DOCSLIB.ORG

The History, Goals, and Application of Conservation Physiology

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The History, Goals, and Application of Conservation Physiology OUP CORRECTED AUTOPAGE PROOFS – FINAL, 26/10/20, SPi CHAPTER 1 The history, goals, and application of conservation physiology Christine L. Madliger, Oliver P. Love, Steven J. Cooke, and Craig E. Franklin 1.1 The history of combining animal physi ology and toxicology (see Bitman et al. 1969; physiology and conservation science Jefferies 1969)—that provided some of the key evi- dence leading to pesticide bans in the United States, Although conservation physiology is often cited as forming one of the earliest success stories in the one of the newest branches of conservation science field of conservation physiology. (for an overview of conservation science writ large, Despite this success, it would be decades before see Soulé 1985), its foundation is formed by nearly researchers began to formally frame the process of 200 years of comparative animal physiology integrating physiological tools into conservation research. As that primarily laboratory-based dis cip- science as a discipline in its own right. Much of the line expanded into natural settings, the field of eco- first published literature discussing the potential logical (or environmental) physiology began to take applications of physiology in conservation focused shape. By the mid-1900s, scientists were character- on endocrinology, in particular reproductive and izing how physiological adaptations allow organ- stress physiology. For example, building off know- isms to prosper in extreme environments like ledge gained in captive breeding scenarios moni- deserts, the depths of the oceans, high altitudes, toring reproductive hormone levels, Berger et al. and the poles (Feder et al. 1997). Ecological physi- (1999) discussed the application of ‘conservation ology became increasingly interdisciplinary, draw- endocrinology’ for wild populations. By monitor- ing on molecular biology, evolutionary and life ing faecal progesterone levels, the authors deter- history theory, behavioural ecology, and natural mined that a low frequency of juvenile moose history to characterize physiological diversity and (Alces alces) in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem adaptations across all environmental types and of the United States was not the result of increased scales (Willmer et al. 2009). Given the capacity of predation by re col on iz ing wolves (Canis lupus) or this knowledge base, it is unsurprising that, as grizzly bears (Ursus arctus), but instead was due to en vir on mental movements gained traction in the low pregnancy rates. It was therefore clear that 1960s, some scientists turned to physiology to dis- physiology could help identify the underlying cern the underlying mechanistic basis of wide- cause of population instabil ity in a wild setting. spread conservation issues. One prominent example In relatively close succession, Millspaugh and is that of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) Washburn (2004), noting the increasing use of fae- causing reproductive failure in avian species, par- cal glucocorticoid levels as indicators of ‘stress’ in ticularly large raptors such as bald eagles (Haliaeetus wild animals, outlined numerous considerations leucocephalus) and peregrine falcons (Falco peregri- for sample collection, processing, and inter pret- nus). It was the discovery of altered eggshell depos- ation that were specific to using this tool in conser- ition dynamics—an interplay of reproductive vation biology research. This work stressed just Christine L. Madliger, Oliver P. Love, Steven J. Cooke, and Craig E. Franklin, The history, goals, and application of conservation physiology In: Conservation Physiology: Applications for Wildlife Conservation and Management. Edited by: Christine L. Madliger, Craig E. Franklin, Oliver P. Love, and Steven J. Cooke, Oxford University Press (2021). © Oxford University Press. DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198843610.003.0001 OUP CORRECTED AUTOPAGE PROOFS – FINAL, 26/10/20, SPi 2 CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY: APPLICATIONS FOR WILDLIFE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT how important it is to have detailed knowledge of patterns to provide information on the mechanism(s) the role of any aspect of physiology in maintaining underpinning a conservation issue. homeostasis (i.e. the value of validating tools for The next major leap in the field came in 2013 with specific species and contexts) to employ a physio- the launch of the dedicated journal Conservation logic al metric as a conservation biomarker. Physiology by Oxford. For scientists sometimes fa cing Conservation physiology became much more solidi- difficulty fitting their research into the scope of existing fied in the mid-2000s as researchers came together to journals, this became an outlet where studies could be define its purpose and scope. In 2004, a symposium published without having to tailor to either a solely titled ‘Ecophysiology and Conservation: The physiological or conservation science-focused venue. Contribution of Endocrinology and Immunology’ at The inaugural paper of the journal refined the the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology’s definition of conservation physi ology to be, ‘an annual meeting specifically showcased physiological integrative scientific discipline applying physiological research with conservation implications (Stevenson et concepts, tools, and know ledge to characterizing bio- al. 2005). Many of the associated papers from this logical diversity and its ecological implications; under- symposium covered endocrine disruption in aquatic standing and predicting how organisms, populations, environments (Stevenson et al. 2005), reflecting the and ecosystems respond to environmental change and history of using physiological techniques to under- stressors; and solving conservation problems across stand the effects of environmental toxins and pollu- the broad range of taxa (i.e. including microbes, plants, tants. Soon after, Wikelski and Cooke (2006, p. 38) and animals)’ (Cooke et al. 2013, p. 2). This is an inher- formally defined and described in detail the scope and ently broad definition thatcon siders the diversity of goals of conservation physiology as an emerging, physio logic al traits available, which span im mun- cogent discipline. Their definition stated that conser- ology/epidemiology, endocrinology, bio ener get ics, vation physiology is, ‘the study of physiological car dio respira tory physiology, physio logic al genomics, responses of organisms to human alteration of the neuro- and sensory physiology, and toxicology (Cooke en vir on ment that might cause or contribute to popu- et al. 2013). The authors envisioned the dis cip line con- lation declines’. Importantly, they stressed that one of tributing to diverse conservation goals, including iden- the most valuable characteristics of conservation tifying strategies to rebuild popula tions, ecosystem physi ology is that it reaches beyond a description of restoration, conservation policy development, and Table 1.1 The scope of conservation physiology. Adapted from Cooke et al. (2013). Monitoring and identifying threats Predicting change Integrating with diverse Achieving conservation success dis cip lines Providing a mechanistic understanding of the Developing Integration of physiology with Exploiting knowledge of organismal effect of environmental change on organisms mechanistic models conservation behaviour, physiology to control invasive species Understanding the influences of for species conservation medicine, conservation and restore threatened habitats and anthropogenic disturbance and variation in distributions toxicology, conservation genetics, populations and other relevant sub-disciplines habitat quality on organism condition, health, Developing Understanding the optimal and survival mechanistic Understanding the relevance of environmental conditions for ex situ Understanding the physiological mechanisms relationships ecology and evolution of preservation of endangered species involved in changes in community, ecosystem, between population physiological diversity to (e.g. captive breeding) declines and conservation and landscape structure, as well as individual Integrating physiological knowledge physiological species, in response to environmental change Understanding the relevance of into ecosystem management and processes Evaluating stress responsiveness and acclimatization and adaptation of development of tools to solve environmental tolerances relative to Developing physiological processes to complex conservation problems predictive models in environmental variation to environmental change (including climate Evaluating and improving the conservation management and conservation change and ocean acidification) success of various management and practices that Applications of contemporary conservation interventions Applying physiological biomarkers as part of include physiological genomic and post-genomic long-term environmental monitoring parameters Understanding the policy technologies to conservation programmes implications of conservation physiology physiology research OUP CORRECTED AUTOPAGE PROOFS – FINAL, 26/10/20, SPi (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) Figure 1.1 Conservation physiology successes cover a diversity of taxa, ecosystems, landscape scales, and physiological systems. (A) Birds of prey, such as osprey, have rebounded following regulations on DDT. (B) Plague is being combated in the endangered black-footed ferret via a targeted vaccination programme. (C) Caribou and wolf populations are being effectively managed via physiological monitoring of scat. (D) Nutrition programmes support successful
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Success Stories and Emerging Themes in Conservation Physiology
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Scholarship at UWindsor University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor Biological Sciences Publications Department of Biological Sciences 2016 Success stories and emerging themes in conservation physiology Christine L. Madliger University of Windsor Steven J. Cooke Erica J. Erica Jennifer L. Funk Kevin R. Hultine See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/biologypub Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Madliger, Christine L.; Cooke, Steven J.; Erica, Erica J.; Funk, Jennifer L.; Hultine, Kevin R.; Hunt, Kathleen E.; Rohr, Jason R.; Sinclair, Brent J.; Suski, Cory D.; Willis, Craig K.R.; and Love, Oliver P., "Success stories and emerging themes in conservation physiology" (2016). Conservation Physiology, 4, 1. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/biologypub/1137 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biological Sciences at Scholarship at UWindsor. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biological Sciences Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholarship at UWindsor. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors Christine L. Madliger, Steven J. Cooke, Erica J. Erica, Jennifer L. Funk, Kevin R. Hultine, Kathleen E. Hunt, Jason R. Rohr, Brent J. Sinclair, Cory D. Suski, Craig K.R. Willis, and Oliver P. Love This article is available at Scholarship at UWindsor: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/biologypub/1137 Volume 4 • 2016 10.1093/conphys/cov057 Perspective Success stories and emerging themes in conservation physiology Christine L. Madliger1,*, Steven J. Cooke2, Erica J. Crespi3, Jennifer L.
    [Show full text]
  • One Hundred Research Questions in Conservation Physiology for Generating Actionable
    Volume 00 • 2021 10.1093/conphys/coab009 Perspective One hundred research questions in conservation physiology for generating actionable evidence to inform conservation policy Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/conphys/article/9/1/coab009/6214572 by guest on 16 April 2021 and practice Steven J. Cooke1,*, Jordanna N. Bergman1, Christine L. Madliger1, Rebecca L. Cramp2, John Beardall3,GaryBurness4,TimothyD.Clark5,BenDantzer6, Erick de la Barrera7, Nann A. Fangue8, Craig E. Franklin2, Andrea Fuller9,LucyA.Hawkes10, Kevin R. Hultine11, Kathleen E. Hunt12,OliverP.Love13, Heath A. MacMillan14, John W. Mandelman15,FelixC.Mark16, Lynn B. Martin17,AmyE.M.Newman18, Adrienne B. Nicotra19,GrahamD.Raby4,SharonA.Robinson20, Yan Ropert-Coudert21, Jodie L. Rummer22, Frank Seebacher23, Anne E. Todgham24, Sean Tomlinson25 and Steven L. Chown3 1Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada 2School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia 3Securing Antarctica’s Environmental Future, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia 4Department of Biology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, Canada 5School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia. 6 Department of Psychology, Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation Physiology of Marine Fishes: State of the Art and Prospects
    Volume 4 • 2016 10.1093/conphys/cow046 Review article Conservation physiology of marine fishes: state of the art and prospects for policy David J. McKenzie1,*, Michael Axelsson2, Denis Chabot3, Guy Claireaux4, Steven J. Cooke5, Richard A. Corner6, Gudrun De Boeck7, Paolo Domenici8, Pedro M. Guerreiro9, Bojan Hamer10, Christian Jørgensen11, Shaun S. Killen12, Sjannie Lefevre13, Stefano Marras8, Basile Michaelidis14, Downloaded from Göran E. Nilsson13, Myron A. Peck15, Angel Perez-Ruzafa16, Adriaan D. Rijnsdorp17, Holly A. Shiels18, John F. Steffensen19, Jon C. Svendsen20, Morten B. S. Svendsen19, Lorna R. Teal17, Jaap van der Meer21, Tobias Wang22, Jonathan M. Wilson23, Rod W. Wilson24 and Julian D. Metcalfe25 1 Centre for Marine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation, UMR MARBEC (CNRS, IRD, IFREMER, UM), Place E. Bataillon cc 093, 34095 http://conphys.oxfordjournals.org/ Montpellier, France 2Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 18, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden 3Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institut Maurice-Lamontagne, Mont-Joli, QC, Canada G5H 3Z4 4Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR LEMAR, Unité PFOM-ARN, Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, ZI Pointe du Diable. CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France 5Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1S 5B6 6Longline Environment Ltd, 88 Wood Street, London EC2V 7RS, UK 7Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp,
    [Show full text]
  • What Is Conservation Physiology? Perspectives on an Increasingly Integrated and Essential Science†
    Erschienen in: Conservation Physiology ; 1 (2013), 1. - cot001 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/conphys/cot001 Volume 1 • 2013 10.1093/conphys/cot001 Perspective What is conservation physiology? Perspectives on an increasingly integrated and essential science† Steven J. Cooke1,*, Lawren Sack2, Craig E. Franklin3, Anthony P. Farrell4, John Beardall5, Martin Wikelski6, and Steven L. Chown5 1Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1S 5B6 2Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA 3School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia 4Department of Zoology and Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4 5School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia 6Max Plank Institute of Ornithology, D-78315 Radolfzell, Germany † Inaugural paper for Conservation Physiology. *Corresponding author: Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1S 5B6. Tel: +1 613 867 6711. Email: [email protected] Globally, ecosystems and their constituent flora and fauna face the localized and broad-scale influence of human activities. Conservation practitioners and environmental managers struggle to identify and mitigate threats, reverse species declines, restore degraded ecosystems, and manage natural resources sustainably. Scientific research and evidence are increasingly regarded as the foundation for new regulations, conservation actions, and management interventions. Conservation biolo- gists and managers have traditionally focused on the characteristics (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation Physiology Can Inform Threat Assessment and Recovery Planning Processes for Threatened Species
    Vol. 32: 507–513, 2017 ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH Published June 15 https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00831 Endang Species Res OPENPEN ACCESSCCESS OPINION PIECE Conservation physiology can inform threat assessment and recovery planning processes for threatened species Kim Birnie-Gauvin1,2,*, Sarah Walton1, Caleigh A. Delle Palme1, Beckie A. Manouchehri1,3, Simon Venne4, Robert J. Lennox1, Jacqueline M. Chapman1, Joseph R. Bennett3, Steven J. Cooke1 1Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada 2DTU Aqua, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Section for Freshwater Fisheries Ecology, Technical University of Denmark, Vejlsøvej 39, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark 3Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada 4Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada ABSTRACT: Conservation physiology has emerged as a discipline with many success stories. Yet, it is unclear how it is currently integrated into the activities of the IUCN and other bodies which undertake international, national, or regional species threat assessments and work with partners to develop recovery plans. Here we argue that conservation physiology has much to offer for the threat assessment process and we outline the ways in which this can be operationalized. For instance, conservation physiology is effective in revealing causal relationships and mechanisms that explain observed patterns, such as population declines. Identifying the causes of population declines is a necessary precursor to the design of actions to reverse or mitigate such threats. Con- servation physiology can also identify complex interactions and support modeling activities that consider emerging threats.
    [Show full text]
  • A Meta-Analytical Review Using the Threatened Green Sturgeon (Acipenser Medirostris)
    Volume 7 • 2019 10.1093/conphys/coz035 Review article Integrating physiological data with the conservation and management of fishes: a meta-analytical review using the threatened Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/conphys/article-abstract/7/1/coz035/5524574 by guest on 10 July 2019 green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) Essie M. Rodgers 1, Jamilynn B. Poletto2, Daniel F. Gomez Isaza 3, Joel P.Van Eenennaam4, Richard E. Connon5, Anne E. Todgham4, Alicia Seesholtz6,JoeC.Heublein7,JosephJ.CechJr1, John T. Kelly8 and Nann A. Fangue1,* 1Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA 2School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 3310 Holdrege St., Lincoln, NE 68583, USA 3School of Biological Sciences, The University Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia 4Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA 5Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA 6California Department of Water Resources, 3500 Industrial Blvd., West Sacramento, CA 95691, USA 7NOAA National Marine Fisheries Program, West Coast Region, 650 Capital Mall, Sacramento, CA 95814, USA 8Fisheries Branch, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 830 S St., Sacramento, CA 95811, USA *Corresponding author: Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA. Tel: +1 5307524997. Fax: +1 5307524154. Email: [email protected] .......................................................................................................................................................... Reversing global declines in the abundance and diversity of fishes is dependent on science-based conservation solutions. A wealth of data exist on the ecophysiological constraints of many fishes, but much of this information is underutilized in recovery plans due to a lack of synthesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation Biology Needs a Microbial Renaissance
    Conservation biology needs a microbial royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rspb renaissance: a call for the consideration of host-associated microbiota in wildlife management practices Review Brian K. Trevelline1,†, Samantha S. Fontaine1,†, Barry K. Hartup2,3 Cite this article: Trevelline BK, Fontaine SS, and Kevin D. Kohl1 Hartup BK, Kohl KD. 2019 Conservation biology needs a microbial renaissance: a call for the 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA consideration of host-associated microbiota in 2Department of Conservation Medicine, International Crane Foundation, Baraboo, WI, USA 3 wildlife management practices. Proc. R. Soc. B School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA 286: 20182448. BKT, 0000-0002-4514-0467; SSF, 0000-0002-2448-8800; KDK, 0000-0003-1126-2949 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.2448 The central aim of conservation biology is to understand and mitigate the effects of human activities on biodiversity. To successfully achieve this objec- tive, researchers must take an interdisciplinary approach that fully considers Received: 30 October 2018 the effects, both direct and indirect, of anthropogenic disturbances on wildlife physiology and health. A recent surge in research has revealed that host- Accepted: 3 January 2019 associated microbiota—the archaeal, bacterial, fungal and viral communities residing on and inside organisms—profoundly influence animal health, and that these microbial communities can be drastically altered by anthropogenic activities. Therefore, conservation practitioners should consider the disruption Subject Category: of host-associated microbial diversity as a serious threat to wildlife popu- Global change and conservation lations. Despite the tremendous potential for microbiome research to improve conservation outcomes, few efforts have been made to truly integrate these fields.
    [Show full text]
  • Reframing Conservation Physiology to Be More Inclusive
    Volume 8 • 2020 10.1093/conphys/coaa016 Perspective Reframing conservation physiology to be more inclusive, integrative, relevant and forward-looking: reflections and a horizon scan Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/conphys/article/8/1/coaa016/5815645 by guest on 16 October 2020 Steven J. Cooke1,*, Christine L. Madliger1, Rebecca L. Cramp2, John Beardall3,GaryBurness4, Steven L. Chown3,TimothyD.Clark5,BenDantzer6, Erick de la Barrera7, Nann A. Fangue8, Craig E. Franklin2, Andrea Fuller9,LucyA.Hawkes10, Kevin R. Hultine11, Kathleen E. Hunt12,OliverP.Love13, Heath A. MacMillan14, John W. Mandelman15,FelixC.Mark16, Lynn B. Martin17,AmyE.M.Newman18, Adrienne B. Nicotra19,SharonA.Robinson20, Yan Ropert-Coudert21, Jodie L. Rummer22, Frank Seebacher23 and Anne E. Todgham24 1Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada 2School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia 3School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia AQ5 4Department of Biology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada 5School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 14 3216, Australia. 6Department of Psychology, Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA 7Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad
    [Show full text]
  • Reframing Conservation Physiology to Be More Inclusive, Integrative, Relevant and Forward-Looking: Reflections and a Horizon Scan
    ORE Open Research Exeter TITLE Reframing conservation physiology to be more inclusive, integrative, relevant and forward-looking: Reflections and a horizon scan AUTHORS Cooke, SJ; Madliger, CL; Cramp, RL; et al. JOURNAL Conservation Physiology DEPOSITED IN ORE 10 August 2020 This version available at http://hdl.handle.net/10871/122391 COPYRIGHT AND REUSE Open Research Exeter makes this work available in accordance with publisher policies. A NOTE ON VERSIONS The version presented here may differ from the published version. If citing, you are advised to consult the published version for pagination, volume/issue and date of publication Volume 8 • 2020 10.1093/conphys/coaa016 Perspective Reframing conservation physiology to be more inclusive, integrative, relevant and forward-looking: reflections and a horizon scan Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/conphys/article/8/1/coaa016/5815645 by guest on 10 August 2020 Steven J. Cooke1,*, Christine L. Madliger1, Rebecca L. Cramp2, John Beardall3,GaryBurness4, Steven L. Chown3,TimothyD.Clark5,BenDantzer6, Erick de la Barrera7, Nann A. Fangue8, Craig E. Franklin2, Andrea Fuller9,LucyA.Hawkes10, Kevin R. Hultine11, Kathleen E. Hunt12,OliverP.Love13, Heath A. MacMillan14, John W. Mandelman15,FelixC.Mark16, Lynn B. Martin17,AmyE.M.Newman18, Adrienne B. Nicotra19,SharonA.Robinson20, Yan Ropert-Coudert21, Jodie L. Rummer22, Frank Seebacher23 and Anne E. Todgham24 1Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada 2School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia 3School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia AQ5 4Department of Biology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada 5School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 14 3216, Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • Physiology, Behavior, and Conservation Author(S): Steven J
    Physiology, Behavior, and Conservation Author(s): Steven J. Cooke, Daniel T. Blumstein, Richard Buchholz, Tim Caro, Esteban Fernández-Juricic, Craig E. Franklin, Julian Metcalfe, Constance M. O’Connor, Colleen Cassady St. Clair, William J. Sutherland, and Martin Wikelski Source: Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, Vol. 87, No. 1 (January/February 2014), pp. 1- 14 Published by: The University of Chicago Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/671165 . Accessed: 25/01/2014 20:44 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Physiological and Biochemical Zoology. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 128.97.244.96 on Sat, 25 Jan 2014 20:44:50 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 1 INVITED PERSPECTIVE Physiology, Behavior, and Conservation* Steven J. Cooke1,†,‡ ABSTRACT Daniel T. Blumstein2 Many animal populations are in decline as a result of human Richard Buchholz3 activity. Conservation practitioners are attempting to prevent Tim Caro4 further declines and loss of biodiversity as well as to facilitate Esteban Ferna´ndez-Juricic5 recovery of endangered species, and they often rely on inter- Craig E.
    [Show full text]
  • John W. Mandelman, Ph.D
    John W. Mandelman, Ph.D. Anderson Cabot Center for Ocean Life Direct: (617) 226-2168 New England Aquarium Mobile: (617) 283-3177 1 Central Wharf, Boston, MA 02110 (USA) Email: [email protected] EDUCATION 2006 Ph.D. Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA Dissertation: Physiological Stress and Mortality in an Exploited Elasmobranch 1996 B.A. Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY PROFESSIONAL APPOINTMENTS Primary 2016-present Vice President and Chief Scientist, Anderson Cabot Center for Ocean Life, New England Aquarium Secondary 2015-present Adjunct Associate Professor, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University 2013-present Research Faculty, School of the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston 2012-present Adjunct Assistant Professor, Department of Fisheries Oceanography, School of Marine Science and Technology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth 2010-present Research Associate Faculty, Department of Marine Sciences, University of New England 2006-present E–Learning instructor, Online and Distance Learning Program, Northeastern University Past 2013-2016 Senior Scientist/Director of Research, John H. Prescott Marine Laboratory, New England Aquarium 2007-2013 Research Scientist, John H. Prescott Marine Laboratory, New England Aquarium 2006-2008 Visiting Faculty/Instructor, Biology Department, Northeastern University 2007-2008 Wild Fisheries Scientist, Conservation Dept., New England Aquarium 2007 Associate Research Scientist, Research Dept., New England Aquarium 2006-2007 Postdoctoral Fellow, Research Dept., New England Aquarium PRIMARY RESEARCH INTERESTS Comparative marine fish (primarily elasmobranch) physiology and applied and experimental fisheries biology, physiological ecology and conservation physiology. More specifically: 1) the physiological consequences of exposure to anthropogenic stressors in fishes; 2) the mortality of discarded bycatch in fishing operations; 3) strategies to reduce discard mortality.
    [Show full text]
  • What Is Conservation Physiology? Perspectives on an Increasingly Integrated and Essential Science†
    Volume 1 • 2013 10.1093/conphys/cot001 Perspective What is conservation physiology? Perspectives on an increasingly integrated and essential science† Steven J. Cooke1,*, Lawren Sack2, Craig E. Franklin3, Anthony P. Farrell4, John Beardall5, Martin Wikelski6, and Steven L. Chown5 1Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1S 5B6 Downloaded from 2Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA 3School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia 4Department of Zoology and Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4 5School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia 6Max Plank Institute of Ornithology, D-78315 Radolfzell, Germany http://conphys.oxfordjournals.org/ † Inaugural paper for Conservation Physiology. *Corresponding author: Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1S 5B6. Tel: +1 613 867 6711. Email: [email protected] Globally, ecosystems and their constituent flora and fauna face the localized and broad-scale influence of human activities. Conservation practitioners and environmental managers struggle to identify and mitigate threats, reverse species declines, restore degraded ecosystems, and manage natural resources sustainably. Scientific research and evidence are increasingly by guest on September 26, 2013 regarded as the foundation for new regulations, conservation actions, and management interventions. Conservation biolo- gists and managers have traditionally focused on the characteristics (e.g.
    [Show full text]