amplexicaulis Scientific name Hymenachne amplexicaulis (Rudge) Nees Synonyms Aquatic or sub-aquatic perennial with coarse culms Leaves to >3cm wide with stem- Basionym: Panicum amplexicaule Rudge clasping auricles at base Family/tribe Family: Poaceae (alt. Gramineae) subfamily: Panicoideae tribe: Paspaleae subtribe: Otachyriinae. Morphological description A perennial, stoloniferous/rhizomatous grass, with robust, erect or ascending culms 1–2.5 m high and to Aquatic culm with nodal rooting (cv. >12 mm thick, and prostrate stems that run on wet Olive) ground, or float on water, developing adventitious roots. Stems glabrous, pithy. Leaves glossy green in colour, Inflorescence a narrow spike-like largely glabrous; sheaths often spongy; blades mostly panicle linear-lanceolate, 10–45 cm long and to >3 cm wide, cordate, auriculate and clasping at base; ligule an eciliate membrane, 1–2.5 mm long. Panicle narrow, spikelike, cylindrical, 20–50 cm long, 1–2 cm across, sometimes with 2 to a few long, upright branches. Spikelets lanceolate, dorsi-ventrally compressed, upright, 3–4 (–5) mm long and 1 mm diameter; c. 2.3 million seeds/kg. Caryopsis ellipsoid, easily detached, 1–2 mm long and 0.6 mm diameter. Prolific seed production Note: Morphologically similar to, but distinct from Hymenachne acutigluma (Steud.) Gilliland, which is native to Continental Asia, Malesia and Australasia. Leaves and inflorescence Similar species H. amplexicaulis: leaf base cordate-auriculate, stem- clasping (amplexicaul). H. acutigluma (Steud.) Gilliland (syn. Hymenachne pseudointerrupta Müll. Hal.): leaf base rounded to sub- cordate. Native to S and SE Asia, and northern Australia. Checking maturity in seed production Common names area (cv.
    [Show full text]
  • Urochloa Subquadripara (Poaceae: Paniceae) New to Texas and a Key to Urochloa of Texas
    Hatch, S.L. 2010. Urochloa subquadripara (Poaceae: Paniceae) new to Texas and a key to Urochloa of Texas. Phytoneuron 2010-8: 1-4. (8 April) UROCHLOA SUBQUADRIPARA (POACEAE: PANICEAE) NEW TO TEXAS AND A KEY TO UROCHLOA OF TEXAS Stephan L. Hatch S.M. Tracy Herbarium (TAES) Department of Ecosystem Science and Management Texas A&M University College Station, TX 77843-2138, U.S.A. [email protected] ABSTRACT Urochloa subquadripara is reported as introduced into Texas. A key to separate the 13 species of Urochloa in Texas is presented along with an image of the newly reported species. KEY WORDS : Poaceae, Urochloa , Texas, introduced, invasive plant Urochloa P. Beauv. is primarily a grass genus of Old World origin. Thirteen of the estimated 100 species (Wipff & Thompson 2003) worldwide occur in Texas. This genus was separated from closely related or similar Paniceae by Wipff et al. in 1993. Urochloa (Wipff & Thompson 2003) is described as having terminal and axilliary panicle inflorescences with 2 to several spicate primary unilateral branches. Spikelets are solitary, paired, or in triplets and occur in 1–2 (4) rows per primary branch. With 2 florets per spikelet, the upper floret is fertile, indurate and rugose to verrucose, the lower floret sterile or staminate. A key to three Urochloa species was published by Wipff et al. (1993). Eight of the Texas taxa are introduced (five invasive) and five are native to North America. The introduced taxa are native to tropical or subtropical regions of the world and their points of introduction appear to be from the coast or south Texas and following a period of adaptation move inland and/or to the north.
    [Show full text]
  • BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Ancestry of the Two Subgenomes of Maize
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/352351; this version posted June 20, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. McKain et al. - 1 CLASSIFICATION: BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Ancestry of the two subgenomes of maize Michael R. McKaina,b , Matt C. Estepc, Rémy Pasquetd, Daniel J. Laytona,e, Dilys M. Vela Díazf, Jinshun Zhongg,h,i, John G. Hodgea,j, Simon T. Malcomberk, Gilson Chipabikal, Beatrice Pallangyom, Elizabeth A. Kellogga,* aDonald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Rd., St. Louis, MO 63121, USA; bDepartment of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA; cDepartment of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA; dDIADE, Univ Montpellier, IRD, F-34394 Montpellier, France; eIndiana University, Department of Biology, Jordan Hall, 1001 E 3rd St, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; fDepartment of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; gMax Planck Institute for Plant Breeding, 50829 Köln, Germany; hInstitute of Plant Genetics, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; iCluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences “From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules”, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; jPlant Biology Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA; kDivision of Environmental Biology, National Science Foundation, 2415 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, VA 22314, USA lZARI, Mount Maluku Central Research Station, Private Bag 7, Chilanga, Zambia mBiocontrol Program, PO Box 30031, Kibaha, Tanzania *Author for correspondence: [email protected] bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/352351; this version posted June 20, 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • (Urochloa Ruziziensis) Under Different Levels of Soil Density
    AJCS 10(10):1424-1428 (2016) ISSN:1835-2707 DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.10.pne85 Shoot and root development of brachiaria grass (Urochloa ruziziensis) under different levels of soil density Leandro Pereira Pacheco1*, Andressa Selestina Dalla Côrt São Miguel2, Edicarlos Damacena de Souza3, Ícaro Camargo de Carvalho4, Fabiano André Petter5, Rayane Gabriel da Silva6, Camila Menezes Rodrigues da Silva2 1 Department of Plant Science, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Rondonópolis, MT, Brazil 2Postgraduate Program in Agricultural Engineering, UFMT, Rondonópolis, MT, Brazil 3Department of Soil Science, UFMT, Rondonópolis, MT, Brazil 4Graduates in Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, UFMT, Rondonópolis, MT, Brazil 5Department of Plant Science, UFMT, Sinop, MT, Brazil 6Graduates in Agronomy, Faculdade Anhanguera, Rondonópolis, MT, Brazil *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract For mitigation of negative effects of human activities on the soil density, the use of cover crops in no-tillage system (NTS) has been strongly recommended. This study aims to evaluate the shoot and root development of Urochloa ruziziensis subjected to soil density levels in dystrophic Oxisol. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with a completely randomized design, with five treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of U. ruziziensis submitted to five levels of soil density (1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6 and 1.8 Mg m-3), twenty experimental units in total. The Urochloa ruziziensis showed reduced plant height, leaf area and number of leaves with increasing soil density, resulting in morphological and physiological changes from densities higher than 1.6 Mg m-3. However, these results demonstrate the ability of this species to break the compacted ground and form biopores.
    [Show full text]
  • Vegetation Survey of Mount Gorongosa
    VEGETATION SURVEY OF MOUNT GORONGOSA Tom Müller, Anthony Mapaura, Bart Wursten, Christopher Chapano, Petra Ballings & Robin Wild 2008 (published 2012) Occasional Publications in Biodiversity No. 23 VEGETATION SURVEY OF MOUNT GORONGOSA Tom Müller, Anthony Mapaura, Bart Wursten, Christopher Chapano, Petra Ballings & Robin Wild 2008 (published 2012) Occasional Publications in Biodiversity No. 23 Biodiversity Foundation for Africa P.O. Box FM730, Famona, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe Vegetation Survey of Mt Gorongosa, page 2 SUMMARY Mount Gorongosa is a large inselberg almost 700 sq. km in extent in central Mozambique. With a vertical relief of between 900 and 1400 m above the surrounding plain, the highest point is at 1863 m. The mountain consists of a Lower Zone (mainly below 1100 m altitude) containing settlements and over which the natural vegetation cover has been strongly modified by people, and an Upper Zone in which much of the natural vegetation is still well preserved. Both zones are very important to the hydrology of surrounding areas. Immediately adjacent to the mountain lies Gorongosa National Park, one of Mozambique's main conservation areas. A key issue in recent years has been whether and how to incorporate the upper parts of Mount Gorongosa above 700 m altitude into the existing National Park, which is primarily lowland. [These areas were eventually incorporated into the National Park in 2010.] In recent years the unique biodiversity and scenic beauty of Mount Gorongosa have come under severe threat from the destruction of natural vegetation. This is particularly acute as regards moist evergreen forest, the loss of which has accelerated to alarming proportions.
    [Show full text]
  • Stem Population and Tissue Replacement of Urochloa in Different Phenological Stages
    American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2020, 11, 1296-1306 https://www.scirp.org/journal/ajps ISSN Online: 2158-2750 ISSN Print: 2158-2742 Stem Population and Tissue Replacement of Urochloa in Different Phenological Stages María de los Ángeles Maldonado Peralta1, Adelaido Rafael Rojas García1*, Jessica Lizbeth Ruíz Clavel2, Herminio Aniano Aguirre2, Filiberto Magadan Olmedo1, Leopoldo Jorge Castañeda2, Uriel Mondragón Calderón2 1Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Cuajinicuilapa, Guerrero, México 2Tecnológico Nacional de México, Campus Instituto Tecnológico de Pinotepa, Pinotepa Nacional, Oaxaca, México How to cite this paper: Maldonado Peral- Abstract ta, M.Á., Rojas García, A.R., Ruíz Clavel, J.L., Aniano Aguirre, H., Magadan Olmedo, The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the Urochloa In- F., Jorge Castañeda, L. and Mondragón surgent, Piata and Signal grasses by varying the phenology in the attributes: Calderón, U. (2020) Stem Population and stem population dynamics, tissue replacement, leaf:stem relation and weight Tissue Replacement of Urochloa in Differ- ent Phenological Stages. American Journal per stem. The data were analyzed using a completely randomized block de- of Plant Sciences, 11, 1296-1306. sign with arrangement in divided plots and four replications, the procedure https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2020.118092 used was PROC GLM from SAS. The Signal grass presented higher stem den- sity with an average of 450 m−2 stems, while the meadow with Insurgent grass Received: July 9, 2020 Accepted: August 18, 2020 registered the lowest stem density throughout the investigation, with an av- −2 Published: August 21, 2020 erage of 320 m stems; furthermore, in this treatment, the stem density tended to increase slowly over time (P = 0.05).
    [Show full text]
  • Kurzfassung Richtlinie 2000/29/EG
    EUROPÄISCHEN UNION Kurzfassung der pflanzengesundheitlichen Regelungen für die Verbringung von Pflanzen, Pflan- zenerzeugnissen und sonstigen Gegenständen innerhalb der EU-Mitgliedstaaten Erstellt vom Julius Kühn-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Kulturpflanzen, Institut für nationale und internationale Angelegenheiten der Pflanzengesundheit. 30.09.2019 Für die Richtigkeit der Angaben wird keine Gewähr übernommen. EUROPÄISCHEN UNION Allgemeine Anforderungen RECHTSGRUNDLAGEN DEFINITIONEN Schutzgebiete EINFUHRVERBOTE PFLANZENPASS Listen der Quarantäneschadorganismen Pflanzen* mit Ursprung in einem Mitgliedstaat Zwiebeln und Knollen mit Ursprung in einem Mitgliedstaat Samen mit Ursprung in einem Mitgliedstaat Schnittblumen und Zweige mit Ursprung in einem Mitgliedstaat Früchte, Gemüse und Blattgemüse mit Ursprung in einem Mitgliedstaat Holz mit Ursprung in einem Mitgliedstaat Lose Rinde mit Ursprung in einem Mitgliedstaat Verpackungsmaterial mit Ursprung in einem Mitgliedstaat Erde und Kultursubstrat mit Ursprung in einem Mitgliedstaat Vorratsprodukte mit Ursprung in einem Mitgliedstaat Sonstiges mit Ursprung in einem Mitgliedstaat Ordnungen, Familien und ihre Gattungen Allgemeine Anforderungen RECHTSGRUNDLAGEN Abkommen EU/Schweiz von 1999. Richtlinie 2000/29/EG und ihre Änderungen; Schweiz: Verordnung über Pflanzenschutz SR Verordnung 690/2008/EG und ihre Änderungen 916.20 (Schutzgebiete) Entscheidungen/Durchführungsbeschlüsse der Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaf- ten. Institut für nationale und internationale Angelegenheiten
    [Show full text]
  • Global Relationships Between Plant Functional Traits and Environment in Grasslands
    GLOBAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PLANT FUNCTIONAL TRAITS AND ENVIRONMENT IN GRASSLANDS EMMA JARDINE A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Sheffield Department of Animal and Plant Sciences Submission Date July 2017 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First of all I am enormously thankful to Colin Osborne and Gavin Thomas for giving me the opportunity to undertake the research presented in this thesis. I really appreciate all their invaluable support, guidance and advice. They have helped me to grow in knowledge, skills and confidence and for this I am extremely grateful. I would like to thank the students and post docs in both the Osborne and Christin lab groups for their help, presentations and cake baking. In particular Marjorie Lundgren for teaching me to use the Licor, for insightful discussions and general support. Also Kimberly Simpson for all her firey contributions and Ruth Wade for her moral support and employment. Thanks goes to Dave Simpson, Maria Varontsova and Martin Xanthos for allowing me to work in the herbarium at the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, for letting me destructively harvest from the specimens and taking me on a worldwide tour of grasses. I would also like to thank Caroline Lehman for her map, her useful comments and advice and also Elisabeth Forrestel and Gareth Hempson for their contributions. I would like to thank Brad Ripley for all of his help and time whilst I was in South Africa. Karmi Du Plessis and her family and Lavinia Perumal for their South African friendliness, warmth and generosity and also Sean Devonport for sharing all the much needed teas and dub.
    [Show full text]
  • Grasses of Namibia Contact
    Checklist of grasses in Namibia Esmerialda S. Klaassen & Patricia Craven For any enquiries about the grasses of Namibia contact: National Botanical Research Institute Private Bag 13184 Windhoek Namibia Tel. (264) 61 202 2023 Fax: (264) 61 258153 E-mail: [email protected] Guidelines for using the checklist Cymbopogon excavatus (Hochst.) Stapf ex Burtt Davy N 9900720 Synonyms: Andropogon excavatus Hochst. 47 Common names: Breëblaarterpentyngras A; Broad-leaved turpentine grass E; Breitblättriges Pfeffergras G; dukwa, heng’ge, kamakama (-si) J Life form: perennial Abundance: uncommon to locally common Habitat: various Distribution: southern Africa Notes: said to smell of turpentine hence common name E2 Uses: used as a thatching grass E3 Cited specimen: Giess 3152 Reference: 37; 47 Botanical Name: The grasses are arranged in alphabetical or- Rukwangali R der according to the currently accepted botanical names. This Shishambyu Sh publication updates the list in Craven (1999). Silozi L Thimbukushu T Status: The following icons indicate the present known status of the grass in Namibia: Life form: This indicates if the plant is generally an annual or G Endemic—occurs only within the political boundaries of perennial and in certain cases whether the plant occurs in water Namibia. as a hydrophyte. = Near endemic—occurs in Namibia and immediate sur- rounding areas in neighbouring countries. Abundance: The frequency of occurrence according to her- N Endemic to southern Africa—occurs more widely within barium holdings of specimens at WIND and PRE is indicated political boundaries of southern Africa. here. 7 Naturalised—not indigenous, but growing naturally. < Cultivated. Habitat: The general environment in which the grasses are % Escapee—a grass that is not indigenous to Namibia and found, is indicated here according to Namibian records.
    [Show full text]